考研考博-英语-保定理工学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-保定理工学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.翻译题

Thereisnohappinessexceptaswetakeonlife-engagingdifficulties.Shortoftheimpossible,asYeatsputit,thesatisfactionswegetfromalifetimedependonhowhighwechooseourdifficulties.RobertFrostwasthinkinginsomethinglikethesametermswhenhespokeof“Thepleasureoftakingpains.’’Themortalflawintheadvertisedversionofhappinessisinthefactthatitpurportstobeeffortless.

Happinessisnevermorethanpartial.Therearenopurestatesofmankind.Whateverelsehappinessmaybe,itisneitherinhavingnotinbeing,butinbecoming.WhattheFoundingFathersdeclaredforusasaninherentright,weshoulddowelltoremember,wasnothappinessbutthepursuitofhappiness.Whattheymighthaveunderlined,couldtheyhaveforeseenthehappiness-market,isthecardinalfactthathappinessisinthepursuititself,inthemeaningfulpursuitofwhatislife-engagingandlife-revealing,whichistosay,intheideaofbecoming.

【答案】只有我们承担生活中的种种困难，生活才会相应的充满快乐。正如叶芝所言，除了那些不可能的事，我们从生活中得到的满足感取决于我们对待困境的态度。罗伯特•弗罗斯特在谈到“吃苦的乐趣”时也拥有同样的看法。广告中有一种错误的宣传，致命的是它们宣称快乐是很容易获得的。

幸福从来都不是片面的。人们没有纯粹的状态。无论快乐是什么，不在于我们是否拥有它，是否存在，而在于是否可以成为一种快乐。开国先驱曾将宣称这是我们与生俱来的权利，然而我们应该牢记，我们的权利不是幸福，而是对幸福的一种追求。去追求人生究竟是什么，并且会给我们带来什么样的启迪，也就是追求快乐的过程。

2.单选题

Themostinterestingarchitecturalphenomenonofthe1970swastheenthusiasmforrefurbishingoldbuildings.Obviously,thiswasnotanentirelynewphenomenon.Whatisnewisthewholesaleinterestinreusingthepast,inrecyclinginadaptiverehabilitation.Afewtrialefforts,suchasGhirardellisquareinSanFrancisco,provedtheirfinancialviabilityin1960s,butitwasinthe1970s,withstronggovernmentsupportthroughtaxincentivesandrapiddepreciation.Aswellasgrowinginterestinecologyissues,thatrecyclingbecameamajorfactorontheurbanscene.

OneofthemostcomprehensiveventureswastherestorationandtransformationofBoston’seighteenthcenturyFaneuilHallandtheQuincyMarket,designedin1824.Thissectionhadfallenonhardtimes,butbeginningwiththeconstructionofanewcityhallimmediatelyadjacent,ithasreturnedtolifewiththeintelligentreuseofthesefineoldbuildingsunderthedesignleadershipofBenjaminThomson.Hehasprovidedamarveloussettingfordining,shopping,professionaloffices,andsimplywalking.

ButlerSquare,inMinneapolis,exemplifiesmajorchangesinitscomplexofoffices,commercialspace,andpublicamenitiescarvedoutofamassivepiledesignedin1906asahardwarewarehouse.Theexcitinginteriortimberstructureofthebuildingwashighlightedbycuttinglightcourtsthroughtheinteriorandaddinglargeskylights.

SanAntonio,Texas,offersanobjectlessonfornumerousothercitiescombatingurbandecay.Ratherthanbringinginthebulldozers,SanAntonio’sleadersrehabilitatedexistingstructures,whilesimultaneouslycleaninguptheSanAntonioRiver,whichmendersthroughthebusinessdistrict.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

2.WhatisthespaceatQuincyMarketnowusedfor?

3.Accordingtothepassage,BenjaminThomsonwasthedesignerforaprojectin______.

4.WhenwastheButlerSquarebuildingoriginallybuilt?

5.Whatistheauthor’sopinionoftheSanAntonioproject?

问题1选项

A.Duringthe1970s,oldbuildingsinmanycitieswererecycledformodernuse.

