新视野大学英语第二版第四册教案1-5单元

BookFourUnitOneSectionATheTemptationofaRespectableWomanI.ABriefIntroductionThetextdescribesthechangeinthefeelingsofMrs.Baroda,arespectablewoman,towardsherhusband'sgoodfriend,Gouvemail.Atfirst,Gouvernailseemedquietandboring,whichgreatlyannoyedher.Butjustatthenightbeforeherdepartureforthecity,theconversationbetweenthemtotallychangedherfeelingstowardshim.Shewasdeeplyattractedbyhistoneofvoice.However,sheresistedthetemptationbyleavinghomewithoutsayinggoodbyetohim.Atlast,sheovercameeverythingandacceptedherhusband'ssuggestionofhavingGouvemailvisittheirplantationagain.II.StructureAnalysisPartOne(Para.l):Mrs.Barodawasalittleannoyedtolearnthatherhusbandexpectedhisfriend,Gouvemail,tospend_aweekortwo_ontheirplantation.PartTwo(Para.2-10):Mrs.BarodafeltdepressedaboutGouvemail'squietpersonalityandfrustratedatbeingunabletopenetratehissilence.PartThree(Para.11-19):Onenight,theconversationbetweenMrs.BarodaandGouvemailtotallychangedherfeelingstowardshim.Shewasdeeplyattractedbyhistoneofvoice.PartFour(Para.20):Inordertoresistthetemptation,Mrs.BarodatookanearlymorningtraintothecitywithoutevensayingfarewelltoGouvemailanddidnotreturnuntilheleftherhome.PartFive(Para.21):Duringthesummerthatfollowed,Mr.BarodagreatlydesiredthathisfriendshouldvisitthemagainbutMrs.Barodavigorouslyopposedthis.PartSix(Para.22-24):Beforetheyearended,Mrs.BarodaproposedtohaveGouvemailvisitthemagainasshehadovercomeeverything.HLNewWordsandUsefulPhrasesA,NewWordstemptationn.L［U］诱惑2JC］诱惑物avoidtemptation避开诱惑IknowIshouldn'teatchocolatecakewhenI'mdieting,butIfindithardtoresistthetemptation.我知道在节食期间不该吃巧克力,但我很难抗拒诱惑。Allthatmoneyiscertainlyabigtemptation.那些钱当然是个极大的诱惑。yieldto/givewaytothetemptationof经不住...的诱惑resisttemptation抵制诱惑fallintotemptation受诱惑temptvt.引诱;temptern.引诱者;temptinga.诱人的idlea.1).无目的的anidleglance漫不经心的一瞥Idon'tknowwhyIasked—justidlecuriosity.我不知道我为什么问这个问题,只是出于无意义的好奇心吧。.闲散的,懒散的,无所事事的Menareleftidlewhenmachinesbreakdown.机器出故障时,人们就闲着没事干了。.空闲的,闲着的Wecan'taffordtohaveallthisexpensivemachinerylyingidle.让所有这些贵重机器闲置着,我们可担负不起损失。Thenewfinancialsupervisorintendstomakefulluseofthecompany'sidlecapital.新来的财务总监打算充分利用公司的闲置资本。idleaway(one'stime)虚度光阴 idleabout闲逛，无所事事idlenessn.懒散;idlyad.懒散地lazya.懒散的busya.忙的penetratev.穿透,渗入,进入Therainpenetratedthroughtohisskin,雨把他淋得浑身湿透了。Oureyescouldn'tpenetratethedarkness.我们的眼睛无法透过黑暗看东西。penetrationn.渗透(力),洞察力:penetratinga.渗透的,有洞察力的［辨析］penetrate,pierce这两个词均含有“穿透,刺入”之意。Penetrate较正式,且意义广泛,既可指用任何エ具穿透或穿入,也可指光线、声音等自然地透过物体,多与into或through连用。Pierce指用尖利的东西刺入或刺穿,如:Anailpiercedthetireofmybicycle,一枚钉子扎进我的自行车轮胎里。witn.l.［U］机敏风趣 aconversationfullofwit机智风趣的谈话［C］机敏风趣的人OscarWildewasafamouswit.奥斯卡•王尔德是个出名的机敏风趣的人。atone'swit's/wits'end穷于应付;不知所措,困惑wittya.诙谐的，风趣的;witteda.有某种智力的,如slow-witted反应慢的;quick-witted反应快的sheera.l).(织物)极薄的,轻的sheernylontights透明的尼龙连裤袜.完全的,彻底的Itissheernonsense.这纯粹是胡言乱语。Itwouldbesheerfollytobuysuchalargecar-wewouldn'tbeabletoaffordtorunit.头M样大的ー辆车真是愚蠢,我们根本开不起它。