定语从句专题教育课件市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

Grammar

定语从句精讲（限制性定语从句）第1页Attributiveclause(限制性定语从句)

先行词和关系词定语从句

关系代词怎样引导定语从句

关系代词使用方法

定语从句中需注意事项

附加部分习题第2页

定语能够由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）例：Thegirlbehindthetree

isKate.

Themandrivingtoofast

wasadrunk.

定语从句在英语中，修饰名词或代词句子叫定语从句。例：Thegirlwhoisbehindthetree

isKate.

Themanwhowasdrivingtoofast

wasadrunk.第3页先行词和关系词先行词：被定语从句修饰词叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句词叫关系词。先行词、关系词/引导词{对等}

代替

Thatisthebikewhichmyfatherboughtforme.

先行词＝关系词

bike关系词作用：既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当某种成份。第4页关系代词怎样引导定语从句普通代词与关系代词区分Ihaveasister.She

worksinShanghai.

代替sisterIhaveasister

who/that

worksinShanghai.普通代词：只起代替作用（如上例she)关系代词：（如上例who/which）

1.除了代替先行词外，2.它还在定语从句中担任一定成份，3.同时连接先行词与它引导定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）第5页

说明以下Thebuildingisourschool.+Thebuildingstandsbytheriver.=Thebuilding

which/thatstandsbytheriverisourschool.

先行词

关系词从句

which、that

是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词thebuilding,

同时担任从句中主语，也起连词作用，把两个简单句连接起来。

关系代词使用取决于先行词，它们关系非常亲密，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中先行词，所以它在普通情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它人称、数必须和先行词一致。Thewomanthat/whois

speakingatthemeetingismymother.(主句)Thewomanismymother(从句)Thewomanisspeakingatthemeeting.{主语是单数}第6页Thewomenthat/who

are

speakingatthemeeting

arefamousscientists.(主句)Thewomenarefamousscientists.(从句)Thewomenare

speakingatthemeeting.{主语是复数}

关系词判断步骤:

首先，要区分出先行词。假如先行词是指人,关系词可能就用

who,that,whom,whose。假如先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that

然后，要确定关系词在从句中成份。请看下表先行词

主格

宾格全部格

人who,thatwho(m),thatwhose

物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,ofwhich

最终，要确定关系代词人称和数(请看以上例句)第7页注意

定语从句时态不受主句限制。.Thewoman

who/that

spokeatthemeetingyesterday

is

my

mother.(主句)Thewomanismymother.(叙述客观事实用普通现在时)(从句)Thewoman(who/that)spokeatthemeetingyesterday.(句中yesterday表示过去时间)定语从句识别（思索步骤）找出先行词

a.确定在从句中关系代词人称、数和性。

b.确定定语从句位置确定关系代词在从句中成份以确定关系代词格确定从句时态（定语从句时态都不受主句限制）第8页关系代词使用方法定语从句惯用关系代词有：that、who(m)、whose、which等。

that多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词宾语。（that/which作宾语时可省.）

1)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Aplaneisamachinewhichcanfly.

2)Whowashurtintheaccident

thathappenedyesterday?Whowashurtintheaccident

whichhappenedyesterday?

3)Haveyoufoundthebike

thatyoulost?Haveyoufoundthebike

whichyoulost?Haveyoufoundthebike

省略

youlost?

第9页2.which

指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略;作宾语能够省略。

(which

与that

指物时能够相互代替，that更常见。）

1)Hisfatherworksinafactory

that

makesTVsets.Hisfatherworksinafactory

which

makesTVsets.

2)Thefilmthat

wesawlastnightwasverywonderful.Thefilm

which

wesawlastnightwasverywonderful.Thefilm

省略

wesawlastnightwasverywonderful.

3.who指人(既它先行词必须是人),在从句中作主语或宾语。但whom是宾格,只能作宾语。(that有时也指人.代替who,whom,可作主语或宾语)1)Thegirlswhoweren’tbadlyhurtintheaccidentaremyclassmates.Thegirls

thatweren’tbadlyhurtintheaccidentaremyclassmates.第10页

2)Heknewtheteacher

whowemetyesterday.Heknewtheteacherwhomwemetyesterday.Heknewtheteacher(that)wemetyesterday.4.whose是代词全部格形式,它既能够代人也能够代物。

Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawoman

whosebagwasstolen.I’llcallaperson.Hisfatherknowsyou.I’llcallaperson

whosefatherknowsyou.Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebook

whosecoverisred.第11页1)Thisisthehero(whom)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.Thisisthehero(that)weareproudof.2)Sheisthegirl

whomIwentwiththere.Sheisthegirlwith

whomIwentthere.SheisthegirlthatIwentwiththere.Sheisthegirl省略

Iwentwiththere.注意:

固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.比如:lookafter,lookat…关系代词与介词

