考研考博-英语-四川大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Itwasascenethatwouldstayforeverinhismind:thefatherholdinghissonabovethewater,himselfslowly（）inthelake,desperatelyawaitingrescue.

问题1选项

A.overstepped

B.overflowed

C.subjected

D.submerged

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项overstepped“逾越；超越”；B选项overflowed“溢出”；C选项subjected“使遭受；使从属”；D选项submerged“淹没；沉浸”。句意：这一幕将永远停留在他心中：父亲托举儿子露出水面，自己却慢慢……于湖水中，绝望地等待救援。由关键信息abovethewater“在水面上”可以知道父亲的身体正淹没在水中。因此D选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Whiletyping,Helenhasahabitofstopping（）togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.

问题1选项

A.occasionally

B.simultaneously

C.eventually

D.promptly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项occasionally“偶尔，间或”；B选项simultaneously“同时”；C选项eventually“最后，终于”；D选项promptly“迅速地，立即地”。句意：海伦打字时，习惯_____停下来梳理一下她那飘逸的长发。这里表示的是“偶尔停下来”，因此A选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareasisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatisitbecausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,withthecountryenteringarecessingandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak,theU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneoftheprimarycauseofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotiveassemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts—aresultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedonthejob.

Morerecently,whileexamininghousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry'swork.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Wehavebeguntosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit.Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity’sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducationhowever,doesn’tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld’sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn'tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportanceofeducationinpoorcountries（）.

2.AmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.S.workforcesisthat（）.

3.Theauthorquotestheexampleofourancestortoshowthateducationemerged（）.

4.Accordingtothelastparagraph,developmentofeducation（）.

问题1选项

A.isconventionaldowngraded

B.hasbeenoverestimated

C.issubjecttogroundlessdoubts

D.hasfallenvictimofbias

问题2选项

A.theU.S.workforceismoreorganize

B.theJapaneseworkforceismoreproductive

C.theU.S.workforcehasabettereducation

D.theJapaneseworkforceisbetterdisciplined

问题3选项

A.asaresultofpressureongovernment

B.whenpeoplenolongerwenthungry

C.C.priortobetterwaysoffindingfood

D.whenpeoplehadenoughtime

问题4选项

A.followedimprovedproductivity

B.doesnotdependoneconomicperformance

C.resultsdirectlyfromthecompetitiveenvironments

D.cannotaffordpoliticalchanges

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者在第一段中认为教育在贫穷国家的重要性……”。文章第一段第二句后半句提到“传统观点认为教育应该是促进贫穷国家经济快速发展的最高优先事项之一，这种观点是错误的”(however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong)，由此可知贫穷国家教育的重要性被高估了，因此选项B符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“日本和美国劳动力的一个主要区别是什么？”文章第二段最后提到研究表明丰田、尼桑和本田位于美国的工厂的生产率大约是日本同行的95%（YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts），由此可以推测出日本的生产率比美国的要高，因此选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者引用我们祖先的例子来说明教育的出现……”。文章第四段第二句话提到“我们怀疑，即使政府不强迫，持续的经济增长也会促进教育的发展”(Wehavebeguntosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit)；当我们的祖先还在狩猎和采集的时候，除了寻找食物，他们没有时间去思考其他的事情，由此可知教育之所以出现，是因为不需要去担心食物的问题，选项B“人们不再挨饿”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章最后一段可知教育的发展……”。文章最后一段的第一句提到随着教育的进步，人类的生产潜力也增加了(Aseducationimproved,humanity’sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell),选项A“伴随生产力的提升”符合题意。

4.填空题

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereis|oneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

GhostshipsAutonomouscargovesselscouldsetsailwithoutacrewunderthewatchfuleyeofcaptainsinshore-basedsimulators

Militarydronesalreadyflyfrequentmissionsandcivilianoperationsusingunmannedaircraftarecoming.Driverlesscarsareclockingupthousandsoftestmiles.(41)Indeed,themaritimeindustryhasstartedtothinkaboutwhatwouldberequiredtolaunchalatter-dayMarieCdeste.

(42)Thebridgesofsomemodernvesselsarenowmorelikelytocontaincomputerscreensandjoysticksthanenginetelegraphsandagiantship’swheel.ThelatestsupplyshipsservingtheoffshoreoilandgasindustryintheNorthSea,forinstance,usedynamicpositioningsystemswhichcollectdatafromsatellites,gyrocompasses,andwindandmotionsensorstoautomaticallyholdtheirpositionwhentransferringcargo(alsodonebyremotecontrol)toandfromplatforms,evenintheheaviestofswells.