sheernonsense毫无意义,胡说八道bysheerchance纯属偶然地asheercliff悬崖，峭壁sheerlyad.完全地，彻底地;sheemessn.完全,垂直observationn.l.［C］评论Hemadesomeinterestingobservationsonthecurrenteconomicsituation.他对当前的经济形势作了一些有趣的评论。Shemadeafewgeneralobservationsaboutmywork.她对我的工作笼统地作了评论。2.［U,C］观察;观察记录closeandcarefulobservationofananimal'sbehavior对动物行为的密切仔细的观察Thepatientwaskeptunderobservationallnight.这位病人被观察了一整夜。Theyhavepublishedtheirobservationsofthesebirds.他们发表对这些鸟的观察报告。ke叩...under(close)observation对...(密切)监视Anobservationon/upon关于 的评论observevt.观察,评论;observern.观察者，观察员;observatoryn.天文台，观测台7.gazen.［C］注视,凝视v注视,凝视Heturnedhisheadaway,feelingtooashamedtomeethergaze.他把头扭开了,不敢与她凝视的目光对视。Shefeltuncomfortableunderhisintensegaze.在他的密切注视下,她感到不自在。ShegazedatmeindisbeliefwhenItoldherthenews.当我告诉她这个消息时她难以置信地注视着我。Hesatforhoursjustgazingoutofthewindow.他注视着窗外坐了几个小时。［习惯用法］gazeat/on/upon/into注意,凝视［辨析］gaze,stare这两个词均有“注视,凝视”之意。Gaze强调目不转睛地注视或凝视。Stare则常指由于迷惑、害怕、发怒或沉思而睁大眼睛盯着某物、某人或远方Theteacherstaredtheclassintosilence.老师瞪着全班学生直到他们安静下来。8.keena.l).强烈的,激烈的,敏锐的akeeneye敏锐的目光akeendesire强烈的愿望Manypeoplearetakingakeeninterestintheresultofthevote.许多人对投票结果非常感兴趣。2).热衷的,热心的,渴望的HewantedtogotoamoviebutIwasn'tkeen,他想去看电影,可我并不热心。Wewerekeenaboutgoingtothepicnic.我们渴望去野餐。She'skeenon(playing)tennis.她很喜欢打网球。bekeenon(doing)sth.对某事感兴趣,渴望做某事keepakeeneyeon用敏锐的眼光观察bekeentodosth.渴望做某事，热衷于做某事keenlyad.热心地，敏锐地,激烈地;keennessn.热心，敏锐，激烈，锋利uprighta.正直的,诚实的Shebehavedasanyuprightcitizenwouldhavedoneunderthecircumstances.她像所有正直的公民在这种情况下会做的那样做了。a.&ad.挺直的(地),竖立的(地),垂直的(地)Standuprightwhenyou'rebeingspokento!别人对你说话时你要站直!［派生］uprightlyad.直立地,笔直地;uprightnessn.直立［同义词］vertical垂直的,直立;honest正直的,诚实的farewelln.［C］(formal)goodbye告别,再见WesaidourfarewellstoourdearfHends.我们跟亲爱的朋友们道别。Theywavedfarewelltotheirfriends.他们挥手向朋友们告别。farewelldinner/gift/speech告别宴会/辞行赠礼/告别演讲、sayfarewellt〇…向 辞别waveafarewell挥手告别［同义词］goodbye再见proposev.l)打算，计划IproposetogotoLondononMonday.我打算星期一去伦敦。Weproposeaholidayintheearlyspring.我们打算春天开始的时候去度假。2).提议,提出Heproposedrestingforhalfanhour.他提议休息半小时。Theyproposedthatwedealdirectlywiththesuppliers.他们提议我们直接和供应商打交道。Theyproposedcutsinpublicspending.他们建议削减公共开支。proposedoingsth.建议做某事,提议做某事proposetodosth.打算做某事proposaln.提议,建议;求婚［同义词］suggest建议overcome(overcame,overcome)v.1.战胜，克服overcometheenemy战胜敌人overcomeabadhabit克服一个坏习惯2.被(烟、气、感情等)压倒，Shewasovercomewithemotion.她激动得不能自持。beovercomeby/with因…而受不了,被…压倒了［同义词］conquer战胜,克服13.deservev.应得应受,值得Afterallthathardworkyoudeserveaholiday.凭你的勤奋工作,你理应休・次假。Hedeservesourspecialthanksforallhisefforts.他的努力应得到我们特别的谢意。Yoursuggestiondeservestobeconsideredseriously.你的建议值得认真考虑。Somepointsinthisreportdeservebeingdiscussedinmoredetail.报告中的ー些要点值得进行更详细的讨论。［派生1deserveda.应受的,应得的;deservinga.值得的,该得的B:UsefulPhrasesforthemostpart:mostly;usually多半,就大多数而言,通常Forthemostpart,heisfhendly.总的来说，他是友好的。Theirremarksareforthemostpartcorrect.他们说的话大部分是正确的。imposeone'scompany/oneselfuponsb.:硬缠着某人Don'timposeyourcompanyonthem.Theyarebusywiththeirwork.别缠着他们了,他们正忙着呢!Adrunkentrampimposedhiscompanyonus.