考研考博-英语-吉林农业大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林农业大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Alanisagoodfootballplayerandneverbreaks______.

问题1选项

A.legal

B.regulations

C.limitation

D.agreement

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项legal“法律的；合法的”；B选项regulations“规则，法规”；C选项limitation“起限制作用的规则（limitationsonimports进口限制）”；D选项agreement“协定，协议”。句意：艾伦是一个优秀的足球运动员，从不违反______。根据语境，这里指的是艾伦从不违反足球比赛的规则，B选项regulations“规则”符合题意。C选项limitation强调的是限制，不符合语境。因此B选项正确。

2.翻译题

改革开放以来，中国找到了一条适合自己国情的促进和发展人权的道路。中国是一个历史悠久、人口众多、资源和财富相对短缺的东方发展中国家。在这样一个国家促进人权，既不能照搬西方发达国家的人权发展模式，也不能因袭其他发展中国家的做法，只能从中国的国情出发，探索具有自身特点的发展道路。改革开放以后，中国在总结历史经验和教训的基础上，找到了一条真正符合中国国情的促进人权发展的道路。这就是：将生存权和发展权放在首位，在改革、发展、稳定的条件下，全面推进人权。这条道路的特点是：在发展人权的基本方向上，坚持发展生产力和共同富裕的原则，立足于改善全国人民的生活和促进全国人民人权的发展。在促进人权的轻重缓急上，强调生存权、发展权的首要地位，同时兼顾公民的政治、经济、社会、文化权利和个人、集体权利的全面发展；在促进和保障人权的方式上，强调稳定是前提，发展是关键，改革是动力，法制是保障。20多年来，由于中国坚持了这条正确的发展道路，不仅使全国人民的生活状况和精神风貌大为改观，而且形成了一整套比较完备的保障人民民主权利的政治制度和法律体系，从而使人权建设在制度化、法律化的轨道上取得了长足的进展，人权状况呈现出不断改善的良好态势。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Sincetheimplementationofreformandopening-uppolicy,Chinahasfoundaroadforthepromotionanddevelopmentofhumanrightsthatsuitsitsreality.ChinaisanOrientaldevelopingcountrywithalonghistory,alargepopulationandrelativelyscarceresourcesandwealth.Topromotehumanrightsinsuchacountry,ChinamustneitherimitateindiscriminatelyWesterncountries’developmentmodeofhumanrightsnorfollowotherdevelopingcountries’methodsbutstartfromChina’sactualconditionsandexplorearoadwithitsowncharacteristics.Sincetheimplementationofreformandopening-uppolicy,Chinahas,onthebasisofsumminguphistoricalexperiencesanddrawinglessonsfromthem,foundawaytobuildsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,andthereforehasfoundawaytopromoteanddevelophumanrightsthatisagreeabletoChina’sreality.Thismeansputtingtherighttosubsistenceanddevelopmentinthefirstplaceandpushingforwardhumanrightsinanall¬roundwayundertheconditionsofreform,developmentandstability.Thefeaturesofthisroadaretoadheretotheprincipleofdevelopingproductiveforcesandpromotingcommonprosperity,basedonimprovingthelifeofpeoplealloverChinaandpromotingthedevelopmentofhumanrightsofalltheChinesepeopleintermsofthebasicorientationofdevelopinghumanrights.Asfortheorderofimportanceandurgencyofdevelopinghumanrights,therighttosubsistenceanddevelopmentshouldbeputinthefirstplaceandinthemeantime,considerationshouldbegiventodevelopinginanall-roundwaycitizens’political,economic,socialandculturalrightsaswellasindividualandcollectiverights.Asforthewayofpromotingandguaranteeinghumanrights,itshouldbeemphasizedthatstabilityistheprerequisite;developmentisthecrux;reformisthedrivingforce;andgovernmentaccordingtolawistheguarantee.Overthepasttwodecades,China’sadherencetothiscorrectroadtodevelopmenthasledtonotonlytheimprovementofChinesepeople’slivingconditionsandtheirmoralebutalsotheformationofawholesetofrelativelycompletepoliticalandlegalsystemsensuringpeople’sdemocraticrights.Thus,greatprogresshasbeenmadeinputtinghumanrightsintoalegalandinstitutionalframework,andChina’shumanrightsdevelopmenthasbeenimprovingincessantly.

