考研考博-英语-山东化工职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东化工职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

W:Wouldyoumindsendingchampagneandstrawberriestomyroomat1a.m.please?

M:I’lltry,ma’am.ButonWednesdaythekitchenstaffleaveatmidnight.

Q:Whatisthewomandoing?

问题1选项

A.Askingforhelp.

B.Makingarequest.

C.Makingasuggestion.

D.Orderingfood.

【答案】D

【解析】对话中，女士需要男士在凌晨1点将香槟和草莓送到她的房间，而男士表示厨房工作人员在周三的午夜时分都下班了。确定D选项‘订购食物’正确。

2.单选题

PassageTwo

问题1选项

A.1996.

B.1997.

C.2011.

D.2014.

问题2选项

A.Itsbenefitstohealth.

B.Itsimproperuseinsoftdrinks.

C.Theamountofcaffeine.

D.Theconsumptionofenergydrinks.

问题3选项

A.Ageaffectsthebody’sresponsetocaffeine.

B.Otheringredientsalsomakeenergydrinksunsafe.

C.Caffeineinbeveragesgreatlyimprovesperformance.

D.Energydrinksareriskyforpeoplewithheartproblems.

问题4选项

A.Becausetheyareinsufficientlyinvestigated.

B.Becausetheyarenotjudgedasfairlyascoffeeortea.

C.Becausetheyaremorebeneficialthanharmfultokids.

D.Becausetheyarenottheprimarycaffeinesourcesforkids.

问题5选项

A.Strict.

B.Official.

C.Voluntary.

D.Compulsory.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】Energydrinks—wehearallthetimethatthey’rereallybadforus,especiallyforteens.Wealldrinkthemanyway.Soenergydrinksreallythatbad.First,let’srewindbackto1997.WhenRedBullbecamethefirstenergydrinktoreachthemarketintheUS.Sincethen,energydrinkslikeRedBullhavesky-rocketedinpopularity.Butthingsstartedgettingintensein2011.WhentheAmericanAcademyofPediatricsrecommendedthatchildrenshouldneverdrinkenergydrinks.Thereasonwhytheyweresoworried—caffeine.Thecaffeineisinatonofthingslikecoffee,tea,soda,andevenchocolate.Andthedangersofcaffeinereallyboileddowntohowmuchyouhave.Acupofcoffeeusuallyhasbetween90fiveto,200milligramsofcaffeine.So,foradults,theexpertsrecommendnomorethan400milligramsaday,andforkids,nomorethan100milligrams.Soalittlebitofcaffeine,probablynotthatbad,buthighdosescanbelethal.In2011,apaperpublishedinthejournalpediatricsreviewedtheeffectsofenergydrinksonchildren,adolescence,andyoungadults.Theresearchhasfoundthatageaffectsthebody’sresponsetocaffeineandenergydrinkscouldbeespeciallyriskyforkidswithheartproblems.ADHBordiabetes.Giventheseconcerns,itmaycomeasnosurprisethatsomeplaceshavepushedforcompletelybanningthesalesofenergydrinkstoanyoneundertheageof18.Asfaraswecantell,thathasn’tpassedlocallyhereintheusbutin2014,Lithuaniabecamethefirstcountrytoactuallybanthesaleofenergydrinkstoanyoneundertheageof18.

Butnoteveryoneisafanoftheseideas.Somethinktheserestrictionsareunfair.Ifyouaren’tworriedaboutsellingcoffeeorteatokids,whysingleoutenergydrinks?SotheAmericanbeverageassociation,thetradegrouprepresentingmanyoftheseenergydrinks,cameupwithanotheridea—voluntaryguidelinesforlabelingenergydrinks.