ー个醉醺醺的流浪汉缠着我们不走。formypart:speakingforoneself;personally就我而言,至于我formypart,wasveryexcitedtoseetheImperialPalaceinBeijing.就我来说,看见北京的故宫我非常兴奋。Idon'tknowwhathewantstodo,butformypart,Iwouldbegladtogo.我不知道他想干什么,至于我,倒是很想去的。countupon/on:expect;dependon料想;依靠,指望I'mcountingonmyteachertohelpme.我正指望我的老师来帮我。Youcan'tcountontheweatherbeingfine.你不能指望天晴。［扩展1countagainst（被）认为对…不利countdown（发射火箭等时）倒数countin把 算在内 countout逐一数出;不把 算入countup达到（总数），共计makeafussabout:对 小题大做,对 大惊小怪Pleasedon'tmakeafussaboutsuchasmallthing.请别为这点丿し小事大惊小怪。I'msorryformakingsuchafussaboutthenoise.我很抱歉对噪音这样大惊小怪。［辨析］makeafussabout,makeafussof/overmakeafussabout意为"对小题大做，对大惊小怪"。makeafussof/over意为“对 关怀备至,过分注意”,如:Don'tmakesomuchfussoverthechildren.不要对孩子照顾得太过分。rundown:（使）筋疲カ尽;（使）衰退Hishealthhasrundown;what'sthematter?他身体不如从前了,怎么回事?Heisrundownbecausehe'sbeenworkingtoohard.他劳累过度,把身体搞垮了。asuccessionof:aseriesof一系列,~・连串They'vehadasuccessionofbadharvestsinthelastfouryears.他们过去4年遭遇接二连三的歉收。Asuccessionofvisitorscometothedoor.登门造访的人接踵而来。drinkin:陶醉于；如饥似渴地倾听Theystoppedforamomenttodrinkinthebeautyofthescenery.他们逗留了一会儿,欣赏着周围的优美环境。Theydrankinthedeliciousmusic.他们如痴如醉地倾听那优美的音乐。yieldto:让步于,屈服于Hesaidhewouldgiveupsmoking,butheendedupyieldingtothetemptationandtookacigarette.他说他要戒烟,但终究还是经不起诱惑,又抽上了。Intheend,heyieldedtohisson'srequesttobuyacar.他终于屈服于儿子买车的要求。IV.DetailedStudyoftheTextTheTemptationofaRespectableWoman（Title）respectable:a.consideredtobesociallyacceptablebecauseofhavingagoodcharacterorappearance,orhavingawaythatisapprovedofSheisarespectableyoungwomanfromagoodfamily.她是一位出身良好的体面的年轻女子。Compare:respective:a.oforforeachone;particularandseparateAfterafewdayswithhim,shecouldunderstandhimnobetterthanatfirst.(Pa.2)Meaning:Afterafewdayswithhimonherplantation,sheknewnomoreaboutGouvemailthanattheverybeginning.Note:"no"means"notatall'*,andcanbeusedasanadverbbeforecomparatives.Theexamisnomoredifficultthanthetestsyou'vebeendoinginclass.这次考试一点也不比你们一直做的课堂测验难。It'snocoldertodaythanitwasyesterdaybutit*snowarmereither.今天并不比昨天冷,但也不比昨天热。...sheimposedhercompanyuponhim,accompanyinghiminhisidlewalkstothemill...(Para.2)Meaning:...sheforcedhimtoaccepthercompanynomatterwhetherhelikeditornot,takingaimlesswalkswithhimtothemill...Note:accompanysb.tosomeplace:gowithsb.tosomeplace"Youarefullofsurprises,"hesaidtoher."EvenIcannevercountuponhowyouaregoingtoactundergivenconditions."(Para.7)Meaning:Hetoldhiswifethatshewasalwayssaying/doingsomeunexpectedthingsandhe,asherhusband,couldneverknowhowshewouldbehaveinacertainsituationhewenton,"takingpoorGouvernailseriouslyandmakingafussabouthim,thelastthinghewoulddesireorexpect."(Para.7)Meaning:...hecontinuedsayingthatshewaspayingtoomuchattentiontoGouvemailandshowingtoomuchanxietyabouthim.ThatwaswhatGouvemaildisliked.LetmeknowwhenMr.Gouvemailisgone;untilthattimeIshallbeatmyaunt'shouse.(Para.10)Meaning:Mrs.Barodatoldherhusbandthatshewouldstayatheraunt'shouseuntilGouvemaillefttheirhouse.Shehadneverknownherthoughtstobesoconfused;likethebatsnowaboveher,herthoughtsquicklyflewthiswayandthat.