3.单选题

（）whathasbeensaid，itisunlikethatpopulationgrowthwillbehalted，eitherinthedevelopedorintheundevelopedworld.

问题1选项

A.Inviewof

B.Onbehalfof

C.Forthesakeof

D.Withtheexceptionof

【答案】A

【解析】介词词组解析。inviewof“鉴于，考虑到”；onbehalfof“代表，为了”；forthesakeof“由

于，因为”；withtheexceptionof“除了……以外”。句意：考虑到他所说的，无论是在发达国家还是在发展中国家，人口增长似乎不会停止。选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

TheFBIkeptthehouseunderconstant______inthehopeofcapturingallthecriminalsatonetime.

问题1选项

A.cessation

B.surveillance

C.guidance

D.supervision

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项cessation表示“停止，中止”，B项surveillance表示“监督，（对犯罪嫌疑人或可能发生犯罪的地方的）监视”，C项guidance表示“指导，引导”，D项supervision表示“监督，管理”，指活动或行动过程中的监督，尤指批判性地指导。根据关键词FBI（联邦调查局）和criminals（罪犯）可知，“监视”符合语境。句意：联邦调查局不断监视这所房子，希望能一次性抓获所有罪犯。因此，该题选择B项正确。

5.翻译题

AnothermilestoneonthejourneytowardsdigitalcashwaspassedonNovember13th.Thatdatemarkedtheemergencefrombeta-testinginAmericaofV.me,a“digitalwallet”thatholdsmultiplepaymentcards,inavirtualrepository(容器).1.Insteadofprovidingtheirpersonaldetailandcardnumberstopayforstuffonline,customersjustenterausernameandapassword.TheserviceisprovidedbyVisa,agiantcard-paymentnetworkwhoseheadquartersisintheheartofSiliconValley,closetoahostoftechnologyfirmswhichwouldlovetogettheirhandsonachunkoftheglobalpaymentsbusiness.

TheshorttermnewtechnologyisactuallyboostingusageofplasticSmartphoneappsoftenrequireuserstoentertheircarddetailstopayforservices.FirmssuchasSquareandPayPalhavedevelopedtinycardreadersthatplugintosmartphonesandallowsmalltradersusingtheirfewertoacceptpaymentscheaply.EdMcLaughlin,whooverseesemergingpaymentstechnologiesatMasterCard,reckonssuchdevelopmentshaveadded1.2mnewbusinessesoverthepast12monthstothecardfirmslistofmerchants.

2.Butevenifplasticcardseventuallygothewayofvinylrecords(黑胶唱片),cardnetworksshouldstillprosperbecausetheytooareinvestingheavilyinnewtechnologyandhaveseveralbuilt-inadvantages.VisaisbettinghasmemberbanscanhelpittonarrowthegapwithrivalslikePayPal,forinstance,whichispartofe-Bayandhasgrownto11mactiveusers,thanksinparttoitsuseontheauctionsite.Over50financialinstitutionsaresupportingthelaunchofV.me,whichacceptsnon-visacardsinitswallet,tooMasterCardandothersarealsotoutingdigitalwallets,someofwhichcanholddigitalcouponsandticketsaswellascarddetails.

