考研考博-英语-山东体育学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东体育学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

TheoldestlivingthingsonEartharetrees.SomeofCalifornia’ssequoiashaveforfourthousandyearslookeddownonthechangesinthelandscapeandthecomingsandgoingsofhumans.TheysproutedfromtinyseedsaboutthetimetheEgyptianpyramidswerebeingbuilt.Todaythesegiantpatriarchsseemasremoteandinaccessibleastherocksandmountaincliffsonwhichtheygrow,likecathedralcolumnsholdingupthesky.Itishardtoimaginethemplayinganypartinthelivesofmerehumansorbeinginanywayaffectedbythecreaturesthatpassattheirfeet.

Lessertrees,however,haveplayedanintimateroleinthelivesofpeoplesincetheyfirstappearedonEarth.Treesfedthefiresthatwarmedhumans:theyprovidedshelter,foodandmedicineandevenclothing.Theyalsoshapedpeople’sspiritualhorizons.Treesexpressedthegrandeurandmysteryoflife,astheymovedthroughthecycleofseasons,fromlifetodeathandbacktolifeagain.Treeswerethelargestlivingthingsaroundhumansandtheyknewthatsometreeshadbeenstandingonthesamespotintheirparents’andgrandparents’time,andwouldcontinuetostandlongaftertheyweregone.Nowonderthesetreesbecamesymbolsofstrength,fruitfulness,andeverlastinglife.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasawayinwhichpeoplehaveusedtrees?

3.Theunderlinedphrase“giantpatriarchs”inparagraph1couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

4.Theunderlinedword“they”inparagraph2referstowhichofthefollowing?

5.Theauthorimpliesthat,comparedwithsequoias,othertreeshave________.

问题1选项

A.Treesgrowtogreatheights.

B.Treeshavebeenimportanttopeoplethroughouthistory.

C.Treesmakehumansseemsuperior.

D.TreesthatgrowinCaliforniaareveryold.

问题2选项

A.Forfurniture.

B.Forfuel.

C.Forhousing.

D.Fornourishment.

问题3选项

A.tinyseeds

B.importantleaders

C.toweringtrees

D.Egyptianpyramids

问题4选项

A.Trees

B.Grandeurandmystery

C.Seasons

D.People’sspiritualhorizons

问题5选项

A.beeninexistencelonger

B.adaptedmorereadilytotheirenvironments

C.beenaffectedmorebyanimals

D.hadacloserrelationshipwithpeople

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章讲了树木在历史的发展，点出树木对人的作用，所以B选项“纵观历史，树木对人类很重要”正确。A选项“树长得很高”和D选项“生长在加州的树很古老”是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文。C选项“树让人看起来更优越”文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句Treesfedthefiresthatwarmedhumans:theyprovidedshelter,foodandmedicineandevenclothing.（树木为人类提供了温暖的炉火：它们提供了住所、食物、药品甚至衣服。），所以这里提到了B选项“作为燃料”，C选项“建房子”和D选项“吸收其营养”，没有提到A选项“做成家具”。因此A选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据第一段第三、四句TheysproutedfromtinyseedsaboutthetimetheEgyptianpyramidswerebeingbuilt.Todaythesegiantpatriarchsseemasremoteandinaccessibleastherocksandmountaincliffsonwhichtheygrow,likecathedralcolumnsholdingupthesky.（大约在建造埃及金字塔的时候，它们从微小的种子中发芽。今天，这些巨大的创始者就像它们生长的岩石和悬崖一样遥远和难以接近，就像支撑天空的大教堂柱子。），可知这些“巨大的家长”生长在岩石和悬崖上，就像大教堂柱子一样高，所以C选项“高耸的树木”正确，A选项“小小的种子”和D选项“埃及金字塔”错误。B选项“重要的领袖”文中没有提到。因此C选项正确。

4.语义推测题。根据第二段第四句Treesexpressedthegrandeurandmysteryoflife,astheymovedthroughthecycleofseasons,fromlifetodeathandbacktolifeagain.（树木表现了生命的宏伟和神秘，因为它们在季节的循环中移动，从生到死，再回到生命。），可知“它们”指的是A选项“树木”，B选项“宏伟和神秘”和C选项“四季”错误。D选项“人们的精神视野”：根据第二段第三句Theyalsoshapedpeople’sspiritualhorizons.（它们还塑造了人们的精神视野。），这里的“它们”也指树木，故错误。因此A选项正确。