(Para.11)Meaning:Herthoughtsweresoconfused,whichshehadneverexperiencedbefore,andshecouldnotconcentratehermindonanything.Shecouldgathernothingfromthembutthefeelingofadistinctnecessitytoleaveherhomethenextmorning.(Para.11)Meaning:Shecouldonlyfeelthatitwasdefinitelynecessaryforhertoleaveherhomethenextmorning.Thenashisgazereachedoutintothedarkness,hebegantotalk.(Para.14)Meaning:Thenashelookedintothedark,hebegantotalk.Mrs.Barodawasgreatlytemptedthatnighttotellherhusband—whowasalsoherfriend—ofthisfoolishnessthathadseizedhe匚(Para.18)Meaning:Thatnight,Mrs.BarodawouldlikeverymuchtotellherhusbandaboutherfeelingsthatsuddenlyanddeeplyaffectedherwhenshewaswithGouvemailbutthisdesireyieldedtohishonorablewife'svigorousopposition.(Para.21)Meaning:...hehadtogiveuphisdesiretoinviteGouvemailtovisitthemagainbecauseofhiswife'sstrongobjection.UnitOneSectionBTheObligationsandResponsibilitiestoMarriage!・BackgroundInformationChangesinmodemfamily:Familieshaveundergoneamajortransformationinthepastgenerationandarcpoisedtochangeevenmoreinthecomingcentury.Householdswillmovefurtherawayfromthefamily-structuremodelofastay-at-homemother,workingfather,andchildren,accordingtoanewreportfromtheNationalOpinionResearchCenterattheUniversityofChicago.Becauseofdivorce,cohabitationandsingleparenthood,amajorityoffamiliesrearingchildreninthenextcenturywillprobablynotincludethechildren'stwooriginalparents.Moreover,mosthouseholdswillnotincludechildren.Marriagehasdeclinedaspeoplemarryolderanddivorceandcohabitmore.Agrowingproportionofchildrenhasbeenbornoutsideofmarriage.Evenwithinmarriagethechangeshavebeenprofoundasmoreandmorewomenhaveenteredthelaborforceandgenderroleshavebecomemorehomogenousbetweenhusbandsandwives.Thosechangesarehavinganimpactonhowpeoplethinkaboutfamilylife,andasaresult,theconceptoffamilytendstobemoreelastic.II.NewWordsandUsefulPhrasesA.NewWordsoffense(英offence)n.l[U]冒犯,伤感情DoyouthinkhetookoffenceatwhatIsaid?你认为他会对我说的话生气吗?Don'tbeupsetbywhathesaid-hemeantnooffence.不要为他的话烦恼他没有恶意。2.[C]anillegalact;acrime犯罪行为,罪行aseriousoffenceー项重大的罪行aminoroffenceー项轻微的罪行commitanoffenceagainstthelaw犯法Drivingwithoutalicenseisanoffence.无照驾驶是ー种违法行为。anoffenseagainst对..・的冒犯meannooffense无意冒犯takeoffense生气offendvt.冒犯,得罪,违反;offensivea.冒犯的,无礼的relevant:a.有关的,相关的Theevidenceisrelevanttothecase.该证据与此案有关。Hiscolorisnotrelevanttowhetherhe'sagoodlawyerornot.他的肤色与他是否是一个好律师无关。berelevantto与…有关relevantlyad.有关联地;relevancen.关联,irrelevant无关的transmissionn.l.[U]传播,传送thetransmissionofnews/disease消息的传达/疾病的传播2.[C]aradioortelevisionbroadcast广播或电视播送alivetransmissionfromBeijing来自北京的现场直播datetransmission数据传送Millionswouldhearthattransmission.将有数百万人听到那次广播节目。thetransmissionofdiseases疾病的传播transmitvt,播送,发射,传送hollowa.1.无价值的,空洞的,虚伪的ahollowvictory没有价值的胜利Willtheirgoodintentionsbecomerealitiesorhollowpromises?他们的好意会变成现实还是成为空话?2.中空的，空心的hollowblocks空心石专guarantee:n.