英美概况-美国地理课件

GeneralknowledgeofAmerica

美国概况Contents:

BasicinformationAmericangeographyNameoftheCountryThefullofficialnameofthecountryistheUnitedStatesofAmerica,usuallyreferredtoastheU.S.A.TheUnitedStateofAmerica,withthecapitalofWashingtonD.C.,isthebiggestcountryinNorthAmerica.

nationalflag：StarsandStripesTheStar-SpangledBanner

madeupof13alternatingredandwhitestripesand50whitestarsonabluefieldStarsareconsideredasymboloftheheavensandthedivinegoalthestripeissymbolicoftheraysoflightfromthesunWhite:SignifiespurityandinnocenceRed:SignifiesvalorandbraveryBlue:SignifiesVigilance,perseverance,andjusticeStarSpangledBanner星条旗之歌Oh,saycanyousee,bythedawn'searlylight,

Whatsoproudlywehailedatthetwilight'slastgleaming?

Whosebroadstripesandbrightstars,throughtheperilousfight,

O'ertherampartswewatched,weresogallantlystreaming?

啊!在晨曦初现时，你可看见是甚么让我们如此骄傲?

在黎明的最后一道曙光中欢呼，是谁的旗帜在激战中始终高扬!Nationalemblem：Baldeagle

美国的国徽是由威廉·巴顿WilliamBarton和查尔斯·汤姆逊CharlesThomson设计的，美国政府于1782年6月20日开始用这个国玺来鉴定重要文件。国徽的图案，正中是一只象征独立、自由精神的白头鹰，前面盾牌状的国旗，代表了1777年加入美国联邦的十三个州。白头鹰的右爪持着希望和平的橄榄枝，左爪握着决心自卫的利箭。白头鹰衔着一条用拉丁文写着“合众国”字样的彩带，国徽顶端则是透过云雾，闪闪发光的十三颗金星。TheGreatSealshowsawide-spreadeagle,facedfront,havingonhisbreastashieldwiththirteenperpendicularredandwhitestripes,surmountedbyabluefieldwiththesamenumberofstars.Inhisrighttalontheeagleholdsanolivebranch,inhisleftabundleofthirteenarrows,andinhisbeakhecarriesascrollinscribedwiththemotto:"EPluribusUnum“,meaning"outofmany,one"

TheEagleappearsintheSealsofmanyofourStates,onmostofourgoldandsilvercoinage,andisusedagreatdealfordecorativepatrioticpurposes.Theeaglerepresentsfreedom.

In1986,PresidentReganissuedaproclamationtodeclarethattherosebecametheofficialfloweroftheAmerica.NationalBird—TheEagleThebaldeaglewaschosenonJune20,1782asthesymbolofAmerica,becauseofitslonglife,greatstrengthandmajesticlooks.Theeagle,fullofthespiritoffreedom,livingabovethevalleys,strongandpowerfulinhismight,hasbecomethenationalsymbolofU.S.A.GeorgeWashingtonChristopherColumbusUncleSamUncleSamafiguresymbolizingtheUnitedStatesportrayedasatall,white-hairedmanwithagoateeoftendressedinred,white,andblue,andwearsatophat“UncleSam”totheUnitedStatesis“JohnBull”toUKJohnBullUncleSam1.Locationandsize2.Topography(地形,地质)Majormountainsandriversthreegeographicaldivisions3.Climate4.Naturalresources5.Population6.Geograpicalregions7.MajorcitiesII.AmericanGeography1.TheUnitedStatesismadeupofDistrictofColumbiaand_____states.A.48B.49C.50D.512.WhatarethenamesofthetwostatesoftheUnitedStateswhicharenoncontiguous?A.AlaskaandHawaiiB.AlaskaandOhioC.OhioandKansasD.HawaiiandKansas1.LocationandSize

1.ContinentalUnitedStatesliesincentralNorthAmericawithCanadatoitsnorth,MexicoandtheGulfofMexicotoitssouth,theAtlanticOceantoitseastandthePacificOceantoitswest.2.The2neweststates:AlaskaandHawaiiseparatedfromcontinentalUnitedStatesAlaskabordersonnorthwesternCanada,HawaiiliesinthecentralPacific.3.theadvantagesofthelocationoftheUSTheUShasanideallocationforitsdevelopment.-ItsAtlanticcoastfacesthedevelopedcountriesofWesternEurope,anditsPacificcoastandHawaiigivethenationanapproachtotheFarEastandAustralasia-InthepasttheAtlanticandPacificOceansservedasnaturalbarriersbetweentheUSandtherestoftheworld.ThisallowedtheUStogrowandbecomestrongwithlittleoutsideinterference.-And

todaythedevelopmentofmeansofcommunicationandtransportationmakestheU.S.wellconnected

totherestoftheworld.2.topography:MountainsinU.S.A.AppalachianMountains阿巴拉契亚山脉RockyMountains落基山脉TheAppalachianMountains--runslightlyfromthenortheasttosouthwest