Beforelongallofthesewalletsarelikelytoenduponmobilephones,whichcanbeusedtobuythingsinstoresandotherplaces.ThisiswherefirmssuchasSquare,whichhasdevelopeditsownelegantandeasy-to-usemobilewalletandGooglehavebeenfocusingplentyofenergy.JenniferSchulz,Visa’sglobalheadofe-commerce,predictstherewillbeashake-outthatleavesonlyafewwalletprovidersstanding.Thankstotheirtrustedbrands,bigbudgetsandpaymentssavvy(机智，悟性),oneormorecardcompanieswillbeamongthem.

Cardnetworksarealsotakingstakesininnovativefirmstokeepaneyeonpotentiallydisruptivetechnologies.Visaownspartofsquare,whichrecentlystruckadealwithStarbuckstomakeitsmobile-paymentserviceavailablein7,000ofthecoffeechainoutletsinAmerica,VisahasalsoinvestedinMonitise,amobile-bankingspecialist.AmericanExpress,foritspart,hassetupa$100mdigital-commercefund,oneofwhoseinvestmentsisiniZettle,aSquare-likefirmbasedinSweden.

Sofarfewhavetriedtocreatenewpaymentssystemsfromscratch.Thosethathavetoyedwiththeidea,suchasISIS,aconsortiumoftelecomscompaniesinAmerica,haveconcludeditisfartoocostlyandpainfultodealwithregulators,setupanti-fraudsystemsandsoforth.Fearsaboutthesecurityofnew-fangledpaymentsystemsalsoplayintothehandsofestablishedcardfirms.

Still,theycannotrelax.BryanKeane,ananalystatDeutscheRank,pointsoutrivaldigitalwalletscouldpromotealternativestocreditanddebitcards,includingstorevaluecardsanddirectbank-account-to-bank-accountpayments3.BigretailersinAmericahaveclubbedtogethertocreatetheirowndigitalwalletandarelikelytopromptuserstochoosethepaymentoptionsthatarecheapestforthechainsbyofferingthemincentiveslikecoupons.

JackDorsey,thebossofSquareandaco-founderofTwitter,agreesthatdigitalwalletswillmakethetrade-offsbetweenvariouspaymentoptionsclearertoconsumerandreckonsthiswillforcecardnetworkstouptheirgame.“Theyhadamajorinnovation60yearsago”,hesays,“andtherehavebeenvery,veryfewinnovationssince”4.Someinthepaymentsworldmightquibble(狡辩)withthatbutonethingtheycanallagreeonisthatspreadofmobilepaymentswillbringmaymorecustomers.MasterCard'sMr.McLaughlinclaimsthat85%ofcommercestillinvolvescashandcheck.Asmobilepurchasestakeoff,moreofthisactivitywillmoveonline.

5.Thebiggestprizeofallliesinemergingmarkets,wherealackoffinancialinfrastructureishasteningtheriseofphone-basedpaymentssystemsuchasM-PesawhichservesKenyaandseveralothermarket.VisahassnappedupFandom,whichspecializesinpaymentservetotheunbankedandunder-bankedinemergingmarkets;MasterCardhassetupajointventurecalledWandawithTelefonica,aSpanishtelecomfirm,whichaimtomobilepaymentsacrossLatinAmerica.Thepaymentsworldischangingfastbutthecardfirmsarenotabouttoletrivalsswipetheirbusiness.

【答案】1.顾客只需要输入用户名和密码，而不是提供他们个人信息和卡号来进行在线支付。

2.但是尽管信用卡最终会重蹈黑胶唱片的覆辙，信用卡网络会依然繁荣，因为他们也正大力投资新技术，并且存在一些内在优势。

3.美国大型零售商联合起来创建了他们自己的数字钱包，并且可能通过提供优惠券等鼓励措施促使用户选择对他们联营企业来说最实惠的支付方式。

4.一些支付领域内的信用卡公司可能会对此有所狡辩，但是他们共同赞成的一件事情是移动支付的普及将带来更多的客户。

5.移动支付带来的最大好处在于新兴市场，在这个市场中，金融设施的缺乏促进了手机支付系统的发展，如服务于肯尼亚和其他几个市场的M-Pesa移动钱包服务。

6.单选题

Ifsheisstupid,she’s（）pleasanttolookat.