&misewithcertainty保证,担保Thewatchisguaranteedforthreeyears.这只手表保修三年。Thereisnoguaranteethatitwillbeniceweathertomorrow.无法保证明天将有个好天气2.[C]保证;(尤指)商品使用保证书Thesystemcosts$150,includingpostage,packinganda12-monthguarantee.这个系统售价150美元,包括邮费、包装费和12个月的使用保证。guaranteesb.againststh.保证某人免受…guaranteesth.（tosb.）（向某人）担保某事 underguarantee在保修期内6.interpretv.L解释,说明,理解Canyouinterpretthemeaningofthesepassages7你能解释一下这几篇文章的意思吗?Iinterpretedhersmileas叩provaL我把她的微笑理解为赞同。2.翻译,口译Idon'tspeakChinese;willyouinterpretwhatshesaysforme?我不会说中文,请你把她说的话翻译给我听好吗?interpretforsb.为某人翻译interpret...as...把…理解为…interpretern.译员,U译者;interpretationn.解释,说明,翻译interpretativea.解释的,说明的［辨析］:Interpret仅指口头翻译。translate兼指口头和笔头翻译。フ.sacrificen.［U］牺牲v.牺牲,献出Wehadtomakesacrificesandgowithoutentertainmentinordertopayforourchildren'seducation.为T支付孩子们的教育费用,我们放弃娱乐,做出牺牲。Hesacrificedhislifetryingtosavethechildfromtheburninghouse.为了把这个孩子从着火的房子里救出来,他献出了自己的生命。Thepeoplearepreparedtosacrificeeverythingtoachievevictory.人们已做好准备为取得胜利而献出一切。［习］:sacrificefor为…而牺牲makesacrifices/asacrifice做出牺牲sacrificiala.牺牲的,献祭的pursuevt.1.trytoachieve追求,从事pursuehappiness追求幸福Sheisruthlessinpursuinghergoals/aims/objectives.她在追求她的H标时冷酷无情。Theytriedtopursuepeacewithhim.他们试图向他求和。2.追赶,追击Thepolicepursuedthewrongcar.警察追错了汽车。［派生］:pursuitn.追求,追赶;pursuern.追求者,追赶者［同义词］:chase追赶,追踪passionn.l.［U,C］激情,热情anintensepassion强烈的感情apatrioticpassion爱国热情Theyarequitewithoutpassion.他们丝毫没有激情。2.［U,C］热爱,强烈的爱好Shehadapassionforchocolate.她特别喜欢吃巧克カ。Youmayhavepassionforher,butitisnotlove.你也许I・分喜欢她,但这不是爱情。［习］:haveapassionfor...对 有强烈的爱好haveapassiontodosth.强烈希望做某事［派生］:passionatea,热情的,感情强烈的passionlessa.无热情的passionala.热情的10.scatterv.（使）分散,驱散;撒播Thestudentsscatteredinalldirections.学生们朝各个方向散去。Thesoldierscameinandscatteredthecrowd.士兵进来把人群驱散了。Iscatteredgrassseedalloverthelawn.我把草籽撒在整个草坪上。scatter...on/over把...散布（撒）在 Lscattersth.withsth.把某物撒在（某物表面）上scattereda,散布的,分散的;scatteringa.分散的,零乱的regulatevt.L管理,控制HismotherstrictlyregulateshowmuchTVhecanwatch.他母亲严格控制他看电视的量。Hehasawell-regulatedlifestyle,他的生活方式很有规律。2.adjust调节,调理Pleaseregulatethesoundoftheradio.请调ー下收音机的声音。Youcanregulatethetemperatureinthehousebyadjustingthethermostatandradiators.通过调节恒温器和散热器你可以调节屋内温度。［派生］:regulationn,管理,控制,调节;regulatorn,管理者,调整者［辨析］:regulate,manage这两个词均含有“管理”之意。Regulate指通过法规、原则或确立的方式进行管理。Manage强调经营方面的管理,指对具体事物的实际管理或处理,如:Hemanagedthecompanyinsteadofhisfather.他代替父亲管理公司〇mo(u)ldv.l.guideorcontrolthedevelopmentofsb./sth.;shapeorinfluencesb./sth,把 塑造成,使形成Firmdisciplinehelpsmouldachild*scharacter.严格的纪律有助于塑造孩子的性格。Ihatethewayyou'realwaystryingtomouldmeintosomethingyouwantmetobe.我讨厌你总想把我变成你希望我成为的那种人。2.shapeasoftsubstanceintoaparticularformorobject浇铸,用模子制作Theplasticisgoingtobemoldedintoplates.这塑料将被制成盘子。［习惯用法］:mold...from/outof…用...塑造...〇…将 塑成…［派生］:moldern.制模エ,铸エmoldingn.模制,压模moldya.发霉的sustainvt.keepsth.inexistence维持，使继续Theproblemwashowtocreateandsustainpublicinterest.问题是如何引起公众的兴趣并使之经久不衰。