中考主谓一致

10/11中考英语语法复习主谓一致概念：主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。「1.语法或形式一致原则遵循三个原则..2•意义一致原则I3.就近一致原则主谓一致是初、高中阶段的重要语法项目之一，从近年中考的试题来看，中考对于主谓一致的考题主要考知识的记忆情况。考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择、完形填空、翻译句子、同义句转换、时态填空、单句改错、短文改错等等，尤其要注意书面表达，因为汉语中没有相应的这种谓语动词的变化，所以英语的主谓一致也是困扰广大中国学生的一大心病，很多学生在挥毫泼墨之时，此类错误比比皆是，严重影响文章的水平，考试中必将拉低得分的档次。因此，掌握好主谓一致对于提高英语水平和取得理想成绩都至关重要,找出句子的真正主语是关键。同时，必须遵循三个原则，下面，我们就来看一下具体情况：语法或形式一致原则(1)单数名词(代词)、不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；复数名词(代词)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：Heatallman.(be)Somebreadonthetable,(be)Theboysplayingfootball.(be)当and或both...and...连接两个或三个名词(代词)作主语时，谓语动词用复数女如(Both)LucyandLilygoodstudents.(be)*注：在意义上指同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数,and后面的名词无冠词。如：Thesingeranddancertalkingwithhisstudentsoverthere.(be)Thesingerandthedancertalkinghappily.(be)*注：and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，当breadandbutter(黄油抹面包),knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Fishandchipsalwayshisfavoritefood.(be)单数主语后面即使带有由with,togetherwith,like,but,except,besides,aswellas等构成的介词短语时，谓语动词仍用单数。介词短语一般不作主语。如：Sheaswellastheotherstudentslearnedhowtotype.(have)MrGreenwithhischildrenwatchingTVnow.(be)EveryoneexceptLiLeiherewhenthemeetingbegan.(be)不定代词each,another,theother,either,neither和由some,any,no,every＋one或thing构成复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。女口：Everythingready.(be)*(5)every...,every...andevery...,each...,each...andeach...no…andno作主语时，谓语动词用单数。女口：Eachboyand(each)girlanappleintheirhands.(have)Nomanandnowoman(like)theseshoes.(6)one,everyone,each,eachone,anyone,neither,either+of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：Eachofusabike.(have)Everyoneofthestudentslisteningtotheteachercarefully.(be)注：each作同位语时，谓语动词与主语保持一致。女口：Weeachapenfriend.=Weapenfriendeach.(have)none作主语，指人或可数的物，表示数目，谓语单数复数都可以。如果指不可数名词，表示量，谓语动词用单数。女口：Noneofthemtherightsize.(be)Jimhasusedupallthemoney.Noneleft.(be)只有复数形式的名词(clothes,pants,shoes,shorts,gloves,trousers,glasses,scissors)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。女口：Mytrousersnew.(be)“数量词+单位词+of+不可数名词或可数名词复数”结构作主语，谓语动词与单位词一致。e.g.Thispairoftrouserstooshortforme.(be)Twocupsofteaonthetable.(be)*(10)morethanone+单数名词，“不止一个”，意义复数，谓语动词用单数。manya+单数名词，“许多”，意义复数，谓语动词用单数。oneandahalf+复数可数名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。e.g.Morethanonepersonhurtintheaccident.(be)Manyastudentplayinggamesontheplayground.(be)Oneandahalfapplesleftonthetable.(be)(11)不定式、动名词或从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。e.g.Tostudyhardourjob.(be)Swimminggoodforourhealth.(be)*在“主系表”结构中，如果以what从句作主语，表语又是单数，主句的谓语动词一般用单数；如果表语是复数，主句的谓语动词一般用复数。Whathesaidtrue.(be)WhathisfatherlefthimafewEnglishbooks.(be)*注：如果主语是两个(或两个以上的)名词性从句，谓语动词常用复数。e.g.Whathesaidandwhathedidalwaysdifferentlastnight.(be)alotof(lotsof,plentyof,mostof)+名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词。女口：Thereplentyofraininthisareaeveryyear.(be)Alotofpeopleswimmingintheriveratthemoment.(be)百分数(或分数)+of+名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词女口：Over70percentoftheearthcoveredwithwater.(be)Onethirdoftheworkersinthefactorywomen.(be)注:population作为整体，谓语动词为单数；主语指“人口中的一部分”时，其谓语动词为复数。女口：ThepopulationofChinalargerthanthatofIndia.(be)80percentofthepopulationofChinafarmers.(be)(⑷anumber/groupof+cn(pl)“许多…”谓语动词用复数，thenumberof+cn(pl)“…的数目”，谓语动用单数。