--old(havebeenwornoutovermillionsofyears)andlow(thehighestpeakisonlyalittleover2,000metres)--notedforvirginforestsandmines

--servedasanaturalbarrierforwestwardmovementduringtheearlysettlement.TheAppalachianMountainsthegreatmountainsystemofeasternNorthAmerica;

onesixthofthenationalterritoryonthecontinent;FromprovinceofQuebecinCanadatoNorthernAlabama.RockyMountains----greatbackboneofNorthAmerica

thegreatmountainsystemofwesternNorthAmerica;5000kmsfromNewMexicotoCanada;averagealtitude:morethan3000msabovesealevel.AppalachianMountainsVSRockyMountainsAppalachianMountainsRockyMountainsDirectionFromthenortheasttosouthwestFromthenorthwesttosoutheastAgeOlderYoungerHeightLower(2037m)Higher(4500m)2.Topography:RiversintheUSATheriversinthecountryaremainlylyingbetweentheAppalachianandRockyMountains.1.TheMississippi--3,782kilometreslong--TheMississippianditstributariesdrainoneoftherichestfarmareasintheworld

--Theyforma19,000-kilometresystemofwaterwaysandserveasimportantmeansoftransportation.--called“fatherofwaters”andthe“oldmanriver”RiversinU.S.A.MississippiRiverFatherofallWaters2.TheMissouri--over6,000kilometresandisoneofthelongestriversintheworld--runs3,725kilometresbeforeitjoinstheMississippi

3.TheOhio--about1,500kilometreslong--calledtheAmericanRuhr

(aftertheRuhrRiver鲁尔河inGermany),famousforitsrichvaluabledeposits--Theareaiswellknownforitssteelindustry

4.OnthePacificsidethereare2greatrivers:theColoradointhesouth,andthe

ColumbiarisesinCanada.5.TheHudson“fatherofwaters”

ThemostimportantandlongestriverintheU.S.TheMissouriandtheOhioaretwoofitslargesttributaries.TheGreatLakesNiagaraFalls尼亚加拉瀑布ThefiveGreatLakes

LakeMichiganLakeSuperiorLakeErieLakeHuronLakeOntario--theworld’slargestGroupoffreshwaterlakes--TheyarealllocatedbetweenCanadaandtheUSexceptLakeMichiganTheyare:LakeSuperior苏必利尔湖：thelargestfreshwaterlakeintheworld.LakeMichigan密歇根湖：theonlyoneentirelyintheUSLakeHuron休伦湖LakeErie伊利湖LakeOntario安大略湖2.Topography:ThreeGeographicDivisionsGeographicDivisionsGreatPlainsEasternpartWesternpartTheEasternPartTheeasternpart—thehighlandsformedbytheAppalachianRange(阿巴拉挈亚山脉).onesixthoftheterritoryrelativelylow,withanaveragealtitudeof800metersabovesealevelTheWesternPartHighplateaus(高原)andmountains—extendingfromCanadathroughthewesternpartoftheUnitedStatestoMexicoandfurthersouth.Onethirdofthecountry’sterritoryRockymountainsTheGreatCentralPlainBetweentheAppalachiansintheeastandtheRockyMountainsinthewest.halfofAmerica’slandmassonthecontinentstretchfromtheGreatLakesinthenorthtotheGulfofMexicointhesouthdrainedbytheMississippianditstributariesfivegreatlakesandNiagaraFallsTheGreatCentralPlainTheGreatCentralPlainisbetween______and______,occupyingabout1/2ofAmerica’slandmassonthecontinent.Keys:RockyMountainsTheAppalachianMountainsOnesecond3.ClimateThenorthernstatesarethecoldest;Thesouthernstatesaresunbelt;TemperatestatesareinthePacificNorthwest.ClimateintheUnitedStatesMaritimeclimateContinentaldesertclimateContinentalsteppe(西伯利亚草原）climateHumidcontinentalclimateSub-tropicalclimateSub-arcticclimateTropicalclimateClimateMainlytemperatewithsomemildsubtropicalzoneswithonlythesouthernFloridaandHawaiibeingtropical.50centimeterrainfalllineintheeast—comparativelymorerain,soeasyagriculture;inthewest—muchlessrain(lessthan50cm.ayear)withtheexceptionofthecoastalareasalongthePacific.4.NaturalResourcesrichinmineralresourcesamongthecountrieswiththegreatestreservesofcoal,ironoreandoil.aboundsinlead,copper,zinc,aluminum,silver,andgold.onefourthoftheterritory—coveredwithforestswhichmainlyconcentrateuponthreeareas:theareaalongthenorthwesterncoastofthePacifictheareainthesouththeareainthenorthrichinoil—oncethelargestoilproducingcountry.oilreserve—alongthecoastoftheGulfofMexico,Texas,Louisiana,andOklahoma5.population“MeltingPot”AmongtheCaucasians,themostinfluentialpeopleareWASP:thewhiteAnglo-SaxonProtestants.Aborigines:theIndians80%-90%ofimmigrantsarefromAsiaandHispanic

countries.HispanicgroupsmainlycamefromMexico,PuertoRico,andCuba.Race/Ethnicity(2008)White79.8%AfricanAmerican12.8%AsianAmerican4.5%NativeAmericanandAlaskaNative1.0%NativeHawaiianandPacificIslander0.2%Multiracial1.7%Hispanic(ofanyrace)15.4%NationofimmigrationLanguages(2007)English(only)225.5millionSpanish34.5millionChinese2.5millionFrench2.0millionTagalog(菲律宾语)1.5millionVietnamese1.2millionGerman1.1millionKorean1.1millionLanguage