(43)Asintheairandontheroad,robustcontrolsystemswillbeneededtoconformtoexistingregulations.

Themaritimeindustryisinterestedincrewlessshipsfortworeasons.Thefirstissafety.Mostaccidentsatseaaretheresultofhumanerror,justastheyareincarsandplanes.(44)

Thesecondreasonis,ofcourse,cost.Itisbecomingincreasinglydifficulttosignupcompetentcrewpreparedtospendmonthsawayatsea.Moreover,somevoyagesarelikelytogetevenlongerforshipscarryingnon-urgentcargo.Bysomeaccounts,a30%reductioninspeedbyabulkcarriercansavearound50%infuel.(45)Removingthecrew,though,alsoremovestheneedfortheiraccommodationanditsassociatedequipment,likeheatingandplumbing.Andthatprovidesroomtocarrymorecargo.

A.Ships,likeaircraftandcars,areincreasinglycontrolledbyelectronicsystems,whichmakesautomationeasier.

B.So,ifhumanoperatorsarereplacedbysophisticatedsensorsandcomputersystems,autonomousvesselsshould,intheory,makeshippingsafer.

C.Sowhynotletremote-controlledshipssetsailwithoutacrew?

D.Somethingsimilarisbeingproposedforautonomouscivildrones,withground-basedpilotsrespondingtocommunicationsandair-trafficcontrolinstructionsasiftheywereinthecockpit.

E.Thismeansslowersteamingcouldprovidebigsavingsinfuelcosts,butitwouldbeattheexpenseofincreasedexpenditureoncrewfortheselongervoyages,bothinwagesandforthe“hotel”facilitiesrequiredonboard.

F.However,asisalsothecasewithpilotlessaircraftanddriverlesscars,itisnotsomuchatechnologicalchallengethathastobeovercomebeforeautonomousshipscansetsail,butregulatoryandsafetyconcerns.

【答案】41.C

42.A

43.F

44.B

45.E

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Ships,likeaircraftandcars,areincreasinglycontrolledbyelectronicsystems,whichmakesautomationeasier.A.像飞机和汽车一样，船舶越来越多地由电子系统控制，这使得自动化更容易。

B.So,ifhumanoperatorsarereplacedbysophisticatedsensorsandcomputersystems,autonomousvesselsshould,intheory,makeshippingsafer.B.因此，如果人工操作员被先进的传感器和计算机系统取代，自动驾驶船舶理论上应该会使航运更安全。

C.Sowhynotletremote-controlledshipssetsailwithoutacrew?C.那么，为什么不让遥控船只在没有船员的情况下启航呢？

D.Somethingsimilarisbeingproposedforautonomouscivildrones,withground-basedpilotsrespondingtocommunicationsandair-trafficcontrolinstructionsasiftheywereinthecockpit.D.类似的东西也被提议用于自主民用无人机，让地面飞行员对通信和空中交通管制指令做出反应，就像他们在驾驶舱里一样。

E.Thismeansslowersteamingcouldprovidebigsavingsinfuelcosts,butitwouldbeattheexpenseofincreasedexpenditureoncrewfortheselongervoyages,bothinwagesandforthe“hotel”facilitiesrequiredonboard.E.这意味着减速航行可以大幅节省燃料成本，但这将以增加船员在这些长途航行中的支出为代价，包括工资和船上所需的“酒店”设施。

F.However,asisalsothecasewithpilotlessaircraftanddriverlesscars,itisnotsomuchatechnologicalchallengethathastobeovercomebeforeautonomousshipscansetsail,butregulatoryandsafetyconcerns.F.然而，就像无人驾驶飞机和无人驾驶汽车一样，在无人驾驶船舶起航之前，需要克服的与其说是技术挑战，不如说是监管和安全方面的担忧。

41.前一句提到“无人驾驶汽车的测试里程已达数千英里”，后一句说到“海运业已经开始考虑建造现代的船舶需要什么条件”，从中可以推测，空格这一句应该是问无人驾驶的船舶，C项正确。

42.该段第二句提到“现在，一些现代船只的船桥上更有可能装有电脑屏幕和操纵杆，而不是发动机电报和巨型轮船的轮子”，并且后面用北海海上石油和天然气行业服务的船舶举例，来描述船舶上的电子系统控制，所以该段第一句与电子系统控制有关，故A项正确。

43.根据该段第二句“就像在空中和道路上一样，鲁棒控制系统将需要符合现有法规（existingregulations）”，可知这一段与上一段是转折关系，这一段描写的是无人驾驶船舶将遇到的一些问题，F项正确。

44.该段讲的是海运业对无船员船舶感兴趣的其中一个原因，即安全，所以最后一句也是对安全的描述，只有B项符合。

45.该段讲的是海运业对无船员船舶感兴趣的另外一个原因，即成本，所以该段都是对成本的阐述，E项正确。

5.单选题

Hardlyadaygoesby（

）Iwritetomyfamily.