26.WhendidenergydrinkfirstappearintheAmericanmarket?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：功能饮料第一次出现在美国市场是什么时候？由文中“First,let’srewindbackto1997.WhenRedBullbecamethefirstenergydrinktoreachthemarketintheUS.（首先让我们回到1997年。当‘红牛’成为第一款功能饮料投入美国市场）”，可知B选项“1997”符合原文。A选项“1996”；C选项“2011”；D选项“2014”不符合原文。

27.Whenitcomestocaffeine,whatseemstobetheissue?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干为：说到咖啡因，问题出在哪里？由文中“Thereasonwhytheyweresoworried—caffeine.Thecaffeineisinatonofthingslikecoffee,tea,soda,andevenchocolate.（他们如此担心的原因是咖啡因。咖啡因出现在很多东西，比如咖啡、茶、苏打甚至是巧克力里面）”以及“thedangersofcaffeinereallyboileddowntohowmuchyouhave.（咖啡因的危险其实在于我们摄入多少）”，可知C选项“Theamountofcaffeine.（咖啡因的量）”符合原文。A选项“对健康有好处”；B选项“在软饮料中使用不当”；D选项“能量饮料的消耗”不符合原文。

28.Whichofthefollowingfindingsisreportedinthejournalpediatrics?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：以下哪项发现被刊登在《儿科学》杂志上？由文中“Theresearchhasfoundthatageaffectsthebody’sresponsetocaffeineandenergydrinkscouldbeespeciallyriskyforkidswithheartproblems.ADHBordiabetes.（研究发现，年龄影响身体对于咖啡因的反应，功能饮料对于孩子特别危险，可能导致心脏病，ADHB和糖尿病）”，可知A选项“Ageaffectsthebody’sresponsetocaffeine（年龄影响身体对于咖啡因的反应）”符合原文。B选项“其他成分也使能量饮料不安全”；C选项“饮料中的咖啡因大大提高了表现”D选项“能量饮料对有心脏问题的人有风险”不符合原文。

29.Whydosomedisagreewiththerestrictionsontheenergydrinkstokids?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干为：为什么有些人不同意对儿童能量饮料进行限制？由文中“Somethinktheserestrictionsareunfair.Ifyouaren’tworriedaboutsellingcoffeeorteatokids,whysingleoutenergydrinks?（一些人认为这些限制是不合理的。如果你不担心向儿童出售咖啡和茶饮料，为什么独独对功能饮料不排斥呢？）”，可知B选项“Becausetheyarenotjudgedasfairlyascoffeeortea.（因为他们不能将功能饮料与茶和咖啡相提并论）”符合原文。A选项“因为它们没有得到充分的调查”；C选项“因为它们对孩子是有益的而不是有害的”；D选项“因为它们不是孩子的主要咖啡因来源”不符合原文。

30.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethelabelingguidelinesfromtheAmericanbeverageassociation?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干为：以下哪一项能最好地描述美国饮料协会的标签指南？由文中“SotheAmericanbeverageassociation,thetradegrouprepresentingmanyoftheseenergydrinks,cameupwithanotheridea—voluntaryguidelinesforlabelingenergydrinks.（因此，美国饮料协会—代表功能饮料大多数企业的贸易组织产生了另一个想法—对于功能饮料标签自发制定指导标准）”，可知美国饮料协会制定的标签标准是C选项“voluntary（自发的）”符合原文。A选项“严格的”；B选项“正式的”；D选项“强迫的”不符合原文。

3.不定项选择题

Lowwages,chronicunemploymentandunderemploymentleadtolowincome,lackofpropertyownership,absenceofsavings,absenceoffoodreservesinthehome,andachronicshortageofcash.Theseconditionsreducethepossibilityofeffectiveparticipationinthelargereconomicsystem.Andasaresponsetotheseconditionswefindinthecultureofpovertyahighincidenceofborrowingfromlocalmoneylendersathighratesofinterest,theuseofsecondhandclothingandfurniture,andthepatternoffrequentbuyingofsmallquantitiesoffoodmanytimesadayastheneedarises.

Peoplewithacultureofpovertyproduceverylittlewealthandreceiveverylittleinreturn.Theyhavealowlevelofliteracyandeducation,arenotmembersofpoliticalparties,generallydonotparticipateinthenationalwelfareagencies,andmakeverylittleuseofbanks,hospitals,departmentstoresandmuseums.Theyhaveacriticalattitudetowardsomeofthebasicinstitutionsofthedominantclasses,hatredofthepolice,mistrustofgovernmentandthoseinhighposition.Thisgivesthecultureofpovertyahighpotentialforprotestandforbeingusedinpoliticalmovementsaimedagainsttheexistingsocialorder.

Peoplewithacultureofpovertyareawareofmiddle-classvalues,talkaboutthemandevenclaimsomeofthemastheirown,butonthewholetheydonotlivebythem.Forexample,manywilltellyouthatmarriagebylaw,bythechurch,orbybothistheidealformofmarriage,butfewwillmarry.Tomenwhohavenosteadyjobsorothersourcesofincome,whodonotownpropertyandhavenowealthtopassontotheirchildren,whoarepresent-timeorientedandwhowanttoavoidtheexpenseandlegaldifficultiesinvolvedinformalmarriageanddivorce,freeunionsorconsensualmarriagesmakealotofsense.Womenwilloftenturndownoffersofmarriagebecausetheyfeelittiesthemdowntomenwhoareimmatureandgenerallyunreliable.Womenfeelthatconsensualuniongivesthemabetterbreak;itgivesthemsomeofthefreedomandflexibilitythatmenhave.Bynotgivingthefathersoftheirchildrenlegalstatusashusbands,thewomenhaveastrongerclaimontheirchildreniftheydecidetoleavetheirmen.Freeunionalsogiveswomenexclusiverightstoahouseoranyotherpropertytheymayown.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,adefiningcharacteristicofpoorpeopleisthatthey________.

2.Theauthorusesthephrase“cultureofpoverty”(Para.2)tosuggestthat________.

3.Byassertingthatthecultureofpovertycanbeusedbypoliticalmovements,theauthoris________.

4.Menandwomeninthecultureofpovertywhoavoidlegalizedmarriages________.

问题1选项

A.lacktheskillstofinddecentjobs

B.areconstantlyinastateofcrisis

C.aresomewhatresponsiblefortheirownpoverty

D.areisolatedfromthemainstreamofsociety

问题2选项

A.poorpeopleoftentakeprideintheirpoverty

B.forsomepeoplepovertyhasbecomeaprevailingwayoflife

C.poorpeopleshareacommonbackground

D.thereareseverallevelsandclassificationsofpoorpeople

问题3选项

A.predictinganuprisingbythepoor

B.citingareasonforeliminatingpoverty

C.criticizingthemotivesofpoliticians

D.alludingtoaparticularhistoricalevent

问题4选项

A.havepracticalandeconomicconsiderations

B.prefertobeindependent

C.cannotaffordtomarryandraiseafamily

D.donottrusteachotherlikehusbandandwife

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。根据题干定位到第一段第一句Lowwages,chronicunemploymentandunderemploymentleadtolowincome,lackofpropertyownership,absenceofsavings,absenceoffoodreservesinthehome,andachronicshortageofcash.（低工资、长期失业和就业不足导致低收入、没有财产所有权、没有储蓄、家里没有粮食储备和长期现金短缺。）从这里可以看出B选项“穷人最典型的特点就是一直处在一种危机状态”正确；A选项“缺少进入体面工作的技能”；C选项“对自己的贫穷负有一定的责任”；D选项“隔绝于主流社会”文章都没有提及。

第2题:推理判断题。根据题干定位到文章第二段话Theyhavealowlevelofliteracyandeducation,arenotmembersofpoliticalparties,generallydonotparticipateinthenationalwelfareagencies,andmakeverylittleuseofbanks,hospitals,departmentstoresandmuseums.（他们的文化和教育水平低，不是政党成员，一般不参加国家福利机构，很少使用银行、医院、百货商店和博物馆。）从这里可以看出答案选C“他们有着相同的背景”。其他选项A选项“穷人对自己的贫穷很自豪”；B选项“一些人的贫穷已经成为流行的生活方式”；D选项“穷人里面也有很多等级和区分”文章都没有提及。

第3题:推理判断题。根据题干定位到文章第二段最后一句话Thisgivesthecultureofpovertyahighpotentialforprotestandforbeingusedinpoliticalmovementsaimedagainsttheexistingsocialorder.（这使得贫穷文化极有可能引发抗议并被某种政治运动利用来反对现在的社会秩序的。）由此可以推断答案选C选项“批判政治家的动机”。A选项“预测穷人的起义”；B选项“应用消除贫穷的原因”；D选项“暗指一个特定的历史事件”都不符合题意。

第4题:推理判断题。根据题干定位到最后一段第三句Tomenwhohavenosteadyjobsorothersourcesofincome,whodonotownpropertyandhavenowealthtopassontotheirchildren,whoarepresent-timeorientedandwhowanttoavoidtheexpenseandlegaldifficultiesinvolvedinformalmarriageanddivorce,freeunionsorconsensualmarriagesmakealotofsense（男人没有稳定的工作或其他收入来源，那些没有自己的财产，没有财富传给他们的孩子，面向现在和希望避免牺牲和因为法律原因难以参与正式的结婚和离婚，自由结合或双方同意的婚姻有更多意义）和最后一段第五句Womenfeelthatconsensualuniongivesthemabetterbreak;itgivesthemsomeofthefreedomandflexibilitythatmenhave.（女性觉得双方自愿的结合给了她们更好的喘息机会；这给了她们一些男性所拥有的自由和灵活性。）所以答案选A“有一些实际和经济上的考虑”。B选项“更喜欢独立”和C选项“承担不起婚姻和养育家庭”有点片面只说出男性或者女性的原因；D选项“不信任对方成为妻子或者丈夫”，这个文章没有提及。

4.不定项选择题

Watermakesupnearlythree-quartersoftheEarth’ssurface,butitdoesmorethanjustcoverourplanet—italsoplaysavitalroleinshapingit.

ConsidertheGrandCanyon.Measuring277mileslong,18mileswideandmorethan1miledeep,itisconsideredoneoftheSevenNaturalWondersoftheWorldandattractsmorethan5millionvisitorsperyear.ThisgeologicalmarvelwascreatedbythewatersoftheColoradoRiverthroughtheprocessesofweatheringanderosion.

Weatheringistheprocessbywhichmovingwaterbreaksdownsoil,rockandminerals,anderosionistheprocessbywhichtheflowingwatertransportssoilandrockfromonespotanddepositsitelsewhere.Thetwoprocessesoftenoccurinconjunction.

Weatheringanderosionareveryslowprocesses.GeologistsbelievetheColoradoRiverhasbeenflowingthroughtheGrandCanyonforatleast17millionyears,andithasbeengraduallyshapingthecanyonthisentiretime.TheflowingwateroftheriveranditstributarieshascarvedawayattherockoftheColoradoPlateau,creatingthesightwearefamiliarwithtoday.

Cavesandcavernsareanotherexampleofweatheringanderosion.Limestonecaves,suchastheCarlsbadCavernsinNewMexico,areformedwhenrainwatermixeswithcarbondioxideinthegroundandwearsawayatthelimestone.Seacaves,whichcanbefoundalongcoastlines,areformedwhenpowerfulwavescrashagainsttheshoreandbreakawaychunksofrock.Icecavesareformedwhenglaciersmeltandtheicemeltflowsacrossthegroundasastream.

Youdon’thavetotravelveryfartoseetheeffectsofweatheringanderosionforyourself,though.Ifyou’veeverbeentothebeach,you’vealreadyseenevidenceofhowpowerfulofaforcemovingwatercanbe—andallyouhadtodowaslookdown.Thesandcoveringthebeachisactuallytheresultofrocksbeingbrokendownintotinypiecesandthenwashedashorebythewaves.

AlthoughweatheringanderosionareresponsibleforcreatingbeautifulsightssuchassandybeachesandtheGrandCanyon,therearemanynegativeconsequencesaswell.Landslidesaresomeofthemostdangeroussideeffectsoferosion.Whenhillsidesormountainsidesaregraduallywornaway,theycanbecomeunstableandbreakdown,especiallywhentriggeredbyextremeweathersuchasfloods,heavyrainorsnow.Everyyear,landslidescausemassiveamountsofpropertydamageandcasualties.

1.WhataretheprocessesbywhichwatercanshapetheEarth?

2.Whatdoestheauthordescribeinthepassage?

3.HowdoestheauthorpresenttheGrandCanyon?

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthormentionslandslidestomakethepointthaterosion________.

问题1选项

A.Deforestationandclimatechange.

B.Weatheringanderosion.

C.Soilproductivityandfertilization.

D.Deepplowingandcroprotation.

问题2选项

A.Thepositiveeffectsofindustrialization.

B.ThetourismindustryaroundtheGrandCanyon.

C.Thehistoryofclimatechange.

D.Thewaysthatmovingwatercanshapeandchangetheland.

问题3选项

A.Aseffectsoflandslides.

B.Asgeologicalmysteries.

C.Asnegativeeffectsoferosion.

D.Aspositiveeffectsoferosion.

问题4选项

A.isoftenbeneficial

B.isaveryslowprocess

C.canhaveharmfuleffects

D.canhelpshapecavesandcaverns

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。A选项“荒漠化和环境变化”；B选项“风化和侵蚀”；C选项“土地生产率和肥料”；D选项“深耕和轮耕”。根据题干的watercanshapeearth，我们定位到第二段最后一句ThisgeologicalmarvelwascreatedbythewatersoftheColoradoRiverthroughtheprocessesofweatheringanderosion.（这种物理奇迹是科罗拉多的水通过侵蚀和腐蚀而创作出来的。）答案选B，其他选项与题无关。

第2题:主旨大意题。A选项“工业化的积极影响”；B选项“科罗拉多大峡谷周围的旅游业”；C选项“环境变化的历史”；D选项“流水改变大地的方式”；整篇文章没有提及工业化和环境变化，A，C排除；文章只是用科罗拉多峡谷的变化来引入主题，没有提及峡谷周围的旅游业，所以B选项排除；文章第一句话点出主题后，后面都是谈的水对地形的变化，所以正确答案选D。

第3题:事实细节题。题干意思“作者怎么展现大峡谷的？”；A选项“滑坡影响”；B选项“作为地理之谜”；C选项“侵蚀的消极影响”；D选项“侵蚀的积极影响”。根据题干的watercanshapeearth定位到第二段最后一句ThisgeologicalmarvelwascreatedbythewatersoftheColoradoRiverthroughtheprocessesofweatheringanderosion.（这种地理奇迹是科罗拉多的水通过侵蚀和腐蚀而创作出来的。）由此可以看出科罗拉多大峡谷是地理奇迹而不是地理之谜，排除A；然后定位到最后一段第一句AlthoughweatheringanderosionareresponsibleforcreatingbeautifulsightssuchassandybeachesandtheGrandCanyon,therearemanynegativeconsequencesaswell.Landslidesaresomeofthemostdangeroussideeffectsoferosion.（虽然风化和侵蚀造就了像沙滩和大峡谷这样的美丽景观，但也有很多负面的影响。滑坡是侵蚀所带来的最危险的副作用之一。）从这句可以看出大峡谷是水的侵蚀作用的积极影响，而滑坡是负面影响，所以排除A、C，答案选D。

第4题:事实细节题。题干意思“最后一段，作者提到滑坡是为了证明：侵蚀（）”；A选项“总是有益的”；B选项“缓慢的过程”；C选项“有负面影响”；D选项“能帮助形成洞穴和峡谷”。根据题干，我们定位到最后一段，最后一段第一句话是主旨句AlthoughweatheringanderosionareresponsibleforcreatingbeautifulsightssuchassandybeachesandtheGrandCanyon,therearemanynegativeconsequencesaswell.Landslidesaresomeofthemostdangeroussideeffectsoferosion.（虽然风化和侵蚀造就了像沙滩和大峡谷这样的美丽景观，但也有很多负面的影响。滑坡是侵蚀所带来的最危险的副作用之一。）从although这个转折词可以看出来，整篇文章是要讲侵蚀的不好的方面了，所以答案C正确。A，B，D选项虽然在前文中都说到了，但是根据题干Inthelastparagraph，答案只能选C。

5.单选题

It____nowprettylate,thepartybrokeupandweallwenthome.

问题1选项

A.is

B.being

C.was

D.been

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.is是（一般现在时）B.being是（现在分词）

C.was是（一般过去时）D.been是（过去分词）

【答案】B

【考查点】独立主格

【解题思路】原句逗号后是一个完整的句子，其句意为“聚会结束了，我们都回家了”。空格处所在部分句意为“已经很晚了”。前后两个句子之间没有连词连接，也没有引导从句的关系词，因此“已经很晚了（It____nowprettylate）”这个部分为一个独立主格结构，空格处应填入一个非谓语动词；表示时间很晚了，用主动语态，因此应该使用现在分词形式，B选项being“是（现在分词）”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项is“是（一般现在时）”，谓语动词，不符合原句语法要求；

C选项was“是（一般过去时）”，谓语动词，不符合原句语法要求；

D选项been“是（过去分词）”，过去分词表示被动，语态不对。

【句意】天已经很晚了，聚会结束了，我们都回家了。

6.单选题

Treesaregood.Goodenoughtohug.Plantingtreeswillmaketheworldcoolerthanitwouldotherwisebe.ThisisthesubjectofanewlypublishedstudybyGovindasamyBala,oftheLawrenceLivermoreNationalLaboratory,inCalifornia,andhiscolleagues.DrBalahasfound,rathercounter-intuitively,thatremovingalloftheworld’streesmightactuallycooltheplanetdown.

Thereasonforthisisthattreesaffecttheworld’stemperaturebymeansotherthanthecarbontheytakein.Forinstanceforestsremainquiteadarkshadeevenafterasnowstorm.Theyarecertainlydarkerthangrasslands,andthustheycanabsorbmoreofthesun’sheatthanvegetationwhichmightotherwisecoverthesamestretchofland.Thatwarmsthingsup.

DrBalaandhiscolleaguestooksucheffectsintoaccountusingacomputermodelcalledtheIntegratedClimateandCarbonModel.Unlikemostclimate-changemodels,whichcalculatehowtheEarthshouldabsorbandradiateheatinresponsetoalistofgreenhouse-gasconcentrations,thisonehasmanysubsectionsthatrepresenthowthecarboncycleworks,andhowitinfluencestheclimate.

Overall,DrBala’smodelsuggeststhatcompletedeforestationwouldcauseanadditional1.3℃temperaturerisecomparedwithbusinessasusualbecauseofthehighercarbon–dioxidelevelsthatwouldresult.However,theadditionalreflectivityoftheplanetwouldcause1.6℃ofcooling.Atreelessworldwouldthusbe0.3℃coolerthanotherwise.

Noone,ofcourse,wouldconsiderchoppingdowntheworld’sforeststokeeptheplanetcool.Buthavingmadetheirpoint,DrBalaandhiscolleaguesthenwentontolookatforestgrowthandlossatdifferentlatitudes.PlantingtreesinconvenientplacessuchasEuropeandNorthAmericamayactuallybecounterproductive.InRussiaandCanada,cuttingtreesdownledmostlytolocalcooling.Thecarbondioxidethisreleasedintotheatmosphere,though,warmedtheworldallover.Aroundtheequator,bycontrast,warmingactedlocally(aswellasglobally),soatropicalcountrywouldexperiencewarmingcreatedbycuttingdowntrees.

Theresultsfollowincreasingcriticismfromclimatescientistsofthebenefitsofforestryschemestooffsetcarbonemissions.Plantingtreestoneutralizecarbonemissionshasbecomeabigbusiness:£60mworthoftreeshavebeenboughtthisyear,upfrom£20min2005.By2010themarketisexpectedtoreachf300m.

1.Accordingtothepassage,treesmaketheworldwarmerbecauseoftheir（）.

2.DrBala’sIntegratedClimateandCarbonModel（）.

3.BasedonDrBala’smodel,atreelessworldwould（）.

4.AccordingtoDrBala,thebestplacestoplanttreeswouldbe（）.

5.Asisshowninthepassage,criticismfromotherclimatescientists（）.

问题1选项

A.deepcolort

B.roundshapet

C.enormoussizet

D.highreflectivityt

问题2选项

A.supportsthefindingsofotherclimatemodelst

B.isbasedontheresultsofotherclimatemodelst

C.usesasystemdifferentfromotherclimatemodelst

D.challengesthebasictheoryofotherclimatemodelst

问题3选项

A.causeseriousenvironmentalproblemst

B.provehelpfulinfightingglobalwarmingt

C.makeitdifficulttodealwithclimatechanget

D.raisecarbondioxidelevelsandglobaltemperaturet

问题4选项

A.NorthAmericat

B.Europet

C.High-latitudecountriest

D.tropicalcountriestt

问题5选项

A.shouldbetakenratherseriouslyt

B.isunreasonableandfar-fetchedt

C.involvesmostlyeconomicinterestst

D.isvoicedonbehalfofthegovernment

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节推理题。题干意思是“根据文章，树木使世界变暖是因为它们……”。根据文章第二段第二句forestsremainquiteadarkshadeevenafterasnowstorm（在暴风雪之后，森林仍然是一片黑暗的阴影）和最后一句Thatwarmsthingsup（这会让气氛升温）可知，是因为树木颜色深、阴影面积大，所以世界才会变暖，故A项“颜色深”正确。B项“圆形状”、C项“巨大的体积”和D项“高反射率”都与树木使世界变暖无关。因此，该题选择A项正确。

第2题:细节推理题。题干意思是“巴拉博士的‘综合气候和碳模型’……”。根据第三段第二句Unlikemostclimate-changemodels,whichcalculatehowtheEarthshouldabsorbandradiateheatinresponsetoalistofgreenhouse-gasconcentrations,thisonehasmanysubsectionsthatrepresenthowthecarboncycleworks,andhowitinfluencestheclimate.（大多数气候变化模型都是根据一系列温室气体浓度来计算地球应该如何吸收和辐射热量，而这个模型不同，它有许多分部来代表碳循环是如何工作的，以及它是如何影响气候的）可知，巴拉博士的“综合气候和碳模型”和大多数气候变化模型不同，故C项“使用一个不同于其他气候模型的系统”正确。A项“支持其他气候模型的发现”和B项“是基于其他气候模型的结果”文中未提及；D项“挑战其他气候模型的基本理论”，文章只是把“综合气候和碳模型”和其他气候模型做了对比，并没有提到挑战，D项错误。因此，该题选择C项正确。

第3题:细节推理题。题干意思是“根据巴拉博士的模型，一个没有树木的世界将会是……”。第四段最后一句提到Atreelessworldwouldthusbe0.3℃coolerthanotherwise.（一个没有树木的世界会比其他情况低0.3℃），由此可知，没有树木的世界气温会下降，由此可以有助于对抗全球变暖的问题，故B项“证明有助于对抗全球变暖”正确。A项“造成严重的环境问题”和C项“使应对气候变化变得困难”不是根据巴拉博士的模型得出的结论；D项“提高二氧化碳水平和全球温度”，内容与原文相反。因此，该题选择B项正确。

第4题:细节推理题。题干意思是“巴拉博士认为，最好的植树地点是……”。第五段最后一句指出Aroundtheequator,bycontrast,warmingactedlocally(aswellasglobally),soatropicalcountrywouldexperiencewarmingcreatedbycuttingdowntrees.（相比之下，在赤道附近，气候变暖是局部的，也是全球现象，所以一个热带国家会经历砍伐树木造成的变暖），由此可知热带国家砍伐树木会造成气候变暖，那么反之，种植树木会中和气候变暖，所以最好的植树地点是热带国家，故D项“热带国家”正确。根据第五段第三句PlantingtreesinconvenientplacessuchasEuropeandNorthAmericamayactuallybecounterproductive.（在欧洲和北美等方便的地方植树实际上可能适得其反）可知，A项“北美”和B项“欧洲”错误；第五段第四句提到InRussiaandCanada,cuttingtreesdownledmostlytolocalcooling.（在俄罗斯和加拿大，砍伐树木主要是为了给当地降温）可知，高纬度国家不适合植树，所以C项“高纬度国家”也错误。因此，该题选择D项正确。

第5题:推理判断题。题干意思是“如文章所示，来自其他气候科学家的批评是……”。文章末段指出Theresultsfollowincreasingcriticismfromclimatescientistsofthebenefitsofforestryschemestooffsetcarbonemissions.Plantingtreestoneutralizecarbonemissionshasbecomeabigbusiness（这一结果得到气候科学家越来越多的批评，林业计划可以抵消碳排放量；通过植树来中和碳排放已经成为一项大生意），通过句子中的“abigbusiness”可知，气候科学家的批评主要涉及经济利益，故C项“主要涉及经济利益”符合题意。A项“应该被认真对待”、B项“不合理和牵强”和D项“代表政府发声”都与原文无关。因此，该题选择C项正确。

7.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(15%)

在团队内部建立友谊

团队的领导者耍懂得如何利用友谊的力量来加强团队合作。在正式的团体会议中，营造一种轻松、友好的气氛非常重要。要努力创造一种氛围使每个成员的发言都得到充分的尊重，让每个人可以畅所欲言。想做到这一点，就要使队员们尽量以朋友，而非同事的方式，来处理相互关系；鼓励每个成员在工作、会议之外进行交谈，多作接触，在轻松的气氛中自由地交换意见和看法。多安排社交活动，创造大家在工作之余聚会碰头的机会，在取得成功时举办庆祝活动等，都有利于团队成员之间建立真正的朋友关系，有利于团结团队，使之成为一个整体。

【答案】BuildFriendshipinaTeam

Teamleadershouldknowhowtoenhanceteamworkbyusingthepoweroffriendship.Inaformalgroupmeeting,effortsshouldbemadetobuildapleasantandfriendlyatmosphereinwhicheachmember’sspeechisfullyrespectedandeveryonecanspeakfreely.Inordertodothis,theteammembershouldberegardedasfriendsnotcolleagues,andmoreover,eachofthemshouldbeencouragedtocommunicateandcontactafterworkandmeetingandexchangeviewsinacomfortableatmosphere.Organizingsocialevents,creatingopportunitiesforpeopletomeetoutsideofoffice,andholdingcelebrationstocelebratesuccesshelptobuildtruefriendshipandunitetheteamasawhole.

8.单选题

AWorldWithoutBooksOrMusic

Ifbookshadneverbeendiscovered,manwouldhavefoundsomeotherwayofrecordinghiscommunication.Butthen,forourconsideration,weshouldincludeasbookseverythingthatisawrittenrecord.Thiswouldincludetablets,papyrusandanythingelse一includingcomputerdiskettes.Inthecaseofmusic,itwouldbeimpossibletothinkthatmancanlivewithoutit.Lookingatprimitivecultures,itappearsthatmusicisactuallyapartofthehumanpsyche.Whentwothingsareknockedtogether,musicisproduced.Soforthesakeofourdiscussion,itisintendedtorestrictthemeaningofmusictothepopularlyacceptedconcept.Musicisthepleasingcombinationofsoundsthatweliketolistento.

Thoughitisdifficultto,wecanpretendthatthesethingsneverexisted.Inthiscasewewouldnotmissthemtoday.Tocomparewithrecentinventions,letuslookatradioandtelevision.Thoughwecannotthinkoflifewithoutthemtoday,thisissoonlyfromcomparativelyrecenttimes.Therearemanyofuslivingtodaywhohadseenatimewhentherewasnotelevision.Theywilltellusthatlifewasnotthatmuchdifferent.Thesameisprobablytrueofradio.Butbooksareadifferentthingbecausethey,orsomethingakintothem,beganthousandsofyearsago.Inthecaseofmusic,itgoesbackevenfurther—perhapstomillionsofyears.Wemaybeabletoimagineaworldwhichneversawbooks,becausebooksareahumaninvention.However,inthecaseofmusicthisdoesnotseempossible.Pleasingsoundsareallaroundus;likethesingingofthebirdsandthewhistlingofthewind.Musicjustseemstobeinborninusandintheworldaroundus.

Ifbooksdidnotexist,theworldwillbeapoorerplaceindeed.GreatphilosophieslikePlato'swouldbec