5.推理判断题。根据第一段倒数第一、二句Todaythesegiantpatriarchsseemasremoteandinaccessibleastherocksandmountaincliffsonwhichtheygrow…Itishardtoimaginethemplayinganypartinthelivesofmerehumansorbeinginanywayaffectedbythecreaturesthatpassattheirfeet.（今天，这些巨大的创始者就像它们生长的岩石和悬崖一样遥远和难以接近……很难想象他们会在人类的生活中扮演任何角色，或者受到他们脚下的生物的任何影响。），可知相比于红杉树，其他树木更贴近人类生活，所以D选项“与人有更密切的关系”正确。A选项“存在更久”，B选项“更容易适应环境”和C选项“更容易受到动物的影响”文中没有提到。因此D选项正确。

2.翻译题

Politiciansandthepublicarequicktoblamecollegefacultymembersforthedeclineinlearning,butprofessors—likeallteachers—areworkinginacontextthathasbeencreatedlargelybyothers:

Fewpeopleoutsideofhighereducationunderstandhowlittlecontrolprofessorsactuallyhaveoverwhatstudentscanlearn.

Herearesomereasons:

Lackofstudentpreparation.Increasingly,undergraduatesarenotpreparedadequatelyinanyacademicareabutoftenarrivewithstrongconvictionsabouttheirabilities.Socollegeprofessorsroutinelyencounterstudentswhohaveneverwrittenanythingmorethanshortanswersonexams,whodonotreadmuchatall，wholackfoundationalskillsinmathandscience，yetarecompletelyconvincedoftheirabilitiesandresistanycriticismoftheirwork，tothepointofangerandtears:“ButIearnednothingbutA’sinhighschool,”and“Yourdemandsareunreasonable.”Suchacombinationmakessomestudentsnearlyunteachable.

Gradeinflation.Ithasbecomedifficulttogivestudentshonestfeedback.Theslightestcriticismshavetobecushionedbyawarmblanketofpraiseandencouragementtoavoidprovokingoppositionaldefianceorcompletebreakdowns.

Asaresult,studentprogressisslowed,sharply.Rubric-drivenapproachesgivetheappearanceofobjectivitybutmakegradingseemlikeamatterofchecklists,which,ifcompleted,mustensureanA.Increasingly，time-pressuredcollegeteachersaskthemselves，“Whatgradewillensurenocomplaintfromthestudent，orworse，abattleoverwhethertheinstructionsforanassignmentwereclearenough?”So，thenumberofA-rangegradeskeepsgoingup,andthemotivationforstudentstoexcelkeepsgoingdown.

Studentretention.Asthecollege-agepopulationdeclines,manytuition-driveninstitutionsstruggletofindenoughpayingcustomerstobalancetheirbudgets.Thatmakesitnecessarytorecruitevenmoreunpreparedstudents，whothenmustberetained，shiftingtheburdenforacademicsuccessawayfromthestudentandontotheteacher.

Facultymemberscanworkwithanindividualstudent，iftheyhavetime，butthecapabilitiesofthestudentpopulationasawholedefinetheaveragelevelofrigorthatissustainableintheclassroom.Atsomeinstitutions,graduationratesaresohighbecausetheacademicexpectationsaresolow.Failingalotofstudentsisaseriousrisk,financially,forthecollegeandtheprofessor.

【答案】因此，大学教授遇到的学生往往是这样的：除了会在试卷上写简要答案之外，从不动笔写任何东西，不怎么读书，缺乏基本的数理技能，却对自己的能力信心满满，还拒绝接受任何针对其作业的批评，甚至到了大哭大闹的地步。

稍加批评，就得施以各种赞美鼓励来缓和，以防引发对立情绪，或者情绪完全崩溃。

由于时间压力，越来越多的大学老师自问：“给学生什么样的成绩才能保证他们不抱怨，更糟糕的是，才不会因为作业要求是否清晰而引发纷争?”

因此，就不得不招进更多不合要求的学生，还不得不留下他们，从而将争取学业成功的负担从学生身上转嫁到老师身上。

如果有时间，教师可以进行单独辅导。但是学生的整体能力决定了在课堂上能够严格要求他们的程度。

3.单选题

21-25

问题1选项

A.Suicide.

B.Obesity.

C.Turmoil.

D.Drugabuse.

问题2选项

A.Preventable.

B.Destructive.

C.Treatable.

D.Curable.