问题1选项

A.when

B.since

C.but

D.before

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我几乎每天都跟家人写信。

语法题。But在这里为关系词,相当于that+not。

6.单选题

12.

问题1选项

A.Playtennis.

B.Takeoutthetrash.

C.Playcomputergames.

D.Gotocourtforalawsuit.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Howaboutthegameoftennis?

M:Ok,loser’lltakeoutthetrashforamonth.

W:It’sadeal.

M:Seeyouinthecourt.

Q:Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?

【解析】细节题。女士提议说待会去打网球，最后男士说：Seeyouinthecourt(球场上见)。

7.单选题

Thecostsassociatedwithnaturaldisastersareincreasingrapidly.Asaresult,officialsingovernmentandindustryhavefocusedmoreattentionondisastersandtheireffects.TheWhiteHouseOfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicyhasestimatedthatdisasterscostthecountryabout$1billionperweek.HurricaneAndrew,theMidwestfloodof1993,andtheHanshinearthquakehaveshownthatindividualdisasterscancosttensifnothundredsofbillionsofdollars.Thisincreasingcosthasresultedingreaterfundingfromgovernmentandindustryforthedevelopmentoftechnologiesrelatedtodisasterprediction,andhasledtomoreresearchintotheeffectiveuseofpredictiveinformation.

Theinsuranceindustryhaslongbeenawareofthedangersofnaturaldisasters;the1906earthquakeinSanFrancisco,California,bankruptedscoresofinsurancecompanies.Buttheindustryhasfocusedparticularattentionondisasterpredictioninrecentyears,asspiralingcostsrevealedthatmanycompanieshadunderestimatedtheirfinancialexposure.Forinstance,priortoHurricaneAndrewin1992,manyinsuranceexpertsthoughtthattheworsthurricanepossiblewoulddonomorethan$8billionindamagestotheindustry.ThedamagescausedbyHurricaneAndrew,estimatedatabout$17billion,shatteredthesebeliefs.Today,estimatesofworst-casedisasterscenariosapproach$100billion.

Theinsuranceindustryhasthereforeincreaseditssupportforresearchintodisasterprediction.OnesucheffortinvolvesanumberofcompaniesthathavejoinedtogethertosupporttheBermuda-basedRiskPredictionInitiative,whichfundsdisasterresearch.Theexpectationisthattheresultinginformationwillplacetheindustryonamoresolidfoundationtomakedecisionsabouttheriskoffuturedisasters.Theindustryhasalsolobbiedforthegovernmenttobearsomeofthefinancialburdenofdisasterinsurance.Suchaprogramalreadyexistsforfloodinsurance,setupinthelate1960sbythefederalgovernmenttoinsureflood-proneareas.Thesetypesofprograms,effectivelyimplemented,couldbeincreasinglynecessaryinthefuturetomakeinsuranceavailableinareaspronetodisasters.

Becausethestakesaresohigh,thescienceofdisasterpredictionhasabrightfuture.Thevariousprojectsandprogramsillustratethatdisasterpredictionisatopicofconcerntoscientistsandpolicymakersalike.Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthattheeffectiveuseofdisasterpredictionsnotonlyrequiresadvancedtechnologybutalsorequiresthatsocietyconsidertheentireprocessofprediction—forecasts,communication,anduseofinformation.Becausetheycannotpredictthefuturewithcertainty,andbecausemuchremainstobelearned,scientistswarnthatsocietymustunderstandthelimitsofscientificpredictionsandbepreparedtoemployalternatives.Wiselyused,however,disasterpredictionhasthepotentialtoreducesociety’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisasters.

1.Theresultoftheincreasingcostsinnaturaldisastersis（）.

2.ThedifferencebetweentheactuallosscausedbyHurricaneAndrewandthelossestimatedbyinsurancecompaniesbeforethehurricaneis（）.

3.Thepurposeofinsurancecompaniestosupportdisasterpredictionresearchisthat（）.

4.Theword“tsunamis”(Line3,Para.4)mostlikelyrefersto（）?

5.Thekeyfactortoreducesociety’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisastersis（）.