问题1选项

A.atanyrate

B.bychance

C.ataloss

D.bytheway

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。atanyrate“无论如何，至少”；bychance“偶然，意外地”；ataloss“困惑不解”；bytheway“顺便说说，顺便问一下”。句意：即使她很愚笨，至少她很好看。选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

ThismonthSingaporepassedabillthatwouldgivelegalteethtothemoralobligationtosupportone'sparents.CalledtheMaintenanceofParentsBill,itreceivedthebackingoftheSingaporeGovernment.

Thatdoesnotmeanithasn’tgenerateddiscussion.SeveralmembersoftheParliamentopposedthemeasureasun-Asian.Otherswhoacknowledgedtheproblemoftheelderlypoorbelieveditadisproportionateresponse.Stillothersbelieveitwillsubvertrelationswithinthefamily:cynicsdubbeditthe"SueYourSon”law.

Thosewhosaythatthebilldoesnotpromotefilialresponsibility,ofcourse,areright.Ithasnothingtodowithfilialresponsibility,itkicksinwherefilialresponsibilityfails.Thelawcannotlegislatefilialresponsibilityanymorethanitcanlegislatelove.Allthelawcandoistoprovideasafetynetwherethismoralityprovesinsufficient.Singaporeneedsthisbillnottoreplacemorality,buttoprovideincentivestoshoreitup.

Likemanyotherdevelopednations,Singaporefacestheproblemsofanincreasingproportionofpeopleover60yearsofage.Demographyisinexorable.In1980,7.2%ofthepopulationwasinthisbracket.Bytheturnofthecentury,thatfigurewillgrowto11%.By2030,theproportionisprojectedtobe2%.Theproblemisnotoldage.Itisthattheratioofeconomicallyactivepeopletoeconomicallyinactivepeoplewilldecline.

Butnoamountofgovernmentexhortationorpaternalismwillcompletelyeliminatetheproblemofoldpeoplewhohaveinsufficientmeanstomakeendsmeet.Somepeoplewillfallthroughtheholesinanysafetynet.

Traditionally,aperson'sinsuranceagainstpovertyinhisoldagewashisfamily.Thisisnotrevolutionaryconcept.NorisituniquelyAsianCareandsupportforone'sparentsisauniversalvaluesharedbyallcivilizedsocieties.

TheprobleminSingaporeisthatthemoralobligationtolookafterone'sparentsisunenforceable.Afathercanbecompelledbylawtomaintainhischildren,ahusbandcanbeforcedtosupporthiswife.But,untilnow,asonordaughterhadnolegalobligationtosupporthisorherparent.

In1989,anAdvisoryCouncilwassetuptolookintotheproblemsoftheageD.Itsreportstatedwithatingeofcomplacencythat95%ofthosewhodidnothavetheirownincomewerereceivingcashcontributionsfromrelations.Butwhataboutthe5%whoaren’tgettingrelativessupport?Theyhaveseveraloptions:(a)getajobandworkuntiltheydie;(b)applyforpublicassistance(youhavetobedestitutetoapply);or(c)starvequietly.Noneoftheseoptionsissociallyacceptableandwhatifthis5%figuregrows,asitislikelytodo,associetyages?

TheMaintenanceofParentsBillwasputforthtoencouragethetraditionalvirtuesthathavesofarkeptAsiannationsfromsomeofthebreakdownsencounteredinotheraffluentsocieties.Thislegislationwillallowapersontoapplytothecourtformaintenancefromanyorallofhischildren.Thecourtwouldhavethediscretiontorefusetomakeanorderifitisunjust.

Thosewhoderidetheproposalforopeningupthecourtstofamilylawsuitsmissthepoint.Onlyinextremecaseswouldanyparenttakehischildtocourt.Ifitdoesindeedbecomelaw,thebill'seffectwouldbefarmoresubtle.