SpokenatHome(U.S.Census)6.GeographicalRegionsNewEnglandMiddleAtlanticstatesTheAmericanSouthTheMid-WestTheAmericanWestThePacificCoastNewStatesNewEngland新英格兰

Maine

缅因州

NewHampshire

新罕布什尔州

Vermont

佛蒙特州Massachusetts

马塞诸塞州(麻省)

Rhode

Island

罗得岛

Connecticut

康涅狄格州MiddleAtlanticStates

WestVirginia

西弗吉尼亚州

NewJersey

新泽西州

NewYork

纽约州

Pennsylvania

宾夕法尼亚州

Maryland

马里兰州

Delaware

特拉华州

TheMid-WestStates

Wisconsin

威斯康星州

SouthDakota

南达科他州

NorthDakota

北达科他州

Ohio

俄亥俄州

Illinois

伊利诺伊州

Indiana

印第安纳州

Iowa

艾奥瓦(衣阿华)州

Kansas

堪萨斯州

Missouri

密苏里州

Minnesota

明尼苏达州

Michigan

密歇根(密执安)州

Nebraska内布拉斯加州TheAmericanSouthVirginia

弗吉尼亚州

NorthCarolina

北卡罗来州

Oklahoma

俄克拉何马州

SouthCarolina

南卡罗来州

Tennessee

田纳西州

Texas

得克萨斯州

Alabama

亚拉巴马州

Arkansas

阿肯色州

Florida

佛罗里达州

Georgia

佐治亚州

Kansas

堪萨斯州

Louisiana

路易斯安那州

Mississippi

密西西比州

TheAmericanWestWyoming

怀俄明州

NewMexico

新墨西哥州

Arizona

亚利桑那州Idaho

爱达荷州

Montana

蒙大拿州

Nevada

内华达州

Colorado

科罗拉多州

Utah

犹他州

ThePacificCoastWashington

华盛顿州

Oregon

俄勒冈州California

加利福尼亚州

TheNewStates

Alaska

阿拉斯加州

Hawaii

夏威夷

TheTopList:exerciseThelargeststate:AlaskaThesmalleststate:RhodeIslandThemostpopulousstate:CaliforniaTheleastpopulousstate:WyomingThelargestcities:NewYork？7.Majorcities1.WashingtonD.C.2.NewYorkCity(inNewYork)3.LosAngeles(InCalifornia)4.Chicago(inIllinois)5.Houston(inTexas)6.Philadelphia(inPennsylvania)7.Detroit(inMichigan)8.SanFrancisco(inCalifornia)9.Boston(inMassachusetts)

1.IntheUnitedStates,___,whichisacityofTexas,isnicknamed“theSpaceCity”.A.NewYorkCityB.DetroitC.PhiladelphiaD.Houston

2.Harvardislocatedin____,whichisalsocalled“TheAthensofAmerica”fromtheteachingandresearchcarriedoutinover100collegesanduniversities.

A.DetroitB.HoustonC.BostonD.LosAngeles

3.WhichofthefollowingcitiesisNOTlocatedintheNortheastU.S.?A.HoustonB.BaltimoreC.PhiladelphiaD.BostonDCAWashingtonD.C.CapitalHeadquartersofallthebranchesoftheAmericanfederalsystem:Congress(CapitalHill),theSupremeCourtandthePresidencyTheWorldBankTheInternationalMonetaryFundLincolnMemorialNewYorkCity(inNewYork)

“TheBigApple”ThelargestcitybothintermofsizeandpopulationThebusinessandfinancialcapitaloftheworld.WallStreetTheNewYorkStorkExchangeLosAngeles(InCalifornia)2ndmostpopulouscity

acityoffantasyknownformotion-picture,aeronauticsandaerospaceindustriesChicago(inIllinois)

Windycity;the

3rdpopulatedcityFinancial,transportation,culturalcapitalofMidwesternAmericatheforemosttransportationhubHouston(inTexas)ThelargestcityinTexas;The4thlargestcityinUSA;“theSpaceCity”attheforefrontinspacetechnology60年代初，美国最大的宇航中心——约翰逊宇航中心在休斯敦市建立Philadelphia(inPennsylvania)

5thlargestcityintermsofpopulationthebirthplaceofthenationTheDeclarationofIndependenceandtheConstitutionweredraftedhere.Detroit(inMichigan)ThelargestcityinMichiganTheMotorCitySanFrancisco(inC