［习］:makeasustainedeffort做不懈的努力sustainadefeat/loss/aninjury遭到失败/损失/伤害同义词］:support支撑;maintain维持,保持;undergo遭受B:UsefulPhrasessubject...to:(usu.passive)makesb.experiencesth.unpleasant(常用被动形式)使遭遇(不愉快之事)Inrecentyears,shehasbeensubjectedtoattacksofdepressions.近年来,她一再受到忧郁症的侵扰。Theyhavebeensubjectedtounjusttreatmentfortoolong.他们长时间受着不公正的待遇。［辨析］:besubjectedto,besubjecttoBesubjectedto意为“服从于,使遭受……二Besubjectto意为“常患/常遭……5受……支配”,如:Areyousubjecttocolds?你常患感冒吗?takeoffense:feelupsetorinsulted生气,见怪Yourparentswilltakeoffenceifyouleaveearly.如果你早走的话，你父母会见怪的。Hetakesoffenceattheslightesteritieism.他听至リー点点批评就生气。lookbackon:thinkaboutorremembersth.thathappenedinthepast回顾，回忆IalwayslookbackonthosedaysIspentinBritain.我总是回想起我在英国度过的岁月。Itwasn*tsuchanexcitingexperiencewhenIlookbackonit.当我回想起它的时候,觉得不是一个那么令人激动的经历。ifanything:ifanythingdefinitecanbesaid,thisisit如果有 的话,甚至于还Yoursuggestioncouldonlymakethingsworseifanything.你的建议只会使事情变得Theweatherforecastisnotforwarmerweather;ifanything,itisexpectedtobecooler.天气预报说天气不会转暖,如果有变化的话,只会变得更凉。comeapart:failorstopworkingeffectively;separateintopieces破裂，朋溃，解体Howisitthattheumbrellahascomeapart?这把伞怎么已经散架了?Ipickeduptheoldbookanditjustcameapartinmyhands.我拣起那本旧书,它就在我手中散开了。atwill:asonewishes任意,随便Youarefreetocomeandgoatwill.你来去自由。Theanimalsareallowedtowanderatwillinthepark.允许动物在公园里自由走动。byvirtueof:onaccountof;becauseof由于Shesucceededbyvirtueofherhardworkratherthanhertalent.她成功靠的是刻苦努力而不是天生才智。Theplayerdefeatedhisrivalsbyvirtueofgreaterexperience.这位选手凭借更丰富的经验战胜了对手。betteroff:happierormoreateaseinaspecifiedsiteorposition;findoneselfinamorefavorablefinancialstate比较幸福,更幸运,更自在We'dbebetteroffwithoutthenoisefromtheneighboringfactory.要是没有附近工厂的噪音,我们要舒适得多。Theweatherwassobadthatwe'dhavebeenbetteroffstayingathome.天气这么糟,我们呆在家里反而好。takeoutone'sangeronsb.:treatsb.badlybecauseoneisupsetorangry,eventhoughtheyhavedonenothingwrong向某人发泄自己的愤怒Shetendedtotakeherfrustrationsoutonchildren.她往往把气发在孩子们身上。OK,soyouhadabadday.Don'ttakeitoutonme.好吧,你今天过得糟透了,但不要拿我出气。resultin:have(sth.)asanoutcomeorconsequence结果，导致Whatthiswillresultin,onlythefuturecantell.这件事的结果如何，只有将来才知道。Theearthquakelastyearresultedinthedeathofadozenofpeople.去年的地震导致了十几人死亡。［辨析］:Resultin意为“导致，结果"。Resultfrom意为“起因于,因 而千造成"，如:Theterribleaccidentresultedfromhiscarelessness.那桩可怕的意外事件是由于他的粗心大意引起的。takeon:acceptaparticularjoborresponsibilityandbegintodowhatisneeded承扌ロ.，开始イ故Don'ttakeonmorethanyoucanhandle.不要承担超出你能力范围的任务。WhenItookthisjobonIdidn'texpectittotakeallthistime.我接受这工作时没想到会花这么多时间。HI.DetailedStudyoftheTextAtdinnerafterwardsIwassubjectedtoahostilequizzingbyagroupofwomenintheirthirtieswhoclaimedthatmywholeanalysisignoredthemostbasicchangeofall.(Para.1)Meaning:AtthefollowingdinnerIwasquestionedinanunfriendlymannerbyagroupofwomenintheirthirties,whostatedthatmywholeanalysisfailedtoconsiderthemostbasicaspectoffamilychange.Lookingbackonit,Ifindtheywereright,butthisrisingtideofchangeisitselftheproblem.(Para.3)Meaning:WhenIthinkaboutwhattheysaid,Ifindtheywereright,butthistrendofchangeitselfcreatessomeproblems.Familyis,ifanything,thelinkbetweengenerations...