《新视野大学英语预备级1》教案

新视野大学英语读写教程（预备级第一册）教案NewHorizonCollegeEnglish大学外语教研部Unit1AlfredNobel:AManofPeaceNobelPrizeisanawardcreatedandpaidforbythewillofAlfredNobel,andisgiveneveryyearforoutstandingachievementinoneoffivefields.BythetermofNobePswill,thephysicsandchemistryprizesaredecidedbytheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciences;thephysiologyormedicineprize,bytheKarolinskaInstituteofStockholm;theliteratureprizebytheSwedishAcademy;andthepeaceprize,byacommitteeoftheNorwegiangovernment.Eachwinnerispresentedagoldmedalandasumthatby1980wasabout$200,000.Thesefiveawardswerefirstgivenin1901.Asixthaward,theNobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicScience,wascreatedandpaidforin1968bySverigesRiksbank,theSwedishnationalbank,andfirstawardedin1969.ItisdecidedbytheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciences.I.Lead-inDiscussion:HastherebeenanyChinesepeople(includingoverseasChinese)awardedtheNobelPrize?Namethemandtheawardstheywin.TheChinesethatwontheNobelPrize:.李政道(T.D.Lee,1926・)1957年因发现弱相互作用下宇称不守衡,从而导致有关基本粒子的重大发现获诺贝尔物理学奖。.杨振宁(C.N.Yang,1922り1957年因发现弱相互作用下字称不守衡,从而导致有关基本粒子的重大发现获诺贝尔物理学奖。.丁肇中(S.C.C.Ting,1936・)1976年因发现新的J/屮基本粒子获诺贝尔物理学奖。4李远哲(Y.T.Lee,1936-)1986年因在化学反应的动力学方面的贡献获诺贝尔化学奖。.朱棣文(StevenChu,1948-)1997年因发明用激光冷却和捕获原子的方法获诺贝尔物理学奖。.崔琦(D.C.Tsuil939・)1998年因发现并研究电子的分数量子霍尔效应获诺贝尔物理学奖。.高银(CharlesKuenKao,1933-)以及两名美国科学家韦拉徳•博伊尔(WillardBoyle)和乔治・史密斯(GeorgeSmith)因为他们在光纤和半导体领域上的开创性研究获得2009年诺贝尔物理学奖。II.SentenceAnalysisThenewspaperstorycontinued,givingAlfredNobel'sage,nation,andotherinformationabouthisbusiness.(Para.1)story:areportinanewspaperornewsbroadcastaboutarecentevent(报纸或广播中的)新闻报道Meaning:Thenewspaperstorywenton,tellingreadershowoldAlfredNobelwas,wherehewasfromandwhathedidforbusiness.中文翻译:那家报纸继续报道了他的年龄、国籍及其他有关他生意的信息。However,thewordsabout''tradingindeath”wereallthatthe55-year-oldmanread.(Para.1)Note:这里that引导的是定语从句,all是先行词。当先行词是all的时候,必须用that来引导定语从句。Meaning:...the55-year-oldmanwasonlyconcernedaboutthewordsabout"tradingindeath”.中文翻译:然而,这个55岁的人从报纸上看到的只有关于他''拿死亡做交易”的言辞。butthedecisionthathemadeasaresultfinallygavehimwhathewanted.(Para.6)asaresult:causedorproducedbysth.else作为结果,结果是Meaning:...butasaresultofthewrongreporthisdecisiongavehimwhathewantedatlast.中文翻译:……但是他因此做出的决定最终使他如愿以偿。...nowtheworldthinksofhimthewayhewantedtoberemembered...(Para.6)Meaning:...nowpeoplethinkofhimasthekindofmanthathewantedthemtoremember...