问题1选项

A.greatlosssufferedbycommercialcompanies

B.government’sincreasedattentionondisaster

C.individual’sawarenesstonaturaldisasters

D.morefundstosupportthepredictionresearch

问题2选项

A.1billiondollars

B.8billiondollars

C.9billiondollars

D.17billiondollars

问题3选项

A.companieswanttomakemoneyfromtheinsuredplaces

B.companiesmaythushaveabetterideaofthefuturerisks

C.companiescangetmoresympathiesfromthegovernment

D.companiesintendtomakeuseofpeople’strustintheindustry

问题4选项

A.violentstormwithwhirlingwindsinthefunnel-shapedcloud

B.aseriesofhugeanddestructivewaves,usuallycausedbylargeearthquakesbeneaththeocean

C.mountainfromwhichlava,cinders,steam,gasesescapethroughopeningsintheearth’scrust

D.stormwithaviolentwind,esp.acycloneintheWestAtlantic

问题5选项

A.insurancecompaniesshouldbewiseenoughintheirestimatesoflosses

B.thegovernmentshouldbearsomeofthefinancialrisksofdisasterinsurance

C.thegeneralpublicshouldbemadefullyawareofthepossibledamages

D.technologyshouldbeimprovedandthreephasesofpredictionbeconsidered

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词theincreasingcost可以定位到原文首段“Thisincreasingcosthasresultedingreaterfundingfromgovernmentandindustryforthedevelopmentoftechnologiesrelatedtodisasterprediction,andhasledtomoreresearchintotheeffectiveuseofpredictiveinformation.”，中文翻译为：这种不断增加的损失已让政府和企业为开发与灾难预测相关的技术提供了更多的资金，且已带来对预测信息有效利用的更多研究。因此D选项“更多资金去支持预测研究”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Forinstance,priortoHurricaneAndrewin1992,manyinsuranceexpertsthoughtthattheworsthurricanepossiblewoulddonomorethan$8billionindamagestotheindustry.ThedamagescausedbyHurricaneAndrew,estimatedatabout$17billion,shatteredthesebeliefs.”，中文翻译为：例如，在1992年安德鲁飓风发生前，很多保险公司专家认为工业可能的最严重损失将至多80亿美元。而安德鲁飓风所造成的被估计大约为170亿美元的损失却打破了这些看法。可推断出C项“90亿美元”正确。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第三段“Theexpectationisthattheresultinginformationwillplacetheindustryonamoresolidfoundationtomakedecisionsabouttheriskoffuturedisasters.”，中文翻译为：这种期望是，产生的消息将让该行业（即保险业）有更可靠的基础去决策未来灾害的风险。可知答案为B项“公司可能因此对未来风险有更好的了解”。

4.【试题解析】词汇题。根据题干关键词tsunamis可以定位到文章第四段第三句话“Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthat…”，中文翻译为：飓风、龙卷风、洪水、地震、海啸和火山都表明了……可以判断出该单词为“海啸”，因此B项“一系列巨大且破坏性的波浪，通常是海底大地震导致的”正确。

5.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到原文第四段第三句话“Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthattheeffectiveuseofdisasterpredictionsnotonlyrequiresadvancedtechnologybutalsorequiresthatsocietyconsidertheentireprocessofprediction―forecasts,communication,anduseofinformation.”，中文翻译为：飓风、龙卷风、洪水、地震、海啸和火山都表明，有效利用灾害预测不仅需要先进的技术，而且需要社会考虑预测的整个过程——预测、通信和信息的使用。可知答案为D“应该改进技术，考虑预测的三个阶段”。

8.单选题

Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersasasurgicaltoolinoperationsonpeoplewhoare（）toheartattack.

问题1选项

A.prone

B.disposed

C.infectious

D.accessible

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。beproneto“易于…，有…的倾向”；bedisposedto“愿意…，使易感染”；beaccessibleto“容易接近的，容易进入的”。句意：医生对于运用激光给心脏病人做手术很感兴趣。A项符合题意。

9.单选题

Itiswrongto（）anyoneofthecandidatesatthemoment，foroneofthemmightturnouttobeadarkhorseinthegeneralelection.

问题1选项

A.deny

B.outshine

C.belittle

D.grudge

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。deny“否认”；outshine“相形见绌”；belittle“轻视，贬低”；grudge“怀恨，吝惜”。句意：现在轻视任何一个候选人都是不正确的，因为他们中的任何一个都有可能在选举中成为一匹黑马。选项C符合题意。

10.单选题

Andemployers,whoassumedthatwomen’s“real”aspirationwereformarriageandfamilylife,declinedtopaywomenwagescommensuratewiththoseofmen.

