2016年专业英语八级考试真题【含答案】VIP

SECTIONAMINI-LECTUREInthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.Youwillhearthemini-lectureONCEONLY.Whilelisteningtothemini-lecture,pleasecompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONEandwriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachgap.Makesuretheword(s)youfillinis(are)bothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayusetheblanksheetfornote-taking.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthegap-fillingtask.Nowlistentothemini-lecture.Whenitisover,youwillbegivenTHREEminutestocheckyourwork.SECTIONBINTERVIEWInthissectionyouwillhearONEinterview.TheinterviewwillbedividedintoTWOparts.Attheendofeachpart,fivequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.BoththeinterviewandthequestionswillbespokenONCEONLY.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeaten-secondpause.andmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthequestions.Now,listentothePartOneoftheinterview.Questions1to5arebasedonPartOneoftheinterview.A.Maggie’suniversitylife.

B.Hermom’slifeatHarvard.

C.Maggie’sviewonstudyingwithMom.

D.Maggie’sopiniononhermom’smajor.A.Theytakeexamsinthesameweeks.

B.Theyhavesimilarlecturenotes.

C.Theyapplyforthesameinternship.

D.Theyfollowthesamefashion.

A.Havingroommates.

B.Practicingcourttrails.

C.Studyingtogether.

D.Takingnotesbyhand.

A.Protection.

B.Imagination.

C.Excitement.

D.Encouragement.

A.ThinkingofwaystocomfortMom.

B.OccasionalinterferencefromMom.

C.UltimatelycallswhenMaggieisbusy.

D.FrequentcheckonMaggie’sgrades.Now,listentothePartTwooftheinterview.Questions6to10arebasedonPartTwooftheinterview.A.Becauseparentsneedtobereadyfornewjobs.

B.Becauseparentslovetoreturntocollege.

C.Becausekidsrequiretheirparentstodoso.

D.Becausekidsfindithardtoadapttocollegelife.

A.Realestateagent.

B.Financier.

C.Lawyer.

D.Teacher.

A.Delighted.

B.Excited.

C.Bored.

D.Frustrated.A.Howtomakeacake.

B.Howtomakeomelets.

C.Toacceptwhatistaught.

D.Toplanafuturecareer.

A.Unsuccessful.

B.Gradual.

C.Frustrating.

D.Passionate.SECTIONAMULTIPLE-CHOICEQUESTIONS(1)Therewasmusicfrommyneighbor’shousethroughthesummernights.Inhisbluegardensmenandgirlscameandwentlikemothsamongthewhisperingsandthechampagneandthestars.AthightideintheafternoonIwatchedhisguestsdivingfromthetowerofhisraftortakingthesunonthehotsandofhisbeachwhilehistwomotor-boatsslitthewatersoftheSound,drawingaquaplanes（滑水板）overcataractsoffoam.OnweekendsMr.Gatsby’sRolls-Roycebecameanomnibus,bearingpartiestoandfromthecitybetweennineinthemorningandlongpastmidnight,whilehisstationwagonscamperedlikeabriskyellowbugtomeetalltrains.AndonMondayseightservants,includinganextragardener,toiledalldaywithscrubbing-brushesandhammerandgarden-shears,repairingtheravagesofthenightbefore.(2)EveryFridayfivecratesoforangesandlemonsarrivedfromafruitererinNewYork–everyMondaythesesameorangesandlemonslefthisbackdoorinapyramidofpulplesshalves.Therewasamachineinthekitchenwhichcouldextractthejuiceoftwohundredorangesinhalfanhour,ifalittlebuttonwaspressedtwohundredtimesbyabutler’sthumb.(3)AtleastonceafortnightacorpsofcatererscamedownwithseveralhundredfeetofcanvasandenoughcoloredlightstomakeaChristmastreeofGatsby’senormousgarden.Onbuffettables,garnishedwithglisteninghors-d’oeuvre（冷盘）,spicedbakedhamscrowdedagainstsaladsofharlequindesignsandpastrypigsandturkeysbewitchedtoadarkgold.Inthemainhallabarwitharealbrassrailwassetup,andstockedwithginsandliquorsandwithcordials（加香甜酒）solongforgottenthatmostofhisfemaleguestsweretooyoungtoknowonefromanother.(4)Byseveno’clocktheorchestrahasarrived–nothinfive-pieceaffairbutawholepitfulofoboesandtrombonesandsaxophonesandviolsandcornetsandpiccolosandlowandhighdrums.Thelastswimmershavecomeinfromthebeachnowandaredressingupstairs;thecarsfromNewYorkareparkedfivedeepinthedrive,andalreadythehallsandsalonsandverandasaregaudywithprimarycolorsandhairshorninstrangenewways,andshawlsbeyondthedreamsofCastile.Thebarisinfullswing,andfloatingroundsofcocktailspermeatethegardenoutsideuntiltheairisalivewithchatterandlaughterandcasualinnuendoandintroductionsforgottenonthespotandenthusiasticmeetingsbetweenwomenwhoneverkneweachother’snames.(5)Thelightsgrowbrighterastheearthlurchesawayfromthesunandnowtheorchestraisplayingyellowcocktailmusicandtheoperaofvoicespitchesakeyhigher.Laughteriseasier,minutebyminute,spilledwithprodigality,tippedoutatacheerfulword.(6)Thegroupschangemoreswiftly,swellwithnewarrivals,dissolveandforminthesamebreath–alreadytherearewanderers,confidentgirlswhoweavehereandthereamongthestouterandmorestable,becomeforasharp,joyousmomentthecenterofagroupandthenexcitedwithtriumphglideonthroughthesea-changeoffacesandvoicesandcolorundertheconstantlychanginglight.(7)Suddenlyoneofthesegypsiesintremblingopal,seizesacocktailoutoftheair,dumpsitdownforcourageandmovingherhandslikeFriscodancesoutaloneonthecanvasplatform.Amomentaryhush;theorchestraleadervarieshisrhythmobliginglyforherandthereisaburstofchatterastheerroneousnewsgoesaroundthatsheisGildaGray’sunderstudyfromtheFolies.Thepartyhasbegun.(8)IbelievethatonthefirstnightIwenttoGatsby’shouseIwasoneofthefewguestswhohadactuallybeeninvited.Peoplewerenotinvited–theywentthere.TheygotintoautomobileswhichborethemouttoLongIslandandsomehowtheyendedupatGatsby’sdoor.OncetheretheywereintroducedbysomebodywhoknewGatsby,andafterthattheyconductedthemselvesaccordingtotherulesofbehaviorassociatedwithamusementparks.SometimestheycameandwentwithouthavingmetGatsbyatall,cameforthepartywithasimplicityofheartthatwasitsownticketofadmission.(9)Ihadbeenactuallyinvited.AchauffeurinauniformcrossedmylawnearlythatSaturdaymorningwithasurprisinglyformalnotefromhisemployer–thehonorwouldbeentirelyGatsby’s,itsaid,ifIwouldattendhis“littleparty”thatnight.Hehadseenmeseveraltimesandhadintendedtocallonmelongbeforebutapeculiarcombinationofcircumstanceshadpreventedit–signedJayGatsbyinamajestichand.(10)DressedupinwhiteflannelsIwentovertohislawnalittleaftersevenandwanderedaroundratherill-at-easeamongswirlsandeddiesofpeopleIdidn’tknow–thoughhereandtherewasafaceIhadnoticedonthecommutingtrain.IwasimmediatelystruckbythenumberofyoungEnglishmendottedabout;allwelldressed,alllookingalittlehungryandalltalkinginlowearnestvoicestosolidandprosperousAmericans.Iwassurethattheyweresellingsomething:bondsorinsuranceorautomobiles.Theywere,atleast,agonizinglyawareoftheeasymoneyinthevicinityandconvincedthatitwastheirsforafewwordsintherightkey.(11)AssoonasIarrivedImadeanattempttofindmyhostbutthetwoorthreepeopleofwhomIaskedhiswhereaboutsstaredatmeinsuchanamazedwayanddeniedsovehementlyanyknowledgeofhismovementsthatIslunkoffinthedirectionofthecocktailtable–theonlyplaceinthegardenwhereasinglemancouldlingerwithoutlookingpurposelessandalone.ItcanbeinferredformPara.1thatMr.Gatsby______throughthesummer.entertainedguestsfromeverywhereeveryweekendinvitedhisgueststorideinhisRolls-Royceatweekendslikedtoshowoffbylettingguestsrideinhisvehiclesindulgedhimselfinpartieswithpeoplefromeverywhere