(Para.3)Meaning:Familycanbedefinedasthelinkbetweengenerations...It'snotjusta"bigstadium"whereeveryonecanenjoytheshow.(Para.3)Meaning:Familyisnotaplacewhereeveryonecancometohavetheirenjoymentandthengo,butaplacewhereparentshavetheirdutyandresponsibility.Bothmarriageandfamilyinvolvelong-termobligationsandresponsibilityforsharedcare,notjustthesearchofhappiness,thathollowgoalofthemodemage.(Para.3)Meaning:Bothmarriageandfamilyincludeastheirimportantpartslong-termdutiesandresponsibilitytotakecareofeachother,notjustlookingforhappiness,whichisanemptygoalofthemodemtime.Themodemnuclearfamilywasrootedinthedesiretolivehappilyinamoreequalmarriage,wheretheraisingofchildrenandtheinvestmentofbothparentsinthechildren'sliveswereguaranteedbybondsoffriendshipbetweentheparents,whichwerebasedonrationallove.(Para.4)Meaning:Themodemnuclearfamilydevelopedfromandwasstronglyinfluencedbythedesiretohaveahappylifeinamoreequalmarriage,inwhichtheraisingofchildrenandthecontributionofbothparentstothechildren'sliveswereensuredbythefriendlytiebasedonthesensiblelovebetweentheparents.Themodemnuclearfamily...(Para.4)Note:nuclearfamily:afamilyunitthatconsistsonlyofhusband,wifeandchildren...Thereisanaturaltendencyfbranyrelationshipbasedonvoluntaryaffectiontocomeapart,butmarriageprovidestheglueneededtokeepacoupletogetherbyprovidingtiesoffamily,inconjunctionwiththeobligationsofparentstochildren.(Para.5)Meaning:Itisquitelikelythatanyrelationshipdevelopedfromvoluntaryaffectionwillend,butmarriage,togetherwiththeobligationsofparentstochildren,keepstherelationshipstablethroughtiesoffamily.WhatpeoplecallthenewLoveFamily,unfortunately,hasreplacedapermanentrelationshipwithanewidealofunlimitedchoice.(Para.5)Meaning:Itisunfortunatethattheso-callednewLoveFamilyhastakentheplaceofapermanentrelationshipamongfamilymemberswithanewidealthatonecanchooseordivorceone'smarriagepartnerasonelikes.Ifmarriageexistsonlyasaromanticrelationshipthatcanbeendedatwill,andfamilyexistsonlybyvirtueofbondsofaffection,bothmarriageandfamilycomesecondtothesearchfbrlove.(Para.7)Meaning:Ifyougetmarriedsimplytoseekaromanticrelationshipthatyoucanendasyoulike,andiftheexistenceoffamilyisonlythroughfeelingsoflove,marriageandfhmilybecomelessimportantthanthesearchoflove.Underthisscheme,individualsattempttomarchtowardsmaximumhappinessastheymovethroughaprocessionofmoreorlesssatisfyingromanticrelationships.(Para.7)Meaning:Accordingtothisunderstandingofloveandfamily,individualstrytogothroughaseriesofdifferentromanticrelationships,pursuingasgreathappinessaspossible.Children,relatives,andthetiesofmutualobligationandcareareleftbehind,withnoplacetogo.(Para.7)Meaning:Children,relatives,andtheresponsibilityandcareinvolvedinmarriageareignoredtheydemandsacrificeandunselfishness,along-terminvestmentoftheparents'timeandmoney.(Para.8)Meaning:...theyaskfbrtheparents'givingupsomevaluablethingsandattachingmoretimeorimportancetotheirneedsandwishes,whichrequiresalong-timecontributionoftheparents'timeandmoney.Thegloryofburningpassionmaywellhavefaded,andyourlovefbryourwifeorhusbandmaynotbeasexcitingorsatisfyingasitoncewas,butgoingoffinsearchofanotherlovewillnothelpyourchildren.(Para.9)Meaning:Thestrongfeelingsoflovemaywellhavecooled,andyouraffectionfbryourwifeorhusbandmaybelessexcitingorlesssatisfyingthanbefore,butstartingtolookforanotherromanticrelationshipwillbringnobenefittoyourchildrenorit'stoounstable,withadultsmovingoniftherelationshipnolongeranswerstheirsearchfbrperfecthappiness.(Para.9)Meaning:...orthefamilyislikelytochangeveryoften,withadultssettingoffinsearchofanotherrelationshipifthepresentonenolongersatisfiestheirdemandofperfecthappiness.Whatdivorcedoesistodamagechildren,makingthemintorefugeesasthepeopleintheirlivesscatterinalldirections.(Para.10)Meaning:Divorcedoesgreatharmtochildren,whoareneglectedwithnoonetocareaboutthem,asthepeopleintheirlivesleavethemfbrdifferentplaces.Iacknowledgethatsomechildrenarebetteroffwithoutaviolentfather,afamilyincomewastedondrinkingorgambling,orunhappyparentstakingouttheirangeroneveryoneinthefamily.(Para.10)Meaning:...Iadmitit'struethatsomechildrenwilllivemorehappilywithoutaviolentfather,withoutafamilyincomewastedondrinkingorgambling,orwithoutparentswhoexpresstheirangerbymakingeveryfamilymembersufferitresultsinpovertyfbrmanywomenandchildren...(Para.11)Meaning:...it(divorce)brings,asaresult,povertytomanywomenandchildren...Andcompletefreedomwillfinallybecomeourchain,leavinguswithnochoicebuttoliveinloneliness,withnoonewhoneedstocareaboutus.(Para.12)Meaning:Andcompletefreedomwilldenyusallfreedomintheend,makingushavenochoicebuttostaylonelyandreceivenocarefromothers.BookFourUnitTwoSectionACharlieChaplinInformationaboutCharlieChaplinCharlieChapinwasbomon16lhApril1889,inWalworth,apoorareaofsouthLondon.Hismotherwasmentallyill.DickensmighthavecreatedCharlie'schildhood,butonlyCharlieChaplincouldhavecreatedthegreatcomiccharacterofthe“tramp”,alittlemaninragswhogavehiscreatorpermanentfame.Hewasanimmenselytalentedman,whowasdeterminedtoadegreeunusualeventheranksofHollywoodstars,hishugefamegavehimboththefreedomandmoreimportantly,themoney,andhisfatewastotallychangedaswell.ChaplindiedonChristmasdayof1977,asagreatcomic,hiswayofhavinglaughonworldwasalwaysrememberedbytherestoftheworld.DetailintroductionofCharlieChaplinCharlieChaplinwasbornonApril16,1889inLondon.Herfatherwasanentertainerandalthoughnotoneofthebignames,hewasdoingverywell.HermotherHannahwasalsoanentertainer.Awonderfulmimic,shehadasweet,charmingvoice.Whiletheywerebynomeans[l]rich,themusichallprovidedtheChaplinswithacomfortableliving.Unfortunatelyhappylifedidn*tlastlong.Father'salcoholismwasslowly,butsurelydestroyinghismarriage.Finallyitendedindivorce,butHannahwasindomitable[2].Withouther,CharlieChaplinwouldhavebecomejustonemorechildlostinthepovertyofVictorianLond