First,itwillreaffirmthenotionthatitiseachindividuals-notsociety's—responsibilitylookafterhisparents.SingaporeisstillconservativeenoughthatmostpeoplewillnotobjecttothisideA.Itreinforcesthetraditionalvaluesanditdoesn’thurtasocietynowandthentoreminditselfofitscorevalues.

Second,andmoreimportantitwillmakethosewhoareinclinedtoshirktheirresponsibilitiesthinktwice.Untilnow,ifapersonaskedfamilyelders,clergymenortheministryofcommunityDevelopmenttohelpgetfinancialsupportfromhischildren,themosttheycoulddowastomediate.Butmediatorshavenoteeth,andachildcouldsimplyignoretheirpleas.

Buttobesuedbyone'sparentswouldbeamassivelossofface.ItwouldbeapublicdisgraceFewpeoplewouldbesothick-skinnedastosay:SueandbedamneD.ThehandoftheconciliatorwouldbeimmeasurablystrengtheneD.Itisfarmorelikelythatsomesortofamicablesettlementwouldbereachediftherecalcitrantsonordaughterknowsthatthealternativeisapublictrial.

ItwouldbenicetothinkthatSingaporedoesn'tneedthiskindoflaw.Butthatbeliefignoresthecleardemographictrendsandtheeffectofaffluenceitselfontraditionalbonds.Thoseofuswhopushedforthebillwillconsiderourselvesmostsuccessfulifitactsasanincentivenottohaveitinvokedinthefirstplace.

1.ThemaintenanceofParentsBill（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

3.Theauthorseemstosuggestthattraditionalvalues（）.

4.Theauthorthinksthatifthebillbecomeslawitseffectwouldbe（）.

5.Attheendofthepassage,theauthorseemstoimplythatsuccessoftheBilldependsupon（）.

问题1选项

A.receivedallpeople'ssupportintheSingaporeParliament

B.wasbelievedtosolvealltheproblemsoftheelderlypoor

C.wasintendedtosubstitutefortraditionalvaluesinSingapore

D.waspassedtomaketheyoungmoreresponsibletotheold

问题2选项

A.FilialresponsibilityinSingaporeisenforcedbylaw

B.Fathershavelegalobligationstomaintaintheirchildren

C.Itisanacceptablepracticefortheoldtocontinueworking

D.TheAdvisoryCouncilwassetupin1990

问题3选项

A.playaninsignificantroleinsolvingsocialproblem

B.arehelpfultotheelderlywhentheysuetheirchildren

C.areveryimportantinpreservingAsianuniqueness

D.aresignificantinhelpingtheBillgetapproved

问题4选项

A.indirect

B.unnoticed

C.apparent

D.unclear

问题5选项

A.strictenforcement

B.publicsupport

C.governmentassurance

D.filialawareness

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。通过题干关键词定位到原文第一句“ThismonthSingaporepassedabillthatwouldgivelegalteethtothemoralobligationtosupportone’sparents.”，中文翻译：“本月，新加坡通过了一项法案，赋予赡养父母的道义义务以法律效力。”因此，综合考虑，选项D为正确答案。

2.细节事实题。通过题干关键词定位到原文“Afathercanbecompelledbylawtomaintainhischildren.”，中文翻译：“法律可以强迫一个父亲抚养他的孩子。”因此最佳答案为B选项。

3.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文“TheMaintenanceofParentsBillwasputforthtoencouragethetraditionalvirtuesthathavesofarkeptAsiannationsfromsomeofthebreakdownsencounteredinotheraffluentsocieties.”，中文翻译：“赡养父母法案是为了鼓励传统美德，这些美德至今使亚洲国家远离其他富裕社会遭遇到的衰败。”由此可以推断出答案选择C。

4.推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文“Ifitdoesindeedbecomelaw,thebill’seffectwouldbefarmoresubtle.”中文翻译为：如果它真的成为法律，法案的效果将会更加微妙。”以及后文作者写道赡养父母是个人的责任，并非社会的责任，但是有些人碍于情面，不得不重新考虑赡养父母的问题，可知，A项符合题目描述。

5.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到原文最后一句“Thoseofuswhopushedforthebillwillconsiderourselvesmostsuccessfulifitactsasanincentivenottohaveitinvokedinthefirstplace.”，中文翻译为：“我们这些推动该法案的人将认为，如果它能作为一种激励，使其在一开始就不被动用，那么自己是最成功的。”因此综合可知，D选项是其主要原因。

8.单选题

Archaeologyasaprofessionfacestwomajorproblems.First,itisthepoorestofthepoor.Onlypaltrysumsareavailableforexcavatingandevenlessisavailableforpublishingtheresultsandpreservingthesitesonceexcavated.Yetarchaeologistsdealwithpricelessobjectseveryday.Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavation,resultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder.

Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.Iwouldproposethatscientificarcheologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.Atthesametime,theywouldbreaktheillegalexcavatorsgriponthemarket,therebydecreasingtheinducementtoengageinillegalactivities.Youmightobjectthatprofessionalsexcavatetoacquireknowledge,notmoney.Moreover,ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforalltoappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder.Iagree.Sellnothingthathasuniqueartisticmeritorscientificvalue.But,youmightreplyeverythingthatcomesoutofthegroundhasscientificvalue.Herewepartcompany.Theoretically,youmaybecorrectinclaimingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong.

Irefertothethousandsofpotteryvesselsandancientlampsthatareessentiallyduplicatesofoneanother.InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard.Evenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasmelekhhandleshavebeenfoundinabundance—morethan4,000examplessofar.

Thebasementofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.

Indeed,withthehelpofacomputer,soldartifactscouldbemoreaccessiblethanarethepiecesstoredinbulgingmuseumbasements.Priortosale,eachcouldbephotographedandthelistofthepurchaserscouldbemaintainedonthecomputer.Apurchasercouldevenberequiredtoagreetoreturnthepieceifitshouldbecomeneededforscientificpurposes.

Itwouldbeunrealistictosuggestthatillegaldicingwouldstopifartifactsweresoldontheopenmarket.Butthedemandfortheclandestineproductwouldbesubstantiallyreduced.Whowouldwantanunmarkedpotwhenanotherwasavailablewhoseprovenancewasknown,andthatwasdatedstratigraphicallybytheprofessionalarchaeologistwhoexcavatedit?

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistopropose（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadisadvantageofstoringartifactsinmuseumbasements?

3.Theauthor’sargumentconcerningtheeffectoftheofficialsaleofduplicateartifactsonillegalexcavationisbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

4.Theauthoranticipateswhichofthefollowinginitialobjectionstotheadoptionofhisproposal?

5.Theauthorimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingwouldoccurifduplicateartifactsweresoldontheopenmarket?

I.Illegalexcavationwouldeventuallyceasecompletely.

II.Cypruswouldbecometheprimarysourceofmarketableduplicateartifacts.

III.Archaeologistswouldbeabletopublishtheresultsoftheirexcavationsmorefrequentlythantheycurrentlydo.

问题1选项

A.analternativetomuseumdisplayofartifacts

B.awaytocurbillegaldicingwhilebenefitingthearchaeologicalprofession

C.awaytodistinguishartifactswithscientificvaluefromthosethathavenosuchvalue

D.thegovernmentalregulationofarchaeologicalsites

问题2选项

A.Museumofficialsrarelyallowscholarsaccesstosuchartifacts.

B.Spacethatcouldbebetterusedfordisplayistakenupforstorage.

C.Artifactsdiscoveredinoneexcavationoftenbecomeseparatedfromeachother.

D.Suchartifacts’oftenremainuncataloguedandthuscannotbelocatedoncetheyareputinstorage.

