考研考博-英语-杭州电子科技大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-杭州电子科技大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Toour（）,Geoffrey’sillnessprovednottobeasseriousaswehadfeared.

问题1选项

A.relief

B.view

C.anxiety

D.judgment

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。后半句说:Geoffrey’sillnessprovednottobeasseriousaswehadfeared,即杰弗里的病没有我们担心的那么严重。因此推测前面应该是“我们松了一口气”。toourrelief为固定搭配,表示“松了一口气”。

2.单选题

Thefirsttwodecadesofthiscenturyweredominatedbythemicrobehunters.Thesehuntershadtrackeddownoneafteranotherofthemicrobesresponsibleforthemostdreadedscourgesofmanycenturies:tuberculosis,cholera,diphtheria.Butthereremainedsometerriblediseasesforwhichnomicrobecouldbeincriminated:scurvy,pellagra,rickets,andberiberi.Thenitwasdiscoveredthatthesediseaseswerecausedbythelackofvitamins,atracesubstanceinthediet.Thediseasescouldbepreventedorcuredbyconsumingfoodsthatcontainedthevitamins.Andsointhedecadesofthel920sand1930s,nutritionbecameascienceandthevitaminhuntersreplacedthemicrobehunters.

Inthe1940sandl950s,biochemistsstrivedtolearnwhyeachofthevitaminswasessentialforhealth.Theydiscoveredthatkeyenzymesinmetabolismdependononeoranotherofthevitaminsascoenzymestoperformthechemistrythatprovidescellswithenergyforgrowthandfunction.Now,theseenzymehuntersoccupiedcenterstage.

Youareawarethattheenzymehuntershavebeenreplacedbyanewbreedofhunterswhoaretrackinggenes—theblueprintsforeachoftheenzymes—andarediscoveringthedefectivegenesthatcauseinheriteddiseases—diabetes,cysticfibrosis.Thesegenehunters,orgeneticengineers,userecombinantDNAtechnologytoidentifyandclonegenesandintroducethemintobacterialcellsandplantstocreatefactoriesforthemassiveproductionofhormonesandvaccinesformedicineandforbettercropsforagriculture.Biotechnologyhasbecomeamultibillion-dollarindustry.

Inviewoftheinexorableprogressinscience,wecanexpectthatthegenehunterswillbereplacedinthespotlight.Whenandbywhom?Whichkindofhunterwilldominatethesceneinthelastdecadeofourwaningcenturyandintheearlydecadesofthenext?Iwonderwhetherthehunterswhowilloccupythespotlightwillbeneurobiologistswhoapplythetechniquesoftheenzymeandgenehunterstothefunctionsofthebrain.Whattocallthem?Theheadhunters,Iwillreturntothemlater.

5.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

6.Howdovitaminsinfluencehealth?

7.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’stoneinthelastparagraphofthepassage?

8.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

问题1选项

A.Themicrobehunters.

B.Thepotentialofgeneticengineering.

C.Theprogressofmodernmedicalresearch.

D.Thediscoveryofenzymes.

问题2选项

A.Theyarenecessaryforsomeenzymestofunction.

B.Theyprotectthebodyfrommicrobes.

C.Theykeepfoodfromspoiling.

D.Theyarebrokendownbycellstoproduceenergy.

问题3选项

A.Critical

B.Speculative

C.Appreciative

D.Emotional

问题4选项

A.Thefocusofmedicalresearchwillchangeinthenexttwodecades.

B.Medicalbreakthroughsoftendependonluck.

C.Medicalresearchthroughoutthetwentiethcenturyhasbeendominatedbymicrobehunters.