介词放在关系代词前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物,

和whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词能够省略)第12页3)Theroom

(that)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom

(which)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom

inwhichIliveisverybig.Theroom

whereIliveisverybig.4).Iwanttofindthepen

(that)Iwrotetheletterwith.Iwanttofindthepen

(which)Iwrotetheletterwith.Iwanttofindthepen

withwhichIwrotetheletter.Herearethepicture-booksthatthechildrenarelookingfor.Herearethepicture-bookswhichthechildrenarelookingfor.Herearethepicture-booksthechildrenarelookingfor.第13页定语从句中需注意事项有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which1.从句所修饰词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that引导从句.Thisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.Thefirstmeeting(that)wewilltakepartinwillbeheldintheafternoon.2.先行词是all,something,nothing,anything不定代词时,只能用that.Hereissomething(that)Iwilltellyou.Notallthatglittersisgold.3.先行词现有些人也有物时,只能用that引出从句Icanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Isee.第14页4.先行词是oneof,theone,或用little,few,no,all,any作修饰，用thatIsittheonethatyouwant?Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.5.当主句已经有疑问词

who或which时，关系词用thatWhichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?从例句中看出，who、that在许多情况下能够通用，但有时宜用

用who,而不用that1.先行词是one(s),anyone,someone,those时，关系词使用whoThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.Onewhohasnothingtofearoneselfdarestotellthetruth.2.在therebe

句型中，先行词指人,关系词用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.第15页附加部分

————关系副词

关系副词是用来引导定语从句，它和关系代词一样，含有数种作用。在从句中代替先行词。在句中作状语。连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句复合句。

关系副词有三种：

where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点.(on/in/at…which)

when:

在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。(on/in…which)

why:

在从句中作原因状语,指代原因。

第16页关系副词使用方法：

1.where使用方法：(先行词应是地点名词）

Thehotelwasn’tclean.+Westayed

=Thehotel

wherewestayedwasn’tclean.

＝Thehotel

atwhichwestayedwasn’tclean.

＝Thehotel

whichwestayedatwasn’tclean

＝Thehotel

关系词略westayedatwasn’tclean.atthehotel.Westayedthere.先行词关系词从句从句＝共有五个不一样句子来表示。第17页2.when使用方法：（先行词应是表示时间名词）

I’llneverforgettheday.

+IjoinedtheLeagueonthatday.I’llneverforgetthedaythatIjoinedtheLeague.(口语)I’llneverforgettheday

onwhich

IjoinedtheLeague.I’llneverforgettheday

when

IjoinedtheLeague.从句3.why使用方法：

(表示原因名词)The

reason

whyI’mcallingyouistoinviteyoutoaparty.The

reasonthat

I’mcallingyouistoinviteyoutoapartyThe

reason

I’mcallingyouistoinviteyoutoaparty略

在口语中,关系副词where、when、why常被that代替,也可省略。

第18页ExercsesI.RewritethesentencesII.ChoosethebestanswersIII.Translate第19页I.把以下单句合并成含有定语从句复合句.1.Thelittlegirlwascryingonthestreet.Hermoneyhadbeenstolen.2.Thecolourofthebikeisgreen.Haveyouseenthebike?3.Thestudentdidn’tagreewithus.Thestudentwasstandingunderthetree.4.Whereistheman?Themantalkedwithyoujustnow.5.Thewatchisverynice.Hegavemethewatchformybirthday.6.Thebookisveryinteresting.Youlentittomeyesterday.7.TheteacherisourEnglishteacher.Yousawherontheplayground.Thelittlegirlwhosemoneyhadbeenstolenwascryingonthestreet.Haveyouseenthebike

whosecolourisgreen.Thestudentwhowasstandingunderthetreedidn’tagreewith

us.Whereisthemanwhotalkedwithyoujustnow?Thewatch(that)hegavemeformybirthdayisverynice.

Thebook(that/which)youlentmeyesterdayisveryinteresting.Theteacher(who/that)yousawontheplaygroundisourEnglishteacher第20页8.

Theletterisfrommyfriend.Ireceivedityesterday.

9.I’mreadingabook.Itsnameis“WhoMovedMyCheese”

10.Heworksinaschool.Thereisabigstorenearit.11.Heusedtoliveinahouse.Infrontofitgrewmanyappletrees.12.Thisistheroom.Welivedinitlastyear.13.Thechildrenareveryhealthy.Sheislookingafterthem.14.Iknowtheboy.HecanspeakEnglishwell.Theletter(that/which)Ireceivedyesterdayisfrommyfriend.I’mreadingabookwhosenameis“WhoMovedMyCheese”

Heworksinaschoolnearwhichthereisabigstore.Thisistheroom(that/which)welivedinlastyear.Thisistheroominwhich/wherewelivedlastyear.Thechildren(who/that)sheislookingafterthemareveryhealthy.Iknowtheboywho/thatcanspeakEnglishwellHeusedtoliveinahouseinfrontofwhichgrewmanyappletrees第21页15.Theseasonissummer.Itcomesafterspring.16.ThemanwasAmerican.Ispoketohimyesterday.17.Ican’tfindthehouse.Myfriendlivesinit.18.Iknowtheboy.Youarelookingforhim.19.Thisisthetown.Hewasborninthetown.20.Wearrivedhereontheday.Doyourememberit?Theseasonwhichcomesafterspringissummer.Theman(whom/that)IspoketoyesterdaywasAmerican.ThemantowhomIspokeyesterdaywasAmerican.Ican’tfindthehouse(which/that)myfriendlivesin.Ican’tfindthehouseinwhich/wheremyfriendlives.Iknowtheboy(whom/who/that)youarelookingfor.Thisisthetown(which/that)hewasbornin.Thisisthetowninwhich/wherehewasborn.Doyouremembertheday(that/which)wearrivedhereon?Doyourememberthedayonwhichwearrivedhere?Doyourememberthedaywhenwearrivedhere?第22页II.单项选择。

