manic-depression躁狂症幻灯片

Manicdepression

Bipolardisorderwasformerlycalled

manicdepression.Itisaformofmajoraffectivedisorder,or

mooddisorder,definedbymanicorhypomanicepisodes(changesfromone'snormalmoodaccompaniedbyhighenergystates).

Bipolardisorder

isaseriouscondition.

Maniaofteninvolvessleeplessness,sometimesfordays,alongwithhallucinations,

psychosis,grandiosedelusions,orparanoidrage.Inaddition,depressiveepisodescanbemoredevastatingandhardertotreatthaninpeoplewhoneverhavemaniasorhypomanias.WhatAretheSignsofManiainBipolarDisorder?WhatAretheDepressionSymptomsofBipolarDisorder?At

What

Age

Is

Bipolar

Disorder

Usually

Diagnosed?What

Causes

Bipolar

Disorder?What

Is

Bipolar

Disorder?WhatIsBipolarIIDisorder?WhatAreSignsofHypomaniainBipolarIIDisorder?HowIsBipolarDisorderDiagnosed?HowIsBipolarDisorderTreated?123456789

isacomplexdisorderthatlikelystemsfromacombinationofgeneticandnon-geneticfactors.Themoodepisodesassociatedwithitinvolve

clinicaldepressionormania(extremeelationandhighenergy)withperiodsofnormalmoodandenergyinbetweenepisodes.Theseverityofmoodepisodescanrangefromverymildtoextreme,andtheycanhappengraduallyorsuddenlywithinatimeframeofdaystoweeks.Whendiscretemoodepisodeshappenfourormoretimesperyear,theprocessiscalledrapidcycling.Rapidcyclingshouldnotbeconfusedwithveryfrequentmoment-to-momentchangesinmood,whichcansometimesoccurinpeoplewithbipolardisorderorotherconditionssuchas

borderlinepersonalitydisorder.Alongwithmanicordepressiveepisodes,patientswithbipolardisordermayhavedisturbancesinthinking.Theymayalsohavedistortionsofperceptionandimpairmentinsocialfunctioning.1Likewithothermooddisorders,the

causesofbipolardisorder

arenotknown.Whatisknownisthatbipolardisorderinvolvesdysregulationof

brain

functioningandsometimeshasageneticcomponent(itcanruninfamilies).2

About90%ofindividualswithbipolarIdisorder,whichisthemoreseriousform,haveatleastonepsychiatrichospitalization.Twooutofthreewillhavetwoormorehospitalizationsintheirlifetime.

3

Theclinical

depressionsymptoms

seenwithbipolardisorderarethesameasthoseseeninmajordepressivedisorderandinclude:Decreasedappetiteand/or

weightloss,orovereatingand

weight

gainDifficultyconcentrating,remembering,andmakingdecisionsFatigue,decreasedenergy,being"sloweddown"Feelingsofguilt,worthlessness,helplessnessFeelingsofhopelessness,pessimismInsomnia,early-morningawakening,or

oversleepingLossofinterestorpleasureinhobbiesandactivitiesthatwereonceenjoyed,including

sexPersistentphysicalsymptomsthatdonotrespondtotreatment,suchas

headaches,

digestivedisorders,andchronicpainPersistentlysad,anxious,or"empty"moodsRestlessness,irritabilityThoughtsofdeathor

suicide,suicideattempts4

Thesignsofmaniainbipolardisorderinclude:Disconnectedandveryfast(racing)thoughtsGrandiosebeliefsInappropriateelationoreuphoriaInappropriateirritabilityInappropriatesocialbehaviorIncreasedsexualdesireIncreasedtalkingspeedorvolumeMarkedlyincreasedenergyPoorjudgmentAdecreasedneedfor

sleep

duetohighenergy5

WhilemaniaisthemaincharacteristicofbipolarIdisorder,bipolarIIhasmilderperiodsofelationknownashypomania.Italsohasepisodesof

majordepression.Accordingtothe

DSM-5,

thediagnosticmanualpublishedbytheAmericanPsychiatricAssociation,thedifferencebetweenmaniaandhypomaniais"thedegreeofseverity"aswellasanabsenceofpsychosis(delusionsorhallucinations)inhypomaniaandnonegativeimpactfrom"high"symptomsinworkandsocialfunctioning.

6

SignsofhypomaniainbipolarIIdisorderinclude:Decreasedneedfor

sleepExtremefocusonprojectsatworkorathomeExuberantandelatedmoodIncreasedconfidenceIncreasedcreativityandproductivityIncreasedenergyand

libidoRecklessbehaviorsRiskypleasure-seekingbehaviors7

Aswithmostmooddisorders,thereisnolaboratorytestorbrain

imagingmethodtodiagnosebipolardisorder.Afterperforminga

physicalexam,yourdoctorwillevaluateyoursignsandsymptoms.Yourdoctorwillalsoaskyouaboutyourpersonalmedicalhistoryandfamilyhistory.Labtestsmaybedonetoruleoutothermedicalillnessesthatcanaffectmood.

Inaddition,yourdoctormaywanttotalkwithfamilymemberstoseeiftheycanidentifytimeswhenyouwereelatedandover-energized.Becauseelationmayfeelgoodorevennormalwhencomparedto

depression,it'softenhardforapersonwithbipolardisordertoknowifthemoodwastoohigh.Maniaoftenaffectsthinking,judgment,andsocialbehaviorinwaysthatcauseseriousproblemsandembarrassment.Forexample,unwisebusinessorfinancialdecisionsmaybemadewhenanindividualisinamanicphase.Soearlydiagnosisandeffectivetreatmentisveryimportantwithbipolardisorder.8

Treatmentforbipolardisordermayincludetheuseofmoodstabilizerssuchas

lithium.Certainanticonvulsants,antipsychotics,andbenzodiazepinesmayalsobeusedtostabilizemood.Sometimes

antidepressants

aregivenincombinationwithmoodstabilizerstoboostthedepressedmood,although

antidepressants

areoftennotaseffectiveassomemoodstabilizersorcertainatypicalantipsychoticsfor

treatingdepression

inbipolardisorder.who???Sufferfromdepression

Whoishe?DepressionFamily

Education

Career

RobinWilliamssuicide

Williams'motherwasLaurieMcLaurin,aformermodelandgreat-granddaughtertoMississippisenatorandgovernorAnselmJ.McLaurin.

Hisfather,RobertFitzgeraldWilliams,wasaseniorexecutiveinFordMotorCompany'sLincoln-MercuryDivision.

Williamshadtwobrothers:

RobertToddWilliamsandMcLaurinSmith.Williamsmarriedhisfirstwife,ValerieVelardi,onJune4,1978andtheirson,ZacharyPymWilliams,wasbornin1983.

Thecoupledivorcedin1988afterWilliamshadanaffairwithMichelleTishCarter,acocktailwaitresshemetin1984.OnApril30,1989,hemarriedMarshaGarces,hisson'snanny,whowaspregnantwithhisdaughterZeldaRae(bornthatsameyear).

In1991,GarcesalsogavebirthtoasonnamedCodyAlan.

Williams'andGarces'divorce,dueto"irreconcilabledifferences,"wasfinalizedin2010.OnOctober23,2011,Williamsmarriedhisthirdandfinalwife,SusanSchneider,agraphicdesigner.

WilliamsattendedpublicelementaryschoolatGortonElementarySchoolandmiddleschoolatDeerPathJuniorHighinLakeForest,Illinois.

Whenhewas12,hisfathermovedthefamilytoBloomfieldHills,Michigan,whereWilliamsattendedDetroitCountryDaySchool.

WhenhisfatherretiredandhisfamilymovedtoWoodacre,California,16-year-oldWilliamsthenattendedRedwoodHighSchool,whichhegraduatedfromin1969.

Notsurprisingly,hewasvotedas"Funniest"byhisclassmates.WilliamsfolloweduphishighschooleducationbyattendingClaremontMen'sCollegeinClaremont,California,studyingpoliticalscience,butlaterdroppedouttostudytheaterattheCollegeofMarininKentfieldCalifornia.

Itwasduringhistimeherethatitbecamecleartohisdramaprofessor,JamesDunn,justhowtalentedWilliamswaswhenhewould

sometimesimprovise,leavinghisclassmateslaughinghysterically.

Lateonenightafterrehearsal,DunnpredictedtohiswifethatWilliams"wasgoingtobesomethingspecial."In1973,WilliamswasawardedafullscholarshiptotheJulliardSchoolinNewYorkCity,oneofonly20studentstobeacceptedintothatyear'sfreshmanclassandoneofonlytwostudentstobeacceptedbyJohnHousemanintotheAdvancedProgramthatyear--theotherbeingChristopherReeve.

WilliamHurtandMandyPatinkinwerealsoclassmates.In1976,atthesuggestionofHouseman,WilliamsleftJulliardbecauseHousemansaidthattherewasnothingelsethatJulliardcouldteachhim.

AnotherteacheratJulliard,GeraldFreeman,describedWilliamsasa"genius,"sayingthattheconservativeandclassicalstyleoftrainingattheschooldidnotsuitWilliamsandthathewasnotsurprisedhehadleft.

Throughoutthe'70s,Williamsdevelopedhisstandupact,firstinSanFrancisco,andlaterinLosAngeles.

Healsoappearedonsuchtelevisionshowsas

TheRichardPryorShow,

Laugh-In

and

EightIsEnough

beforefinallyplaying"Mork"in

MorkandMindy,acharacterwhichhewouldforeverberememberedfor,evenafterhefoundgreatfameasamovieactor.

AlthoughWilliamswasinitiallyknownforhiszanyandfast-pacedimprovisationalskills,hesoonprovedthathecouldalsoexcelasaseriousdramaticactor,goingontostarinsuchmoviesas,whereheplayedanirreverentradioDJnamedAdrianCronauer,andin

DeadPoetsSociety,inwhichheplayedafree-thinkingteachernamedJohnKeating.BothearnedhimAcademyAwardnodsforleadactor.

Inaddition,hisroleasapsychologistinthefilm

GoodWillHunting

earnedhimanAcademyAwardforBestSupportingActor.

Amongothermemorablerolesarehisvoiceoverworkas"Genie"inDisney's.

《心灵捕手》(GoodWillHunting)《死亡诗社》(DeadPoetsSociety)

《窈窕奶爸》(Mrs.Doubtfire)《勇敢者的游戏》(Jumanji)

WhatmanydidnotrealizeaboutthecomedicgeniuswhowasRobinWilliamswasthat,whilehegavejoytosomany,hesufferedgreatlyinhispersonallife.

Duringhistimeworkingon

MorkandMindy,hedevelopedproblemswithbothdrugsandalcohol,whichhewouldcontinuetobattlewithformorethantwodecades.OvertheyearsitwasrumoredthatWilliamssufferedfrom

bipolardisorder,althoughhehimselfdeniedhavingeitherbipolardisorderor

clinicaldepression,admittingonlythathedid"getbummedatcertaintimes."

WhenhisdeathduetosuicideoccurredinAugust2014,itcametolightthatWilliamshadbeenstrugglingwithdeepdepression,reportedlyduetoacombinationoffactors,includingseverefinancialproblems,thecancellationofasitcomcalled

TheCrazyOnes--whichheconsideredtobea"personalfailure"-andthefactthathewasintheearlystagesof

Parkinson'sdisease.

Althoughallofthesemayhaveplayedaroleinhisdepression,ithasbeenreportedthattheendofhisshowhithimparticularlyhard,causinghimtocheckintoHazeldenAddictionTreatmentCentertoreceivetreatmentforhisdepression.

Unfortunatelyforallwholovedandadmiredthebrilliantfunnyman,itwasnotenoughtohelppullhimoutofhisdespair.

OntheeveningofAugust10,atabout10:30p.m.,hiswifeSusanwasthelasttoseehimaliveassheheadedofftobed.

Thenextmorning,whenhispersonalassistantcametocheckonhimat11:45a.m.,hiscoldandlifelessbodywasfoundwithabeltaroundhisneck,theotherendwedgedbetweentheclosetdoorandthedoorframe.

ActorandsingerQiaoRenliang’ssuddendeathcameasashocktomanyfans.Buthisagent’srevelation,implyingthatthe28-year-oldcouldhavekilledhimself,hasbroughtanothershockwave.Inanannouncement,theactor’sagentsaidhissuicidecouldhavebeentriggeredbydepression,whichwastheresultof“workoverload,falsereportingandslandering.”

Qiao,alsoknownasKimi,isknownforhisrolesintwodozenmoviesandanumberofTVseries,includingthepopular“MyHero”realityshow.

WhilesingingandactinghelpedgainpopularityfortheShanghainative,allthatloveturnedsourlastyearwhenhesharedaWeibopost,praisingthefirefightersfortheirsacrificesintheaftermathoftheTianjinblastsinAugust.

However,manyChinesenetizensmisinterpretedQiao’spost–theythoughthewasn’tsincereenough.

Soon,peoplemaskedbehindtheircomputerscreensstartedtrollingtheactor,accusinghimofbeinginsensitivetowardtheincident.

Tiredoftheonlinetirade,Qiaomadeatruce–heapologized,deletedhispostandthendonatedonemillionyuantofamiliesofthefallensoldiers.Withtime,thoughthewoundfromtheviciousinternetattackseemedtoheal,itsscaralwaystraumatizedtheyoungactor.Itlefthimdistressedanddepressed,andheoftenresortedtosleepingpillsanasanswertoinsomnia.

Alltheeventsultimatelyledtohisuntimelydeath.

Ascelebritiesandtheirliveshavebecomemoreaccessibleinahighlydigitalworld,scrutinyontheirpublicandpersonalspherehasonlybecomedeeperanduglier.Whiletheyhavemillionsoffansrallyinginsupportonline,therearealsoequalnumberoftrollswhospewhatredandcriticismstotheextentthatitdiminishestheirstardom,andinsomecasesaffectingthempsychologically.

AndintheaftermathofQiao’sdeath,thenegativityonlyseemstohavespilledfurther,asthefoulnetizenswentafteractressJoeChen.Theyareslamminghisco-starandclosefriendfornotpubliclymourningQiao’sdeath–onWeibo.

Chen’sagenthoweverclarifiedthattheactresswasoverwhelmedwithgrief.

Andasastarfadesfromthereallifelimelight,hisdeathhasonceagainignitedthediscussiononmentalhealthandalsotheill-effectsfromthespateofcyber-bullyingandcyber-violencethatissilentlytakingatollonhundredsandthousandsofpeopleacrosstheworld.

Postnataldepression(PND)

SujataSetia,aftera26-hourlabour,theformerTVnewsjournalistandradiopresenterstruggledtobondwithherdaughterandfelt'angryandungrateful'aboutbeingamother.IfeelextremelyguiltyaboutpushingAayatawayasanewborn,butthephysi