B.Recentinterestinecologyissueshasledtothecleaningupofmanyrivers.

C.TheSanAntonioexampleshowsthatbulldozersarenotthewaytofighturbandecay.

D.StronggovernmentsupporthasmadeadaptiverehabilitationarealityinBoston.

问题2选项

A.Boston’snewcityhall.

B.Sportsandrecreationalfacilities.

C.Commercialandindustrialwarehouses.

D.Restaurant,offices,andstores.

问题3选项

A.SanFrancisco

B.Boston

C.Minneapolis

D.SanAntonio

问题4选项

A.Intheeighteenthcentury.

B.Intheearlynineteenthcentury.

C.Inthelatenineteenthcentury.

D.Intheearlytwentiethcentury.

问题5选项

A.Itisclearlythebestoftheprojectsdiscussed.

B.Itisagoodprojectthatcouldbecopiedinothercities.

C.Theextensiveuseofbulldozersmadetheprojectunnecessarilycostly.

D.Theworkdoneontheriverwasmoreimportantthantheworkdoneonthebuildings.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开头提出了翻新旧建筑的现象，接着举了旧金山、波士顿、明尼阿波利斯市和圣安东尼奥市的例子，最后得出结论Ratherthanbringinginthebulldozers,SanAntonio’sleadersrehabilitatedexistingstructures（圣安东尼奥的领导人并没有动用推土机，而是修复了现有的建筑）。因此C选项“圣安东尼奥的例子表明，推土机不是解决城市废弃建筑的方法”正确。A选项“在20世纪70年代，许多城市的旧建筑被回收用于现代用途”只是文章中提到的一个现象，不能作为文章主题，所以A错误。B选项“最近对生态问题的关注导致了许多河流的清理”，这是修复工作的细节之一，不能概括文章主旨，所以B错误。D选项“政府的大力支持使适应性修复在波士顿成为现实”只是波士顿修复工作的细节之一，不能作为文章主题，所以D错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Hehasprovidedamarveloussettingfordining,shopping,professionaloffices,andsimplywalking.（他为就餐、购物、专业办公室和步行提供了一个极好的环境。），说明昆西市场现在被用作餐厅、办公室和商店。因此D选项“餐厅、办公室和商店”正确。A选项“波士顿的新市政厅”，B选项“体育和娱乐设施”，C选项“商业和工业仓库”均不符合文章内容，所以A,B,C错误。

3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句OneofthemostcomprehensiveventureswastherestorationandtransformationofBoston’seighteenthcenturyFaneuilHallandtheQuincyMarket,designedin1824…ithasreturnedtolifewiththeintelligentreuseofthesefineoldbuildingsunderthedesignleadershipofBenjaminThomson.（其中最全面的项目之一是1824年设计的波士顿18世纪法尼尔大厅和昆西市场的修复和改造……在本杰明•汤姆森的设计领导下，这些优秀的老建筑通过智能再利用而恢复了生机。），说明本杰明•汤姆森设计的项目位于波士顿。因此B选项“波士顿”正确。A选项“旧金山”，C选项“明尼阿波利斯”，D选项“圣安东尼奥”均不符合文章内容，所以A,C,D错误。

4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一句ButlerSquare,inMinneapolis,exemplifiesmajorchangesinitscomplexofoffices,commercialspace,andpublicamenitiescarvedoutofamassivepiledesignedin1906asahardwarewarehouse.（明尼阿波利斯市的巴特勒广场体现了其复杂的办公空间、商业空间和公共设施的重大变化，它是在1906年设计成一个硬件仓库的一大堆建筑中改造出来的。），说明巴特勒广场的建筑最初是在1906年设计的，1906年是在20世纪初期。因此D选项“二十世纪初”正确。A选项“十八世纪”，B选项“十九世纪初”，C选项“十九世纪末”均不符合文章内容，所以A,B,C错误。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句SanAntonio,Texas,offersanobjectlessonfornumerousothercitiescombatingurbandecay.（德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥市为许多其他城市与城市废弃建筑作斗争提供了实物教训。），说明圣安东尼奥市项目可以作为典范为其他城市所效仿。因此B选项“这是一个可以在其他城市复制的好项目”正确。A选项“它显然是所讨论的项目中最好的一个”，C选项“推土机的大量使用使得这项工程成本很高”，D选项“在河流上所做的工作比在建筑物上所做的工作更重要”在文中均没有提及，所以A,C,D错误。