1.Thisisthejob______theylaughedat.A.whichB.asC.itD.who2.BeihaiParkisabeautifulpark______builtabout300yearsago.A.wherewasB.thatwereC.whichwasD.where3.Whowasthegrey-hairedman______atyesterday’smeeting?A.wesawhimB.wesawC.wesawwhoD.shewasseen4.Theman______ispaintingthehouseismyuncle.A.he B.whomC.whose D.who5.Whatistheanimal______babyissleepinginitspocket?A.who B.whoseC.its D.which6.Thisbookisforthestudents______nativelanguageisn’tEnglish.A.that B.ofwhomC.whose D.who’s7.Therobbersshouted,“Handsup!I’llshootanyone______moves!”A.whom B.that C.who D.whose8.Thedictionary_____hepaid50yuanforisveryuseful.A.whichB.forwhichC.onwhichD.aboutwhich9Theboy_____parentsdiedtwoyearsagoliveswithhisgrandpanow.A.whoseB.whoC.hisD/10.Theman________issmokingisatailor.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.what_______ACBDBCCAAB第23页11—Whichanimalisyourfavourite?—Theone______hasalongneck.A.whichB.thatC.itD.who12.Isthisthefactory_____producescolourTVsets?A.whatB./C.whichD.where13.Thehighbuilding______isabighotel.A.thatheislooking B.whichheislookingC.wearelookingat D.atthatwearelooking14Isthereanyone___cananswerthisquestion?A.whichB.whomC.whoD.he15.Intheafternoonwe’llvisitthehighschool______isveryfamoushere.A.whichB.whereC.itD./16.Thefox______thechickenswerekilledwasshot.A.thatB.whichC.forthatD.bywhich17.Thecomputer______canstorealotofinformationiswidelyusedtoday.A.inwhichB.thatC.withwhichD.where18.Isthisthebookstore_______youvisitedyesterday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone19.Yesterdaytheysawthemanandthedog_____ranaftereachotherontheroad.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.as20.Shanghaiistheplacein_____hewasborn.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.thatBCCCADBACA第24页21.—Doyouknowtheman______ispaintingthehouse?—Ofcourse.He’smyuncle.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.whose22.Thehospital______wasbuiltlastyearwillopensoon.A.whereB.whichC.whoD./23.Thisistheelephant______leftearwasshot.A.whoB.that C.its D.whose24.Thehospital______hisfatherworksinisanewone.A.thatB.inthatC.inwhichD.where26.Theman______watchwasstolenistalkingtothepolice.A.his B.who C.who’sD.whose27Theknife_____Icuttheapple______can’tbefound.A.which,inB.which,withC.that,byD.that,for28.Whohastakenthedictionary________coverisbroken？

A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whose29.Whoisthegirlto______youjustnowtalked？

A.whoB.whomC.thatD.whose30.Thisisthebook_________I’mlookingfor.A./B.whichC.thatD.alltheaboveBBDADBDBD第25页31Thisistheonlybook________Iboughtlastyear.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.BothAandB32.All__________I’mgoingtodoisgood.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.BothAandB33.Thebuilding_______roofwecanseeisahospital.A.whoseB.whichC.who’sD.atwhich34.Thisisthebestbook______Ihaveread.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.BothAandB35.Thisistheschool__________Iworkedsevenyearsago.A.inwhichB.inthatC.whichD.that36.Allthebooks__________Iputonthedeskareyours.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.BothAandB37.It’squitedifferentfrom___________Isawlastmouth.A.whichB.theoneCthatD.theonewhat38.Isthistheriver______Icanswim?A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.theone39.Watchtheoldladyandherdog_______________arecrossingthestreet.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.they40.Canyoulendmethedictionary___________theotherday?A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit

BAAAAABCBA第26页41.Thechurch__________wesawbytheriverwasbuiltacenturyago.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.inwhich42.Doyouknowwhoislivinginthathouse_________windowsfacesouth?A.whoseB.whichCwhichofD.its43.Anyone_________withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagree44Thisisthelasttime________I’llgiveyoualesson.A.whenB.thatC.whatD.as45.Idon’tthinkthenumberofpeople_________thishappensisverylarge.A.whoB.towhomC.towhichD.that46.Hereisthedress______________intheshopwindow.A.YousawitB.thatyousawitC.thatsawitD.yousaw47.Iwastheonlypersoninmyoffice_______wasinvited.A.whoB.whomCwhichD.what48.Theman______hairisyellowisthethief.A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.which49.Thisisthemostbeautifulbird______________Ihaveeverseen.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whose50.Thepersonto_______youtalkedisourmathsteacher.A.which