问题3选项

A.Combiningantidepressantsandtalktherapy.

B.Promotingthetransmissionbetweenneurons.

C.Winningparentalassistanceandsupport.

D.Administeringeffectiveantidepressants.24.

问题4选项

A.Becauseitaddstotheeffectoftreatment.

B.Becauseitworksbetterthanthemedications.

C.Becauseitcantaketheplaceofantidepressants.

D.Becauseithelpsreducetheuseofantidepressants.25.

问题5选项

A.65percent.

B.75percent.

C.85percent.

D.95percent.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】(21)Suicideisaveryrealriskforyoungpeoplewhosufferfromclinicaldepression.Infactduringthepasttwoyearssuicidehasincreasedamongyouthsbetweentheagesof10and19,buttherearen'ttreatmentsthatcanhelp.(22)(23)Researchersshowthatthemosteffectivetreatmentisthecombinationofanti-depressionandtalktherapy.Anti-depressantsworkbyincreasingchemical—whichfacilitatecommunicationsbetweenneuronsinthebrainAnti-depressantsarethemosteffectivetreatmentformostadults.Butwhenitcomestoteenagers,it’snotenough.”SaysdoctorR,apsychiatrist.With—universitymedicalcenter.13ageyearsarefullofturmoil,emotionsandchanges.Andtherearefamilyconflictsandconflictswithrelationshipthatcancontributetodistressinadolescentssays.Andanti-depressantmedicationsmaynotbeabletodealwithallofthoseproblems,"psychotherapy,specificallyproblem-behavioraltherapyneedtobecombined,"hesays.(24)(25)Inhisrecentmajorstudy,withthetherapyinusealongwithanti-depressants.75%ofkidsarereportedfeelingbetterandlesssuicidalafter3monthprobablybecausetheproblem-behavioraltherapytacklethinkingandfeelinginaveryparticularwaythatmedicinesmaynot.Andinparticularsuicidalcase.Itintervenesinapositiveway.Say.doctorF,apsychiatristwith—inthemedicalcollege.

21.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

【解析】从首句可知：对于临床抑郁症的年轻人来讲，他们非常有可能自杀。因此本文的主要内容是讲如何治疗抑郁从而避免自杀的风险。故A为正确选项。

22.Towhatextentcantheproblembedealtwith?

【解析】通过文章中的“researchersshowthatthemosteffectivetreatmentisthecombinationofanti-depressionandtalktherapy”（研究表明，最有效的治疗方式是抗抑郁和谈话治疗的结合），由此可知，临床抑郁症是可治疗的。故本题选C。

23.Whatwayisthebetteralternativenowtotreattheproblems?

【解析】通过上题解析可知，A项正确。

24.Whyshouldtalktherapybecombined?

【解析】通过录音中可知，75%的青少年都在使用心理疗法（psychotherapy）之后，感觉会好一些，自杀的冲动也会减轻。因此，心理疗法可以与药物疗法同时使用，因为能增加后者的效果。故本题选A。

25.Whatisthepercentageofthekidswhofeelbetterafterthecombinedtherapy?

【解析】该数字应为75%。

4.单选题

Thesnowseemstohaveset（）fortheevening.

问题1选项

A.upon

B.in

C.about

D.down

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项setupon“袭击；挑拨，唆使；开始”；B选项setin“开端；来临；到来”；Csetabout选项“开始着手；考虑”；D选项setdown“放下；记下；登记；写下”。句意：晚上似乎要下雪了。因此B选项正确。

5.单选题

Wouldyouplease（）onyoursecondpoint?

问题1选项

A.indicate

B.elaborate

C.precede

D.count

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项indicate“表明；指出”；B选项elaborate“精心制作；详细阐述”；C选项precede“领先；高于”；D选项count“认为；算数”。句意：能不能对你的第二个要点进行……？对第二个要点还没有领会理解，需要进一步做解释。因此B选项符合题意。

6.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

经过改革开放30多年的努力，中国经济实力不断增强，国民生产总值大幅提升。中国人口多、底子薄，面临城乡区域发展不平衡、科技创新能力不强等问题。中国要实现现代化建设的目标还需要长期艰苦奋斗。中国面临的问题只有通过发展才能解决。我们将坚持把发展作为第一要务，努力推动经济社会又好又快发展。

【答案】Overthepast30yearssincereformandopening-up,China’seconomyhasenjoyedcontinuousgrowthanditsGDPhasrisentoamuchhigherlevel.China,acountrywithabigpopulationandweakeconomicfoundation,isconfrontedwithsomechallenges,includingdevelopmentdisparitiesbetweentheurbanandruralareasandamongdifferentregions,inadequateinnovationcapabilitiesandsoon.Toachievemodernization,wemustmakepersistentandstrenuouseffort.Andwecanonlyovercomeourdifficultiesthroughdevelopment.Wewillcontinuetotakedevelopmentasourtoppriorityandmakeeveryefforttoachievesoundandrapideconomicandsocialdevelopment.