问题1选项

A.comparable

B.inappropriate

C.identifiable

D.proportionate

【答案】D

【解析】句中说到，雇主们认为女性“真正”渴望的是婚姻和家庭生活，因此拒绝向女性支付与男性……的工资。这里存在与男性薪酬相比较的问题。A选项comparable“类似的；相当的”，由于本句描述的是群体间薪酬，因此不符合句意；B选项inappropriate“不适当的；不相称的”，与句意相反；C选项identifiable“可辨认的”不符合句意；D选项proportionate“成比例的；相称的”，符合题意。

11.单选题

Itis______whodecideswhethertheaccusedisinnocentorguilty.

问题1选项

A.thejuryandonlyjury

B.thejuryandonlythejury

C.onlythejuryandjury

D.thejuryandtheonlyjury

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。原句是一个强调句，意思是“陪审团，也只有陪审团才能决定被起诉的人是否有罪。”此处，“陪审团”应该是特指的，在结构上应为thejury。形容词only修饰一个特指的名词，可以放在定冠词之前，此处，构成onlythejury，意为“只有陪审团”；也可以放在定冠词之后，此处，构成theonlyjury，意为“那唯一的陪审团”。从结构上讲，只有B选项和D选项符合上述要求；从意义上讲，B选项（陪审团，只有陪审团）才符合句义，因为在法律上，只要组织了陪审团，就有资格参与审判，而不论“这个”还是“那个”。因此B选项正确。

12.单选题

Criticsbelievethatthecontroloftelevisionbymassadvertisinghas（

）thequalityoftheprogram.

问题1选项

A.lessened

B.declined

C.affected

D.effected

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。lessen“使……变小”；decline“下降，衰落”；affect“影响，感染”；effect“发生，引起”。句意：评论家们认为，铺天盖地的电视广告已经影响了节目的质量。根据句意可知C项正确，答案C

13.单选题

Hewascockyandbrashandself-mocking.

问题1选项

A.insuperable

B.gawky

C.preachy

D.conceited

【答案】D

【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项insuperable“不能克服的，无敌的”；B选项gawky“笨拙的，鲁钝的”；C选项preachy“爱讲道的，爱唠叨的”；D选项conceited“自负的，狂想的，逞能的”。句意：他傲慢自大，自以为是。Brash“无礼的，傲慢的，仓促的，性急的”，D选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。

14.单选题

Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistisreflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedto.journalistandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe"howto"aspectsorjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontext,andimplications.Muchofthe"howto"materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknow,injournalismasinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.

Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhand,manygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresent,thetheoreticalandempiricalaspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodern.Westernsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinapositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosisandtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.

1.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat（）

2.Muchresearchhasbeendoneoninterviewsingeneral（）

3.Westernersarefamiliarwiththejournalisticinterview（）

4.Whoistheintervieweeinaclinicinterview?

5.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof（）

问题1选项

A.generalizedprinciplesforjournalisticinterviewsarethechiefconcernforwritersonjournalism

B.conceptsandcontextualimplicationsareofsecondaryimportanceto.journalisticinterviewing

C.importanceshouldbeattachedtothesystematicstudyofjournalisticinterviewing

D.personalexperiencesandgeneralimpressionsshouldbeexcludedfromjournalisticinterviews

问题2选项

A.butjournalisticinterviewingasaspecificfieldhasunfortunatelybeenneglected

B.thoughthestudyoftheinterviewingtechniqueshasn'treceivedmuchattention

C.sothetrainingofjournalisticinterviewershaslikewisebeenstrengthened

D.andtherehasalsobeenadramaticgrowthinthestudyofjournalisticinterviewing

问题3选项

A.butmostofthemwishtostayawayfromit

B.andmanyofthemhopetobeinterviewedsomeday

C.butmostofthemmaynothavebeeninterviewedinperson

D.andmanyofthemwouldliketoacquireatrueunderstandingofit

问题4选项

A.Thepsychologist.

B.Thephysician.

C.Thejournalist.

D.Thepatient.

问题5选项

A.anewsarticle

B.apreface

C.aresearchreport

D.ajournalisticinterview

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:根据第一段的最后两句“Asweknow,injournalismasinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.”正如我们所知，在新闻领域和在其他领域一样，可以从对专业实践的系统研究中学到很多东西。这样的研究汇集了证据，从中可以发展出广泛而普遍的原则。所以第一段主要是说要重视对新闻采访的系统研究。选项C符合原文。

第2题:根据第二段“Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.”不幸的是，大量关于采访的一般文献很少关注新闻采访。选项A符合原文。

第3题:根据第二段“However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelev