考研考博-英语-中山大学南方学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中山大学南方学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Heleftthehouse______unawarethathewasstillwearinghispajamas.

问题1选项

A.assiduously

B.blithely

C.perfunctorily

D.domestically

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A项assiduously“刻苦地，勤勉地”，B项blithely“快活地，无忧无虑地”，C项perfunctorily“敷衍地，潦草地，表面地”，D项domestically“国内地，家庭式地，适合国内地”。由句子意思“他离开了家_______没有意识到他还穿着睡衣”可知，空格处应该填入副词修饰unaware，四个选项中只有C项符合语境。句意：他若无其事地离开了家，没有意识到他还穿着睡衣。因此，该题选择C项正确。

2.单选题

Dialogue

问题1选项

A.20

B.24

C.40

D.42

问题2选项

A.Heisadoctor.

B.Heisateacher.

C.Heisachemist.

D.Heisaphotographer.

问题3选项

A.Onhisforearmandforelegs.

B.Onhisforearmandforehead.

C.Onhisthighsandforelegs.

D.Onhisthighsandforearm.19.

问题4选项

A.Anemia.

B.Influenza.

C.Leukemia.

D.Insomnia.

问题5选项

A.Tocheckthereoccurrenceofthedisease.

B.Todeterminethetypeoffluvirus.

C.Toprepareforbloodtransfusion.

D.Toconfirmthediagnosis.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】W:MisterBaxter.MayIaskyousomequestions?

M:Yes.

W:CanIstartatthebeginning?CanIcheckyourage?

M:Forty-two.

W:Whatsortofworkdoyoudo?

M:I'mateacher.

W:Icanassumeyouhaven’tbeenexposedtoanynasty,toxicchemicals.

M:Wegetfumesfromthephotocopier,butnothingelse.

W:Now,tellmehowlongyou’vebeenonthe?Well.

M:Reallyonlyabout2weeks.

W:Whatwerethemainproblems?

M:Ijustgotweakerandweaker.Iranoutoftheenergyandfaintedintheclinicyesterday.

W:Haveyougotanybruising?

M:Yes.InoticedsomeonmythighsandoneofmyforearmswhereIhadmybloodtaken.

W:Dear.Anybleedingfromthegums?

M:No.

W:Haveyouhadanyproblemwithinfectionrecently?

M:No,Ihadflownabout2monthsago.

W:Hasanyoneinyourfamilyhadbloodproblems?

M:Mygrannyhadanemiaandwastreatedwithiron.

W:Iwasthinkingofmoreseriousblooddiseases.

M:NotthatIknowof.

W:ArethereanyotherthingsyouthinkIshouldknowabout?

M:No.Doyouthinkitisleukemia?Doctor?

W:I’vestillgottotakemorebloodtoconfirmthediagnosis.ButI’veseentheresultsoftheprevioustest.I’mafraidthatisa95%chancethatitisleukemia.Haveyouanyquestionsbeforewetaketheextrablood?

16.Howoldistheman?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：这个男人多少岁？由文中男士回答医生的年龄Forty-two，可知D选项42符合原文。其他选项不符合原文。

17.Whatdoesthemando?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：这个男人是做什么的？由文中看病的男士说“I’mateacher.（我是教师）”，可知B选项“Heisateacher.（他是个教师）”符合原文。A选项“他是个医生”；C选项“他是个化学家”；D选项“他是个摄影师”不符合原文。

18.Wherearetheman’sbruises?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：这个男人的淤青在哪儿？由文中医生提问“Haveyougotanybruising?（你有没有哪里淤青）”以及后面男士的回答“Yes.InoticedsomeonmythighsandoneofmyforearmwhereIhadmybloodtaken.（有的，我的大腿某些地方和前臂的一处充血）”，可知D选项“Onhisthighsandforearm.（在他的大腿和前臂上）”符合原文。A选项“前臂和前腿”；B选项“前臂和前额”；C选项“大腿和前腿”不符合原文。