D.Mostdiseasesarecausedbydefectivegenes.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】5.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。由第一段中Thefirsttwodecadesofthiscenturyweredominatedbythemicrobehunters.（微生物搜寻者在这个世纪（即20世纪）的前20年占主要地位）以及Andsointhedecadesofthel920sand1930s,nutritionbecameascienceandthevitaminhuntersreplacedthemicrobehunters.（因此在20世纪20年代和30年代的几十年里，营养成为一门科学，而维他命搜寻者替代了微生物搜寻者。）由此可知全文都在介绍医学的发展。因此C选项“现代医学研究的发展”正确，符合题意。A选项“微生物搜寻者”，B选项“基因工程的潜能”，D选项“酶的发现”都只是文中提及的一部分内容且包括在医学研究发展之中，不能作为整体概括，可排除。故选C。

6.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】客观细节题。定位在文章的第二段Theydiscoveredthatkeyenzymesinmetabolismdependononeoranotherofthevitaminsascoenzymestoperformthechemistrythatprovidescellswithenergyforgrowthandfunction.（他们发现，新陈代谢中关键的酶依赖一种或另外一种维生素，充当辅酶去完成为细胞生长和功能提供能量的这个化学过程。）由此可知维生素作为辅酶是酶进行新陈代谢作用的关键。因此A选项“它们对于酶发挥作用是必需的”正确，符合题意。B选项“它们保护身体不受微生物之害”，C选项“它们让食物不变坏”，D选项“它们被细胞分解去生成能量”均不符合题意，可排除。故选A。

7.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】观点态度题。定位在最后一段Inviewoftheinexorableprogressinscience,wecanexpectthatthegenehunterswillbereplacedinthespotlight.（鉴于科学发展的不可阻挡，我们能预期基因搜寻者在公众注意的中心中将会被取代。）而且最后一段，作者使用了大量的疑问句。由此可知，B选项“推测的；猜测的”正确，符合作者的语调。A选项“批评的”，C选项“赏识的；感激的”，D选项“易激动的”均不符题意，可排除。故选B。

8.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位在最后一段Inviewoftheinexorableprogressinscience,wecanexpectthatthegenehunterswillbereplacedinthespotlight.（鉴于科学发展的不可阻挡，我们能预期基因搜寻者在公众注意的中心中将会被取代。）可知作者认为医学研究中心是会改变的。但是由哪种搜寻者能够占据核心位置，还是尚未可知的。因此A选项“医学研究的中心在接下来的20年将会改变”正确，符合题意。B选项“医学上的突破经常靠运气”，C选项“微生物搜寻者在整个20世纪的医学研究中占主要地位”，D选项“大多数疾病由有缺陷的基因导致”均未在文中有提及，可排除。故选A。

3.单选题

IthasbeenannouncedthatphysicistsfromdifferentcountrieswillgatherinNewYorkfora（

）nextmonth.

问题1选项

A.symphony

B.symposium

C.symptom

D.symmetry

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近词词义辨析。symphony“交响乐；和声”；symposium“讨论会”；symptom“症状；征兆”；symmetry“对称（性）；整齐”。句意：据称下个月来自不同国家的物理学家们将聚在纽约参加一个讨论会。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Youknowyourselfbetterthananyoneelse;doesnotundertakethatprojectunlessyoucan（）it.

问题1选项

A.complement

B.compliment

C.implement

D.supplement

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。complement"补足,补充";compliment"恭维,赞美";implement"使生效,实施,执行";supplement"增补"。句意：你比任何人都了解你自己;除非你能将这个项目实施下去，否则就不要接管它。选项C符合句意。

5.单选题

Thegoals（）hehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.

问题1选项

A.afterwhich

B.withwhich

C.forwhich

D.atwhich

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。这是一个介词+代词引导的定语从句，fought的原型的fight，和不同的介词搭配，fightafter“在……之后战斗”；fightwith“与……一起战斗”；fightfor“为……而战，而奋斗”。句意：他为之奋斗终生的目标对他不再重要了。forwhichhehadfought做goals的定语，将fightfor搭配中的for放在which之前。因此，本题的正确答案是C选项。

6.单选题

MasstransportationrevisedthesocialandeconomicfabricoftheAmericancityinthreefundamentalways.Itcatalyzedphysicalexpansion,itsortedoutpeopleandlanduses,anditacceleratedtheinherentinstabilityofurbanlife.Byopeningvastareasofunoccupiedlandforresidentialexpansion,theomnibuses,horserailways,commutertrains,andelectrictrolleyspulledsettledregionsoutwardtwotofourtimesmoredistantfromcitycentersthantheywereinthepre-modernerA.In1850,forexample,thebordersofBostonlayscarcelytwomilesfromtheoldbusinessdistrict;bytheturnofthecenturytheradiusextendedtenmiles.Nowthosewhowouldafforditcouldlivefarremovedfromtheoldcitycenterandstillcommutethereforwork,shopping,andentertainment.Thenewaccessibilityoflandaroundtheperipheryofalmosteverymajorcitysparkedanexplosionofrealestatedevelopmentandfueledwhatwenowknowasurbansprawl.Between1890and1920,forexample,some250,000newresidentiallotswererecordedwithinthebordersofChicago,mostofthemlocatedinoutlyingareas.Overthesameperiod,another550,000wereplottedoutsidethecitylimitsbutwithinthemetropolitanareA.Anxioustotakeadvantageofthepossibilitiesofcommuting,realestatedevelopersadded800,000potentialbuildingsitestotheChicagoregioninjustthirtyyears—lotsthatcouldhavehousedfivetosixmillionpeople.

Ofcourse,manywereneveroccupied;therewasalwaysahugesurplusofsubdivided,butvacant,landaroundChicagoandothercities.Theseexcessesunderscoreafeatureofresidentialexpansionrelatedtothegrowthofmasstransportation:urbansprawlwasessentiallyunplanneD.Itwascarriedoutbythousandsofsmallinvestorswhopaidlittleheedtocoordinatedlanduseortofuturelandusers.Thosewhopurchasedandpreparedlandforresidentialpurposes,particularlylandnearoroutsidecity,borderswheretransitlinesandmiddle-classinhabitantswereanticipated,didsotocreatedemandasmuchastorespondtoit.Chicagoisaprimeexampleofthisprocess.Realestatesubdivisionthereproceededmuchfasterthanpopulationgrowth.

1.Withwhichofthefollowingsubjectsisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.TheauthormentionsallofthefollowingaseffectsofmasstransportationoncitiesEXCEPT（）.

3.WhydoestheauthormentionbothBostonandChicago?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasonedisadvantageofresidentialexpansion?

5.TheauthormentionsChicagointhesecondparagraphasanexampleofacity（）.

问题1选项

A.Typesofmasstransportation.

B.Instabilityofurbanlife.

C.Howsupplyanddemanddeterminelanduse.

D.Theeffectsofmasstransportationonurbanexpansion.

问题2选项

A.growthincityarea

B.separationofcommercialandresidentialdistricts

C.changesinlifeintheinnercity

D.increasingstandardsofliving

问题3选项

A.Todemonstratepositiveandnegativeeffectsofgrowth.

B.Toshowthatmasstransitchangedmanycities.

C.Toexemplifycitieswithandwithoutmasstransportation.

D.Tocontrasttheirratesofgrowth.

问题4选项

A.Itwasexpensive.

B.Ithappenedtooslowly

C.Itwasunplanne

D.D.Itcreatedademandforpublictransportation.

问题5选项

A.thatislarge

B.thatisusedasamodelforlanddevelopment

C.wherelanddevelopmentexceededpopulationgrowth

D.withanexcellentmasstransportationsystem

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句提出“MasstransportationrevisedthesocialandeconomicfabricoftheAmericancityinthreefundamentalways.”中文翻译为大众运输从三个根本方面改变了美国城市的社会和经济结构。后文分别对这三个方面进行了介绍。因此答案为D选项：公共交通运输对城市扩展的影响。

2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“Itcatalyzedphysicalexpansion,itsortedoutpeopleandlanduses,anditacceleratedtheinherentinstabilityofurbanlife.”中文翻译为：它促进城市实物性的扩张，它把人和土地分类，加速了城市生活的内在不稳定性。可以得知D选项符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由题干关键词BostonandChicago可以定位到文章第一段中“Byopeningvastareasofunoccupiedlandforresidentialexpansion,theomnibuses,horserailways,commutertrains,andelectrictrolleyspulledsettledregionsoutwardtwotofourtimesmoredistantfromcitycentersthantheywereinthepre-modernera.”中文翻译为：公共汽车、马铁、通勤列车和电动手推车把大片空置的土地开放给居民居住，使他们的居住地向外移动，距离市中心的距离是前现代时期的2至4倍。然后文章分别以芝加哥和波士顿为例子。因此，B最符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词onedisadvantageofresidentialexpansion定位到原文第二段“Theseexcessesunderscoreafeatureofresidentialexpansionrelatedtothegrowthofmasstransportation:urbansprawlwasessentiallyunplanneD.Itwascarriedoutbythousandsofsmallinvestorswhopaidlittleheedtocoordinatedlanduseortofuturelandusers.”，中文翻译为：“.这些过度行为突出了与大众交通增长有关的住宅扩张的一个特点：城市的扩张基本上是没有计划的。这是由数以千计的小投资者进行的，他们对协调的土地使用或未来的土地使用者漠不关心。”故C最符合题意。

5.推理判断题。根据题干可以定位“Chicagoisaprimeexampleofthisprocess.Realestatesubdivisionthereproceededmuchfasterthanpopulationgrowth.”中文翻译为：芝加哥就是这一过程的主要例子。那里的房地产细分比人口增长速度快得多。可以得知C项最为符合。

7.单选题

Thesimplestanimalsarethosewhosebodiesaresimplestinstructureandwhichdothethingsdonebyalllivinganimals,suchaseating,breathing,movingandfeeling,inthemost（

）way.

问题1选项

A.bizarre

B.primitive

C.advantageous

D.unique

【答案】B

【解析】bizarre奇异的；primitive原始的,简单的；advantageous有利的,有益的；unique独一无二的。句意:最简单的动物是那些身体结构单一的动物,它们以最原始的方式做所有动物都做的事情,如吃、呼吸、活动和感知。选项B符合语境。

8.单选题

MakingEveryDropCount

AThehistoryofhumancivilizationisentwinedwiththehistoryofthewayswehavelearnedtomanipulatewaterresources.Astownsgraduallyexpanded,waterwasbroughtfromincreasinglyremotesources,leadingtosophisticatedengineeringeffortssuchasdamsandaqueducts.AttheheightoftheRomanEmpire,ninemajorsystems,withaninnovativelayoutofpipesandwell-builtsewers,suppliedtheoccupantsofRomewithasmuchwaterperpersonasisprovidedinmanypartsoftheindustrialworldtoday.

BDuringtheindustrialrevolutionandpopulationexplosionofthe19thand20thcenturies,thedemandforwaterrosedramatically.Unprecedentedconstructionoftensofthousandsofmonumentalengineeringprojectsdesignedtocontrolfloods,protectcleanwatersupplies,andprovidewaterforirrigationandhydropowerbroughtgreatbenefitstohundredsofmillionsofpeople.Foodproductionhaskeptpacewithsoaringpopulationsmainlybecauseoftheexpansionofartificialirrigationsystemsthatmakepossiblethegrowthof40%oftheworld’sfood.Nearlyonefifthofalltheelectricitygeneratedworldwideisproducedbyturbinesspunbythepoweroffallingwater.

CYetthereisadarksidetothispicture,despiteourprogress,halfoftheworld’spopulationsstillsuffers,withwaterservicesinferiortothoseavailabletotheancientGreeksandRomans.AstheUnitedNationsreportonaccesstowaterreiteratedinNovember2001,morethanonebillionpeoplelackaccesstocleandrinkingwater,sometwoandahalfbilliondonothaveadequatesanitationservices.Preventablewater-relateddiseaseskillanestimated10,000to20,0000childreneveryday,andthelatestevidencesuggeststhatwearefallingbehindineffortstosolvetheseproblems.

DTheconsequencesofourwaterpoliciesextendbeyondjeopardizinghumanhealth.Tensofmillionsofpeoplehavebeenforcedtomovefromtheirhomes—oftenwithlittlewarningorcompensation—tomakewayforthereservoirsbehinddams.Morethan20%ofallfreshwaterfishspeciesarenowthreatenedorendangeredbecausedamsandwaterwithdrawalshavedestroyedthefree-flowingriverecosystemswheretheythrive.Certainirrigationpracticesdegradesoilqualityandreduceagriculturalproductivity.GroundwateraquifersarebeingpumpeddownfasterthantheyarenaturallyreplenishedinpartsofIndia,China,theUSAandelsewhere.Anddisputesoversharedwaterresourceshaveledtoviolenceandcontinuetoraiselocal,nationalandeveninternationaltensions.

EAttheoutsetofthenewmillennium,however,thewayresourceplannersthinkaboutwaterisbeginningtochange.Thefocusisslowlyshiftingbacktotheprovisionofbasichumanandenvironmentalneedsastoppriorityensuring‘someforall’，insteadof‘moreforsome’.Somewaterexpertsarenowdemandingthatexistinginfrastructurebeusedinsmarterwaysratherthanbuildingnewfacilities,whichisincreasinglyconsideredtheoptionoflast,notfirst,resort.Thisshiftinphilosophyhasnotbeenuniversallyaccepted,anditcomeswithstrongoppositionformsomeestablishedwaterorganizations.Nevertheless,itmaybetheonlywaytoaddresssuccessfullythepressingproblemsofprovidingeveryonewithcleanwatertodrink,adequatewatertogrowfoodandalifefreefrompreventablewater-relatedillness.

FFortunately—andunexpectedly—thedemandforwaterisnotrisingasrapidlyassomepredicted.Asaresult,thepressuretobuildnewwaterinfrastructureshasdiminishedoverthepasttwodecades.Althoughpopulation,industrialoutputandeconomicproductivityhavecontinuedtosoarindevelopednations,therateatwhichpeoplewithdrawwaterfromaquifers,riversandlakeshasslowed.Andinafewpartsoftheworld,demandhasactuallyfallen.

GWhatexplainsthisremarkableturnofevents?Twofactors:peoplehavefiguredouthowtousewatermoreefficiently,andcommunitiesarerethinkingtheirprioritiesforwateruse.Throughoutthefirstthree-quartersofthe20thcentury,thequantityoffreshwaterconsumedperpersondoubledonaverage;intheUSA，waterwithdrawalsincreasedtenfoldwhilethepopulationquadrupled.Butsince1980,theamountofwaterconsumedperpersonhasactuallydecreased,thankstoarangeofnewtechnologiesthathelptoconservewaterinhomesandindustry.In1965,forinstance,Japanusedapproximately13milliongallonsofwatertoproduce$1millionofcommercialoutput;by1989thishaddroppedto3.5milliongallons(evenaccountingforinflation)—almostaquadruplingofwaterproductivity.IntheUSA,waterwithdrawalshavefallenbymorethan20%fromtheirpeakin1980.

HOntheotherhand,dams,aqueductsandotherkindsofinfrastructurewillstillhavetobebuilt,particularlyindevelopingcountrieswherebasichumanneedshavenotbeenmet.Butsuchprojectsmustbebuilttohigherspecificationsandwithmoreaccountabilitytolocalpeopleandtheirenvironmentthaninthepast.Andeveninregionswherenewprojectsseemwarranted,wemustfindwaystomeetdemandswithfewerresources,respectingecologicalcriteriaandtoasmallerbudget.

1.WateruseperpersonishigherintheindustrialworldthanitwasinAncientRome.

2.Feedingincreasingpopulationsispossibledueprimarilytoimprovedirrigationsystems.

3.ModernwatersystemsimitatethoseoftheancientGreeksandRomans.

4.Industrialgrowthisincreasingtheoveralldemandforwater.

5.Moderntechnologieshaveledtoareductionindomesticwaterconsumption.

问题1选项

A.T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

B.F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

C.NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

问题2选项

A.T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

B.F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

C.NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

问题3选项

A.T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

B.F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

C.NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

问题4选项

A.T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

B.F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

C.NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

问题5选项

A.T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

B.F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

C.NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据文章A段，“suppliedtheoccupantsofRomewithasmuchwaterperpersonasisprovidedinmanypartsoftheindustrialworldtoday.”，为罗马居民提供的人均用水量，相当于当今工业世界许多地区的人均用水量。Asmuchas和表述中的higher相反，可判断出工业世界的人均用水量和古罗马时期相当，表述错误。

2.根据文章B段，“Foodproductionhaskeptpacewithsoaringpopulationsmainlybecauseoftheexpansionofartificialirrigationsystemsthatmakepossiblethegrowthof40%oftheworld’sfood.”，粮食产量的激增带来了人口的增长，主要原因是人工灌溉系统的扩大，这使得世界40%的粮食产量得以增长。可判断出主要由于灌溉系统的改善，养活越来越多的人口成为可能，表述正确。

3.根据文章C段，“halfoftheworld’spopulationsstillsuffers,withwaterservicesinferiortothoseavailabletotheancientGreeksandRomans.”，世界上一半的人口仍在遭受水资源不足的痛苦，供水服务不如古希腊和古罗马人。文中并未提及现代是否模仿了古希腊和古罗马的供水系统，所以表述在文中并未体现。

4.根据文章F段，“Althoughpopulation,industrialoutputandeconomicproductivityhavecontinuedtosoarindevelopednations,therateatwhichpeoplewithdrawwaterfromaquifers,riversandlakeshasslowed.”，尽管发达国家的人口、工业产出和经济生产力继续增长，但人们从蓄水层、河流和湖泊取水的速度已经放缓。所以工业的增长并没有使人们增加对水的需求，表述错误。

5.根据文章G段，“Butsince1980,theamountofwaterconsumedperpersonhasactuallydecreased,thankstoarangeofnewtechnologiesthathelptoconservewaterinhomesandindustry.”，自1980年以来，由于一系列有利于家庭和工业节水的新技术，人均用水量实际上已经呈下降趋势。可判断出现代技术确实已经导致了人们生活用水量的减少，表述正确。

9.单选题

Thescentsoftheflowerswas______tousbythebreeze.

问题1选项

A.intercepted

B.detested

C.saturated

D.wafted

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.intercepted拦截；中途阻止B.detested厌恶，憎恨

C.saturated渗透；饱和D.wafted飘过，飘荡；吹拂

【答案】D

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】由breeze（微风）可知，Thescentsoftheflowers（花的香味）是被风吹过来的，因此D项词义最符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句子意思。

【句意】微风向我们吹来了花香。

10.单选题

Thechocolatecompanymaintainedstablesales______andincreasedprofitsby4.7%inthefiscalperiodendinginFebruary.

问题1选项

A.volumes

B.rows

C.dimensions

D.outputs

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项volumes“体积，容量”；B选项rows“一排，一行；一排座位；排屋，排房”；C选项dimensions“规模，大小”；D选项outputs“输出”。句意：在2月份结账期结束巧克力公司保持稳定的销售……，并增加了4.7%的利润。salesvolumes为固定搭配，译为销售量，因此A选项正确。

11.单选题

Theinaugurationofthenewpresidentwillbeheldat8o'clock（）.

问题1选项

A.sharply

B.right

C.prompt

D.punctually

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词词义辨析题。A:sharply“严厉地；锋利地”；B:right“立刻”;C:prompt“迅速的；敏捷的”；D:punctually“准时地”。句意：新总统的就职典礼将于8点准时举行。根据前文“在八点”得知表示时间的准点，因此可知D为正确答案。

12.单选题

Goodthingsaredividedintothreeclasses:(1)externalgoods,(2)goodsofthesoul,and(3)goodsofthebody.Ofthese,wecallthegoodspertainingtothesoulgoodsinthehighestandfullestsense.Butinspeakingof“soul”,werefertooursoul’sactionsandactivities.Thus,ourdefinitionofgoodtallieswiththisopinionwhichhasbeencurrentforalongtimeandtowhichphilosopherssubscribe.Wearealsorightindefiningtheendasconsistingofactionsandactivities;forinthiswaytheendisincludedamongthegoodsofthesoulandnotamongexternalgoods.

Alsotheviewthatahappymanliveswellandfareswellfitsinwithourdefinition:forwehaveallbutdefinedhappinessasakindofgoodlifeandwell-being.

Moreover,thecharacteristicswhichonelooksforinhappinessareallincludedinourdefinition.Forsomepeoplethinkthathappinessisavirtue,othersthatitispracticalwisdom,othersthatitissomekindoftheoreticalwisdom;othersagainbelieveittobeallorsomeoftheseaccompaniedby,ornotdevoidof,pleasure;andsomepeoplealsoincludeexternalprosperityinitsdefinition.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thegreatestgoodsarethosethat（）.

2.Theword“tallies”inline4means（）.

3.Theauthor’sdefinitionofhappinessinparagraph2isrelatedtothedefinitionofgoodinthat（）.

4.Theauthor’smainpurposeinthelastparagraphisto（）.

问题1选项

A.createprosperity

B.arespiritual

C.areintellectual

D.createhappiness

问题2选项

A.keepscount

B.records

C.labels

D.corresponds

问题3选项

A.livingagoodlifewillbringyouhappiness

B.happinessisthesameasgoodness

C.happinessisoftensacrificedtoattainthegood

D.allthingsthatcreatehappinessaregoodthings

问题4选项

A.showthatdifferentpeoplehavedifferentdefinitionsofhappiness

B.provideguidelinesforgoodbehavior

C.provethathisdefinitionofhappinessisvalid

D.explainrelationshipbetweenhappinessandgoodness

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段，“wecallthegoodspertainingtothesoulgoodsinthehighestandfullestsense.”，我们把与灵魂相关的美好事物称为最高的意义。可判断出最好的事物就是精神上的美好。选项B符合题意。

2.词义题。根据文章第一段，“…thisopinionwhichhasbeencurrentforalongtimeandtowhichphilosopherssubscribe.”，这样的观点已经流行了很长一段时间，并且哲学家们也赞成。可判断出我们对于美好的定义符合这一观点。keepscount“计数”，record“记录”，label“标记”；correspond“符合，一致”。选项D符合题意。

3.判断推理题。根据文章第二段，“forwehaveallbutdefinedhappinessasakindofgoodlifeandwell-being.”，我们几乎把幸福定义为一种美好的生活和幸福。可推断出生活和幸福的联系为：美好的生活会带来幸福。选项A符合题意。

4.作者意图题。根据文章最后一段，“thecharacteristicswhichonelooksforinhappinessareallincludedinourdefinition.”，一个人对幸福特征的观念都包含在我们的定义中。可知作者对自己的定义是持坚定态度。下文继续列举了人们对幸福的种种定义，可推断出作者在最后一段证明他对幸福的定义是正确的。选项C符合题意。

13.翻译题

很多已经发表的科学论文都有错误，各种因素导致了这个问题。统计错误比比皆是。在杂志决定刊载论文之前，审读论文的同行审读人（peerreviewers）在发现错误方面比杂志或其他人更差；职业的压力、竞争和进取心驱使科学家们更快地发表文章而失去了理智。更糟的是，科学家职业体系强调发表大量论文。“不发表论文就灭亡”的压力已经逐步地统治学术生活。

【答案】Therearemistakesinmanyscientificpapersalreadypublished.Variousfactorscontributetothisproblem.Statisticalerrorsmeettheeyeeverywhere.Beforejournalsdecidetopublishpapers,peerreviewersareinferiortojournalsorotherpeopleinfindingmistakes.Professionalpressure,competitionandenterprisepromptscientiststopublishpapersmorequicklybuttolosetheirsense.Worsestill,scientists’professionalsystememphasizesthepublicationofalargenumberofpapers.Thepressureofpublishingpapersorperishingisdominatingacademiclifegradually.

14.单选题

He（）myauthoritybyallowingthechildrentodothingsthatIhaveforbidden.

问题1选项

A.impaired

B.disabled

C.undermined

D.undid

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:impair“损伤”；B:disable“使失去能力”；C:undermine“破坏，渐渐破坏”；；D:undo“取消”。句意：他通过允许孩子们做我明令禁止的事情，破坏了我的权威。结合句意，故C为正确答案。

15.翻译题

现代城市对人类的悲剧性影响在于它扼杀了人类的美感。一个富足社会的物质利益使人们的注意力从城市和文化的底蕴转移到科技产品上：洗衣机、中央供暖、自动炊具、电视机、电脑