e.g.Anumberofbooksmissingfromthelibrary.(be)Thenumberofworkersinthisfactorygrowing.(be)Look!Thereagroupofpeopleoverthere.Whatishappening?(be)(15)在定语从句中，关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句中谓语动词与先行词保持一致。oneof+n.(pl.)为先行词，从句谓语动词用复数；theonly/very/rightoneof+n.(pl.)为先行词，从句谓语动词用单数。e.g.Jimisoneofthestudentswhopraised.(be)Jimistheonlyoneofthestudentswhopraised.(be)*(16)在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。e.g.ItisMary'sbrotherwhohurtinthecaraccidentyesterday.(be)意义一致原则(1)集体名词(family,group,crowd,class,team，government)作主语时，谓语动词要根据主语的意思来决定。如表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数；如表示集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数。女口：Ourclassverybig.(be)Ourclasstalkingaboutthefilm.(be)⑵有生命的people，police，cattle(家畜)，youth等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词一律用复数；但traffic等无生命的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。女口：Howmanypeoplethereinyourfamily?(be)Thetrafficveryheavyinthemorning.(be)*注：people当“民族”讲时，有单复数的变化，谓语动词由它的形式决定。如：TheChinesepeopleagreatpeople.(be)There56peoplesinChina.(be)(3)表示时间、金钱、距离、度量、数学运算等的词或短语作主语，尽管是复数形式，通常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。女口：TenyearspassedsinceMrGreencametoChina.(have)Tendollarsenough.(be)Whatoneandtwo?Itthree.(be)⑷以-s结尾，而意义为单数的名词或不可数名词(如news,physics,maths,politics等)，或专有名词(如theUnitedStates,theNewTimes,theUnitedNations等)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。女口：Itexcitingnews.(be)*注：表示群岛、山脉、瀑布、奥运会等专有名词被看做复数，谓语也用复数形式，e.g.TheOlympicGamesheldeveryfouryears.(be)Chinese,French,English,Japanese等作主语，表示语言，谓语用单数；与the连用，表示人，谓语用复数。e.g.Englishspokeninmanycountries.(be)TheChineseveryfriendly.(be)⑹“the+形容词(或分词)”表示一类人，如：therich(富人)，theliving(活着的人)作主语时，谓语动词用复数；表示抽象事物，谓语动词用单数。e.g.Therichbetterlifethanthepoor.(have)Thenewalwaystakingtheplaceoftheold.(be)(7)the+姓氏复数(=the+姓+family)表示一家人或夫妇二人，作主语，谓语动词用复数e.g.TheGreenfamily(=TheGreens)gettingreadytogoout.(be)⑻疑问词作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。(以who,why,how,whether或that引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：Whyshedidthisisnotknown.)e.g.Whogoingtospeakatthemeeting?(be)Whatonthedesk?(be)Look!Thereareagroupofpeopleoverthere.Whathappening?(be)注：由howandwhy,whenandwhere引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。HowandwhyhehadcometoPrincetonNewJerseyisastoryofstruggle,successandsadness.⑼名词性物主代词后的动词单复数，取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数女口：Ours(=OurParty)agreatparty.(be)Yourshoesareblack,mine(=myshoes)brown.(be)⑽由“akindof，thiskindof，manykindsof”以及由与kind意思相似的type，sort等构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持一致女口：Akindofbirdsbeendiscoveredbythem.(have)Anewtypeofmachinesonshownow.(be)Manykindsoffurniture(家具，不可数)beingtransportedfromBeijingtoTianjin.(be)(11)当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。TheArabianNightsisaninterestingbook.就近原则，即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的名词、代词等词的数。(1)there,here引导的句子女口：Thereabookandtwopensonthetable.(be)Theretwopensandabookonthetable.(be)Herethebus.(come)(2)or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,not...but...连接两个名词或代词作主语时。女口：EitherLilyorLucytotheparty.(come)NotonlyJimbutalsohisparentstoliveinChina.(want)Heoryoutakenmypen.(have)走出主谓一致的三大误区“主谓一致”最基本的原则是：单数主语用单数谓语动词；复数主语用复数谓语动词。句子的核心是谓语动词，谓语动词形式的确定取决于主语。根据句子含义和结构认准主语是掌握主谓一致的必要条件；弄清主谓一致的语言规则和习惯是掌握主谓一致的充分条件，要正确使用主谓一致，两个条件缺一不可，但同学们往往会走入以下三大误区。误区一误认主语倒装句TOC\o"1-5"\h\z©Betweenthetwobuildingsareabigtree.()②Betweenthetwobuildingsisabigtree.()主语之后带有介词短语Thefruitlikeapples,orangesaregoodforourhealth.()Thefruitlikeapples,orangesisgoodforourhealth.()oneof...+名词复数或复数代词©Therearetwentyboysinourclass.OneoftheboysarefromCanada.()②Therearetwentyboysinourclass.OneoftheboysisfromCanada.()定语从句IlikethephotoswhichwastakeninBeijing.()IlikethephotoswhichweretakeninBeijing.()5.each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语决定。Weeachhasadictionary.(Weeachhaveadictionary.(误区二被主语的表象迷惑看似复数却表单数概念Mathsaremyfavouritesubject.()Mathsismyfavouritesubject.()类似的有：physics，news，politics...看似单数却表复数概念TOC\o"1-5"\h\zThepoliceissearchingfortherobbers.()Thepolicearesearchingfortherobbers.()名词的单复数同形Therearealittlesheepeatinggrassonthehill.Canyouseeit?()Thereisalittlesheepeatinggrassonthehill.Canyouseeit?()4.集合名词Theirfamilyisveryhappy.NowtheirfamilyiswatchingTV()Theirfamilyisveryhappy.NowtheirfamilyarewatchingTV()误区三误用语言规则1.表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词作主语Tenyearsarequitealongtime.()Tenyearsisquitealongtime.()由and连接的并列主语Thetwentiethlessonandlastlessonareveryeasyforstudents.()Thetwentiethlessonandlastlessonisveryeasyforstudents.()就近原则©NeitheryounorhehavebeentoBeijing.()②NeitheryounorhehasbeentoBeijing.()thiskindof，apieceof，thispairof等短语作主语Thispairoftrousersareverynew,butTom'strousersareveryold.()Thispairoftrousersisverynew,butTom'strousersareveryold.()【例1】（2011河北）TherelotsofpeopleattherestaurantwhenIgotthere.A.isB.wasC.areD.were【例2】（2011黄岗）-Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?-Either__OK,butIprefercoffee___milk.A.is;withB.is;toC.are;withD.are;to【例3】（2009天津）Diana,togetherwithherfriends,ChineseinChina.A.studyB.havestudiedC.studiesD.arestudying【例4】（2009河南）Thezookeeperisworriedbecausethenumberofvisitors__smallerandsmaller.A.becomeB.becameC.isbecomingD.havebecome【例5】（2010安徽）—Howmuchthepairofshoes?—Twentydollarsenough.A.is;isB.is;areC.are;isD.are;are【例6】（2009宁夏）Thewomanbehindthegirlsafamousactress.A.isB.areC.haveD.has【例7】（2009齐齐哈尔）-Whichismoreuseful,listeningorspeaking?-Ithinkofthemareuseful.A.noneB.bothC.all【例8】（2009齐齐哈尔）Thisismytwinsister,Lucy.NotonlyshebutalsoIgoodatdrawing.A.isB.amC.areI.用动词be或have的适当形式填空Everystudentgotabook.Thenumberofstudentsintheschoolnowrising.Anumberofboyslayingbasketballatthemoment.Theresomethingelseinthedesk.Tom,togetherwithhismother,gonetoNewYork.Theteacherwithtwostudentslayingsports.Thispairoftrousersmadebymyauntlastyear.Fivemonthsalongtimetowait.Heresomebooks.Tocleantheroomyourduty.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空WhenIgotthere,theyeach（read）abook.Neitherofus（like）thestorybook.Everyoneexceptme（go）tothecinematonight.Afootballteamoften（have）elevenplayers.Noonebutmyparents（know）thetruth.Jim'sfamily(enjoy)watchingTVaftersupper.Whatyousaid(be)quiteusefultous.Look!Theclass(do)morningexercisesontheplayground.Twentyyears(have)passedsincehelefthishometown.Threeglassesofmilk(be)enoughforus.Eitheryouorhe(be)ateacher.NotonlyLiLeibutalsoJack(enjoy)playingfootballverymuch.BothLucyandLily(be)fromtheUSA.Everyboyandgirl(wear)theschooluniformtoday.Jimwithhisparentsoften(take)awalkintheparkafterdinner.Thenumberofstudentsinthisschool(be)about800.Twofifthsoftheapple(eat)upbythemousealready.Tendollars(be)notenoughformetobuyaskirt.Mr.Zhangaswellashistwosons(watch)TVtogetheratthismoment.Theyoung(play)videogamesalotonSundays.There(come)thebus.Atthetopofthehill(stand)anoldtemple.There(be)aboyandthreegirlsintheclassroomnow.单项选择()1.Theremorecarsnowinourcountry.A.haveB.areC.isD.has()2.Linda,withherparents,__theWolfHill,andtheywillbebackthisafternoon.A.hasgonetoB.havegonetoC.hasbeentoD.havebeento()3.—Howmuchisthepairofshoes?—Twentydollarsenough.A.isB.areC.am()4.—PhysicsmoredifficultthanChinese,doyouthinkso?—Yes,Ithinkso.A.isB.areC.has()5.__Lily___Lucyisgoingwithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayathome.A.Notonly；butalsoB.Neither;norC.Both;andD.Either;or()6.EachofthegirlsheretotheWestLaketwice.A.havegoneB.havebeenC.hasgoneD.hasbeen()7.OneofmyfriendsmovedtoAmerica.Imisshersomuch.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are()8.Thenumberofbooksinthebookshopis10,000andanumberofthem___aboutscience.A.isB.wasC.areD.were()9.Thisismytwinsister,Lucy.BothsheandIgoodatdrawing.A.amB.isC.areD.be()10.Nooneswimminginsuchbadweather.A.likeB.likesC.likingD.liked()11.Nooneexcepttwostudentsthemeeting.A.hasbeenlateforB.havebeenlateforC.waslateforD.werelatefor()12.Allbuthimandmetotheexhibition.A.amgoingB.isgoingC.aregoingD.wasgoing()13.AnumberofcarsinfrontoftheparkA.isparkedB.wasparkedC.areparkedD.hasparked()14.NeitherTomnorhisparentsathome.A.isB.areC.hasD.was()15.waswrong.A.NottheteacherbutthestudentsB.BoththestudentsandtheteacherC.NeithertheteachernotthestudentsD.Notthestudentsbuttheteacher()16.Threehoursenoughforustofinishthetask.A.areB.hasC.isD.were()17.Maryisoneofthegirlswhoalwaysontime.A.isB.amC.areD.was()18.(1)ThestudentsinourschooleachanEnglishdictionary.(2)EachofthestudentsinourschoolanEnglishdictionary.A.arehavingB.hadC.hasD.have()19.Toplaybasketballandtogoswimming_usefulforcharacter-training.A.wasB.isC.areD.were()20.(1)Manystudentsthatmistakebefore.(2)Manyastudentthatmistakebefore.A.hadmadeB.hasbeenmadeC.havemadeD.hasmade()21.Therestofthenovel_veryinteresting.A.wereB.areC.isD.seem()22.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boys,visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe()23.Theresomemilkintheglass.A.isB.areC.beD.has()24.Howtimeflies!Threeyearsreallyashorttime.A.isB.areC.wasD.were()25.ThepopulationofChina__largerthanthatoftheUSA.A.willbeB.areC.isD.was()26.Deerfasterthandogs.A.willrunB.arerunningC.runsD.run()27.Thispairoftrousersmysister.Mytrousers.A.isbelongto;isbeingwashedB.belongsto;arebeingwashedC.belongto;iswashedD.arebelongingto;hasbeenwashed()28.WhatIwant__aninterestingbookwhilewhathewants__twocupsofcoffee.A.is;areB.are;isC.is;isD.are;are()29.Thereadingroomveryquiet.Ienjoyreadingbooksthere.A.amB.isC.areD.be()30.Inourschoollibrary,there___anumberofbooksonscienceandthenumberofthemgrowinglargerandlarger.A.is;areB.are;isC.have;isD.is;have()31.NobodybutLiHuathesecret.A.knowsB.knowC.haveknownD.isknown()32.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthsea.A.isB.areC.wereD.hasbeen()33Allbutoneherejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were()34Whereawill,thereisaway.A.therehasB.isC.thereisD.thereare()35.EachboyandeachgirlanEnglishdictionaryyesterday.A.aregivenB.wasgivenC.beinggivenD.weregiven()36.Theold___takengoodcareofinChina.A.isB.hasC.areD.have()37.Sheistheonlyoneofallthestudentswho___achancetogoabroad.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are()38.SomethingwrongwithmyTVset.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are()39.EitherTimorIaboss.A.amB.isC.areD.be/r