19.Whatisthemanmostprobablysufferingfrom?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：这个男人哪里最不舒服？由文中医生检查后得出结论“ButI’veseentheresultsoftheprevioustest.I’mafraidthatisa95%chancethatitisleukemia.（但是我看了之前的诊断测试，恐怕有百分之九十五的可能是白血病）”，可知C选项“Leukemia（白血病）”符合原文。A选项“贫血症”；B选项“流行性感冒”；D选项“失眠症”不符合原文。

20.Whydoesthewomanwanttoadministeranotherbloodtest?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：女士为什么要让他再做一次血液检查？由文中“I’vestillgottotakemorebloodtoconfirmthediagnosis.（我还需要采更多的血来测试确诊）”，可知D选项“Toconfirmthediagnosis.（确诊）”。A选项“确诊病是否会复发”；B选项“确定流感病毒的类型”；C选项“准备输血”不符合原文。

3.单选题

Wehopethestudentswould（

）theinformationcontainedinthelecture.

问题1选项

A.associate

B.understand

C.assimilate

D.assess

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。associate“使联合，使发生联系”；understand“理解，获悉，推断”；assimilate“吸收，使同化”；assess“评定，估价”。由句中“informationcontainedinthelecture讲稿中包含的信息”可知C选项“吸收”正确。

4.单选题

Inthevastmajorityofcases,thepopulace（老百姓）tendsto（）economicsuccesswithdemocracy.

问题1选项

A.digest

B.distinguish

C.assimilate

D.identify

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。digest消化,吸收;distinguish区分,一般与from搭配;assimilate吸收,同化;assimilatewith使相似,将...比作...;identify鉴定,识别。句意：在绝大多数情况下,民众倾向于将经济成功与民主等同起来。选项C符合句意。

5.单选题

Scientificjournalscanprovidereliableinformationbecauseoftheprocesscalled"peerreview",inwhichotherscientists(peers)evaluatethevalueandcredibilityofresearchbeforeallowingittoappearinprint.

Peer-reviewisperformedbyknowledgeablescientistswhoarenotdirectlyinvolvedwiththeresearchbeingevaluated.Infact,reviewersareoftenscientificcompetitors.Toremoveanybiasfromthereviewprocess,mostmanuscripts(articlespriortopublication)areconsideredbythreereviewersindependently.Reviewersconsiderthevalidityoftheapproach,thesignificanceandoriginalityofthefinding,itsinterestandtimelinesstothescientificcommunity,andtheclarityofthewriting.Reviewersthenprovidefeedbackonthemanuscripttheyhaveread.Journaleditorsrelyonpeer-reviewfeedbacktoguidetheirpublicationdecisions,andauthorsusereviewerscommentstorefinethetextoftheirmanuscriptandtheexperimentswithin.Journaleditorsmustoccasionallyresolveissuesrelatedtoconflictofinterestamongreviewers;reviewersidentitiesaregenerallynotrevealedtomanuscriptauthors.Thislaterruleisintendedtofreereviewersfromanysocialpressures,allowingthemtoconsideronlythequalityofthesciencebeforethem.

Reviewersareexpectedtokeeptheinformationinamanuscriptconfidentialuntilitispublished,butitisrarethattheworkcomesasacompletesurprisetotheentirescientificcommunity.Thisisbecausepeerreviewisintegratedintoalmosteverystepofscience.

Mostresearchscientistsrequestpublicfundingfortheirexperiments.Fundingdecisionsaremadebyacommitteeofotherscientistswhodebateeachproposal’slikelihoodofsuccess,thevalidityofitsapproach,andtheimportanceofthequestionbeingasked.Oncefunded,theexperimentscanbegin,andpreliminarydataisoftenrevealedatscientificmeetings.Thisallowsthefindingstobedebatedanddefendedwithcolleaguespriortopublication.Oncetheexperimentsarecompleted,amanuscriptiswrittenandcirculatedtoallthosewhocontributedtothework.Manuscriptscommonlyundergoseveralroundsofrevisionbytheauthorsbeforebeingsubmittedtoajournalforpeerreview,Journalsvaryintheirselectivityandfocus.Consequently,manuscriptsarefirstsenttothemostwidelyreadjournallikelytopublishthework.Ifthatjournaldeclinestopublishthemanuscript,itcanbesenttoadifferentjournalforconsideration.