InPara.4,theword“permeate”probablymeans______.perishpushpenetrateperpetrate

ItcanbeinferredformPara.8that______.guestsneedtoknowGatsbyinordertoattendhispartiespeoplesomehowendedupinGatsby’shouseasguestsGatsbyusuallyheldgardenpartiesforinvitedguestsguestsbehavedthemselvesinaratherformalmanner

AccordingtoPara.10,theauthorfelt______atGatsby’sparty.dizzydreadfulfuriousawkwardWhatcanbeconcludedfromPara.11aboutGatsby?Hewasnotexpectedtobepresentattheparties.Hewasbusyreceivingandentertainingguests.Hewasusuallyoutofthehouseattheweekend.Hewasunwillingtomeetsomeoftheguests.PASSAGETWO(1)TheTerm“CYBERCE”wascoinedbyWilliamGibson,ascience-fictionwriter.Hefirstuseditinashortstoryin1982,andexpandedonitacoupleofyearslaterinanovel,“Neuromancer”,whosemaincharacter,HenryDorsettCase,isatroubledcomputerhackeranddrugaddict.InthebookMrGibsondescribescyberceas“aconsensualhallucinationexperienceddailybybillionsoflegitimateoperators”and“agraphicrepresentationofdataabstractedfromthebanksofeverycomputerinthehumansystem.”(2)Hisliterarycreationturnedouttoberemarkablyprescient（有先见之明的）.Cybercehasbecomeshorthandforthecomputingdevices,networks,fibre-opticcables,wirelesslinksandotherinfrastructurethatbringtheinternettobillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.Themyriadconnectionsforgedbythesetechnologieshavebroughttremendousbenefitstoeveryonewhousesthewebtotapintohumanity’scollectivestoreofknowledgeeveryday.(3)Butthereisadarkersidetothisextraordinaryinvention.Databreachesarebecomingeverbiggerandmorecommon.Lastyearover800mrecordswerelost,mainlythroughsuchattacks.AmongthemostprominentrecentvictimshasbeenTarget,whosechiefexecutive,GreggSteinhafel,stooddownfromhisjobinMay,afewmonthsafterthegiantAmericanretailerrevealedthatonlineintrudershadstolenmillionsofdigitalrecordsaboutitscustomers,includingcredit-anddebit-carddetails.Otherwell-knownfirmssuchasAdobe,atechcompany,andeBay,anonlinemarketplace,havealsobeenhit.(4)Thepotentialdamage,though,extendswellbeyondsuchcommercialincursions.WiderconcernshavebeenraisedbytherevelationsaboutthemasssurveillancecarriedoutbyWesternintelligenceagenciesmadebyEdwardSnowden,acontractortoAmerica’sNationalSecurityAgency(NSA),aswellasbythegrowingnumbersofcyber-warriorsbeingrecruitedbycountriesthatseecyberceasanewdomainofwarfare.America’spresident,BarackObama,saidinaWhiteHousepressreleaseearlierthisyearthatcyber-threats“poseoneofthegravestnational-securitydangers”thecountryisfacing.(5)Securingcyberceishardbecausethearchitectureoftheinternetwasdesignedtopromoteconnectivity,notsecurity.ItsfoundersfocusedongettingittoworkanddidnotworrymuchaboutthreatsbecausethenetworkwasaffiliatedwithAmerica’smilitary.Ashackersturnedup,layersofsecurity,fromantivirusprogramstofirewalls,wereaddedtotrytokeepthematbay.Gartner,aresearchfirm,reckonsthatlastyearorganizationsaroundtheglobespent$67billiononinformationsecurity.(6)Onthewhole,thesedefenseshaveworkedreasonablywell.Forallthetalkabouttheriskofa“cyber9/11”,theinternethasprovedremarkablyresilient.Hundredsofmillionsofpeopleturnontheircomputerseverydayandbankonline,shopatvirtualstores,swapgossipandphotoswiththeirfriendsonsocialnetworksandsendallkindsofsensitivedataoverthewebwithoutilleffect.Companiesandgovernmentsareshiftingevermoreservicesonline.(7)Butthetaskisbecomingharder.Cyber-security,whichinvolvesprotectingbothdataandpeople,isfacingmultiplethreats,notablycybercrimeandonlineindustrialespionage,bothofwhicharegrowingrapidly.ArecentestimatebytheCentreforStrategicandInternationalStudies(CSIS),putstheannualglobalcostofdigitalcrimeandintellectual-propertytheftat$445billion–asumroughlyequivalenttotheGDPofasmallishrichEuropeancountrysuchasAustria.(8)Toaddtotheworries,thereisalsotheriskofcyber-sabotage.Terroristsoragentsofhostilepowerscouldmountattacksoncompaniesandsystemsthatcontrolvitalpartsofaneconomy,includingpowerstations,electricalgridsandcommunicationsnetworks.Suchattacksarehardtopulloff,butnotimpossible.Oneprecedentisthedestructionin2010ofcentrifuges（离心机）atanuclearfacilityinIranbyacomputerprogramknownasStuxnet. (9)Butsucheventsarerare.Thebiggestday-to-daythreatsfacedbycompaniesandgovernmentagenciescomefromcrooksandspookshopingtostealfinancialdataandtradesecrets.Forexample,smarter,better-organizedhackersaremakinglifetougherforthecyber-defenders,butthereportwillarguethatevensoanumberofthingscanbedonetokeepeveryonesaferthantheyarenow.(10)Oneistoensurethatorganizationsgetthebasicsofcyber-securityright.Alltoooftenbreachesarecausedbysimpleblunders,suchasfailingtoseparatesystemscontainingsensitivedatafromthosethatdonotneedaccesstothem.Companiesalsoneedtogetbetteratanticipatingwhereattacksmaybecomingfromandatadaptingtheirdefencesswiftlyinresponsetonewthreats.Technologycanhelp,ascanindustryinitiativesthatallowfirmstoshareintelligenceaboutriskswitheachother.(11)Thereisalsoaneedtoprovideincentivestoimprovecyber-security,betheycarrotsorsticks.Oneideaistoencourageinternet-serviceproviders,orthecompaniesthatmanageinternetconnections,toshouldermoreresponsibilityforidentifyingandhelpingtocleanupcomputersinfectedwithmalicioussoftware.Anotheristofindwaystoensurethatsoftwaredevelopersproducecodewithfewerflawsinitsothathackershavefewersecurityholestoexploit.(12)Anadditionalreasonforgettingtechcompaniestogiveahigherprioritytosecurityisthatcyberceisabouttoundergoanothermassivechange.Overthenextfewyearsbillionsofnewdevices,fromcarstohouseholdappliancesandmedicalequipment,willbefittedwithtinycomputersthatconnectthemtothewebandmakethemmoreuseful.Dubbed“theinternetofthings”,thisisalreadymakingitpossible,forexample,tocontrolhomeappliancesusingsmartphoneappsandtomonitormedicaldevicesremotely.(13)Butunlessthesesystemshaveadequatesecurityprotection,theinternetofthingscouldeasilybecometheinternetofnewthingstobehacked.Plentyofpeopleareeagertotakeadvantageofanyweaknessestheymayspot.Hackingusedtobeaboutgeekycollegekidstappingawayintheirbedroomstoannoytheirelders.Ithasgrownupwithavengeance.CyberceisdescribedbyWilliamGibsonas______.afunctiononlylegitimatecomputeroperatorshavearepresentationofdatafromthehumansystemanimportantelementstoredinthehumansystemanillusionheldbythecommoncomputerusers

WhichofthefollowingstatementsBESTsummarizesthemeaningofthefirstfourparagraphs?Cybercehasmorebenefitsthandefects.Cyberceislikeadouble-edgedsword.Cybercesymbolizestechnologicaladvance.Cybercestillremainsasci-finotion.