中文翻译:……现在,全世界按照他所希望的方式怀念他,铭记他……III.WordStudyl.call:v.useanameforsb/sth,describesb/sth把某人/某物叫做e.g.HisnameisRichardbutweallcallhimDick.他的名字是理查德,但是我们都叫他迪克。(Dick是Richard的昵称,如Tom是Thomas的昵称,英文中这种情况很多。)Peoplecalledhimaheroforwhathedid.因为他所做的事而称他为英雄。trade:v.buyorsellgoods买卖货物,从事交易(trade是个不及物动词,需要带上宾语时要用tradeinsth.)e.g.Mostofhisfriendstradesinoilproductsandbecamerich.他的大部分朋友都做本村产品的生意,他们都富起来了。Wecanbecomerichbytradingwithothercountries.通过与其他国家交易我们可以变得富裕。spend:v.①usetimeforsth.花时间,度过e.g.Wouldyouliketospendtheweekendwithus?你是否愿意和我们ー起过周末?Iwillspendtwohoursdoingmyhomeworktoday.今天我得用两个小时做家庭作业。②giveoutmoneyinpayment花钱e.g.Ispent500,000yuanonanewhouse.我花了50万元买了一套新房子。Shewouldratherspendthansave,她有钱宁愿花掉，也不肯积蓄。invent:v.makeorproduceanewthingorideaforthefirsttime发明;仓リ造e.g.AlexanderBellinventedthetelephonein1876.亚历山大・贝尔在1876年发明了电话。Whoinventedthecomputer?是谁发明的计算机?wonder:v.(1)wishtoknow想知道;对 感到疑惑e.g.1wonderwhatreallyhappenedtoourbusiness.我想知道我们的生意到底出了什么事。Wewerejustwonderinghowtomakethejobperfect.我们正在琢磨该怎样把工作做得最好。②feelgreatsurprise感到惊奇Weallwonderedattheinvention(发明)ofexplosives.我们都对炸药的发明感到惊讶。Thefactthatshelefthomeisnottobewonderedat.她离家出走是不足为奇的。concentrate:v.togivesomeoneaprize授予(奖项或奖品)e.g.MerylStreepwasawardedaprizeasBestActresslastyear.梅丽尔•斯特里普去年被授最佳女演员称号。TheschoolawardedJudyaprizeforhergoodwork.因为功课好学校发给朱迪ー份奖品。beworriedabout:为 担心,为 发愁Ifyouareworriedaboutyourhealth,talktoyourdoctor.如果为健康状况担心,同你的医生谈谈。Hewasworriedaboutmeetinghiswifeaftersomanythingshappened.在发生了那么多的事情之后,他不敢同他的妻子见面。learnof:获悉,得知,了解Hewassadwhenhelearnedofhisbrother'ssuddendeath.他获悉哥哥的突然死亡,非常悲伤。Shewasnevertolearnofhisplansasheleftthenextdayandneverreturned.她永远都无从知道他的计划了,因为他第二天就离开了而且一去不返。ExercisesTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishusingthewordsinthebrackets..据报道,他非常富有,是做武器交易的。(tradein)“据报道 “可以用Itisreportedthat来翻译。武器交易可以用题中给出的tradein,译成tradeinweapons〇据报道后面跟两个从句,注意重复连接词that。It,sreportedthatheisveryrichandthatheisamanwhotradesinweapons..任何国家的人,无论男女,都应反对战争,因为战争会毁灭国家。(destroy)反对:beagainstMenorwomenofanycountryshouldbeagainstwarasitcandestroythecountry..人们称诺贝尔是一个致カ于和平事业的人和一个富有爱心的人。(amanfullof)“称为 ”可用课文中学的动词call〇PeoplecallNobelamanofpeaceandamanfulloflove..在雨季渡过那条河非常危险。(crosstheriver)“雨季"译成therainingseasontocrosstheriver是个动词不定式短语,因此翻译时可用it做形式主语。Itisverydangeroustocrosstheriverduringtherainingseason..他不知所措,因为对他来说开山修路是件新鲜事。(buildroadsthroughmountains)不知所措可译成didnotknowwhattodo,动词不定式短语的处理同上。Hedidnotknowwhattodo,asitwasnewtobuildroadsthroughmountains.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.AlfredNobelinventedhisexplosiveataperfectmomentintime.注意perfect的翻译。诺贝尔在最合适不过的时刻发明了他的炸药。Hewantedtothinkofthebestwayforpeopletousehismoneyafterhisdeath〇thinkof的翻译,death这里不能直译为“死亡”,注意选词。他要考虑在他逝世后让人们用佳方式使用他的遗产。Theworldthinksofhimthewayhewantedtoberemembered:Nobel,amanofpeace,注思toberemembered是被动态全世界按照他所希望的方式怀念他,铭记他:诺贝尔,ー个致カ于和平事业的人。Hedecidedthatafterhedied,hismoneyshouldbeusedforaprizetohonorpeoplewhodidgreatthingsinscience,writing,andworldpeace.结合整个句子的语境,writing应译为“文学”他做出决定,在他去世之后,他的遗产应当用来奖励那些在科学、文学和世界和平等领域做出卓越贡献的人。ThefirstNobelPrizeswereawardedin1901,andtheyverysoonbecamethegreatesthonorthatapersoncouldreceiveinthesefields.NobelPrizes是个专有名词,thegreatesthonor应结合汉语的表达习惯译为“最高荣誉”。最早的诺贝尔奖是在190I年授予的,这个奖项不久便成为人们在上述领域所能获得的最高荣誉。SpotlightonGrammar不定式主动语态表示被动意义Hecreatedhisexplosivetosavelives—livesthatwerelostbecauseotherexplosivesweredangeroustouse.(PassageA,Unit1)这句中的touse是不定式的主动语态,但表示被动意义。英语中有两种语态:主动语态(activevoice)和被动语态(passivevoice)〇一般來说,主动语态表示主动意义,被动语态表示被动意义。然而,主动语态有时也可用来表示被动意义。不定式的主动语态表示被动意义往往用在SVC(adj.+inf.)句型,即“主语+动词+主语补语”句型,其中的主语补语由“形容词+不定式’‘构成。用于这ー句型的形容词较常见的有easy,hard,difficult,good,comfortable,possible,impossible等。在这种情况下，不定式必须用主动语态表示被动意义,不可用被动语态。例如:Applesaregoodtoeat.♦Applesarcgoodtobeeaten.(・表示此用法不可接受。下同。)Thestoryishardtobelieve(相信).*Thestoryishardtobebelieved.不定式主动语态表示被动意义不但可用于单词动词(single・wordverbs),如上例,也可用于多词动词(multi・wordverbs)。英语中的多词动词有以下几种类型:动词+介词,动词+副词小品词,动词+副词小品词+介词,动词+名词+介词等。例如:Thechairiscomfortabletositin.*Thcchairiscomfortabletobesatin.Thesickbabywasdifficulttolookafter.*Thesickbabywasdifficulttobelookedafter.Unit2SpeakingofMenandWomenI.Lead-inDiscussion:Whatdoyouthinkisthemaindifferencebetweenmenandwomen,intheirappearanceorpersonality?Doyouthinkmenshouldalwaysdresslikemen,andwomenshoulddresslikewomen?Shouldtherebeanydifferencebetweenmenandwomenatworkandathome?“Womenholduphalfthesky“wasanoldsayingpopularinthe1960s.What'syouropinionaboutit?GivesomeexamplesintheEnglishlanguagethatshowthechangesasaresultofthewomen'smovement.II.SentenceAnalysisfinditveryinteresting.(Line3)Note:词组veryinteresting是宾语补足语,用来补足说明宾语it,类似的表达方式还有:Ifindthatbookverydifficulttounderstand.我觉得那本书很难懂。Wedidnotfindthefilmfunny.我们不觉得这部电影有意思。Thatusedtosuggestaman,notawoman.(Line3)Note:不要混淆usetodosth.和beusedto(doing)sth.,前者指过去曾经发生的事;后者强习惯于做某事e.g.Iusedtoliveonmyown.我以前是ー个人住的。Iamusedtolivingonmyown.我习惯ー个人住。Meaning:inthepast,peoplealwaysusedthatwordtorefertoaman,notawoman.中文翻译：这个词过去总是指男性,不指女性。Theymightthinkofsomesilly,beautifulwomanwho'smoreworriedaboutherhairthansheisabouttheplay.(Line15)Note:此句中的some意为“某ー个”,而不是“ー些”。类似的用法还有:Forsomereasonhedidn'taccepttheprize.出于某种原因他没有接受这个奖〇Meaning:Theymightthinkofafoolish,beautifulwomanwhoisworriedaboutherhairstyles,butnotsoworriedaboutthesuccessoftheplay.中文翻译：他们也许会想到某个傻乎乎的漂亮女人,她对自己头发的关心程度远远大于她对表演的关心。Ifyoutraveltoothercultures,you'llfindallsortsofamazingthings.（Line37）allsortsof:allkindsof各种各样的She,sgotallsortsofproblemsatthemoment.她现在有各种各样的难题。sort:n.agroupofthingsthataresimilarinsomeway;type种类,类另リNote:"sortof'canalsobeusedwhenyouarenotsureaboutsth.（用以表示对某事无把握）It'ssortoflongandthin,abitlikeapencil,那个东西好像是细长的,有点像铅笔。Meaning:Ifyougotoothercountrieswithdifferentcultures,youwillfindallkindsofsurprisingthings.中文翻译:如果你到其他不同文化的国家去,便会发现各种各样令人惊讶的事情。III.WordsandPhrasessuggest:v.①saysth.indirectly暗示e.g.Hersilencesuggestedanger.她的沉默暗示愤怒。AreyousuggestingthatIamnottellingthetruth?你的意思是我没有讲实话?②putforwardanideaforconsideration建议;提出（想法等）e.g.I'dliketosuggestanotherplanforourbusiness.我想为我们的生意提出另外一个计划。Canyousuggesthowweshoulddoit?你能建议我们该怎么做吗?prefer:v.chooseoneratherthananother;likeonebetterthananother更喜欢prefertodosth.preferAtoBe.g.Shepreferscoffeetotea.与茶相比,她更喜欢咖啡。Ipreferwalkingtodrivingacar.我愿意步行,不愿意开车。remove:v.getridof移去,去除e.g.Hiswordsremovedthedoubts（疑虑）inhermind.他的话打消了她的疑虑。Whenoilisaddedtothefood,itisdifficulttoremoveit.一旦把油掺杂到食品里,就很难再把它除去。suppose:v.①thinkoracceptastrueorpossible认为:猜想e.g.Idon'tsupposethathewillagreetooursuggestion.我认为他不会同意我们的建议。②haveasacondition假设e.g.Thecompan/sdecisionsupposesgrowingsales.公司的决定假设了销售是不断增长的。sound:v.①toshowaparticularemotionorqualityinone'svoice听起来sound+adj.e.g.Whathedescribedsoundsreasonable.他的描述听起来合情合理。②toproduceasound,ortomakesomethingproduceasound（使）发严e.g.Thebellsoundedwhenthemailarrived.邮件来时,铃声响了〇mean…by:showinwritingorspeech,etc.bytheuseof用 表ホ 的思思e.g.WhatMarxmeantbyaparticularsocietywasagroupofpeoplemakingalivingtogethe匚马克思所说的社会就是人们有组织地在ー起生活。Whatdoyoumeanbyopeningmyletterswithoutpermission?没得到允许就拆开我的信,你用意何在?endin:haveasaresultattheend结果为,以 结束e.g.Theirmarriageendsindivorce,他们的婚姻以离婚告终。Hisplanendedinfailure.他的计划以失败告终。agreewith:havethesameopinionas(sb.)同意 的观点e.g.Weallagreewithhimabouttheneedforanewteachingbuilding.他提出需要建一座新教学楼,我们都表示同意。Foronce,sheagreedwithDad.总算有一次她同意了爸爸的看法。IV.ExercisesTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishusingthewordsinthebrackets..因为他对各种文化和习俗感兴趣,他访问过20个国家。(allsorts〇。“对……感兴趣”可用词组beinterestedin因为句中是“访问过”,所以要用完成时态。Hehasvisited20countries,asheisinterestedinallsortsofculturesandcustoms..诺贝尔希望人们把他作为热爱和平的人来记住他。(prefer)Note:prefer这个词的过去式和过去分词要双写字母r。Nobelpreferredpeopletorememberhimasamanofpeace..但不是人人都同意你的观点,认为男人和女人具有同样的能力。(agreewith)Butnoteveryonewouldagreewithyouthatmenandwomenhavethesameabilities..这是ー个很好的例子,说明在妇女运动的影响下语言是如何变化的。(asaresultof)Thatisaverygoodexampleofhowthelanguagehaschangedasaresultofthewomen'smovement..两性在语言上的差异,实际上在所有语言中都有。(bepresentin)Thedifferencesbetweenthesexesinlanguageare,infact,presentinanykindoflanguage.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.Iknowyou'vewrittenalotabouthowlanguagechangeswhenwetalkaboutthetwosexes.我知道,你写了很多论著,探讨人们在谈论两性时语言如何发生变化。YouknowEnglishhasseveralspecialwordsthatpeoplesometimesusewhenthey'retalkingaboutwomen.你知道,英语中有一些特殊的词是人们谈论女性时常用的。Wc\echangeddozensofwordsdescribingjobs.许多描述职业的词都改变了〇Theymightthinkofsomesilly,beautifulwomanwho'smoreworriedaboutherhairthansheisabouttheplay.他们也许会想到某个傻乎乎的漂亮女人,她对自己头发的关心程度远远大于她对表演的关心。Ifyoutraveltoothercultures,you'llfindallsortsofamazingthings.如果你在异国文化中徜徉,便会发现各种各样令人惊讶的事情。V.SpotlightonGrammarasif/asthough分句中的动词形式However,somewomendon'tlikesuchwordsbecausetheyfeelasifthesewordsmakethemlessimportantthanmen.（PassageA,Unit2）在这句中,从属连词asif引导ー个主语补语分句。此分句中的动词形式是make,也就是说用的是直陈语气,而不是虚拟语气,这是因为有些妇女认为使用actress,poetess等词确实会使她们显得不如男人重要。从属连词asif和asthough意义和用法都相同，可用来引导主语补语分句（subjectcomplementclause）或状语分句（adverbialclause）。究竟用哪种形式应视具体情况而定。E.g.：（1）Hewalksasifheisdrunk.（2）Hewalksasifheweredrunk.上例第（1）句的含义是“从他走路的样子可以判断他喝醉了”。而第（2）句含义是“他走起路来似乎是醉醺醺的,但其实他没喝醉”。从这两个例句可以看出,在asif/asthough分句中,当说话者认为分句中的内容是事实,或可能是事实,或很可能发生,就用直陈语气;而当说话者认为分句中的内容不是事实,或不可能发生,则用虚拟语气。又如:直陈语气:Helooksasifheissick（他很可能真的病了。）Youlookasifyou'vebeenrunning.（你可能真的在跑步。）Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.（或许真的要下雨了。）Itlooksasifweshallhavetodotheworkourselves.（或许我们真的要自己來做了。）虚拟语气：Itwas（ashot）asifwewereonthesun.（我们不可能在太阳上。）Itseemedasifthenightwouldneverend.（黑夜总会结束的。）Heoftentalkstomeasifheweremyfather.（事实上他不是我的父亲。）SheoftentellsussomethingaboutShakespeareasthoughshehadmethim.（事实上她从未遇见过莎士比亚。）当分句动词用于直陈语气时,其形式应与主句动词相呼应,即如主句动词是现在时,分句动词也必须用属于现在范畴的时态;如主句动词是过去时,则分句动词也要用属于过去范畴的时态。例如:Helooksasifheissick.Helookedasifhewassick.ItseemsasifhehaslearnedsomeEnglish.ItseemedasifhehadlearnedsomeEnglish.Theboyisveryquietasifheissleeping.Theboywasveryquietasifhewassleeping.Itlooksasifitwillrainsoon.Itlookedasifitwouldrainsoon.当分句动词用于虚拟语气时,其形式常用过去时或过去完成时。当分句所表示的时间和主句所表示的时间相同,通常用过去时;而当分句所表示的时间先于主句所表示的时间,则用过去完成时。例如:Theboytalksasifhewere/wasamanofforty.（注:如动词为be»其一般过去时形式可用were/was»通常were用于较正式的语体,而was用于非正式语体。）（talk和be所表示的时间相同。）Heworksasthoughheneverfelttired,（work和fee!所表示的时间相同。）Shelookedasifshewere/waslisteningtosomebeautifulmusic.（look和listen所表示的时间相同。）Heoftentellsstoriesaboutthewarasthoughhehadtakenpartinit.（takepartin先于tell〇）IfeltverytiredasifIhadn'tsleptaminutethenightbefore,（sleep先于feel〇）Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears,（be先于taiko）当分句所表示的时间迟于主句所表示的时间,分句动词通常用would+动词原形。例如:Therainhasbeenfallingforsomanydaysasifitwouldneverstop,（stop迟于fal!〇）Hedidn'tworkveryhardasifhewouldgiveup.（giveup迟于work）Unit3TryingtoFitintoaNewFamilyI.Lead-inDiscussion:Islivingwithrelativesagoodchoiceforchildrenwhohavelosttheirparentsinaccident?Howcangovernmentandthesocietyhelpthosechildren?Whatkindsofdifficultynewmembersmightfacewhentryingtofitintoanewfamily?Asacollegestudent,whatcanyoudotohelpthosechildren?II.SentenceAnalysisThethreechildrensatintheairplane,watchingthecloudsclearawayastheairplanewenthigherandhigherintothesky.（Para.1）Note:动词watch后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to,这类感官动词还有feel,see,hear,lookat,listento等。如:Isawhimcome.我看见他来了。Iheardhimsing.我听见他唱歌了。中文翻译:三个孩子坐在机舱里,注视着云彩随着飞机升空渐渐消散开去。Twoyearsago,beforetheirparents'death,itwouldhavebeenfun.（Para.1）Note:虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只隐含在上下文中,如:WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou?如果没有你,我怎么办呢?（条件隐含在介词短语withoutyou中。）Meaning:Twoyearsago,whentheirparentswerestillalive,travelingbyairwouldhavebeensomethingtheyenjoyed.中文翻译:如果两年前父母还在世的时候,这一定很让人开心。Theyweretocelebratetheirfifteenthweddinganniversary.（Para.3）Note:"betodo''isusedtoshowthatsth.musthappenorthatsth.hasbeenprepared（用以表不必会发生或已安排好的事）.Youaretoleaveherebefore10o,clock.你必须在10点之前离开这里。TheyaretogetmarriedinJune.他们准备6月结婚。中文翻译:他们要庆祝结婚15周年纪念日。WouldSusiehavebeensoself-willediftheirmotherhadbeenalive?（Para.6）Note:虚拟条件句所表示的假设是不可能或不太可能发生或实现的。在与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句中,条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词,结果主句的谓语用should（第一人称）或would（第二、三人称）+have+过去分词,例如:Iwouldn'thaveknownwhatthesewereforifIhadn'tbeentold.假如没有人告诉我,我不会知道这些东西是做什么用的。Wewouldhavevisitedherifwehadhadtime,假如我们有时间,我们就会去拜访她了。Meaning:WouldSusiehavebeenagirlwhofollowedherownwishesandnotlistenedtoothers'adviceiftheirmotherhadbeenalive?中文翻译:假如妈妈还活着,苏西会像现在这样任性吗?WordsandPhrases.celebratev.dosth.pleasanttoshowaneventisspecial庆祝e.g.It*sourcustomtocelebrateourbirthdaywithaparty.我们习惯开个晚会庆祝我们的生日。NationalDayiscelebratedeveryyearinourcountry.我们国家每年都庆祝国庆节。anniversaryn.[C]theyearlydateonwhichsomespecialeventhappenedinthepast周年令匚念e.g.Hewantedtogivehiswifeahappysurpriseontheirweddinganniversary.他想在结婚纪念日给他妻子一个惊喜。It'sthetwentiethanniversaryofhisdeath.今天是他逝世20周年纪念日。ratheradv.insomeway;quite在一定程度上,相当e.g.Itisrathercoldtoday,今天相当冷。shehadsomeratherinterestingnewstotellus.她要告诉我们ー些很有趣的消息。comfortv.makesb.feellessworriedorunhappy安慰,抚慰e.g.Itriedtocomfortmymotheraftergrandma'sdeath.外祖母去世后,我尽力安慰母亲。Shewascomfortingacrychild.她在安慰ー个哭泣的孩子。n.[C;U](sb.orsth.thatgives)afeelingofbeingfreefromworriesorunhappiness安慰,抚慰e.g.Herchildrenwereagreatcomforttoherwhenshewasill.她生病的时候,她的孩子们给了她极大的安慰。Youhavebeenarealcomforttome.你的确是我的安慰。shockn.[C;U]afeelingofsurpriseusuallycausedbyasuddenunpleasantevent废惊,冲击e.g.Theyoungprofessor'sdeathwasagreatshocktousall.那位年轻教授的去世使我们都很震惊。Iwasnotabletospeakfromtheshock.我惊骇得说不出话来。v.causegreatsurprise使震际e.g.Shewasshockedwhensheheardthatthebuildingwastobepulleddown.当她听说那座楼要被拆毁时,非常震惊。Sheknewhowmuchthebadnewswouldshockme.她知道那个坏消息会使我多么震惊。stayv.①beinaplace,position,etc,停留,保持e.g.Canyoustayfordinner?你能留下来吃晩饭吗?Icanヤstay.Evegotanimportantmeeting,我不能留下,我有一个很重要的会议要参加。②liveinaplaceasaguestforashorttime做客，暂住e.g.Theystayedatahotelwheretheycouldcook..他们住在一家可以自己做饭的旅馆。Whydon'tyoustayforthenight?你为何不留下来过夜?standupto:notaccept拒绝:对抗e.g.Youshouldstanduptoherabitmore.你应该顶撞她ー下。Somebody'sgottostanduptothem.必须有人敢于和他们斗争。nolonger:notanymoree.g.Theynolongerlivehere,他们已不住在这里了。Bythattimehewasnolongerachild.那时他已经不再是个孩子了。IV.ExercisesATranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishusingthewordsinthebrackets..这些孩子正在设法适应新的环境。(fitinto)设法:trytodosthThesechildrenaretryingtofitintotheirnewconditions..夫妇两人打算今年庆祝结婚20周年纪念日。(celebrate)打算:begoingto；20周年:用序数词Thehusbandandwifearegoingtocelebratetheirtwentiethweddinganniversarythisyear..这个男人喜欢看报,也喜欢照料小孩。(lookafter)喜欢:这里用enjoydoingsthThismanenjoysreadingnewspaperandlookingafterhischild..他发现女儿正躺在床上看书。(lieinbed)发现某人正做某事:findsb.doingsth.动词lie的现在进行时形式是lyingHefoundhisdaughterlyinginbedandreadingabook..她皮肤白皙,头发呈红色,一双碧蓝的眼睛,看上去比以前更漂亮了。(fairskin)看上去:look,look为系动词,后面加形容词;比以前更漂亮了:用比较级形式;漂亮:beautiful,为多音节词,因此比较级的形式为morebeautifulWithherveryfairskin,redhairandblueeyes,shelooksmorebeautifulthanbefore.B.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.Thethreechildrensatintheairplane,watchingthecloudsclearawayastheairplanewenthigherandhigherintothesky.三个孩子坐在机舱里,注视着云彩随着飞机升空渐渐消散开去。Althoughtheirfatheroftenspentdaystravelingroundthesheepfarmlookingatthesheep,grass,andfences,theirmotherwasalwaysthere.spendsometimedoingsth.花时间做某事;lookingat…为现在分词短语做伴随状语,动词look的逻辑主语是theirfather,>虽然父亲常常一连几天绕着牧羊场转来转去,照看着绵羊、草地和围栏,但母亲总是在他们身旁。ThedayAmylearnedofthecaraccidentandherparents'deathinSydney,sherealizedwhatitreallymeanttobetheeldestinthefamily.词组learnof前面学习过,意思为获悉;what引导的是宾语从句。得知父母在悉尼死于车祸的那一天,艾米就意识到了作为家里的长女真正意味着什么。Susiewastooyoungtorealizeexactlywhathadhappened,butthroughwatchingtheotherchildren,sheknewitwassomethingterrible.to〇…to…结构的意思为“太 而不能”。terrible为后置定语，修饰something苏西当时年纪太小,未能确切地意识到究竟出了什么事,但通过观察其他孩子,她知道可怕的事情发生了。Amyknewthatsheneededafirmparent,butitoftenseemedeasiertoavoidafightthantostanduptoherinpublic.艾米知道苏西需要ー个严厉的大人管教,但似乎阻止一场打斗都比在众人面前驳斥她更容易。V.SpotlightonGrammar “beto+不定式”表示将来时间Theyweretocelebratetheirfifteenthweddinganniversary.（PassageA,Unit3）此句中的weretocelebrate（即beto+不定式）表示按计划或安排将要发生的事情。“beto+不定式”结构常用来表示:.表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作或事情。例如:IamtohaveteawithMarythisafternoon.Theyaretogetmarriednextmonth.这种情况下动词be也可用过去式,表示过去将来时间。例如：Themeetingwastobeheldthefollowingweek.Therewastobeadinnerpartywhentheguestsarrived.“begoingto+不定式”也可用来表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作或事情,且常可与“beto+不定式”换用。例如:Wearegoingto/aretohavethefinalexamnextweek.Thereisgoingto/istobeaclassmeetingat2o'clockthisafternoon.但是,需注意的是,“beto+不定式”的结构通常只表示受人意志控制的将来动作。如要表达不受人意志控制的将来动作,则必须用“begoingto+不定式”,而不能用“beto+不定式”。例如:It'sgoingtorain.［误］It'storain.Sheisgoingtobecomefatter.［误］Sheistobecomefatter..表示命令或禁止（意义接近must/haveto）。例如:Youaretobebackbynineo'clock.Youaretostayhereallthetime..表示说话人认为注定要发生的动作或事情。例如：Heistofailsoonerorlater.Betterdaysaresoontofollow..表示说话人认为应该做的事情（意义接近should/oughtto）。例如:Studentsaretorememberallthesewords.Wearetohelpeachother..表示能够,可能(常用于否定句和疑问句,意义接近can/may)。例如:Nobodywastobeseenintheclassroom.Notausefulbookistobefoundinthislibrary..表示想要,打算(常用于条件分句)。例如:IfyouaretospeakEnglishwell,youmustpracticehard.Ifwearetofinishtheworkontime,we'llhavetobequick.Unit4StoppingSmokinginPublicPlaces?I.Discussion:Howdoyoufeelwhenyoufindsomeoneissmokinginpublic?Doesanyoneinyourfamilysmoke?Whatdoyouthinkofit?Whatbadresultsdoyouthinksmokingwillbringabout?It'sreportedthatChinawillbansmokinginallpublicindoorplacesandsomeoutdoo