Despitethebesteffortsofreviewers,casesofscientificmisconductdooccurandincorrectorunsubstantiateddatadoesgetpublished.Somecasesturnouttobeelaboratehoaxes.Forexample,in1912CharlesDawsonshowedoffpartsofaskullandjawbonetothepublicandconvincedscientiststhatthefossilsrepresentedthemissinglinkbetweenmanandapeDawson's"PiltdownMan"confusedthescientificcommunityfor40yearsuntilitwasdiscoveredthattheskullwasonly500yearsoldratherthan500,000,andthejawbonewasthatofanorangutan.Inotherinstancesofmisconduct,datainscientificjournalshasbeeninadequatelydocumentedorimproperlyreportedCasesofscientificmisconductarerarebutimportantbecauseofthepublicitytheyreceiveoncetheyarediscovered,erodingthepublic'strustinthepeer-reviewsystemandscienceitself.Tokeepthistypeofconductincheck,scientificarticlesincludedetaileddescriptionsofexperimentalprotocolsthatenableotherstoreproduceexperiments.

1.Scientificjournalsmakeforreliablereadingowingto（

）.

2.Qualifiedpeerreviewers

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Itcanbeinferredthatscientificjournals

（

）.

5.Scientificmisconduct（

）.

问题1选项

A.theliteracyrateofreaders

B.thepracticeofpeerreview

C.thereputationoftheeditors

D.thecooperationamongauthors

问题2选项

A.shouldhavetherelevantexpertiseandvastknowledge

B.fullydominatetheeditorialdecisionsaboutpublication

C.needtodiscusswithotherreviewersforsakeoffairness

D.helprewritethesubmittedmanuscripttoimproveitsquality

问题3选项

A.Conflictsofinterestamongreviewersresultfromresearchgrants.

B.Manuscriptsareusuallypublishedasoriginallysubmittedtoajournal.

C.Reviewers'identitiesarekeptconfidentialtoensureobjectivejudgment.

D.Informationinamanuscriptremainssecretinthescientificcommunity.

问题4选项

A.allowsimultaneoussubmissionandduplicatepublication

B.areforcedtoprovidereliableandcredibleinformationforreaders

C.alwaysmakeresearcharticlesdigitalandopenlyaccessibleonline

D.aremorelikelytopublishresearchfindingsinthefieldtheyspecializein

问题5选项

A.couldbeidentifiedanddetectedeasily

B.emergesastheby-productofthepeer-reviewsystem

C.occurssoinfrequentlythatfewreviewerscareaboutit

D.mayinvolvedatafalsificationorinadequatedocumentation

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Scientificjournalscanprovidereliableinformationbecauseoftheprocesscalled"peerreview"（科学期刊可以提供可靠的信息，是因为被称为“同行评审”的这一过程）可知选B。

第2题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中Peer-reviewisperformedbyknowledgeablescientistswhoarenotdirectlyinvolvedwiththeresearchbeingevaluated.（同行评审是由没有直接参与正在评估研究的知识渊博的科学家进行的）可知A选项“应具备相关的专业知识和广博的知识”符合题意。

第3题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中reviewersidentitiesaregenerallynotrevealedtomanuscriptauthors.Thislaterruleisintendedtofreereviewersfromanysocialpressures,allowingthemtoconsideronlythequalityofthesciencebeforethem.（评审者的身份通常不会透露给原稿作者。这后一条规则旨在让评审者免受任何社会压力的影响，让他们只考虑到他们面前的科学的质量）可知C选项“评审人员的身份是保密的，以确保客观判断”符合题意。

第4题:推理判断题。由文章第四段中Manuscriptscommonlyundergoseveralroundsofrevisionbytheauthorsbeforebeingsubmittedtoajournalforpeerreview,Journalsvaryintheirselectivityandfocus.Consequently,manuscriptsarefirstsenttothemostwidelyreadjournallikelytopublishthework.（原稿在提交给同行评审之前，通常要经过作者的几轮修改，期刊的选择性和侧重点各不相同。因此，原稿首先被送到很可能会发表这篇文章的阅读最广泛的期刊上）可推测科学期刊很可能是发表其专门从事的领域的研究成果。

第5题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段第一句中casesofscientificmisconductdooccurandincorrectorunsubstantiateddatadoesgetpublished（确实会发生科学不当行为，不正确或未经证实的数据也会被公布）可知选D。

6.单选题

Ananalysisoftheideasinthenovelcompelsananalysisoftheformofthework,particularlywhenformandcontentareas（）astheyareinTheHouseoftheSevenGables.