问题3选项

A.Prospectivepurchaserswouldprefertobuyauthenticatedartifacts.

B.Thepriceofillegallyexcavatedartifactswouldrise.

C.Computerscouldbeusedtotracesoldartifacts.

D.Moneygainedfromsellingauthenticatedartifactscouldbeusedtoinvestigateandprosecuteillegalexcavators.

问题4选项

A.Museumofficialswillbecomeunwillingtostoreartifacts.

B.Anoversupplyofsalableartifactswillresultandthedemandforthemwillfall.

C.Artifactsthatwouldhavebeendisplayedinpublicplaceswillbesoldtoprivatecollectors.

D.Illegalexcavatorswillhaveanevenlargersupplyofartifactsforresale.

问题5选项

A.Ionly

B.IIIonly

C.IandIIIonly

D.IIandIIIonly

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干定位到文章第二段“Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.（我想提出一个令人发指的建议，政府应为考古学提供资金，并减少非法挖掘的数量。）”。A选项“博物馆文物陈列的替代品”；B选项“在有益于考古行业的同时遏制非法挖掘的方法”；C选项“区分有科学价值和没有科学价值的文物的方法”；D选项“政府对考古遗址的管制”。联系全文可知B选项更符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由题干可定位到文章第四段“Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.（甚至没有足够的钱来整理这些发现；结果，它们再也找不到了，变得像从未被发现过一样难以接近。）”。A选项“博物馆官员很少允许学者接触这些文物”；

B选项“占用了可以更好地用于展示的空间用于存储”；C选项“在发掘中发现的文物往往彼此分离”；D选项“这类工件通常保持未编目状态，因此一旦放入存储中就无法定位”。因此D选项正确。

3.细节事实题。由题干可定位到文章第二段“Iwouldproposethatscientificarcheologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.（我建议，科学的考古考察和政府当局在公开市场上出售发掘出来的文物。这种销售将为挖掘和保存考古遗址以及公布结果提供大量资金。）”。A选项“潜在购买者更愿意购买经过认证的文物”；B选项“非法挖掘文物的价格会上涨”；C选项“计算机可以用来追踪出售的文物”；D选项“出售经过鉴定的文物所得的钱可以用来调查和起诉非法挖掘者”。因此D选项正确。

4.细节事实题。由题干可定位到文章最后一段“Butthedemandfortheclandestineproductwouldbesubstantiallyreduced.（但对这种秘密产品的需求将大大减少。）”由此可知复制的工件会供过于求，于是这些工件会大量涌现，最终会导致对这些畅销品的需求下降。因此B选项正确。

5.判断推理题。由题干可定位到文章第三段“InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard…（在塞浦路斯的一次小型发掘中，考古学家最近在一个院子里发现了2000个几乎无法辨认的小陶罐。）”，由此可推断出塞浦路斯可能会成为复制品的主要市场来源。A选项“非法挖掘最终将完全停止”说法太过绝对化，文章并未提到完全终止。B选项“考古学家将能够比现在更频繁地公布他们的发掘成果”，如果复制工件合法化，考古学家会更愿意公开他们的挖掘成果。因此D选项正确。

9.单选题

Thepoorgirlspentoverhalfayearinthehospitalbutsheisnow_______forit.

问题1选项

A.neverworse

B.nonethebetter

C.nonetheworse

D.neverbetter

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项“从来没有更糟的”；B选项“没有更好”；C选项“没有更差”；D选项“从来没有这么好”。句意：这个可怜的女孩在医院里住了半年多，但现在_______。根据语境，这里指女孩在医院待了很久，病情没有好转，所以B选项“没有更好”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills.Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Humanresourcemanagement(HRM)isnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehiredorrentedatthelowestpossiblecost,whichisamuchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.

Thelackofimportanceattachedtohumanresourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhumanresourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofcorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhumanresourcemanagementiscentral-usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm'shierarchy.

WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerial