考研考博-英语-安徽建筑大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽建筑大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

ThenewtechnologicalrevolutioninAmericannewspapershasbroughtincreased（

）awiderangeofpublicationsandanexpansionofnewspaperjobs.

问题1选项

A.manipulation

B.reproduction

C.circulation

D.penetration

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。manipulation“操纵，操作”；reproduction“繁殖，复制”；circulation“流通，发行量”；penetration“渗透”。句意：新的科技革命给美国报纸业带来了发行量的增长、出版物的扩大以及报纸就业机会的增加。C项符合句意，答案C

2.单选题

Icertainlydidn’tintendto______yourplans.

问题1选项

A.upset

B.shake

C.shave

D.drag

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项upset“打乱；打翻”；B选项shake“摇动，抖动”；C选项shave“剃毛”；D选项drag“（使劲而吃力地）拖”。句意：我当然不想______你的计划。根据语境，这里指的是不想妨碍计划，A选项upset“打乱”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

ThewholeembarrassinginthebarwasagreatdisappointmenttothemandsetabadexampleofEnglishhospitality.

问题1选项

A.incident

B.accident

C.thing

D.matter

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项incidentn.事件，事变，插曲；B选项accidentn.事故，意外；C选项thingn.事情，东西，情况；D选项mattern.物质，原因。句意：酒吧里那件令人尴尬的事让他们非常失望，这为英国人的好客树立了一个不好的典范。因此，正确答案为A项。

4.单选题

Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930’swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffer.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountyhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandin-kindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,andhence,whetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

1.Whichofthefollowingistheprincipaltopicofthepassage?

2.Theauthoruses“labormarketproblems”inlines1-2torefertowhichofthefollowing?

3.Theauthorcontraststhe1930’swiththepresentinordertoshowthat（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingproposalsbestrespondstotheissuesraisedbytheauthor?

5.Theauthorstatesthatthemitigatingeffectofsocialprogramsinvolvingincometransfersontheincomeleveloflow-incomepeopleisoftennotfeltby（）.

问题1选项

A.Whatcauseslabormarketpathologiesthatresultinsuffering?

B.Whyincomemeasuresareimpreciseinmeasuringdegreesofpoverty?

C.Whichofthecurrentlyusedstatisticalproceduresarethebestforestimatingtheincidenceofhardshipthatisduetounemployment?

D.Howsocialstatisticsgiveanunclearpictureofthedegreeofhardshipcausedbylowwagesandinsufficientemploymentopportunities?

问题2选项

A.Theoverallcausesofpoverty.

B.Deficienciesinthetrainingoftheworkforce.

C.Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods.

D.Shortagesofjobsprovidingadequateincome.

问题3选项

A.morepeoplewereunemployedinthe1930’s

B.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

C.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow

D.therenowisagreaterproportionofelderlyandhandicappedpeopleamongthoseinpoverty

问题4选项

A.Innovativeprogramsusingmultipleapproachesshouldbesetuptoreducethelevelofunemployment.

B.Acompromiseshouldbefoundbetweenthepositionsofthosewhoviewjoblessnessasanevilgreaterthaneconomiccontrolandthosewhoholdtheoppositeview.

C.Newstatisticalindicesshouldbedevelopedtomeasurethedegreetowhichunemploymentandinadequatelypaidemploymentcausesuffering.

D.Considerationshouldbegiventothewaysinwhichstatisticscanactaspartialcausesofthephenomenathattheypurporttomeasure.

问题5选项

A.theemployedpoor

B.dependentchildreninsingle-earnerfamilies

C.workerswhobecomedisabled

D.retiredworkers

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。第一段作者提出在很多方面，我们的社会统计夸大了失业的困苦程度。而在第二段又指出然而我们的社会统计也在很多方面低估了劳动力市场相关的困苦。文章主要是针对这俩方面进行分析。因此D项“社会统计如何就由低工资和不充足的雇佣机会导致的困苦程度给出一个不清楚的描写”比较能概括文章大意。

第2题:判断推理题。文章开头提出:Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?(有多少人真的因为劳务市场问题而受苦？)。第二段又指出:Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship(然而我们的社会统计也在很多方面低估了劳动力市场相关的困苦)。后面又提及unemployment(失业)和Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemployment(低工资和反复的或持续很久的失业)。由此可推测，“labormarketproblems”指“缺乏提供充足收入的工作”。

第3题:判断推理题。根据题干可定位至第一段:Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930'swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners...(如今的失业没有20世纪30年代的失业那样悲惨的结果，那时大多数的失业者是主要的养家糊口者)。

第4题:判断推理题。题干意为:下列哪一项建议最适合作者提出的问题?最后一段指出:Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems(在这场辩论中，只有一个领域是一致的，那就是现有的贫困、就业和收入统计数据不足以作为衡量劳动力市场问题后果的主要运用之一，（即衡量劳动力市场问题的后果）是不充分的)。由此推测C项“新的统计指标应该被开发来衡量失业和工资支付不足的就业导致的受苦程度”正确。

第5题:判断推理题。题干意为:作者指出，涉及收入转移的社会项目对低收入人群收入水平的缓解作用，往往没有对…受益。Finally,incometransfersinourcountyhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor(最后，收入转移在我们的国家一直关注老人、残疾人和依靠他人者，从而忽视了上班的穷人的需求…)。由此可推测，A项“被雇佣的穷人”正确。

5.单选题

Thetoneofthearticle（）thewriter’smoodatthetime.

问题1选项

A.reproduced

B.reflected

C.imagined

D.imitated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项reproduce“复制，繁殖”；B选项reflect“反射，反应”；C选项imagine“想象，猜想”；D选项imitate“模仿，仿制”。句意：这篇文章的语气反映了作者当时的心情。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。

6.单选题

VisitorstoBritainaresometimessurprisedtolearnthatnewspaperstherehavesuchalargecirculation.The“DailyMirror”andthe“DailyExpress”bothsellaboutfourmillioncopieseveryday.BritishfamiliesgenerallybuyanewspapereverymorningandfrequentlytaketwoorthreeonSundays.

Apartfromthenationalpapers,thereis,however,anotherbranchoftheBritishpresswhichsellsalmostasmanycopies.Localnewspapershaveaweeklycirculationof13million.Almosteverytownandcountryareahasone.Nearlyallofthemholdtheirownfinanciallyandmanyofthemareveryprofitable.

Thesepapersarewrittenalmostentirelyforreadersinterestedinlocalevents—births,weddings,deaths,councilmeetingsandsports—butthecontentisnaturallyinfluencedbythekindofcommunitytheyserve.Editorsprefertorelyonasmallstaffofpeoplewhoallknowthedistrictwell.Agreatdealoflocalnewsisregularlysuppliedbyclubsandchurchesintheneighborhoodanditdoesnotgetoutofdateasquicklyasnationalnews.Ifthereisnoroomforitinthisweek’sedition,anitemcansometimesbeheldoveruntilthefollowingweek.

Theeditormustneverforgetthatthesuccessofanynewspaperdependsonadvertising.Heisusuallyanxioustokeepthegoodwilloflocalbusinessmenforthisreason.Butifthenewspaperiswellwrittenandthenewsitemshavebeencarefullychosentoattractlocalreaders,thebusinessmenaregratefulfortheopportunitytokeeptheirproductsinthepubliceye.

Localnewspapersdonotoftencommentonproblemsofnationalimportanceandeditorsrarelyholdwithtakingsidesonpoliticalquestions.Buttheycanoftenbeofservicetothecommunityinexpressingpublicfeelingonlocalissues.Anewspapercansometimespersuadethecounciltotakeactiontoprovidebettershoppingfacilities,improvetransportintheareaandpreservelocalmonumentsandplacesofinterest.

Thesepapersoftensoundratherdullanditseemssurprisingthattheyallmakeprofit.Butformanypeopleinsmalltownsandvillagesthedeathofsomeoneknowntothemortheinstallationoftrafficlightsatabusystreetcornernearbycansometimesbemoreimportantthanadisasterinaforeigncountry.

1.Localnewspapershave（）

2.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

3.Inthewriter’sopinion,theeditormustrememberthatnopapercanpossiblysucceedwithout（）.

4.Alocalnewspapercanservethecommunityby（）.

5.Whyisitthatlocalpapersallmakeaprofit?

问题1选项

A.acirculationaslargeasthatofnationalnewspapers.

B.adailycirculationof13million.

C.aslightlysmallercirculationthannationalnewspapers.

D.anevenlargercirculation.

问题2选项

A.Everytownandcountryareahasatleastonepaperofitsown.

B.Nearlyalltownandcountryareashavetheirownpapers.

C.Thereisanewspaper,nationalorlocal,ineachtownandcountryarea.

D.Alotofremotetownandcountryareasdonothavetheirownpapers.

问题3选项

A.advertisements

B.interestingreports

C.agreatdealofnationalnews

D.anexcellentsalesmanager

问题4选项

A.expressingpublicfeelingonlocalissues

B.preservinglocalmonumentsandplacesofinterest

C.voicingitsviewonpoliticalquestions

D.providingmoreimportantnationalnews

问题5选项

A.Theyareaswellorganizedasthenationalpapers.

B.Theyarestaffedwithpeoplewhoknowtheirdistrictswell.

C.Theyhavehadsufficientsupportfromtheirclients.

D.Theirmainemphasisonlocaleventsmeetstheneedsofthecommunitytheyserve.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段Apartfromthenationalpapers,thereis,however,anotherbranchoftheBritishpresswhichsellsalmostasmanycopies.Localnewspapershaveaweeklycirculationof13million.（然而，除了全国性的报纸外，英国报业的另一个分支几乎卖了同样多的份。地方报纸每周的发行量为1300万份。）可以得知C选项“发行量比全国性报纸略小”正确。A选项“发行量与全国性报纸一样大”与原文不符；B选项“每日发行量为1300万份”，定位到第二段Localnewspapershaveaweeklycirculationof13million.（地方报纸每周的发行量为1300万份。）是周发行量，而不是日发行量；D选项“发行量更大”与原文不符。

2.判断推理题。B选项“几乎所有的城镇和农村地区都有自己的报纸”，定位到第二段Almosteverytownandcountryareahasone.（几乎每个城镇和农村地区都有一个。）因此B选项正确。A选项“每个城镇和农村地区都至少有一份自己的报纸”与原文不符，并没有说至少要有一份；C选项“在每个城镇和乡村地区都有一份全国性或地方性的报纸”，这个也与原文有出入；D选项“许多偏远的城镇和农村地区没有自己的报纸。”错误。

3.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第三段Theeditormustneverforgetthatthesuccessofanynewspaperdependsonadvertising.（编辑绝不能忘记任何报纸的成功都依赖于广告。）因此A选项“广告”正确。B选项“有趣的报道”；C选项“大量的国家新闻”；D选项“一位出色的销售经理”都与原文不符。

4.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段Thesepapersarewrittenalmostentirelyforreadersinterestedinlocalevents—births,weddings,deaths,councilmeetingsandsports—butthecontentisnaturallyinfluencedbythekindofcommunitytheyserve.（这些报纸几乎完全是为那些对当地事件（出生、婚礼、死亡、议会会议和体育）感兴趣的读者而写的，但其内容自然受到它们所服务的社区类型的影响。）因此A选项“表达公众对当地问题的看法”正确。B选项“保存当地的古迹和名胜古迹”；C选项“对政治问题发表意见”；D选项“提供更重要的国家新闻”都不是它服务社区的做法，只是片面的信息。

5.判断推理题。根据题干定位到倒数第二段和倒数第一段Localnewspapersdonotoftencommentonproblemsofnational...ofinterest.（地方报纸通常不评论具有全国重要性的问题，编辑也很少在政治问题上偏袒任何一方。但是，在表达公众对当地问题的看法方面，它们往往可以对社区有所帮助。报纸有时可以说服议会采取行动，提供更好的购物设施，改善该地区的交通，并保护当地的古迹和名胜古迹。）以及Thesepapersoftensoundratherdullandit...foreigncountry.（这些报纸常常听起来很枯燥，令人惊讶的是它们都在盈利。但对小城镇和乡村的许多人来说，认识的人的死亡或在附近繁忙的街角安装交通灯，有时比外国发生的灾难更重要。）从这两段可以看出，虽然这些报纸听起来有些枯燥，但是它是对小镇人民最有吸引力的，因此D选项“他们对当地活动的主要重视满足了他们所服务的社区的需要”正确。A选项“它们和全国性的报纸一样组织严密”原文没有提及；B选项“它们的工作人员都很了解自己的地区”是无关项；C选项“他们有足够的客户支持”，这个没有说出本质原因，而是表面现象。

7.单选题

Theirdiplomaticprinciplescompletelylaidbaretheir（

）forworldconquest.

问题1选项

A.admiration

B.ambition

C.administration

D.orientation

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】名词辨析题。A选项admiration“羡慕”；B选项ambition“野心、企图”；C选项administration“管理、行政”；D选项orientation“方向、定位”。句子的主语是diplomaticprinciples“外交政策”，laysth.bare是一个固定短语，意思为“显示，揭露”的意思。由此可知，空格部分单词意思应该为“野心，企图”，句意为：他们的外交政策彻底暴露出他们征服世界的企图。正确答案选B。

8.单选题

Tomysurprise,thehousewhichlookedrathershabbyoutsidewasluxuriouslyand（）furnishedinside.

问题1选项

A.artificially

B.arrogantly

C.arbitrarily

D.artistically

【答案】D

【解析】句意：令我吃惊的是，房子的外面看起来很破旧，内部却装饰得（）。A选项artificially人工地；B选项arrogantly傲慢地；C选项arbitrarily任意地；D选项artistically艺术地,D选项artistically符合句意。

9.翻译题

Hewastakentothehugemedievalfortressattheharbour’smouth.Hefoundprisonlifefairlyendurable.Hiscellwasdampanddark,andthefoodwasbadandinsufficient;buthissistersoonobtainedpermissiontosendhimallthenecessariesoflifefromhome.HewaskeptinsolitaryconfinementandfailedtoobtainanyexplanationofthecauseofhisarrestNeverthelessthetranquilframeofmindinwhichhehadenteredthefortressdidnotchange.Notbeingallowedbooks,hespenthistimeinprayeranddevoutmeditation,andwaitedwithoutimpatienceforthefurthercourseofevents.

【答案】他被带进港口那个巨大的中世纪城堡里。他觉得监狱生活相当难过。他的牢房既潮湿又黑暗，食物很难吃而且吃不饱；但是他姐姐很快就获准从家里给他送来了所有的生活必需品。他被单独关押，而且没能查明逮捕他的原因。然而，他进入城堡时那种平静的心境并没有改变。由于不允许看书，他就通过祈祷和沉思度日，耐心等待事件的进一步发展。

10.单选题

Inthemid-nineteenth,theUnitedStateshadtremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry.Mostoftherawmaterialsthatarevaluableinthemanufactureofmachinery,transportationfacilities,andconsumergoodslayreadytobeworkedintowealth.Iron,coal,andoilthebasicingredientsofindustrialgrowth—wereplentifulandneededonlytheapplicationoftechnicalexpertise,organizationalskill,andlabor.

Onecrucialdevelopmentinthismovementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads.TherailwaynetworkexpandedrapidlyuntiltherailroadmapoftheUnitedStateslookedlikeaspider’sweb,withthesteelfilamentsconnectingallimportantsourcesofrawmaterials,theirplacesofmanufacture,andtheircentersofdistribution.Therailroadscontributedtotheindustrialgrowthnotonlybyconnectingthesemajorcenters,butalsobythemselvesconsumingenormousamountsoffuel,iron,andcoal.

Manyfactorsinfluencedtheemergingmodesofproduction.Forexample,machinetools,thetoolsusedtomakegoods,weresteadilyimprovedinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcentury—alwayswithaneyetospeedierproductionandlowerunitcosts.Theproductsofthefactorieswererapidlyabsorbedbythegrowingcitiesthatshelteredtheworkersandthedistributors.Theincreasedurbanpopulationwasnourishedbytheincreasedfarmproductionthatinturn,wasmademoreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery.AmericanagriculturalproductionkeptupwiththeurbandemandandstillhadsurplusesforsaletotheindustrialcentersofEurope.

ThelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailwayswasrecruitedinpartfromAmericanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery,inpartfromAsia,andinpartfromEurope.EuropenowbegantosendtidesofimmigrantsfromeasternandsouthernEurope—mostofwhomwereoriginallypoorfarmersbutwhosettledinAmericanindustrialcities.ThemoneytofinancethistremendousexpansionoftheAmericaneconomystillcamefromEuropeanfinanciersforthemostpart,buttheAmericanswereapproachingthedaywhentheirexpansioncouldbefinancedintheirown“moneymarket”.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormention“aspider’sweb”(Para.2)?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whowerethebiggestconsumersofmanufacturedproducts?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofUnitedStatesfarmersinthenineteenthcentury?

问题1选项

A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates.

B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters.

C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates.

D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury.

问题2选项

A.Toemphasizetherailroad'sconsumptionofoilandcoal.

B.Todescribethecomplexstructureoftherailwaysystem.

C.Toexplaintheproblemsbroughtonbyrailwayexpansion.

D.Todescribethedifficultiesinvolvedinthedistributionofrawmaterials.

问题3选项

A.Railwayworkers.

B.Farmers.

C.Europeans.

D.Citydwellers.

问题4选项

A.Theylostsomejobsbecauseofmechanization.

B.Theyraisedtheirproductivitybyusingnewmachinery.

C.TheysoldfoodtoEuropeancountries.

D.Theywereunabletoproducesufficientfoodforurbanareas.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?文章主要讨论了什么？

A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates.A.美国铁路的历史。

B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters.B.美国主要的工业中心。

C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates.C.影响美国工业化的因素。

D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury.D.19世纪农业的作用。

【答案】C

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】第一段讲了美国用以发展重工业的自然资源非常丰富（tremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry），第二段讲到铁路对工业化的重要发展作用（movementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads），第三段讲到工业化期间出现了新的工业生产方式（emergingmodesofproduction），第四段讲到美国工业化期间的劳动力（Thelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailways）和资金来源（Themoneytofinancethistremendousexpansion）。综上所述，本文以工业化为中心，阐述了影响工业化发展的因素，因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“美国铁路的历史”和D选项“19世纪农业的作用”：是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文，属于以偏概全；

B选项“美国主要的工业中心”：文中没有提到具体的工业中心，属于无中生有。

第2题:【选项释义】

Whydoestheauthormention“aspider’sweb”(Para.2)?作者为什么提到“蜘蛛网”（第二段）？

A.Toemphasizetherailroad'sconsumptionofoilandcoal.A.强调铁路对石油和煤炭的消耗。

B.Todescribethecomplexstructureoftherailwaysystem.B.描述铁路系统的复杂结构。

C.Toexplaintheproblemsbroughtonbyrailwayexpansion.C.解释铁路扩张带来的问题。

D.Todescribethedifficultiesinvolvedinthedistributionofrawmaterials.D.描述原材料分配的困难。

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干中出处提示词Para.2和信息词aspider’sweb定位到第二段第二句，该处讲到“铁路网迅速扩张（railwaynetworkexpanded），直到（until）美国的铁路地图看起来像一张蜘蛛网，铁路网连接着（connecting）所有重要的原材料来源地、它们的制造地点和配送中心。”，可知这里的蜘蛛网形容铁路网，铁路网错综复杂，连接着各个地点，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“强调铁路对石油和煤炭的消耗”：对应第二段最后一句“铁路对工业的发展做出了贡献（contributedtotheindustrialgrowth），不仅（notonly）因为它连接了这些主要的中心，而且（butalso）因为它本身也消耗了大量的燃料、铁和煤。”，这里表达的是铁路对工业发展的贡献，而非被称为蜘蛛网的原因，属于偷换概念；

C选项“解释铁路扩张带来的问题”和D选项“描述原材料分配的困难”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有。

第3题:【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassage,whowerethebiggestconsumersofmanufacturedproducts?根据文章，谁是工业产品的最大消费者？

A.Railwayworkers.A.铁路工人。

B.Farmers.B.农民。

C.Europeans.C.欧洲人。

D.Citydwellers.D.城市居民。

【答案】D

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干中信息词manufacturedproducts定位到第三段第三句，该处讲到“工厂生产的产品（Theproductsofthefactories）迅速被不断发展的城市所接收（growingcities），工人和商人以此谋生。”，可知消费工业产品最多的是城市居民，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“铁路工人”：对应第四段第一句“修建铁路（builttherailways）的劳动力（labor）部分来自美国的农场地区”，这里是说铁路工人原本是农民，而不是说铁路工人消费工业产品，属于偷换概念；

B选项“农民”：农民是农产品的生产者，而不是消费者，属于张冠李戴；

C选项“欧洲人”：对应第三段最后一句“美国的农业生产满足了城市的需求（keptupwiththeurbandemand），但仍有剩余的农产品（surpluses）销往欧洲的工业中心（saletotheindustrialcentersofEurope）。”，可知销往欧洲工业中心的农产品是小部分，而不是大部分，属于偷换概念。

第4题:【选项释义】

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofUnitedStatesfarmersinthenineteenthcentury?关于19世纪的美国农民，下列哪项不正确？

A.Theylostsomejobsbecauseofmechanization.A.由于机械化，他们有的人丢了工作。

B.Theyraisedtheirproductivitybyusingnewmachinery.B.他们通过使用新机器提高了生产力。

C.TheysoldfoodtoEuropeancountries.C.他们把食物卖给欧洲国家。

D.Theywereunabletoproducesufficientfoodforurbanareas.D.他们无法为城市地区生产足够的食物。

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】此题定位到第三段最后一句，该处讲到“美国的农业生产满足了城市的需求（keptupwiththeurbandemand），仍有剩余的农产品销往欧洲的工业中心。”，可知他们为城市提供了足够的食物，还有剩余的可以用来出口，和文章内容不符，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“由于机械化，他们有的人丢了工作”：对应第四段第一句“美国农场地区的人被农业机械取代（Americanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery）”，机器代替人做农活，做农活的人由此失业，符合文章内容，属于反向干扰；

B选项“他们通过使用新机器提高了生产力”：对应第三段倒数第二句“农业生产又被新的农业机械的使用所提高（moreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery）”，可知本选项符合文章内容，属于反向干扰；

C选项“他们把食物卖给欧洲国家”：对应第三段最后一句“仍有剩余的农产品销往欧洲的工业中心（saletotheindustrialcentersofEurope）。”，可知本选项符合文章内容，属于反向干扰。

11.翻译题

Foracenturyorso,theshoppingritualatdealershowroomsfornewandusedvehicleshasn’tchangedmuch,apartfrommorecomfortablechairsandtheadditionoflatte(拿铁咖啡)machines.

ButtheInternetisunravelingtheessenceofnew-carretailing,armingshopperswithmoreinformationthaneveraboutfeaturesandprices,and(as)wellasexpertreviews.Willshopperssoonbeabletotakethenextstepandordernewcarsonline,likebooks,laptopsandshoes?

ThedebateoverInternetvehiclesalesrages,sinceautomakersseeif(it)asawaytoslashdistributioncostsbyhundreds,andperhapsafewthousanddollarspervehicle.Dealersareaghast:Theyhaveshieldedtheirfranchisesineverystatewithlegislation.ManyviewInternetsalesasameansofunderminingthem.Dealersassertthat“carsaren’tbooksorshoes”andarebestsoldinpersonbytheirsalesstaff,aprocessthatallowstheshoppertotestthevehicle,aswellasexplorefinancingandtrade-ins.

TeslaMotors(TSLA.，thegroundbreakingelectric-vehiclemanufacturerfoundedbyElonMusk,takesordersforitsModelSsedan,whichstartsat$70.000,onitswebsite.Thecarsaredeliveredeitheratoneofits30company-ownedstoresorcanbedrop-shippedtoabuyer’shome.Tesla,clearly,isbuckinglawandtradition.“InTexas,wherethelawprecludesdeliveringdirectlytocustomers,wedosothroughthird-parties,”saidSharmaHendriks,aTeslaspokesperson.“We’renotsayingwe’llneverhavedealers;butthatmodeldoesn’tmakesenseforusnow.

Becausethemarketforusedcarsisn’tprotectedbynew-carfranchiselaws,itmayprovideamorepromisingopportunityforonlinevehiclesales.eBayMotors,adivisionofeBay(EBAY),offersthousandsofvehiclesonlineforsalesbetweenprivateparties.Manyused-cardealersalsousethedigitalplatformandpayalistingfee.

Carvana,aventuresponsoredbyDriveTime,oneofthenation’slargestused-caroperations,hasbegunsellinglate-modelusedpremiumandluxurymodelsonitsownwebsite.CarvanaoperatesforthetimebeingonlyinAtlantaanditsenvironsbuthopestoexpandnationwide.

ErnieGarciaJr.,Carvana’schiefexecutiveofficer,saidthatthefirsthundredvehiclessoldbyCarvanareflectwhathecalleda“promising”trendofhighsatisfactionamongbuyers.Fourbuyersofthefirsthundredweren’tsatisfiedwiththeirpurchaseandexercisedtheirrighttotradethevehiclestheyboughtforanother.Onlyoneofthehundreddemandedarefund.

Garciasaidthatsalesofnewandusedvehiclesatdealerships,intheconventionalmanner,reflectabout“$2,000acar”insales,generalandadministrativecost.Heregardsthatamountasmarginthatcanandwilleventuallyshrinkasonlineattractsmorevehicleshoppers.New-vehiclesalesonlinehaven’tarrived,andperhapsmaynever.Yetthatdayfeelsasthoughit’sdrawingcloser,especiallyforconsumerswhowillchooseanythingandeverything-includingaspouse-usingkeypadormouse.

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