问题1选项

A.symptomatic

B.delineated

C.integrated

D.conspicuous

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：对小说理念的分析使人不得不分析作品的形式，特别是当形式和内容像它们在《凶宅七角楼》里一样（）的时候。

symptomatic有症状的，症候的；delineated描绘；integrated综合的，相互协调的；conspicuous显著的，明显的。选项C“相互协调的”符合题意。

7.单选题

Here’sthescarythingabouttheidentity-theftringthatthefedscrackedlastweek:therewasnothinganyofitsestimated40,000victimscouldhavedonetopreventitfromhappening.Thiswasaninsidejob,accordingtocourtdocuments.Alowlyhelp-deskworkeratTeledataCommunications,asoftwarefirmthathelpsbanksaccesscreditreportsonline,allegedlystolepasswordsforthosereportsandsoldthemtoagroupof20thievesat$60apop.Thatallowedthegangtocherry-pickconsumerswithgoodcreditandapplyforallkindsofaccountsintheirnames,costtothevictims:$3millionandrising.

Evenscarieristhis,thelargestidentity-theftbusttodate,isjustadropinthebitbucket.Morethan700,000Americanshavetheircredithijackedeveryyear.It’soneofcrime’sbiggestgrowthmarkets.Aname,addressandSocialSecuritynumber—whichcanoftenbefoundontheWeb—isallanybodyneedstoapplyforaboguslineofcredit.Creditcompaniesmake$1.3trillionannuallyandloselessthan2%ofthatrevenuetofraud,sothere’slittlefinancialincentiveforthemtomaketheapplicationprocessmoresecure.Asitstandsnow,it’suptoyoutoprotectyouridentity.

Thegoodnewsisthatthereareplentyofstepsyoucantake.Mostcreditthievesareopportunists,notwell-organizedgangs.AlotofthemgoDumpsterdivingforthosemillionsof“pre-approved”credit-cardmailingsthatgoouteveryday.Othersstealwalletsandreturnthem,takingonlyaSocialSecuritynumber.ShreddingyourjunkmailandleavingyourSocialSecuritycardathomecansavealotofagonylater.

Butthemosteffectivewaytokeepyouridentitycleanistocheckyourcreditreportsonceortwiceayear.Therearethreemajorcredit—reportoutfits:Equifax(atE),TransUnion()andExperian(E).Allallowyoutoorderreportsonline,whichisalotbetterthanwadingthroughvoice-mailhellontheir800lines.Ofthethree,1foundTransUnion’swebsitetobethecheapestandmostcomprehensive—layingoutstate-by-stateprices,rightsandtipsforconsumersineasy-to-readfashion.

Ifyou’reluckyenoughtoliveinColorado,Georgia,Maryland,Massachusetts,NewJerseyorVermont,youareentitledtoonefreereportayearbylaw.Otherwiseit’sgoingtocost$8to$14eachtime.Avoidservicesthatoffertomonitoryourreportsyear-roundforabout$70;that’s$10morethanthegoingrateamongthieves.Ifyouthinkyou’reavictimofidentitytheft,youcanaskforfraudalertstobeputonfileateachofthethreecredit-reportcompanies.Youcanalsodownloadatheft-reportformatwww.consumer.gor/idtheft,which,alongwithalocalpolicereport,shouldhelpwheniratecreditorscomeknocking.Justdon’texpectjustice.Thataudacioushelp-deskworkerwasoneofthefewerthan2%ofidentitythieveswhoareevercaught.

1.Whatisthetrendofcredit-theftcrime?

2.Theexpression“insidejob”mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Thecreditorscanprotecttheiridentityinthefollowingwayexcept（）.

4.Whyisiteasytohavecredit-theft?

5.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Tightlysuppressed.

B.Morefrightening.

C.Rapidlyincreasing.

D.Looselycontrolled.

问题2选项

A.acrimethatiscommittedbyapersonworkingforthevictim

B.acrimethatshouldbepunishedseverely

C.acrimethatdoesgreatharmtothevictim

D.acrimethatposesagreatthreattothesociety

问题3选项

A.destroyingyourjunkmail

B.leavingyourSocialSecuritycardathome

C.visitingthecredit-reportwebsiteregularly

D.obtainingthefreereportfromthegovernment

问题4选项

A.Morepeopleareusingcreditservices.

B.Theapplicationprogramisnotsafeenough.

C.Creditorsusuallydisclosetheiridentity.

D.Creditorsarenotcarefulabouttheiridentity.

问题5选项

A.Thedangerofcredit-theft

B.Thelossofthecreditors

C.Howtoprotectyourgoodname

D.Whythecreditorslosetheiridentity

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。定位到文章第二段“Evenscarieristhis,thelargestidentity-theftbusttodate,isjustadropinthebitbucket.Morethan700,000Americanshavetheircredithijackedeveryyear.It’soneofcrime’sbiggestgrowthmarkets”,更可怕的是，这是迄今为止最大规模的身份盗窃案，不过是沧海一粟。每年有超过70万美国人的信用被劫持。这是最大的犯罪增长市场之一。由此可知，信用盗窃犯罪率呈上升趋势。因此C选项符合题意。

2.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第一段“Alowlyhelp-deskworkeratTeledataCommunications,asoftwarefirmthathelpsbanksaccesscreditreportsonline,allegedlystolepasswordsforthosereportsandsoldthemtoagroupof20thievesat$60apop”,TeledataCommunications是一家帮助银行在线获取信用报告的软件公司，据称该公司的一名地位低下的咨询台工作人员窃取了这些报告的密码，并以每份60美元的价格将其卖给了20名盗贼。由此可知，insidejob意味着公司内部人员对受害者犯下的罪行。因此A选项符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由题干关键词定位到文章第三段“ShreddingyourjunkmailandleavingyourSocialSecuritycardathomecansavealotofagonylater”和第四段“Butthemosteffectivewaytokeepyouridentitycleanistocheckyourcreditreportsonceortwiceayear”，相对应选项A、B、C，选项D以偏概全，只适用于特定的几个州，而不是所有的，因此D选项符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第二段“Aname,addressandSocialSecuritynumber—whichcanoftenbefoundontheWeb—isallanybodyneedstoapplyforaboguslineofcredit.Creditcompaniesmake$1.3trillionannuallyandloselessthan2%ofthatrevenuetofraud,sothere’slittlefinancialincentiveforthemtomaketheapplicationprocessmoresecure”,一个名字、地址和社会安全号码——这些可以在网上找到——是任何人申请虚假信用额度所需要的全部。信用公司每年赚1.3万亿美元，但因欺诈而损失的收入不到2%，所以他们没有什么经济动机来提高申请程序的安全性。由此可知，应用程序不够安全是信用卡容易遭到盗窃的原因。因此B选项符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。定位整篇文章内容，从信用盗窃讨论，主要涉及保护个人信息。因此C选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Theteachersuggestedthatherstudents（）experienceswithESP.

问题1选项

A.writeacompositionontheir

B.towritecompositionaboutthe

C.wrotesomecompositionsofhisorher

D.hadwrittenanycompositionsforhis考查虚拟语气。表示建议、要求、命令相关的单词+that引导的宾语从句，从句要用虚拟语气。其形式是should（可以省略）+动词原形。句意：老师建议她的学生写一篇关于他们有关ESP经历的作文。所以本题的正确答案是A选项。

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。表示建议、要求、命令相关的单词+that引导的宾语从句，从句要用虚拟语气。其形式是should（可以省略）+动词原形。句意：老师建议她的学生写一篇关于他们有关ESP经历的作文。所以本题的正确答案是A选项。

9.单选题

Intheearly1950s,historianswhostudiedpreindustrialEurope(whichwemaydefinehereasEuropeintheperiodfromroughly1300to1800)began,forthefirsttimeinlargenumbers,toinvestigatemoreofthepreindustrialEuropeanpopulationthanthe2or3percentwhocomprisedthepoliticalandsocialelitethekings,generals,judges,nobles,bishops,andlocalmagnateswhohadhithertousuallyfilledhistorybooks.Onedifficulty,however,wasthatfewoftheremaining97percentrecordedtheirthoughtsorhadthemchroniclebycontemporaries.Facedwiththissituation,manyhistoriansbasedtheirinvestigationsontheonlyrecordsthatseemedtoexistbirth,marriage,anddeathrecords.Asaresult,muchoftheearlyworkonthenonelitewasaridlystatisticalinnature;reducingthevastmajorityofthepopulationtoasetofnumberswashardlymoreenlighteningthanignoringthemaltogether.Historiansstilldidnotknowwhatthesepeoplethoughtorfelt.

Onewayoutofthisdilemmawastoturntotherecordsoflegalcourts,forherethevoicesofthenonelitecanmostoftenbeheardaswitnesses,plaintiffsanddefendants.Thesedocumentshaveactedas“apointofenterintothementalworldofthepoor”.HistorianssuchasLeRoyLadurieshaveusedthedocumentstoextractcasehistories,whichhaveilluminatedtheattitudesofdifferentsocialgroups(theseattitudesinclude,butarenotconfinedto,attitudestowardcrimeandthelaw)andhaverevealedhowtheauthoritiesadministeredjustice.IthasbeensocietiesthathavehadadevelopedpolicesystemandpracticedRomanlaw,withitswrittendepositions,whosecourtrecordshaveyieldedthemostdatatohistorians.InAnglo-Saxoncountrieshardlyanyofthesebenefitsobtain,butithasstillbeenpossibletogleaninformationfromthestudyoflegaldocuments.

Theextractionofcasehistoriesisnot,however,theonlyusetowhichcourtrecordsmaybeput.HistorianswhostudypreindustrialEuropehaveusedtherecordstoestablishaseriesofcategoriesofcrimeandtoquantifyindictmentsthatwereissuedoveragivennumberofyears.Thisuseoftherecordsdoesyieldsomeinformationaboutthenonelite,butthisinformationgivesuslittleinsightintothementallivesofthenonelite.WealsoknowthatthenumberofindictmentsinpreindustrialEuropebearslittlerelationtothenumberofactualcriminalacts,andwestronglysuspectthattherelationshiphasvariedwidelyovertime.Inaddition,aggregatepopulationestimatesareveryshaky,whichmakesitdifficultforhistorianstocompareratesofcrimeperthousandinonedecadeofthepreindustrialperiodwithratesinanotherdecade.Given,oneinadequacies,itisclearwhythecasehistoryuseofcourtrecordsistobepreferred.

1.Theauthorsuggeststhat,beforetheearly1950’s,mosthistorianswhostudiedpreindustrialEuropedidwhichofthefollowing?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmuchoftheearlyworkbyhistoriansontheEuropeannoneliteofthepreindustrialperiodmighthavebeenmoreilluminatingifthesehistorianshad（

）.

3.TheauthormentionsLeRoyLadurieinorderto（

）.

4.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingistrueofindictmentsforcrimeinEuropeinthepreindustrialperiod?

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatahistorianwhowishedtocomparecrimeratesperthousandinaEuropeancityinonedecadeofthefifteenthcenturywithcrimeratesinonedecadeofthatcenturywouldprobablybemostaidedbybetterinformationaboutwhichofthefollowing?

问题1选项

A.FailedtomakedistinctionsamongmembersofthepreindustrialEuropeanpoliticalandsocialelite.

B.Usedinvestigatorymethodsthatwerealmostexclusivelystatisticalinnature.

C.InaccuratelyestimatedtheinfluenceofthepreindustrialEuropeanpoliticalandsocialelite.

D.ConfinedtheirworktoanarrowrangeofthepreindustrialEuropeanpopulation.