AccordingtoPara.5,thedesigningprinciplesoftheinternetandcybercesecurityare______.controversialcomplimentarycontradictorycongruent

Whatcouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?CyberCrimeandItsPrevention.TheOriginofCyberCrime.HowtoDealwithCyberCrime.TheDefinitionofCyberCrime.PASSAGETHREEYoushouldtreatskepticallytheloudcriesnowcomingfromcollegesanduniversitiesthatthelastbastionofexcellenceinAmericaneducationisbeingguttedbystatebudgetcutsandmountingcosts.Whateverelseitis,highereducationisnotabastionofexcellence.Itisshotthroughwithwaste,laxacademicstandardsandmediocreteachingandscholarship.(2)True,theeconomicpressures–fromtheIvyLeaguetostatesystems–areintense.Lastyear,nearlytwo-thirdsofschoolshadtomakemidyearspendingcutstostaywithintheirbudgets.Itisalsotrue(asuniversitypresidentsanddeansargue)thatrelievingthosepressuresmerelybyraisingtuitionsandcuttingcourseswillmakemattersworse.Studentswillpaymoreandgetless.Theuniversitypresidentsanddeanswanttoberedfromfurthergovernmentbudgetcuts.Theircaseisweak.(3)Highereducationisabloatedenterprise.Toomanyprofessorsdotoolittleteachingtotoomanyill-preparedstudents.Costscanbecutandqualityimprovedwithoutreducingthenumberofgraduates.Manycollegesanduniversitiesshouldshrink.Someshouldgooutofbusiness.Consider:Exceptforeliteschools,admissionsstandardsarelow.About70percentoffreshmenatfour-yearcollegesanduniversitiesattendtheirfirst-choiceschools.Roughly20percentgototheirsecondchoices.Mostschoolshaveeagerlyboostedenrollmentstomaximizerevenues(tuitionandstatesubsidies).Dropoutratesarehigh.Halformoreoffreshmendon’tgetdegrees.ArecentstudyofPhDprogramsat10majoruniversitiesalsofoundhighdropoutratesfordoctoralcandidates.Theattritionamongundergraduatesisparticularlysurprisingbecausecollegestandardshaveapparentlyfallen.Onestudyofseventopschoolsfoundwidespreadgradeinflation.In1963,halfofthestudentsinintroductoryphilosophycoursesgotaB–orworse.By1986,only21percentdid.Ifeliteschoolshaverelaxedstandards,thepracticeisalmostsurelywidespread.Facultyteachingloadshavefallensteadilysincethe1960s.Inmajoruniversities,seniorfacultymembersoftendolessthantwohoursadayofteaching.Professorsare“socializedtopublish,teachgraduatestudentsandspendaslittletimeteaching(undergraduates)aspossible,”concludesJamesFairweatherofPennStateUniversityinanewstudy.Facultypayconsistentlyrisesasundergraduateteachingloadsdrop.Universitieshaveencouragedanalmostmindlessexplosionofgraduatedegrees.Since1960,thenumberofmasters’degreesawardedannuallyhasrisenmorethanfourfoldto337,000.Between1965and1989,theannualnumberofMBAs(mastersinbusinessadministration)jumpedfrom7,600to73,100.(4)Evenso,oursystemhasstrengths.Itboastsmanytop-notchschoolsandallowsalmostanyonetogotocollege.Butmediocrityispervasive.Wepushasmanyfreshmenaspossiblethroughthedoor,regardlessofqualifications.Becausebachelors’degreesaresocommon,wecreatemoregraduatedegreesofdubiousworth.DoesanyonebelievetheMBAexplosionhasimprovedmanagement?(5)Youwon’thearmuchaboutthisfromcollegedeansoruniversitypresidents.Theycreatedthismessandareitsbiggestbeneficiaries.Largeenrollmentssupportlargefaculties.Moregraduatestudentsliberatetenuredfacultyfromundergraduateteachingtoconcentrateonwritingandresearch:thesourceofstatus.RichardHuber,aformercollegedean,writesknowinglyinanewbook(“HowProfessorsPlaytheCatGuardingtheCream:WhyWe’rePayingMoreandGettingLessinHigherEducation”...sidents...sidents,deansandtrustees...callformorerecognitionofgoodteachingwithprizesandsalaryincentives.(6)TherealityisclosertotheexperienceofHarvardUniversity’sdistinguishedpaleontologistStephenJayGould:“promotion...tlyhonest,thoughlipserviceisgiventoteaching,Ihaveneverseriouslyheardteachingconsideredinanymeetingforpromotion...Writingisthecurrencyofprestigeandpromotion.”(7)Aboutfour-fifthsofallstudentsattendstate-subsidizedsystems,fromcommunitycollegestoprestigeuniversities.Howgovernorsandstatelegislaturesdealwiththeirbudgetpressureswillbedecisive.Privateschoolswill,forbetterorworse,beinfluencedbystateactions.Thestatesneedtodothreethings.(8)First,creategenuineentrancerequirements.Today’slowstandardstellhighschoolstudents:Youdon’thavetoworkhardtogotocollege.Statesshouldchangethemessagebyraisingtuitionssharplyandcouplingtheincreasewithgenerousscholarshipsbasedonmeritandincome.Togetscholarships,studentswouldhavetopassmeaningfulentranceexams.Ideally,thescholarshipsshouldbeavailableforuseatin-stateprivateschools.Allschoolswouldthencompeteforstudentsonthebasisofacademicqualityandcosts.Today’ssystemofgeneraltuitionsubsidiesprovidesaidtowell-to-dofamiliesthatdon’tneeditortounqualifiedstudentswhodon’tdeserveit.(8)Next,statesshouldraisefacultyteachingloads,mainlyatfour-yearschools.(Teachingloadsatcommunitycollegesarealreadyhigh.)Thiswouldcutcostsandreemphasizetheprimacyofteachingatmostschools.Whatweneedareteacherswhoknowtheirfieldsandcancommunicateenthusiasmtostudents.Notallprofessorscanbepath-breakingscholars.Theexcessiveemphasisonscholarshipgeneratesmanyunreadbooksandmediocrearticlesinacademicjournals.“Youcan’tdomoreofone(research)withoutlessoftheother(teaching),”saysFairweather.“Peopleareworkinghard–it’sjustwherethey’reworking.”(10)Finally,statesshouldreduceoreliminatetheleastusefulgraduateprograms.Journalism(nowdubbed“communications”),businessandeducationareprimecandidates.Alotofwhattheyteachcan–andshould–belearnedonthejob.Ifcollegesanduniversitiesdidabetterjobofteachingundergraduates,therewouldbelessneedforgraduatedegrees.(11)Ourcollegesanduniversitiesneedtoprovideabettereducationtodeservingstudents.Thismaymeansmallerenrollments,butgiventoday’sattritionrates,thenumberofgraduatesneednotdrop.Highereducationcouldbecomeabastionofexcellence,ifwewouldonlytry.ItcanbeconcludedfromPara.3thattheauthorwas______towardstheeducation.indifferentneutralpositivenegative

ThefollowingarecurrentproblemsfacingallAmericanuniversitiesEXCEPT______.highdropoutrateslowadmissionstandardslowundergraduateteachingloadsexplosionofgraduatedegrees

Inordertoensureteachingquality,theauthorsuggeststhatthestatesdoallthefollowingEXCEPT______.setentrancerequirementsraisefacultyteachingloadsincreaseundergraduateprogramsreduceuselessgraduateprograms

“Primecandidates”inPara.10isusedas________.euphemismmetaphoranalogypersonification

Whatistheauthor’smainargumentinthepassage?Americaneducationcanremainexcellentbyensuringstatebudget.Professorsshouldteachmoreundergraduatesthanpostgraduates.Academicstandardarethemainmeanstoensureeducationalquality.Americaneducationcanremainexcellentonlybyraisingteachingquality.SECTIONBSHORTANSWERQUESTIONSPASSAGEONEFromthedescriptionofthepartypreparation,whatwordscanyouseetodepictGatby’sparty?HowdoyousummarizethepartysceneinPara.6?PASSAGETWOWhatdothecasesofTarget,AdobeandeBayinPara.3show?WhydoestheauthorsaythetaskisbecomingharderinPara.7?Whatistheconclusionofthewholepassage?PASSAGETHREEWhatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Theircaseisweak”inPara.2?Whatdoes“gradeinflation”inPara.3mean?WhatdoestheauthormeanwhenhequotesRichardHuberinPara.5?Forawrongword,underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.Foramissingword,markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“∧”signandwritethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.Foranunnecessaryword,crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslash“/”andputthewordintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.ExampleWhen∧artmuseumwantsanewexhibit, (1)anitneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangs (2)neverthemonthewall.Whenanaturalhistorymuseumwantsanexhibition,itmustoftenbuildit. (3)exhibitProofreadthegivenpassageonANSWERSHEETTHREEasinstructed.流逝，表现了南国人对时间最早的感觉。“子在川上曰：逝者如斯夫。”他们发现无论是潺潺小溪，还是浩荡大河，都一去不复返，流逝之际青年变成了老翁而绿草转眼就枯黄，很自然有错阴的紧迫感。流逝也许是缓慢的，但无论如何缓慢，对流逝的恐惧使人们必须用“流逝”这个词来时时警戒后人，必须急匆匆地行动，给这个词灌注一种紧张感。ThefollowingtwoexcerptsareaboutIceBucketChallenge,anactivityinitiatedtoraisemoneyandawarenessforthediseaseALS(渐冻症).Fromtheexcerpts,youcanfindthattheactivityseemstohaveachievedmuchsuccess,buttherehavealsobeendoubtandcriticism.WriteanarticleofNOLESSTHAN300words,inwhichyoushould:summarizethedevelopmentoficebucketchallengeactivity,andthenexpressyouropiniontowardstheactivity,especiallywhethertheproblemfoundwiththiskindofactivitywillfinallyundermineitsoriginalpurpose.Excerpt1U.S.IceBucketChallengeTakesU.S.byStormInthelasttwoweeks,theIceBucketChallenge™hasquiteliterally“soaked”thenation.EveryonefromEthelKennedytoJustinTimberlakehaspouredabucketoficewateroverhisorherheadandchallengedothersdothesameormakeadonationtofightALSwithintwenty-fourhours.BetweenJuly29andtoday,August12,TheALSAssociationandits38chaptershavereceivedanastonishing$4millionindonationscomparedwith$1.12millionduringthesametimeperiodlastyear.TheALSAssociationisincrediblygratefulfortheoutpouringofsupportfromthosepeoplewhohavebeendoused,madeadonation,orboth.“Wehaveneverseenanythinglikethisinthehistoryofthedisease,”saidBarbaraNewhouse,PresidentandCEOofTheALSAssociation.Withonlyabouthalfofthegeneralpublicknowledgeableaboutamyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS),theIceBucketChallengeismakingaprofounddifference.SinceJuly29,TheAssociationhaswelcomedmorethan70,000newdonorstothecause.“Whilethemonetarydonationsareabsolutelyincredible,”saidNewhouse,“thevisibilitythatthisdiseaseisgettingasaresultofthechallengeistrulyinvaluable.PeoplewhohaveneverbeforeheardofALSarenowengagedinthefighttofindtreatmentsandacureforALS.”Excerpt2Icebucketchallenge:who’spouringcoldwaterontheidea?Theicebucketchallengehascertainlyraisedawareness.Whetherthat’sprimarilyofthediseaseforwhichitisraisingfundsorthespeedatwhichimagesofswimsuit-cladcelebritieswillgoviralisalong-termquestion.Morepertinentrightnowiswhetherornotthecrazehasreachedatippingpoint.Asitlivedbysocialmedia,sotheicebucketchallengecoulddiebyit.ThestateofCaliforniaiscurrentlyexperiencingoneoftheworstdroughtsonrecord.Sogesturessuchascompaniesdousingtheirstaffenmasseinhundredsof