3.单选题

Thereareover6,000differentcomputerandonlinegamesintheworldnow.Asegmentofthemareconsideredtobebotheducationalandharmlesslyentertaining.Onesuchgameteachesgeography,andanothertrainspilots.Otherstraintheplayerinlogicalthinkingandproblemsolving.Somegamesmayalsohelpyoungpeopletobecomemorecomputerliterate,whichismoreimportantinthistechnology-drivenera.

Butthedarksideofthecomputergameshasbecomemoreandmoreobvious.“Asegmentofgamesfeaturesanti-socialthemesofviolence,sexandcrudelanguage,”saysDavidWalsh,presidentoftheNationalInstituteonMediaandFamily.“Unfortunately,it’sasegmentthatseemsparticularlypopularwithkidsagedeighttofifteen.”

Onestudyshowedthatalmost80percentofthecomputerandonlinegamesyoungpeoplepreferredcontainedviolence.Theinvestigatorssaid,“Thesearenotjustgamesanymore.Thesearelearningmachines.We’reteachingkidsinthemostincrediblemannerwhatit’sliketopullthetrigger.Whattheyarenotlearningarethereal-lifeconsequences.’’

Theyalsosaid,"Thenewandmoresophisticatedgamesareevenworse,becausetheyhavebettergraphicsandallowtheplayertoparticipateinevenmorerealisticviolentacts.”InthegameCarmageddon,forexample,theplayerwillhavedrivenoverandkilledupto33,000peoplebythetimealllevelsarecompleted.Adescriptionoftheoutcomeofthegamesays:“Yourvictimsnotonlysquishunderyourtiresandsplatterbloodonthewindshield.Theyalsogetontheirkneesandbegformercy,orcommitsuicide.Ifyoulike,youcanalsodismemberthem.”

Isallthissimulatedviolenceharmful?Approximately3,000differentstudieshavebeenconductedonthissubject.Manyhavesuggestedthatthereisaconnectionbetweenviolenceingamesandincreasedaggressivenessintheplayers.

Somespecialistsdownplaytheinfluenceofthegames,sayingthatotherfactorsmustbetakenintoconsideration,suchasthepossibilitythatkidswhoalreadyhaveviolenttendenciesarechoosingsuchgames.Butcoulditbethatviolentgamesstillplayacontributingrole?Itseemsunrealistictoinsistthatpeoplearenotinfluencedbywhattheysee.Ifthatweretrue,whywouldthecommercialworldspendbillionsofdollarsannuallyfortelevisionadvertising?

1.WhichofthefollowingcomputergamesareNOTmentionedaseducationalandharmlesslyentertaining?（

）

2.Accordingtotheinvestigators,（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

4.Theauthoruses“televisionadvertising”asanexampletoshowthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.Thosethatteachhowtoflyanairplane.

B.Thosethatteachthefeaturesoftheearth.

C.Thosethathelppeopleusecomputerlanguage.

D.Thosethatteachcomputertechnology.

问题2选项

A.thenewandmoresophisticatedgamesallowtheplayerstotakepartinrealviolentacts

B.thenewandmoresophisticatedgamesteachtheplayershowtokillotherpeople

C.mostcomputerandonlinegamesmaketheplayersforgettherealliferesults

D.mostcomputerandonlinegamesmaycultivateyoungpeoplewithbadmanners

问题3选项

A.moreandmoreyoungpeopleenjoycruelcomputergames

B.itishardtofindevidenceofalinkbetweenviolenceandcomputergames

C.therearenowmoreincidentsofviolenceduetocomputergames

D.simulatedviolenceincomputergamesisdifferentfromrealviolence

问题4选项

A.thecommercialworldiscontributingtotheincreasedviolenceinreallife

B.computerandonlinegamesarenottheonlycauseofincreasedviolenceinreallife

C.thereisacloselinkbetweencomputergamesandincreasedviolenceinreallife

D.otherfactorsmustbeconsideredaspossiblecausesofviolenceinreallife

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:1.细节题。根据题干关键词educationalandharmlesslyentertaining定位到第一段。首段第三句teachesgeography,trainspilots分别对应选项B和A；首段第五句helpyoungpeopletobecomemorecomputerliterate对应选项D，只有C项文中没有提到。

2.细节题。文章第三段和第四段分别陈述了电子游戏和网络游戏所带来的负面影响。A、B、C项都是其表现，D项是前面选项的总结，即使青少年养成不良习惯。

3.逻辑推理。文章通篇都在讲电子游戏和网络游戏对青少年以及社会的负面影响。

4.细节题。根据题干关键词“televisionadvertising”定位至最后一段。举例是为了论证

peopleareinfluencedbywhattheysee（人们会受到所见内容的影响），也就是说，游戏会影响到人们的行为，暴力游戏可能让人有暴力倾向，因此C选项正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

4.单选题

[A]Asherfocus[B]changed,thelovepoetrythatEdamSt.VincentMillay[C]producedinthe1920’s[D]increasinggavewaytopoetrydealingwithsocialinjustice.

问题1选项

A.As

B.changed

C.produced

D.increasing

【答案】D

【解析】【答案】D

【考查点】副词的用法。

【解题思路】根据句子结构可知，句子主干为“thelovepoetrygavewaytopoetrydealingwithsocialinjustice（描写爱情的诗被描写社会不公的诗替代）”，谓语动词是gavewayto，increasing是形容词，只能修饰名词，所以要将D项改为increasingly。

【句意】随着她的创作重点的改变，伊丹•圣文森特•米莱在二十世纪二十年代创作的爱情诗歌逐渐让位于描写社会不公的诗歌。

5.单选题

Helivedina（

）house,andforthisreasonhewaseasilyacceptedintohismoney-worshipingsociety.

问题1选项

A.shabby

B.ragged

C.dingy

D.decent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他住在一栋很体面的房子里，也因为这样他很快就被金钱至上的社会所接纳。shabby“破旧的”；ragged“粗糙的”；dingy“昏暗的”；decent“体面的”。根据句意，选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Youhavethe（）ofworkinghardandbeingsuccessfulorofnotworkinghardandbeingunsuccessful.

问题1选项

A.selection

B.choice

C.alternative

D.option

【答案】D

【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项selection“选择，挑选”，强调挑选的过程；B选项choice“选择权，精选品”，强调选择的行为或可能性；C选项alternative“共替代的选择”，强调二选一，后面一般接介词to；D选项option“选项，选择权”，强调的是摆在我们面前可供选择的不同事物或办法。根据句意：你可以选择努力工作获得成功，或者不努力工作而不成功。这里是指摆在我们面前可供选择的不同事物或办法，所以选项D正确。

7.单选题

Thegovernmentistryingtodosomethingto（

）betterunderstandingbetweenthetwocountries.

问题1选项

A.raise

B.promote

C.heighten

D.increase

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。raise“提高，筹集，养育”；promote“促进，推动”；heighten“提高，增高，使更显著”；increase“增加，增大”。句意：政府正在努力促进两国之间更好的理解。因此选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

Onceyougettoknowyourmistakes,youshould（）themassoonaspossible.

问题1选项

A.rectify

B.reclaim

C.refrain

D.reckon

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项rectify“纠正”；B选项reclaim“开拓；回收再利用；改造某人”；C选项refrain“节制，克制；避免；制止”；D选项reckon“测算，估计；认为”。句意：一旦你认识到自己的错误，那么你应该尽可能快地纠正它们。结合句意，A选项正确。

9.单选题

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordtablefollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthetableisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthetablemorethanonce.

Itis3a.m.everythingontheuniversitycampusseemsghostlikeinthequietanddarkness—everythingexceptthecomputercenter.Here,twentystudentsrumpledandbleary-eyed,tappingawayonthe（1）keys.Witheyesgluedtothevideoscreen,theytaponforhours.Fortherestoftheworld,itmightbethemiddleofthenight,butheretimedoesnotexist.Thisisaworlduntoitself.Theseyoungcomputer“hackers”are（2）akindofcompulsion,adrivesoconsumingitovershadowsnearlyeveryotherpartoftheirlivesandformsthefocalpointoftheirexistence.Theyare（3）computerprogrammers.Someofthesestudentshavebeenattheconsoleforthirtyhoursormorewithoutabreakformealsorsleep.Somehave（4）onsofasandloungechairsinthecomputercenter,tryingtocatchamomentsleepbutdon’twanttogettoofarawayfromtheirbelovedmachines.Mostofthesestudentsdon’thavetobeatthecomputercenterinthemiddleofthenight.Theyaren’tworkingonassignments.Theyaretherebecausetheywanttobe—theyareirresistibly（5）there.

Andtheyarenotalone.Thereare（6）atcomputercentersallacrossthecountry.Intheirextremeform,theyfocusonnothingelse.Theyflunkoutofschoolandlosecontactwithfriends;theymighthavedifficultyfindingjobs,choosinginsteadtowanderfromonecomputercentertoanother.

“Irememberonehacker.We（7）hadtocarryhimoffhischairtofeedhimandputhimtosleep.Wereallyfearedforhishealth,”saysacomputerscienceprofessoratMIT.

Computerscienceteachersarenowmore（8）oftheimplicationsofthishackerphenomenonandareonthelookoutforpotentialhackersandcasesofcomputer（9）thatarealreadysevere.Theyknowthatthe（10）ofthehackersisnotjustthestoryofoneperson'srelationshipwithamachine.Itisthestoryofasociety’srelationshiptotheso-calledthinkingmachineswhicharebecomingalmosteverywhere.

问题1选项

A.hackers

B.company

C.compulsive

D.internal

E.fallenasleep

F.know

G.actually

H.purse

I.computer

J.drawn

K.addressed

L.addiction

M.pursuing

N.aware

O.case

问题2选项

A.hackers

B.company

C.compulsive

D.internal

E.fallenasleep

F.know

G.actually

H.purse

I.computer

J.drawn

K.addressed

L.addiction

M.pursuing

N.aware

O.case

问题3选项

A.hackers

B.company

C.compulsive

D.internal

E.fallenasleep

F.know

G.actually

H.purse

I.computer

J.drawn

K.addressed

L.addiction

M.pursuing

N.aware

O.case

问题4选项

A.hackers

B.company

C.compulsive

D.internal

E.fallenasleep

F.know

G.actually

H.purse

I.computer

J.drawn

K.addressed

L.addiction

M.pursuing

N.aware

O.case

问题5选项

A.hackers

B.company

C.compulsive

D.internal

E.fallenasleep

F.know

G.actually

H.purse

I.computer

J.drawn

K.addressed

L.addiction

M.pursuing

N.aware

O.case

问题6选项

A.hackers

B.company

C.compulsive

D.internal

E.fallenasleep

F.know

G.actually

H.purse

I.computer

J.drawn

K.addressed

L.addiction

M.pursuing

N.aware

O.case

问题7选项

A.hackers

B.company

C.compulsive

D.internal

E.fallenasleep

F.know

G.actually

H.purse

I.computer

J.drawn

K.addressed

L.addiction

M.pursuing

N.aware

O.case

问题8选项

A.hackers

B.company

C.compulsive

D.internal

E.fallenasleep

F.know

G.actually

H.purse

I.computer

J.drawn

K.addressed

L.addiction

M.pursuing

N.aware

O.case

问题9选项

A.hackers

B.company

C.compulsive

D.internal

E.fallenasleep

F.know

G.actually

H.purse

I.computer

J.drawn

K.addressed

L.addiction

M.pursuing

N.aware

O.case

问题10选项

A.hackers

B.company

C.compulsive

D.internal

E.fallenasleep

F.know

G.actually

H.purse

I.computer

J.drawn

K.addressed

L.addiction

M.pursuing

N.aware

O.case

【答案】第1题:I

第2题:M

第3题:C

第4题:E

第5题:J

第6题:A

第7题:G

第8题:N

第9题:L

第10题:O

【解析】1.考查句意理解。根据句意“在这里（电脑中心），20名学生皱着眉头，睡眼惺忪，不停地敲着（）键盘。”由此可推断出，这里指的是电脑键盘，所以I选项正确。

2.考查句意理解。根据句意“这些年轻的电脑‘黑客’正在（）一种冲动，这种冲动如此强烈，以至于掩盖了他们生活的几乎所有其他部分，形成了他们存在的焦点。”由此可知，填空处应填入动词，M选项pursuing“追求”代入符合句意。

3.考查句意理解。分析句子可知，填空处应填入的是一个形容词来修饰computerprogrammers；根据下文“其中一些学生已经在控制台前呆了30多个小时，没有吃饭或睡觉。”可推断出，这些人他们的行为是强制性的，所以本题选C。

4.考查句意理解。根据句意可知，这里是说“有些人在电脑中心的沙发和躺椅上睡着了。”所以选项E正确。

5.考查句意理解。根据破折号前面的句意“他们在那里是因为他们想要….”，可知，这里应该是指“他们被不可抗拒地吸引到那里”，所以选项J符合句意。

6.考查句意理解。根据句意“而且他们并不孤单。这里有来自于全国各地计算机中心的黑客。”选项A符合句意。

7.考查句子结构和句意理解。分析句子结构可知，句子成分和句意表达完整，由此可知，填空处应填入的是一个副词，只有选项G属于副词，所以正确。

8.考查固定搭配。根据句意“计算机科学教师们现在更加（）这种黑客现象的影响…”beawareof意为“意识到”，选项N符合句意。

9.考查句意理解。根据句意“计算机科学教师现在更加意识到这种黑客现象的影响，并且密切关注那些潜在的黑客和已经对计算机严重上瘾的事例。”computeraddiction意为“对计算机上瘾的”，选项L符合句意。

10.考查句意理解。根据句意“他们知道，黑客事件不只是一个人与一台机器的关系。”选项O符合句意。

10.单选题

Therewasalong（

）silencebetweenthemafterhisangrywords.

问题1选项

A.clumsy

B.inconvenient

C.funny

D.embarrassing

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他愤怒的话语使得他们之间出现了长时间令人尴尬的沉默。

考查形容词辨析。Clumsy笨拙的,inconvenient不便的,打扰的;funny有趣的,好笑的;embarrassing使人尴尬的，令人为难的。故D符合句意。

11.单选题

Wemustensurearationalproportionbetween（）andconsumption.

问题1选项

A.conformation

B.acceleration

C.coordination

D.accumulation

【答案】D

【解析】conformation构造,一致；acceleration加速,促进；coordination协调,对等；accumulation积聚,累积。根据句意可知,这里应填入consumption的反义词,只有选项D符合语境。

12.单选题

Ididn’tcalltomakemyairlinereservation,butI（）.

问题1选项

A.shouldhave

B.mayhave

C.musthave

D.shallhave

【答案】A

【解析】考查情态动词。A选项shouldhave“本该做却没有做”；B选项mayhave通常接过去分词，用于虚拟语气，表示“过去可能”；C选项musthavedone表示对过去的肯定的逻辑推测，推定某件事情、动作或状态可能在过去发生过（存在过），如果musthavedone与bynow连用，还可以表示对现在完成的动作和状态的肯定推测，但实质上还是指所推测的过去的动作；D选项shallhavedone通常用来表示将来完成时。句意：我没有打电话订机票，但我应该打电话订的。因此A选项正确。

13.单选题

Hesaiditwasimportanttoputinthehours,butitwasnotjustthehoursthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.affected

B.counted

C.focused

D.faltered

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。affect“影响，感染，感动”；count“计算，认为，起作用，值得考虑”；focus“使集中，使聚焦”；falter“支吾地说，畏缩，蹒跚”。根据句意‘他说，投入时间是重要的，但是（

）不只是时间。’确定B选项count“起作用”正确。

14.翻译题

人们对金钱有各自的看法。有的人喜欢钱是因为钱能为他们买到东西，另一些人则把它看作安全的保障。有的人担心自己永远挣不到足够的钱，另一些人则不喜欢有太多的钱。人们对于钱的态度取决于许多方面：在什么样的环境中长大，习惯于拥有多少钱，是为钱而努力工作还是为喜欢的工作而挣钱。甚至人们对生活的信念也影响对金钱的看法。对于金钱的态度没有正确和错误之分，每种态度都自有其合理之处。

【答案】Peoplehavetheirownviewsonmoney.Somepeoplelikemoneybecausemoneycanbuythingsforthem,whileotherstreatitasasecurityguarantee.Somepeopleworrythattheywillneverearnenoughmoney,whileotherswouldnotliketohavetoomuchmoney.People'sattitudetowardsmoneydependsonmanyaspectssuchasinwhatkindofenvironmentyougrowup,howmuchmoneyyouareusedtoobtaining,andyouworkhardformakingmoneyormakemoneyjustbecauseyoulovethejob.Eventhefaithofpeople'slifealsoaffectstheviewonmoney.Thereisnorightorwrongattitudetowardsmoney,andeachattitudehasitsownreasonablepoint.

15.单选题

Thereiswidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccompaniedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.Whileindustriallaboratoriescontributedsuchimportantproductsasnylonandtransistors,independentinventorsdevelopedairconditioning,theautomatictransmission,thejetengine,thehelicopter,insulin,andstreptomycin.Stillotherinventions,suchasstainlesssteel,television,silicones,andPlexiglasweredevelopedthroughthecombinedeffortsofindividualsandlaboratoryteams.

Despitethesefinding,weareurgedtosupportmonopolisticpoweronthegroundsthatsuchpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.Wearetoldthattheindependentinventor,alongwiththesmallfirm,cannotaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneededtoimproveourstandardoflivingwhileprotectingourdiminishingresources;thatonlythegiantcorporationorconglomerate,withitsprodigiousassets,canaffordthekindofexpendituresthatproducethetechnologicaladvancesvitaltoeconomicprogress.Butwhenweexamineexpendituresforresearch,wefindthatofthemorethan$35billionspenteachyearinthiscountry,almosttwo-thirdsisspentbythefederalgovernment.Morethanhalfofthisgovernmentexpenditureisfunneledintomilitaryresearchandproductdevelopment,accountingfortheenormousincreaseinspendinginsuchindustriesasnuclearenergy,aircraft,missiles,andelectronics.Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswilleitherimproveourstandardoflivingordomuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.

Recenthistoryhasdemonstratedthatwemayhavetoalterourlongstandingconceptionoftheprocessactuatedbycompetition.Thepricevariable,onceperceivedasthedominantaspectoftheprocess,isnowsubordinatetothecompetitionofthenewproduct,thenewbusinessstructure,andthenewtechnology.Whileitcanbeassumedthatinahighlycompetitiveindustrynotdominatedbyasinglecorporation,investmentininnovation—ariskyandexpensivebudgetitem—mightmeetresistancefrommanagementandstockholdersconcernedaboutcost-cutting,efficientorganization,andlargeadvertisingbudgets,itwouldbeanegregiouserrortoequatethemonopolisticproducerwithbountifulexpendituresonresearch.Large-scaleenterprisestendtooperatemorecomfortablyinstableandsecurecircumstances,andtheirmanagerialbureaucraciestendtopromotethestatusquoandresistthethreatimplicitinchange.Moreover,insomecases,industrialgiantsfacedwithlittleornocompetitionseektoavoidthecapitallossresultingfromobsolescencebydeliberatelyobstructingtechnologicalprogress.Bycontrast,smallfirmsundeterredbylargeinvestmentsinplantandcapitalequipmentoftenaggressivelypursuenewtechniquesandnewproducts,investingininnovationinordertoexpandtheirmarketshares.

Theconglomeratesarenot,however,completelyexceptfrom