7.单选题

Mostmenholdastereotypedconceptionofwomenthatthefemalearebornwithfrailconstitutionsaswellasa（）mind.

问题1选项

A.compassionate

B.fragile

C.stubborn

D.fatal

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项compassionate“慈悲的，富于同情心的”；B选项fragile“脆的，易碎的”；C选项stubborn“固执的”；D选项fatal“致命的，重大的”。句意：大部分男人对于女人都有一个刻板的观念，那就是女人天生体格方面弱，思想方面（固执）。句中…mind与frailconstitutions相对应，根据句意，stubborn“固执的”用来修饰题中女人的思想正确。因此C选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Thereisnothingsecretaboutwhatwe’redoing;it’sallperfectly（

）.

问题1选项

A.outofsight

B.ontheair

C.onthehorizon

D.aboveboard

【答案】D

【解析】考察固定搭配。“outofsight”看不见；“ontheair”在播送；“onthehorizon”在地平线上，即将来临的；“aboveboard”诚实的，光明正大的。句意：我们所做的事没有任何秘密，完全都是光明正大的。选项D符合句意。

9.单选题

Nothingwould（）Elizabethtogiveupthecauseofeducation.

问题1选项

A.induce

B.deduce

C.reduce

D.seduce

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项induce“导致”；B选项deduce“推论”；C选项reduce“减少”；D选项seduce“诱惑”。句意：没有什么能让伊丽莎白放弃教育事业。本句表示导致某人放弃。因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

WhenyouwatchafootballgameonaSaturdayafternoon,youfeelsecureinyourknowledgeofwhatwillhappenwhenaplayerbootstheball.Itfirstgoesupandthenitconiesdown.That’showitis,was,andwillbe—unless...ifthekickersomedayshouldkicktheballsuchthatattheinstantitlefthistoeitweretravelingupwardatarateof11.2kilometerspersecond(25,000mhr).Wewouldfindthatwewouldnothavetoworryaboutapuntreturn,becausetheballsimplywouldnotcomedown.Thisparticularspeedistheescapevelocityofanobjectfromtheearth.Atthisspeed,anyobject,largeorsmall,willescapefromtheearthtosoarforeverupwarduntilcapturedbythegravitationalattractionofsomeotherplanetorheavenlybody.Atfirstthoughtitmightseemthataheavyobjectmightrequireagreaterinitialspeedtoescapefromthesurfaceoftheearththanalighterone,rememberthatthewayobjectsfall(ormoveupwardagainstgravity)isindependentofthemassoftheobject.Asaresult,ifavelocityof11.2kilometerspersecondisenoughtocausealootballtoescapefromtheearth,itisalsoenoughtosendbowlingball(orfreightcar)onitsway.

Theconceptofescapevelocityappliestoobjectsassmallasatomsandmolecules.Theearth’satmosphereiscomposedprimarilyofoxygenandnitrogen,anditcontainspracticallynotraceofhydrogenorhelium,thelightestelements.Alltheatomsofagastravelinrandommotionatveryhighspeeds,andthelessmassiveatomsandmoleculestravelatthegreatestspeeds.Infact,thelightergasesgosofastthattheirspeedsaregreaterthanthecriticalspeedof11.2kilometerspersecond.Thustheyhavelongagoleftourcomfortablehomeandarenowwanderingthroughspaceinsearchofamorehospitablegravitationalfield.

Themoonhasaweakergravitationheldthantheearth.Theescapevelocityofanobjectonthemoonisabout2.4kilometerspersecond,andeventheheaviergaseshaveenoughspeedtoescapethemoon.Thisexplainswhywefindnoatmospherethere;anygasesthatmaybereleasednearthemoonquicklyescape.

1.Onlywhenaballexceeds11.2kmpersecondcanit（

）.

2.Inordertoescapefromtheearth,aheavierobject

（

）.