问题2选项

A.useddifferentmethodsofstatisticalanalysistoinvestigatethenonelite

B.beenmoresuccessfulinidentifyingtheattitudesofcivilauthorities,especiallythosewhoadministeredjustice,towardthenonelite

C.beenabletodrawonmoreaccounts,writtenbycontemporariesofthenonelite,thatdescribedwhatthisnonelitethought

D.reliedmoreheavilyonthepersonalrecordsleftbymembersoftheEuropeanpoliticalandsocialelitewholivedduringtheperiodinquestion

问题3选项

A.giveanexampleofahistorianwhohasmadeonekindofuseofcourtrecord

B.citeahistorianwhohasbasedcasehistoriesonthebirth,marriage,anddeathrecordsofthenonelite

C.identifytheauthorofthequotationcitedintheprevioussentence

D.gainauthoritativesupportfortheviewthatthecasehistoryapproachisthemostfruitfulapproachtocourtrecords

问题4选项

A.Theyhaveintermsoftheirnumbers,remainedrelativelyconstantovertime.

B.Theygivethehistorianimportantinformationaboutthementallivesofthoseindicted.

C.Theyarenotaparticularlyaccurateindicationoftheextentofactualcriminalactivity.

D.Theirimportancetohistoriansofthenonelitehasbeengenerally.

问题5选项

A.Thecausesofunrestinthecityduringthetwodecades.

B.Theaggregatenumberofindictmentsinthecitynearesttothecityunder.

C.Thenumberofpeoplewholivedinthecityduringeachofthedecadesunderinvestigation.

D.Thementalattitudesofcriminalsinthecity,includingtheirfeelingsaboutauthority,duringeachofthedecadesunderinvestigation.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第一段开头提到二十世纪五十年代早期，研究前工业化时代欧洲的史学家首次以众多的人数开始调查前工业化人口中的大多数，而不是那些少数的精英，如国王、将军、法官、贵族等（Intheearly1950s,historianswhostudiedpreindustrialEurope(whichwemaydefinehereasEuropeintheperiodfromroughly1300to1800)began,forthefirsttimeinlargenumbers,toinvestigatemoreofthepreindustrialEuropeanpopulationthanthe2or3percentwhocomprisedthepoliticalandsocialelitethekings,generals,judges,nobles,bishops,andlocalmagnateswhohadhithertousuallyfilledhistorybooks），由此可推测，在此之前的研究是集中在少数人身上，因此选项D“将他们的研究范围限定在前工业化欧洲的小部分人”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“从文中可推断出，如果史学家……,那么他们关于前工业时代欧洲非精英阶层的许多早期著作可能更具启发性”。文章第一段提到一个难题是剩下的97%的人中很少有人记录了他们的想法，或者他们同时代人的编年史（Onedifficulty,however,wasthatfewoftheremaining97percentrecordedtheirthoughtsorhadthemchroniclebycontemporaries），意味着如果能够利用同时代的非精英所写的叙述来描述非精英人的想法，将会更具启发性，因此选项C符合题意。

3.推理判断题。文章第二段提到摆脱这种困境的一种方法是求助于合法法庭的记录，因为在这里，非精英的声音通常可以作为证人、原告和被告的身份被听到（Onewayoutofthisdilemmawastoturntotherecordsoflegalcourts,forherethevoicesofthenonelitecanmostoftenbeheardaswitnesses,plaintiffsanddefendants），接着提到LeRoylad陪审团等历史学家使用过这些文件（HistorianssuchasLeRoyLadurieshaveusedthedocumentstoextractcasehistories,whichhaveilluminatedtheattitudesofdifferentsocialgroups），由此可知选项A符合题意。

4.细节事实题。文章最后一段提到这些记录的使用确实产生了一些关于非精英的信息，但这些信息并不能让我们洞察到非精英的精神生活（Thisuseoftherecordsdoesyieldsomeinformationaboutthenonelite,butthisinformationgivesuslittleinsightintothementallivesofthenonelite），由此可知选项C“它们并不能特别准确地表明实际犯罪活动的程度”符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目问的是“从文章中可知，一个历史学家希望将欧洲15世纪一个十年内每千人的犯罪率与那个世纪十年内的犯罪率对比，可能最得益于下列哪个信息？”文章最后一段提到对人口总数的估计不可靠，这使得历史学家很难比较前工业化时期十年内的每千人犯罪率与另一个十年的犯罪率（Inaddition,aggregatepopulationest