英语专业综合教程3(第二版)unit4课件

Fun,OhBoy.Fun.YouCouldDiefromItBySuzanneBrittJordanAbouttheauthor:

SuzanneBrittJordanBorninWinston-Salem,NorthCarolina,andattendedSalemCollegeandWashingtonUniversity.ShehasbeenacolumnistfortheRaleighNewsandObserverandStarsandStripes,Europeanedition,andhaswrittenforothernewspapersandnewsmagazines.Jordan’sbooksincludeacollectionofessays,ShowandTell(1982);SkinnyPeopleAreDullandCrunchylikeCarrots(1982),anexpansionofheressay"ThatLeanandHungryLook";andAWriter’sRhetoric(1988),acollegetextbook.Thisessayoriginallyappearedinthe"MyTurn"columnofNewsweekmagazine.PuritansPuritansrefertoagroupofradicalEnglishprotestantsthataroseinthelatesixteenthcenturyandbecameamajorforceinEnglandduringtheseventeenthcentury.Puritanswantedto“purify”theChurchofEnglandbyeliminatingtracesofitsoriginsintheRomanCatholicChurch.Inaddition,theyurgedastrictmoralcodeandplacedahighvalueonhardwork.AftertheexecutionofKingCharlesIin1649,theycontrolledthenewgovernment,theCommonwealth.OliverCromwell,whobecameleaderoftheCommonwealth,isthebest-knownPuritans.ManyPuritans,persecutedintheirhomeland,cametoAmericainthe1620sand1630s,settingcoloniesthateventuallybecameMassachusetts.Thewordspuritanandpuritanicalhavecometosuggestazealforkeepingpeoplefromenjoyingthemselves.Onewhoisscrupulousandstrictinhisreligiouslife;oftenusedreproachfullyorincontempt;onewhohasoverstrictnotions.

清教徒原指英国的一部分新教徒，他们大都倾向于资产阶级革命，像克伦威尔。后来分布变得更广泛，遍及美国。历史上将在英国的新教徒，那些信奉加尔文教义、不满英国国教教义的人称为清教徒。由于英国的宗教迫害，大部分清教徒逃亡到了美国，所以人们所说的清教徒，一般指在美国的清教徒。清教徒并不是一种宗教，而是一种态度，一种倾向，一种价值观，它是对信徒群体的一种统称。清教徒是最为虔诚，生活最为圣洁的新教徒，他们认为“人人皆祭司，人人有召唤”。认为每个个体可以直接与上帝交流，反对神甫集团的专横、腐败和繁文缛节、形式主义。他们主张简单、实在、上帝面前人人平等的信徒生活。

清教徒认为人必须要禁欲和勤俭节约。他们限制一切纵欲、享乐甚至消费行为。毫无疑问，清教徒运动对后世的影响是巨大的。清教徒精神所形成的现代文化，其许多重要方面，仍是当今社会的基础。尤其是美国的共和政体制度、美国文化精神，都深受清教徒运动的影响。可以说，没有清教徒，美国今天不会是这样的社会面貌。罗斯福总统在纪念五月花号清教徒的演说上说，“三百年前到达此地的五月花清教徒，改变了这一块土地的命运，也因而改变了这一个世界的命运。”现在清教徒也用来指那些主张禁欲的人或极端拘谨的人。StructuralanalysisoftheTextTheessayevaluatesthe“fun”sideoftheAmericancultureinanironicway.Thefirstfiveparagraphs,whichformtheintroductiontotheessay,provideastipulativedefinitionof“fun”.

Theninthemainbodyofthetext,thewritergivesanextendeddefinitionofitbypointingoutwhatitisnot.Theessayconcludeswithananecdotethatfurtherexplainswhatfunis.Todevelopthedefinition,anumberofmethodshavebeenemployed,amongwhicharenarration,comparisonandcontrast.

PartTwo:(Paragraphs6-11)Inthispartoftheessay,thewriterofferstheextendeddefinitionoftheword“fun”bynegation.Inparagraph6,theauthorlistsseveralthingsthataresupposedtobringpeoplefun,likefamilyoutings,sex,education,work,WartDisney,churchandstayingfit.

Inparagraph7-9,theauthortriedtoclarifysomethingwillnotbringpeoplefun,likeinatest,dirtybumper,stickrefrigeratordoorsaresometothethingsthatarenotsourcesoffun.Somepeopleresorttothrillingwayssuchasadventures,immoralactions,crimesoralcoholtohavefun.

Theauthorcreatesaconversationalstylebyusing“everything,everybody,Gollygee”.“byJove”

PartThree:(Para.12-15):theessayconcludeswithananecdotethatfurtherexplainswhatfunis.Paragraph12:accordingtotheauthor,weshouldtreatfunrespectfully.Funisnotsupposedtobeeverywhere.Wecannoteasilygetfunoutofeverything.Paragraph13:theauthordevelopstheideathatfunisamystery.Inparagraph14,theauthorclaimsthatasarule,noholiday,nobigoccasionswouldtakeplaceonthisday.Butifwetreatfunproperly,wecanhavefunevenonsuchanordinaryday.RhetoricalFeaturesoftheText

Therhetoricuseof