3.Heliumisnotfoundintheearth’satmospherebecause

（

）.

4.Thereisnoatmosphereonthemoonbecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.reachotherplanets

B.makeagoal

C.escapefromtheearth

D.goupwards

问题2选项

A.demandsagreaterinitialspeedthanalighterone

B.demandsasgreataninitialspeedasalighterone

C.mustbemadelighterthanitsoriginalweight

D.hastoovercomeagreatergravitythanalighterone

问题3选项

A.itsmovingspeedwellexceeds11.2kmpersecond

B.itlefttheatmospherelongagoinsearchofanotherplanet

C.itsmovingspeedisnotgreatenoughtoreachtheatmosphere

D.itislighterandcannotbethrownupwards

问题4选项

A.itisdryandlifeless

B.ithasagreaterescapevelocity

C.nogasesareproducedbyitself

D.itcannotholdsuchgasesasoxygenandnitrogentoit

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段最后一句话提到“如果每秒11.2千米的速度能够让一个足球离开地球，那么也足够将一个保龄球（或一辆货车）送离地面”（Asaresult,ifavelocityof11.2kilometerspersecondisenoughtocausealootballtoescapefromtheearth,itisalsoenoughtosendbowlingball(orfreightcar)onitsway），因此选项C“逃离地球”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“为了离开地球，一个较重的物体……”。文章第一段倒数第二句话提到“物体下落的方式与物体的质量无关”（rememberthatthewayobjectsfall(ormoveupwardagainstgravity)isindependentofthemassoftheobject），选项B“需要的初始速度与较轻物体的一样”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。题目问的是“地球大气中没有氦气的原因是……”。文章第二段提到地球的大气主要有氧和氮组成，几乎没有氢和氦，质量轻的其他速度超过了11.2千米每秒的临界值，因此它们没有停留在地球，而是在太空中（Infact,thelightergasesgosofastthattheirspeedsaregreaterthanthecriticalspeedof11.2kilometerspersecond.Thustheyhavelongagoleftourcomfortablehomeandarenowwanderingthroughspaceinsearchofamorehospitablegravitationalfield），由此可以推测氦气的速度超过了11.2千米每秒，选项A符合题意。

4.推理判断题。题目问的是“月球上没有大气的原因是……”。文章最后一段提到月球的引力比地球的引力小。月球上物体的逃逸速度是2.4千米每秒，即使是较重的气体也有足够的速度逃离月球，这就是为什么月球上没有大气的原因，由此可知选项D“它不能将氧和氮这样的气体留在里面”符合题意。

11.单选题

Johnsaidthathedidn’tquite（）andaskedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid.

问题1选项

A.snatchup

B.summonup

C.catchon

D.watchout

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项snatchup“夺取，抓起”，B项summonup“鼓起，唤起”，C项catchon“理解，变得流行”，D项watchout“小心，提防”。根据后面的句意“要我重复我说过的话”可知，空格部分表示“明白，理解”，只有C项符合。句意：约翰说他不太明白，要我重复一遍刚才说的话。因此，该题选择C项正确。

12.单选题

Afterafewdays,exhaustion______andtheclimberswereforcedtogiveuptheirattempttoreachthetopofthemountain.

问题1选项

A.setoff

B.setin

C.setto

D.setout

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。setoff“出发”；setin“开始，流行”；setto“开始认真干”；setout“开始，成列”。句意：几天后，疲惫渐渐袭来，爬山者被迫放弃爬到山顶的尝试。选项B符合题意。

13.单选题

Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours'sleepalternationwithsome16-17hours'wakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.

Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Theease,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnight,isaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormallytakesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoreversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8amoneweek,8a.mto4p.mthenext,o12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.

Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnight-shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.Shefoundahighincidence（发生率）ofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.

Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-termpolicy,butmeanwhilesomethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesofroutine.Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightworkthepatternwillonlygraduallygobacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwithwhichitdoessoparallels,broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,particularlyintermsofperformance.Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection.Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.

1.Whyisthequestionof“howeasilypeoplecangetusedtoworkingatnight”notamereacademicquestion?

2.Themainproblemoftheround-the-clockworkingsystemliesin（

）.

3.Thebestsolutionforimplementingthe24-hourworkingsystemseemstobe

（

）.

4.Itispossibletofindoutifapersonhasadaptedtothechangesofroutinebymeasuringhisbodytemperaturebecause

（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

问题1选项

A.Becausefewpeopleliketoreversethecycleofsleepandwakefulness.

B.Becausesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.

C.Becausepeoplearerequiredtoworkatnightinsomefieldsofindustry.

D.Becauseshiftworkinindustryrequirespeopletochangetheirsleepinghabits.

问题2选项

A.theinconveniencesbroughtabouttotheworkersbytheintroduction

B.thedisturbanceofthedailylifecycleofworkerswhohavetochangeshiftstoofrequently

C.thefactthatpeopleworkingatnightareoftenlesseffective

D.thefactthatitisdifficulttofindanumberofgoodnightworkers

问题3选项

A.tochangeshiftsatlongerintervals

B.tohavelongershifts

C.toarrangeforsomepeopletoworkonnightshiftsonly

D.tocreatebetterlivingconditionsfornightworkers

问题4选项

A.peoplehavehighertemperatureswhentheyareworkingefficiently

B.bodytemperaturechangeswhenhechangestonightshiftorback

C.thetemperaturereverseswhentheroutineischanged

D.bodytemperaturechangeswiththecycleofsleepandwakefulness

问题5选项

A.Bodytemperaturemayserveasanindicationofaworker’sperformance.

B.Theselectionofanumberofpermanentnightshiftworkershasprovedtobethebestsolutiontoproblemsoftheround-the-clockworkingsystem.

C.Takingbodytemperatureatregularintervalscanshowhowapersonadaptstothechangesofroutine.

D.Disturbedsleepoccurslessfrequentlyamongthoseonpermanentnightordayshifts.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中Theease,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnight,isaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.（例如，人们可以轻松地从白天工作到晚上工作，这是一个在自动化工业中越来越重要的问题，在这个行业中，要求机器全天候运转）可知选C。

第2题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.moneweek,8a.mto4p.mthenext,and4p.mto12midnightthethirdandsoon.（不幸的是，在工业中，每周都会发生变化；一个人每周可以从午夜12点工作到每周8点，第二天晚上8点到下午4点，下午4点到12点，以此类推）可知选B。

第3题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.（唯一真正的解决办法似乎是把轮班交付给一些长期的夜间工人）可知选C。

第4题:推理判断题。由文章最后一段中Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;particularlyintermsofperformance.（知道一个人何时适应的方法是测量他的体温。从事正常日间工作的人在清醒的时候会有较高的温度，晚上则会有较低的温度；特别是在工作表现方面）可知选A。

第5题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.（唯一真正的解决办法似乎是把轮班交付给一些长期的夜间工人）和最后一段中Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.（然而，到目前为止，这种选择形式似乎还没有在实践中得到应用）可知选B。

14.单选题

Thefatherlosthis（

）justbecausehissonfailedagaininthefinalexam.

问题1选项

A.mind

B.mood

C.passion

D.temper

【答案】D

【解析】句意:父亲发脾气只是因为儿子期末考试又考砸了。

考查固定搭配。loseone’stemper发脾气。

15.单选题

Thecountrycarriedonnucleartestswithoutfeelingapprehensiveabouttheconsequences.

问题1选项

A.optimistic

B.anxious

C.uncertain

D.scared

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。apprehensive表示“忧虑的，不安的”；A项optimistic“乐观的”，B项anxious“焦虑的”，C项uncertain“不确定的”，D项scared“害怕的”。句意：这个国家进行了核试验，并不担心其后果。根据句意可知，选择B项正确。

16.单选题

Iboughtanalarmclockwitha(n)（）dial,whichcanbeseenclearlyinthedark.

问题1选项

A.supersonic

B.luminous

C.audible

D.amplified

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。supersonic“超音速的，超音波的”；luminous“发光的，明亮的”；audible“听得见的”；amplified“放大的，扩充的”。句意：我买了一个带有发光钟面的闹钟，这样在黑暗中也能看清时间了。由后半句句意可知B项符合题意。

17.不定项选择题

TheestablishmentoftheThirdReichinfluencedeventsinAmericanhistorybystartingachainofeventswhichculminatedinwarbetweenGermanyandtheUnitedStates.Thecompetedestructionofdemocracy,thepersecutionofJews,thewaronreligion,thecrueltyandbarbarismoftheNazis,andespeciallytheplansofGermanyandherallies,ItalyandJapan,forworldconquestcausedgreatindignationinthiscountryandbroughtonfearofanotherworldwar.

WhilespeakingoutagainstHitler’satrocities,theAmericanpeoplegenerallyfavorediso