2018仁爱英语8年级上册U3Topic3学科讲义(有答案)

基础知识巩固】1、ThetelephoneringswhileJaneispracticingtheviolin.简在练习小提琴的时候，电话铃响了。While在此意为“当…的时候，与…同时”，引导时间状语从句。从句中要用延续性动词。辨析：我出门不在时，有人破门而入。误：SomebodybrokeinwhileIwentout.正：SomebodybrokeinwhileIwasout.比较：when和while的用法联系：when和while在句中充当连词，引导时间状语从句时，都译为“当・・・・・•的时候”，两者都表示主句动作与从句动作同时发生。区别：when是atorduringthetimethat,既可以表示—个时间点（when引导的从句中谓语动词用非延续性动词），也可以表示一段时间（when引导的从句中谓语动词用延续性动词）。表示时间点时，从句用一般过去时或一般现在时；表示时间段时，从句用进行时态。主从句所述动作、事情可同时发生，也可有先后。我们到达那里时正在下雪。Whenwethere,itwassnowing.（同时）got他做完工作就回家了。Hewenthomehehiswork.（表示动作的先后）whenfinishedwhile是duringthetimethat，只指一段时间，即while引导的从句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词，也就是从句用进行时态。主从句中两个延续性动作同时发生。爸爸看电视的时候妈妈在做饭。MotherwascookingwhilefatherwaswatchingTV.因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。e.g.While/WhenIwashavingsupper,someoneknockedatthedoor.（washavingsupper为一个时间段，have为延续性动词）Whenyouleavetheroom,pleaseturnoffthelights.（leave为非延续性动词，因此从句不能用while引导）2、Whatwereyoudoingatthistimeyesterday?昨天这个时候你在干什么？--Whatareyoudoing?--Wearehavingclasses.--Whatwereyoudoingatthistimeyesterday?--Wewerehavingclasses.过去进行时（一）定义过去进行时：表示过去某一具体时刻或过去某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作。常与then，atthistimeyesterday,atthattime,atnineo'clockyesterday,atthatmoment,thatweek（那周），thosedays（那些天），fromseventoninelastnight,alldayyesterday等时间状语连用，或者用另一动作来表示过去的时间。可以从两个方面来理解：过去某一具体时刻正在发生或进行的动作。e.g.Theywereplayingfootballatteno'cloCesterdaymorning.MymotherwascookingwhenIgothome.Iwaswashingmyclothesatthistimeyesterday.过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作作e.g.Theywereplayingbasketballfromseventonineyesterdaymorning.Itwasrainingalldayyesterday.昨天下了一整天雨。注意：yesterday与lastnight既可用于一般过去时也可用于过去进行时，要根据上下文情境进行判断。如：Hewasreadingbookslastnight.昨晚他（一直）在读书。Hereadbookslastnight.昨晚他看书了。（二）构成过去进行时由be动词的过去式was/were加动词现在分词构成，即“was/were+doing(现在分词)”。基本句型结构肯定形式：主语+was/were+动词的现在分词v.ing.+...否定形式：主语+was/were+not+动词现在分词v.ing.+...疑问形式：Was/Were+主语+动词现在分词v.ing.+...肯定回答：Yes,主语(人称代词)+Was/Were.否定回答：No,主语(人称代词)+Wasn't/Weren't.e.g.Wereyouplayingcomputergames?WereyoureadingnewspaperswhenIcalledyoulastnight?练习：l.Weretheydoing(do)theirhomeworkthen?Yes,theywere./No,theyweren't.2.A:Whatwereyoudoingfromseventonineyesterday?B:IwaslearningEnglish(learn).Wereyouplaying(play)computergames?A:Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn't.翻译：Weren'tyouplayingcomputergames?Theywereplayingbasketballatfouro'clockyesterdayafternoon.昨天下午4点他们在打篮球。Wewereworkingfromseventoelevenlastnight.我们昨晚从七点工作至U九点。填空：they(feed)theanimalsat5：00yesterdayafternoon?Mrs.Green(notwash)clothesatthistimeyesterday.Grandpa(mend)hisclockwhenIreachedhome.答案：1werefeeding2wasn'twashing3wasmending(三)现在分词的构成规则：规律总结例词以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e再make—making力加-ing.have—having以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有个辅音字swim—swimming母的，要双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing.run—running以-ie结尾的动词，变ie为y,再加-inglie—lyingtie—tyingdie—dying大多数动词直接在词尾加-ing.play—playingsing—singing注意：1、如果以e结尾的单词发音，则不能去掉e,直接在词尾加-ing,如：see-seeing;agree-agreeing2、初中阶段常见的需要双写最后一个辅音字母变现在分词的动词有:shop,stop,drop,run,get,sit,dig,put,begin,swim,chat,prefer,hit,let,babysit。练习：carrycatchdrinkenjoyhurrycarryingcatchingdrinkingenjoyinghurryingcomechatstopridewritecomingchattingstoppingridingwritinghitletputshopbeginhittinglettingputtingshoppingbeginning（四）用法1、表示过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening等。e.g.WewerewatchingTVfromseventoninelastnight.昨天晚上七点至U九点的时候我们在看电视。WhatwasheresearchingalldaylastSunday?上周日他一整天都在研究什么？Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来,受伤了。Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。2、表示在过去某个时间点正在发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语或从句来表示。e.g.Whatwasshedoingatnineo'clockyesterday?昨天晚上九点她在做什么？（介词短语表示时间点）WhenIsawhimhewasdecoratinghisroom.当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。（when引导的从句表示时间点）3、在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时,连词常用while。e.g.Whilehewaswaitingforthebus,hewasreadinganewspaper.他边等车边看报。（两个动作都是延续的）HewascleaninghiscarwhileIwascooking.他擦车时我在做饭。（两个动作同时进行）4、在英语中，当两个动作在过去某时间同时发生时，通常动作持续时间较长的动词用过去进行时，表示另一动作发生的背景；而另一动词则用一般过去时，表示动作发生的事实。e.g.Theteachercameinwhenweweretalkingaloud.WhenIwaswatchingTVthismorning,thetelephonerang.练习：【温馨提示】（1）表示两个延续性动作在过去某一时刻同时进行,不考虑动作的先后顺序,主句和从句的谓语动词都用过去进行时,连词常用while。例如：Thestudentswerereadingwhiletheteacherwasgradingtheirhomework.学生们在看书，而老师在批改他们的家庭作业。（2）在含有时间状语从句的复合句中,延续时间较长的动作用过去进行时,另一个短暂性动作用一般过去时。例如:MypendroppedonthegroundwhenIwaswalkinginthepark.在公园散步的时候,我的钢笔掉到地上了。5、过去进行时和always，constantly（不断地）,continually（频繁地）,forever,allthetime,repeatedly等表示动作屡次发生的副词连用时，蕴含较强的感情色彩，此时的进行时态已不强调动作正在进行。解析：现在进行时中解析：现在进行时中“Whatdoing”?句式同样适用于过去进行时。翻译：Shewasalwaysthinkingofothers.她老是想到别人。(表示赞扬)Heisforevergoingonline.他总是爱上网。(表示不满)6、通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有:agree,be,believe,belong,care,forget,hate,have(拥有),hear,know,like,love,mean,mind,notice,own,remember,seem,suppose,understand,want,wish等。感官动词：hear,see,notice,feel,taste表示态度感情的动词：1ike,love,hate表心理状态：fee1,want,prefer表占有：own,have,表存在状态和持续：1ook,owe,bee.g.误：Iwasknowingtheanswer.正：Iknewtheanswer.我知道答案。判断正误：误：Iwasn'tunderstandinghim.正：Ididn'tunderstandhim.我不明白他的意思。(五)做题时常见错误如下：1、易把be+现在分词记成be+过去分词例:Hewastalked(talk)tohismumatthattime.答案：wastalking解析：过去进行时与现在进行时结构上的区别体现在be动词上。2、丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词例：(1)Iwatching(watch)TVwhenhecamein.(2)Theywereplay(play)gamesat5：00p.m.yesterday.答案：(1)waswatching(2)wereplaying解析：现在进行时中“be+现在分词，缺一不可”的规律也可应用于过去进行时。3、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing例：Wewereflyingkitesat5：00p.m.yesterday.(对划线部分提问)Whatwereyouat5：00p.m.yesterday?答案：Whatwereyoudoingat5：00p.m.yesterday?4、易与现在进行时弄混例：Mymotheriscooking(cook)whenIgothome.答案：wascooking解析：这两种时态的共同点是都表示动作正在进行，但现在进行时前提是现在,而过去进行时前提是过去，由whenIgothome可看出前提是过去。5、易与一般过去时弄混例：昨晚我在读一本故事书。Iread（read）astorybookyesterdayevening.答案：wasreading解析：这两种时态的共同点是都用于表示过去发生的动作。但过去进行时强调动作正在进行，而一般过去时则表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,它表示的动作往往已经完成。“在”说明正在进行，而“Ireadastorybookyesterdayevening.”的意思是昨晚我读了一本故事书，言下之意已经读完了。故用过去进行时。另外，在宾语从句中当主句为过去时，从句若是现在进行时，需变成过去进行时。e.g.Hesaidthathewasdrawingacatatnoonyesterday.过去进行时与一般过去时的区别：1、过去进行时表示过去某时间正在进行或持续的动作，强调过程，不一定完成;一般过去时往往表示过去某一动作已经完成。e.g.ThechildrenwerewatchingTVyesterdayevening.昨天整晚孩子们都在看电视。（可能没看完）ThechildrenwatchedTVyesterdayevening.昨天晚上孩子们看电视了。（看完了）Iwastypingaletterlastnight.昨晚我在打一封信。（可能没打完）Itypedsomeletterslastnight.我昨晚打了一些信。（已经打完）2、一般过去时表示只做一次动作，而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。e.g.Themanjumpedintothepoor.那个人跳入了水池。Themanwasjumpingintothepoor.那个人一直跳个不停。3、当叙述过去发生的事，尤其是过程中发生的一系列动作时，就必须用一般过去时。e.g.Iwokeupatsix.ThenIgotup,andwashup.AtsevenIcamedownstairsforbreakfast.我6点醒来，然后起床洗漱，7点下楼吃早饭。练习：1、Mary___adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makes答案C.割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，“玛丽在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。2、Asshe___thenewspaper,Granny___asleep.A.read;wasfallingB.wasreading;fellC.wasreading;wasfallingD.read;fell答案B.句中的as=when,while，意为"当之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为"在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的fell（fall的过去时），是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fallsick。3、What__she__atnineo'clockyesterday?Adid;doB.was;doingC.is;doingD.were;doingB4、WhenI__him,he__hisroom.A.wasseeing;decoratedB.saw;wasdecoratingC.saw;decorateD.saw;decoratingB【典型例题讲解】()1.Iamuseumwithmyfriendsatthistimeyesterday.A.amvisitingB.wasvisitingC.visitedD.willvisit()2.Heissmalltoschool.A.too;togoB.can't;goC.too;goD.so;togo()3.ManypeoplereadnewspapersonthetraintothetimeinBritain.

A.saveB.wasteC.passD.takeA.saveB.wasteC.passD.take()4.ItwasraininghardIgotupthismorning.A.ifB.whenC.afterD.until()5.—Look!Thegirlisplayingwithasnake.—Howsheis!A.braveB.happyC.strongD.excited()6.Theoldmandiedacoldsnowynight.A.inB.onC.atD.over()7.—Youlookverysad.What'swrong?—It'sOK.Thereis.A.somethingseriousB.serioussomethingC.nothingseriousD.seriousnothing()8.“NowItoldyouasecret,”hesaidtomealowvoice.A.withB.atC.inD.use()9.—Whichteamthematch,TeamOneorTeamTwo?—TeamOneTeamTwo.A.won;wonB.beat;beatC.beat;wonD.won;beat()10.Ifeeltired,butIdon'twanttostop.A.workB.toworkC.worksD.working【随堂练习巩固】II•情景交际。(5分)在下列横线上填入适当的句子，补全对话。(Anewweekreturns.LisaandMariameetat)school.—Hi,Maria.Gladtoseeyou!—Hi,Lisa!Gladtoseeyou,too.—Itwasweekendyesterday.11.—Ididmyhomeworkandthenhelpedmymotherdosomehousework.—12.—From8:00a.m.to9:00a.m.?Oh,Iwasplayingthepiano.—Wow,youworksohard!13.—Yes.TobeamusicianlikeLanglangismydreamallthetime.—Wishyousuccess!14.—I'mgoingtotheschoollibrary.15.—Yes,I'dloveto.Let'sgo.III.完形填空。(10分)Lastweek,Ihadawonderfulsummercampwithmyclassmates.We16atthebusstationearlyinthemorning.Aftersaying17toourparents,wegotonthebus.We18twohoursarrivingatthecampground.Whenwegotthere,everyonegotoffthebus19,laughingandshouting.Wejumpedandranaroundthecampground.Itwasthe20timeforustobeawayfromparents.Sosomeofusbegantofeelhomesick(想家的).21,whenthenightpartyanddancesbegan,thehomesicknessdisappeared.Thenextday,wehada22ofclimbingamountain.Atfirst,weclimbedquickly.Butonthehalfway,wewereso23thatwewouldliketogiveup.Ourteacher24cheeringuson.Webelievedthatwecoulddobetterthanothers.Finally,wedidwellandmyteamwonthematch.“25isdifficultintheworldifyoukeeptrying”，saidourteacher.Ialsolearntalotfromthecamp.()16.A.leftB.sawC.metD.got()17.A.goodbyeB.sorryC.yesD.hello()18.A.tookB.spentC.paidD.cost()19.A.cheerfullyB.bravelyC.sadlyD.warmly()20.A.oneB.firstC.lastD.finally()21.A.AndB.OrC.HoweverD.So()22.A.interestB.ideaC.chanceD.match()23.A.tiredB.excitedC.happyD.active()24.A.stoppedB.keptC.enjoyedD.preferredD.Anything（）25.A.SomethingB.EverythingC.NothingD.Anything课后强化练习】IV•阅读理解。（30分）（A）MikeandDickworkinthesameoffice.Theydon'tlikethecoldweather.AndonedaytheydecidedtotaketheirholidayinAustralia.TheirplanearrivedinSydneyatnineinthemorning.Theyhadagoodrestinahotel.Thenextmorningtheyrented（租）acarinthecityandbegantheirtravel.Afewhourslater,thesunwasshiningintheskyandtherewerenoshadetrees（遮阴树）besidetheroad.Itwassohotthattheycouldhardlygoondriving.Theyhadtostoptolookaround.Mikefoundariverabouthalfakilometerawayfromthem.Theywerebothveryhappyanddrovethecarquickly.Soontheygottotheriver.Beforetheyjumpedintothewater,Dicksawaboyplayingunderabigtree.Heasked,“Arethereanysharks（鲨）intheriver,boy?”“No,therearen't,”answeredtheboy.Sotheybegantoswimintheriver.Afterawhile,Dickfeltsomethinghitagainsthisleg.HetoldMikeaboutit.Theywereafraidandstoppedswimming.Dickaskedloudly,“Isittruethattherearen'tanysharksintheriver?”“Yes,sir,”saidtheboy,“There'realotofcrocodiles（鳄鱼）inthewater.Allthesharkshaveswumaway!”根据短文内容，回答问题。26.WhendidtheyarriveinSydney?27.Whatwastheweatherlikethenextday?28.Whatdidtheydointheriver?29.AsharkhitDick'sleg,didn'tit?30.Whyweren'tthereanysharksintheriver?(B)WhenAbrahamLincolnwasjustaboy,hehadtohelphisfathertolookaftertheirfarm.Itwashardworkandtherewasn'tanythinginterestingforhim.Abrahamwantedtogotoschool,buttherewasnoschoolthere.Hewassadmostofthetime.Mrs.Lincolnlovedtheboyverymuch.ShetriedherbesttomakeAbrahamhappy.Onemorningshegotupearlyandwenttothetown.Itwasalongway,soittookheralongtimetogetthere.Sheboughtsomethingthereandwentback.Itwaslateintheeveningwhenshegothome.ThenextmorningMrs.LincolnsaidtoAbraham,“Todayisyourbirthday,sowe'regoingtohaveaparty.”Sheputsomefoodonthetable,andthenbroughtoutapresent.“Abook!”Abrahamcried.Itwasanoldbook,buthelikedit.Asmilecameonhisface.HelookedupatMrs.Lincolnandsaid,“Thankyou,Mom.”根据短文内容，选择正确答案。()31.AbrahamLincoln'sfatherwasa.farmerB.soldierC.workerD.teacher()32.AbrahamLincolncouldn'tgotoschoolbecause.A.hisfamilyhadnomoneyB.hismotherwantedtoteachhimherselfC.hedidn'tlikeschoolD.therewasnoschoolnearhishomeC.hedidn'tlikeschool()33.OnthefarmmostofthetimelittleLincolnwas.A.happyB.unhappyC.worriedD.angry()34.IttookMrs.Lincolntomakeatriptothetown.A.awholedayB.aquarterofadayC.threehoursD.twodays()35.WhatwasthepresentforAbraham'sbirthday?A.Amooncake.B.Anewbook.C.Anoldbook.D.Aschoolbag.(C)BeijingOperaisournationalplay.Youcanlearnthemusic,danceandartwhenyouenjoyBeijingOpera.Ithasalonghistoryandisveryfamousaroundtheworld.InordertomakeBeijingOperawiderandmakethemiddleschoolstudentsloveanddevelop(发展)ourChineseculture,ourcountrymakesaproject.ThatistotakeBeijingOperaintostudents'musicclasses.NowmanystudentscanenjoyBeijingOperainclass.However,onlyafewpeoplethinkit'simportantandusefulformiddleschoolstudents.Mostpeoplethinkthatstudentsareverybusywiththeirlessonsandit'sawasteoftimetolearnBeijingOpera.MostpeopleareafraidthatsomemusicteachersknowlittleaboutBeijingOperaanditshistory.Mostparentsalwaysask“Isitusefulforchildren'sfuturetolearnBeijingOpera?”WeneedalongwaytogotomakeBeijingOperacomeintoclasses.根据短文内容，完成任务。任务一：判断正误。()36.Manypeopleagreewiththecountry'sproject.()37.MostpeoplethinkstudentsaretoobusytolearnBeijingOpera.任务二：将画线句子译成中文。38.任务三：选择正确答案。()39.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.LearningBeijingOperacanmakestudentslearnaboutChineseculture.SomepeoplethinkBeijingOperacanhelpstudentslittle.BeijingOperahasalonghistoryinChina.BothA,BandC.任务四：回答问题。40.Doyouthinkit'shelpfulformiddleschoolstudentstolearnBeijingOpera?why?第三部分写作（25分）词汇。（10分）（A）根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。IfeelhandIwanttoeatsomething.IlikelisteningtoYangKun'ssongsbecausehisvsoundsbeautiful.Everymorningtheclockmakesmewup.IwanttobeaupersonforthesocietywhenIgrowup.Beijingroastdisfamousallovertheworld.（B）根据句意及汉语提示填空。Thewoman（出售）outthevegetablesinashorttime.Itwas（黑暗的）,butthefarmerswerestillworkinghardonthefarm.Mylittlesonlikestocollect（火柴）boxes.IvisitedtheNational（博物馆）ofChinawithmyclassmateslastSunday.Iwantedtoplaycomputergamesafterfinishingmyhomework,butmymotherdidn't（同意）.句型转换。（5分）Iwasmakingmodelplaneswhenmymothercameback.（对画线部分提问）whenyourmothercameback?Ithinkclassicalmusicisboring.（改为否定句）Iclassicalmusicisboring.Mymotherwasdoingthedishesatthattime.（同义句转换）Mymotherwasatthattime.Hereadastory-booklastnight.（改为过去进行时）Heastory-bookateighto'clocklastnight.Hewasn'toldenoughtogotoschool.（同义句转换）Hewasyounggotoschool.III.书面表达。（10分）以“HowdidyouspendlastSunday?Didyouhaveagoodtime?WhatwereyoudoingatdifferenttimeslastSunday?”为内容，写一篇80词左右的短文。提示：watchamovie,climbmountains,playbasketball,visitfriends,playcomputergames,dohousework...,happy,excited,sad...1.B由atthistimeyesterday时间状语可知,动作或事件是持续地发生在过去的某一个确切时间内。此类情况要用过去进行时态来表示。故选B。A考查固定搭配too…to…“太......而不能......”。故选A。C根据句意“英国人习惯在火车上看报纸来打发时间”，而passthetime有“排遣、打发时间”的意思，故选C。B根据题意“一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行”可知when为正确答案。其他答案不能表示主句在进行的状态。故选B。A根据句意“一个女孩在玩蛇”可知“她是一个大胆的人”，故选A。B特指某一天的上午、下午或晚上常用on,故选B。C由It'sOK可反推“病情不是很严重”,而且修饰不定代词的形容词必须后置，可排除A、B和D。C根据短语inalowvoice是“低声说（秘密）”可知，故选C。D根据短语“win+赛事（活动）”和“beat+比赛主体”可知，故选D。Dstoptodosth.指的是“停下来，去做另一件事情”,stopdoingsth.是指“把正在做的事情停下来”，根据句意不能选B，A、C均不能与stop搭配，故选D。11.Whatdidyoudo?Whatwereyoudoingfrom8:00a.m.to9:00a.m.yesterday?Areyougoingtobeamusicianwhenyougrowup?Whereareyougoingnow?Wouldyouliketojoinme?III.16.C根据句意“同学们早晨在车站集合见面”可知，故选C。A根据句意“同学们上车之前向父母道别”可知，故选A。B