考研考博-英语-兰州职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-兰州职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

AdamSmith,writinginthe1770s,wasthefirstpersontoseetheimportanceofthedivisionoflaborandtoexplainpartofitsadvantages.HegivesasanexampletheprocessbywhichpinsweremadeinEngland.

“Onemandrawsoutthewire;anotherstrengthensit;athirdcutsit;afourthpointsit;afifthgrindsitatthetoptoprepareittoreceivethehead.Tomaketheheadrequirestwoorthreeoperations.Toputitonisaseparateoperation,topolishthepinsisanother.Andtheimportantbusinessofmakingpinsis,inthismanner,dividedintoabouteighteenoperations,whichinsomefactoriesareallperformedbydifferentpeople,thoughinothersthesamemanwillsometimesperformtwoorthreeofthem.”

Tenmen,Smithsaid,inthisway,turnedouttwelvepoundsofpinsadayorabout4,800pinsperworker.Butifallofthemhadworkedseparatelyandindependentlywithoutdivisionoflabor,noneofthemcouldhavemadetwentypinsinadayandperhapsnotevenone.

Therecanbenodoubtthatdivisionoflaborisanefficientwayoforganizingwork.Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentandthatitaccountsforthedifferencebetweenexpandingeconomiesandthosethatstandstill.Butdivisionoflaboraddsnothingnew;itonlyenablespeopletoproducemoreofwhattheyalreadyhave.

1.Accordingtothepassage,AdamSmithwasthefirstpersonto（）.

2.AdamSmithsawthatthedivisionoflabor（）.

3.AdamSmithmentionedthenumber4,800inorderto（）.

4.Accordingtothewriter,AdamSmith’smistakewasinbelievingthatdivisionoflabor（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcouldserveasanappropriatetitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.takeadvantageofthedivisionoflabor

B.introducethedivisionoflaborintoEngland

C.understandtheeffectsofthedivisionoflabor

D.explainthecausesofthedivisionoflabor

问题2选项

A.enabledeachworkertomakepinsmorequicklyandmorecheaply

B.increasedthepossibleoutputperworker

C.increasedthenumberofpeopleemployedinfactories

D.improvedthequalityofpinsproduced

问题3选项

A.showtheadvantagesofthedivisionoflabor

B.showtheadvantagesoftheoldcraftsystem

C.emphasizehowpowerfultheindividualworkerwas

D.emphasizetheimportanceofincreasedproduction

问题4选项

A.wasanefficientwayoforganizingwork

B.wasanimportantdevelopmentinmethodsofproduction

C.certainlyledtoeconomicdevelopment

D.increasedtheproductionofexistinggoods

问题5选项

A.AdamSmith,theEnglishEconomist

B.TheTheoryofDivisionofLabor

C.DivisionofLabor,anEfficientWayofOrganizingWork

D.AdamSmith,theLastDiscovererofDivisionofLabor

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第一句可知，AdamSmith是第一个认识到劳动分工的重要性并解释其部分优势的人。选项C符合原文。

2.细节推断题。根据最后一段第二句“Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.”可知，劳动分工增加了每个工人尽可能多的产量，所以选项B正确。

3.细节推断题。根据第三段的内容可知，如果没有进行分工，没有工人能在一天内完成二十枚别针，甚至连一枚都做不成，而通过分工合作，相当于每个工人生产4800枚别针，作者是想通过这一数字来说明分工的优势。选项A正确。

4.细节推断题。最后一段第三句“AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopment...”但他也理所当然地认为，劳动分工本质上对经济增长和发展负责。选项C符合原文。

5.主旨题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是劳动分工，重点不是在于AdamSmith也不是讲述理论，所以选项C最能概括全文。

2.单选题

Thereisno（）whateverforthemannerinwhichyoubehavedfoolishlyattheEnglishparty.

问题1选项

A.jurisdiction

B.justification

C.judgment

D.junction

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项jurisdiction“司法权，审判权，管辖权；权限”；B选项justification“理由；辩护；认为有理”；C选项judgment“判断；裁判；判决书”；D选项junction“连接；交叉点；接合点”。句意：你在英语晚会上的愚蠢行为根本就没有……。此处表示“愚蠢行为”是无理的，B选项符合句意要求。

3.单选题

（）thattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstructionsitesby90percent.

问题1选项

A.Socleveraretheconstructionrobots

B.Soclevertheconstructionrobotsare

C.Suchconstructionrobotsareclever

D.Suchcleverconstructionrobotsare

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。so/such和that搭配都可引导结果状语从句，such后接名词，so后接副词或形容词，结构：so+adj.+a/an+名词，such+a/an+adj.+名词，so和such谓语句首要用部分倒装，选项A符合题意。句意：建筑用机器人是如此的聪明，以至于他们能够减少工地用量的百分之九十。选项A符合题意。

4.翻译题

Ihavesuggestedthatself-actualizerscanbedefinedaspeoplewhoarenolongermotivatedbytheneedsforsafety,belongingness,love，status,andself-respectbecausetheseneedshavealreadybeensatisfied.Whythenshouldalove-gratifiedpersonfallinlove?（1）Certainlynotforthesamereasonsthatmotivatethelove-deprivedperson,whofallsinlovebecauseheneedsandcraveslove,becausehelacksit,andisimpelledtomakeupthisdeficiency.

Self-actualizershavenoseriousdeficienciestomakeupandmustnowbelookeduponasfreedforgrowth，maturation,development，inaword,forthefulfillmentandactualizationoftheirhighestindividualandspeciesnature.Whatsuchpeopledoemanatesfromgrowthandexpressesitwithoutstriving.（2）Theylovebecausetheyarelovingpersons，inthesamewaythattheyarekind,honest,natural,i.e.,becauseitistheirnaturetobesospontaneous,asastrongmanisstrongwithoutwillingtobe,asaroseemitsperfume,asacatisgraceful,orasachildischildish.Suchepiphenomenaareaslittlemotivatedasisphysicalgrowthorpsychologicalmaturation.

Thereislittleofthetrying,straining,orstrivinginthelovingoftheself-actualizerthatsodominatesthelovingoftheaverageperson.Inphilosophicallanguage,itisanaspectofbeingaswellasofbecomingandbanbecalledB-love,that,lovefortheBeingoftheother.

（3）Aparadoxseemstobecreatedatfirstsightbythefactthatself-actualizingpeoplemaintainadegreeofindividuality,ofdetachment,andautonomythatseemsatfirstglancetobeincompatiblewiththekindofidentificationandlovethatIhavebeendescribingabove.Butthisisonlyanapparentparadox.（4）Aswehaveseen,thetendenciestodetachmentandtoneedidentificationandtoprofoundinterrelationshipswithanotherpersoncancoexistinhealthypeople.Thefactisthatself-actualizingpeoplearesimultaneouslythemostindividualisticandthemostaltruisticandsocialandlovingofallhumanbeings.Thefactthatwehaveinourcultureputthesequalitiesatoppositeendsofasinglecontinuumisapparentlyamistakethatmustnowbecorrected.Thesequalitiesgotogetherandthedichotomyisresolvedinself-actualizingpeople.

（5）Wefindinoursubjectsahealthyselfishness,agreatself-respect,adisinclinationtomakesacrificeswithoutgoodreason.

【答案】1.当然和那些缺爱的人爱上别人的原因不一样。他爱上别人是因为他需要爱，他渴望爱；因为他缺乏爱，所以他必须要弥补这个缺失。

2.他们去爱是因为他们是有爱的人，正如同他们善良、诚实、自然一样，这些都是他们自然流露出的天性。一个强壮的人无须刻意追求强壮，正如玫瑰散发芳香，猫咪生性优雅，而孩童天然单纯。

3.初看之下自相矛盾之处在于：自我实现的人要确保某种程度的个性、超脱和独立自主，而在看上去似乎和我上面一直在描述的那种爱和认同感的特点不相吻合。

4.如我们所知，在健康的人身上，超脱的性情、需要认同感的偏好以及想和另一个人有深度关系的倾向是可以共存的。

5.我们发现，在我们的试验对象身上有一种健康的自我中心主义、一种伟大的自我尊重，以及一种对动不动就自我牺牲的厌恶。

5.写作题

Inmanycountrieschildrenareengagedinsomekindofpaidwork.Somepeopleregardthisascompletelywrong,whileothersconsideritasvaluableworkexperience,importantforlearningandtakingresponsibility.Whatareyouropinionsonthis?Writeapassageonthetopicinabout200words.YoumustwriteclearlyandlogicallyonyourAnswerSheet.

【答案】略。

6.单选题

Joereturnedfromvacationandwokeupcompletely（）.

问题1选项

A.refreshed

B.beingrefreshed

C.havingrefreshed

D.havingbeenrefreshed

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。B选项是动名词的被动形式，“beingdone”，C选项是动名词的完成形式“havingdone”，D选项是动名词的完成+被动形式“havingbeendone”，句意：乔度假回来，醒来后精神抖擞。所以本题的正确答案应该是A选项。

7.单选题

Wesincerelyhopeyouwillsoonbe（）tohealth.

问题1选项

A.restored

B.recovered

C.returned

D.renewed

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。restore（to）“恢复，恢复成（某个样子），及物动词，多用于被动语态，强调用外力来恢复原状”。句意：我们真诚地希望你们不久就能恢复健康。根据句意，A为正确答案。

8.单选题

Judgesmustbefirm,fairand（

）intheirapplicationofthelaw.

问题1选项

A.normal

B.virtual

C.consistent

D.incessant

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容词辨析。normal“正常的”；virtual“虚拟的”；consistent“一致的”；incessant“持续不断的”。句意：法官在实施法律时，必须做到坚定、公正、一致。选项C符合句意。

9.翻译题

Thesupposed“consensus”onman-madeglobalwarmingisfacinganinconvenientchallenge,afterthereleaseofnewtemperaturedatashowingtheplanethasnotwarmedforthepast15years.Thefiguressuggestthatwecouldevenbeheadingforaminiiceagetorivalthe70-yeartemperaturedropthatsawfrostfairsheldontheThamesinthe17thCentury.Basedonreadingsfrommorethan30.000measuringstations,thedatawasissuedlastweekwithoutfanfarebytheMetOfficeandtheUniversityofEastAngliaClimaticResearchUnit.Itconfirmsthattherisingtrendinworldtemperaturesendedin1997.Meanwhile,leadingclimatescientistsyesterdaytoldTheMailonSundaythat,afteremittingunusuallyhighlevelsofenergythroughoutthe20thCentury,thesunisnowheadingtowardsa"grandminimum"initsoutput,threateningcoldsummers,bitterwintersandashorteningoftheseasonavailableforgrowingfood.Solaroutputgoesthrough11-yearcycles,withhighnumbersofsunspotsseenattheirpeak.Wearenowatwhatshouldbethepeakofwhatscientistscall"Cycle24'—whichiswhylastweek'ssolarstormresultedinsightingsoftheauroraborealisfurthersouththanusual.Butsunspotnumbersarerunningatlessthanhalfthoseseenduringcyclepeaksinthe20thCentury.

AnalysisbyexpertsatNASAandtheUniversityofArizona―derivedfrommagnetic-fieldmeasurements120,000milesbeneaththesun'ssurface—suggestthatcycle25,whosepeakisduein2022,willbeagreatdealweakerstill.AccordingtoapaperissuedlastweekbytheMetOffice,thereisa92percentchancethatbothcycle25andthosetakingplaceinthefollowingdecadeswillbeaspeakas,orweakerthanthe"Daltonminimum”of1790to1830.Inthisperiod,namedafterthemeteorologistJohnDalton,averagetemperaturesinpartsofEuropefellby2°C.However,itisalsopossiblethatthenewsolarenergyslumpcouldbeasdeepasthe“Maunderminimum"(afterastronomerEdwardMaundeo,between1645and1715inthecoldestpartofthe"LittleIceAge"when,aswellastheThamesfrostfairs,thecanalsofHollandfrozesolid.

【答案】新的气温数据显示，地球在过去15年没有变暖。这一数据发布之后，人为造成全球变暖的所谓“共识”面临棘手的挑战。数据显示，我们可能即将经历小冰河期，堪比那次70年的降温期。在17世纪，泰晤士河都冰冻了。上周，英国气象局和东安格利亚大学气候研究中心悄无声息地发布了来自3万多个测量站的读数，确认全球气温上升趋势终止于1997年。昨日主流气候科学家对《星期日邮报》称，太阳在整个20世纪释放出异乎寻常的高能量，现在正走向其输出能量的“最低值”，人类将面临冷夏、凛冬以及粮食种植季节缩短。太阳活动周期为11年，在高峰期会出现大量太阳黑子。我们现在正处于科学家所称“第24个周期”中的高峰期，这就是为什么上周太阳风暴会导致比往常更偏南的位置出现北极光。但是，太阳黑子的数量还不到20世纪太阳活动周期峰值的一半。

美国国家航空航天局和亚利桑那大学的专家对太阳表面以下12万英里处的磁场测量数据进行了分析，结果表明，第25个太阳活动周期的峰值将于2022年到来，其强度仍将大大减弱。据英国气象局上周发布的一份报告，第25个太阳活动周期和随后几十年的周期，有92%的几率达到或弱于1790年至1830年的“道尔顿最低点”。在以气象学家约翰·道尔顿命名这段时期中，欧洲部分地区的平均气温下降了2摄氏度。然而，这次新的太阳能量暴跌也有可能达到“蒙德最低点”(以天文学家爱德华·蒙德的名字命名)的幅度，也就是1645年到1715年的“小冰河期”最冷的时候，那时荷兰的运河、泰晤士河都冰封冻结了。

10.单选题

Thefactory’swastewasfoundtobedetrimentaltotheenvironment.

问题1选项

A.harmful

B.helpful

C.harmless

D.harsh

【答案】A

【解析】考查词义辨析。detrimental表示“不利的，有害的”；A项harmful“有害的”，B项helpful“有帮助的”，C项harmless“无害的”，D项harsh“严厉的，严酷的”。句意：人们发现这家工厂的废物对环境有害。因此A项正确。

11.单选题

Despitethefactthatthetwocouncilmembersbelongedtodifferentpoliticalparties,they______theissueofhowtofinancethetowndebt.

问题1选项

A.attested

B.reportedon

C.disdainfor

D.consentto

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词及词组辨析。A项attest“证明，证实”，B项reporton“报告，汇报，就……作报告”，C项disdainfor“蔑视，鄙视”，D项consentto“同意，答应”。由despite可知，前后句子为转折关系，前半句的意思是“尽管这两名委员会成员属于不同的政党”，那么可以推测they______theissue的意思应该是“但是他们都同意这个事情”，D项符合。句意：尽管这两名委员会成员属于不同的政党，但他们同意如何为城镇债务融资的问题。因此，该题选择D项。

12.单选题

Itmakesmesicktothinkofhishighly______manners.

问题1选项

A.artistic

B.artful

C.artless

D.artificial

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项artistic“艺术的、有美感的”；B项artful“巧妙的、狡猾的”；C项artless“天真的、朴实的”；D项artificial“人造的、仿造的、虚伪的”；句意：我一想到他那矫揉造作的举止就觉得恶心。因此该题D项正确。

13.单选题

Theratiooftheworkdonebythemachine（

）theworkdoneonitiscalledtheefficiencyofthemachine.

问题1选项

A.against

B.with

C.to

D.for

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。theratioofAtoB表示“A与B之比”。句意：机械所做的功与其受到的功之比称为机械的效率。答案C

14.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Paintingsarestatic.Theuniquenessoftheexperienceoflookingatapaintingrepeatedly—overaperiodofdaysoryearsisthat,inthemidstofflux,theimageremainschangeless.Ofcoursethesignificanceoftheimagemaychange,asaresultofeitherhistoricalorpersonaldevelopments,butwhatisdepictedisunchanging:thesamemilkflowingfromthesamejug,thewavesontheseawithexactlythesameformationunbroken,thesmileandthefacewhichhavenotaltered.

Onemightbetemptedtosaythatpaintingspreserveamoment.Yetonreflectionthisisobviouslyuntrue.Forthemomentofapainting,unlikeamomentphotographed,neverexistedassuch.Andsoapaintingcannotbesaidtopreserveit.Ifapainting“stops”time,itisnot,likeaphotograph,preservingamomentofthepastfromthesupersessionofsucceedingmoments.

【答案】绘画是静态的。在几天或几年时间里反复看一幅画的经历的独特性在于画的内容在变迁中仍然保持不变。当然，由于历史或个人发展,尽管该图像的意义可能会改变,但描述的内容是不变的:一样的奶瓶中流出的一样的牛奶，海面上完全一样的完整的波浪，不变的微笑和笑脸。

人们可能会说，绘画保存了一个瞬间。然而，仔细想想，这显然是不真实的。因为与被拍摄的瞬间不一样，绘画中的瞬间从未存在。因此，不能说一幅画保存了一个瞬间。如果一幅画留住了某个瞬间，那么它就不能保存代替随后瞬间的过去瞬间，就像相片一样。

15.单选题

Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber.Somearepets,andofferhimcompanionshipsomegiveprotection,andsomedohardworkwhichmancannotdoforhimself.Dogs,whichservemaninallthreecapacities,arefoundinvariousbreedsinallcountriesoftheworld.TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.Theinhabitantsofcertaincountriesaredependentfortheirverylivesonthecamel.IntheWestIndiesthelittledonkey,strongandsure-footed,carryingheavyloadseveninmountainousplaces,isafamiliarsight.

Trainedandtamedformanygenerations,domesticanimalsarenotaccustomedtoroaming(到处走动)insearchoffoodandshelter.Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.

Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood.Itmustbesuitableforthem,sufficientinquantity,freshandclean.Somepeoplefeedapetdogorcatonoddsandendsoftablescraps,andthenwonderwhytheanimalseemslistless(倦怠的)anddull.Thequantityoffooddependsonthesizeoftheanimalandtheamountofexerciseittakes.Overfeedingisasbadasunderfeeding.Containersforfoodandwatermustbewashedregularlyiftheanimalistomaintaingoodhealth.

Evenwellcaredforanimalsmaysometimesfallill.Ifthishappens,thewisemasterseeksthebestadvicehecanget.Allsortsofmedicinesandtreatmentsareavailableforsickanimals,andinsomecountriesorganizationsexisttoprovidethemfreeoratacheapprice.Useful,friendly,hardworkinganimalsdeservetohavesometime,moneyandattentionspentontheirhealth.

1.Whatmainideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Whenananimalisunderfed,itwillprobably________.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofdogsaccordingtothepassage?

4.Tokeepadomesticanimalphysicallyfit,itsownerisadvised________.

5.WhichofthefollowingwouldbebestTITLEforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Insomeregionsadonkeyseemstobeaveryusefulbeast.

B.Ananimalwillbeuselessunlessdomesticated.

C.Thereexiststhousandsofspeciesofanimalsintheworld.

D.Mancametoestablishacloserelationshipwithanumberofanimals.

问题2选项

A.requireitsmastertooffersomefood

B.seekforfoodonitsown

C.refusetoobeyitsmaster

D.immediatelyfallill

问题3选项

A.Thereliveagreatvarietyofbreedsofdogsontheglobe.

B.TheHuskyandtheSalukiarethestrongestbreedeverknownintheworld.

C.Theycanactasfriends,guards,andservantstoman.

D.Theyhavegreatadaptationfortheenvironment.

问题4选项

A.nottoallowittotakeexcessiveamountsofexercise

B.tojoinsomesortofpet-keepingorganizations

C.nottohesitatetospendenormousamountofmoneyonit

D.topayattentiontoitsproperfeeding

问题5选项

A.TheAdvantagesofRaisingDomesticAnimals.

B.SomeTipsonPet-keeping.

C.DomesticatedAnimals-Man’sBestfriend.

D.ProperDiet-theRoadtoHealth.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber.（在世界上存在的成千上万种不同的动物中，人类已经学会了与大量的动物交朋友。），可知人类和许多动物关系密切，随后举出具体的例子，D选项“人与许多动物建立了密切的关系”正确。A选项“在某些地区，驴似乎是一种非常有用的牲畜”，B选项“除非被驯化，否则动物是无用的”和C选项“世界上有成千上万种动物”不是表达的重点。因此D选项正确。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.（他们指望主人满足他们的需要，只要主人满足了他们的需要，他们就满足于去做主人所要求的事情。），可知家畜把所有需求的满足放在主人身上，如果不被满足，就不会服从主人，C选项“拒绝服从主人”正确，B选项“寻找食物”错误。A选项“要求它的主人给一些食物”：动物不会表达明确的要求，故错误。D选项“很快病倒”：根据第三段第三句Somepeoplefeedapetdogorcatonoddsandendsoftablescraps,andthenwonderwhytheanimalseemslistlessanddull.（有些人用餐桌上的残羹剩饭来喂宠物狗或猫，然后又想知道为什么这些动物看起来无精打采。），可知缺乏营养不会让动物马上病倒，而是没有精神。因此C选项正确。

3.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第四句TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.（哈士奇可以生活在寒冷的极地地区，而萨卢基则生活在中非最热的地区。），哈士奇和萨卢基分别可以在极寒和极热的地方生活，可以说明狗对环境的适应力很强，但不能说明它们是最强壮的狗，A选项“地球上生活着各种品种的狗”和D选项“他们对环境有很大的适应能力”符合文章内容，B选项“哈士奇和萨卢基是世界上已知的最强壮的品种”不符合文章内容。C选项“他们可以充当人类的朋友、守卫和仆人”：根据第一段第二句Somearepets,andofferhimcompanionshipsomegiveprotection,andsomedohardworkwhichmancannotdoforhimself.（有些是宠物，给他陪伴，有些给他保护，有些做人类自己不能做的艰苦工作。），分别对应朋友、守卫和仆人的角色，符合文章内容。因此B选项正确。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。作者在第三段第一句提出Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood.（所有的家畜都需要适当进食。），随后具体地说明如何适当进食，D选项“注意适当喂养”正确。A选项“不允许它进行过量的运动”：文中没有提到。B选项“加入宠物饲养组织”：根据第四段第三句Allsortsofmedicinesandtreatmentsareavailableforsickanimals,andinsomecountriesorganizationsexisttoprovidethemfreeoratacheapprice.（生病的动物可以得到各种各样的药物和治疗，在一些国家有组织免费或低价提供。），可知这主要是针对治病，而不是保持身体健康。C选项“毫不犹豫地花大量的钱来照顾”：Useful,friendly,hardworkinganimalsdeservetohavesometime,moneyandattentionspentontheirhealth.（这些有用、友好、勤劳的动物值得为它们的健康花费一些时间、金钱和注意力。），这里指花费一些金钱而不是大量。因此D选项正确。

5.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段提出人类需要家养动物，第二段讲家养动物需要人类获取住所和食物，第三段和第四段讲如何照顾家养动物，综合来看，C选项“家养动物——人类最好的朋友”正确。A选项“饲养家畜的优点”和B选项“养宠物的一些建议”：是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文。D选项“正确的饮食——通往健康之路”：文章不是讲饮食，而是家养动物。因此C选项正确。

16.单选题

Onmanyoccasions,wetendtointerprettheactionsofchildren（）ourownexperienceasanadult.

问题1选项

A.forthesakeof

B.onbehalfof

C.intermsof

D.inaccordancewith

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语。A选项forthesakeof“为了”；B选项onbehalfof“代表”；C选项intermsof“依据，在……方面”；D选项inaccordancewith“与……一致”。句意：在很多时候，我们倾向于依据自己作为一个成年人的经验来解释孩子的行为。根据空格前后的句意关系，只有C选项intermsof“依据，在……方面”符合句意，其他选项意思不对。因此C选项正确。

17.单选题

TheGermangeneralstaffmadeanotherdangerousconcessiontowhattheyconsideredamilitarynecessity.Theplanwouldbe（）notwhencountriesformallydeclaredwarbutsimplywhentheyorderedmobilization.

问题1选项

A.triggered

B.triggering

C.trifling

D.trifled

【答案】A

【解析】trigger引起，发动；trifle浪费，嘲弄。根据句意：德国总参谋部对他们认为是军事需要的东西又作了危险的让步。该计划不会在国家正式宣战时启动，而只是在国家下令动员时启动。首先排除选项C和D，计划是被启动，所以选项A正确。

18.单选题

Everycountryandculture,whetherit’sasancientasIndiaorasyoungastheCzechRepublic,hasahistorythatwillgreatlyaffectboththemarketandthemarketer.Amarketthathasbeenheavilyexploitedinthepastbyforeignerswillturnapredictablyskepticaleyetowardanyoverseascompanyseekingnewsalesterritory.Itmayevenrefuseproductsthatcouldgreatlybenefitthesociety.Understandingthathistorywillenableamarketertoapproachthecultureinamoresubtlemanner,anditwillcertainlycauseanadjustmentofschedule.Ontheotherend,aculturethathasbeenmarkedbyindependenceforsometimewillhavefewfearsofforeignoperationsandmayfindthesubtleapproachfartoolacklusterandslow.

Marketersmaybringtheirownbusinesstotheprocessandshouldtakecaretoseparatethemselves,atleastemotionally,fromtheirpersonalandculturalhistory.Oftentimes,thisincludesracialprejudicesthataredifficulttoshake,earlierpoliticaldisagreementsthathaveneverbeenfullysettled,ofoldunhealedwarwounds.

Let’slookattheraceissuefirst.CompanieswithCaucasianmarketingpersonnelreturningtopost-apartheidSouthAfricaaregenerallyplaguedwithafeelingthattheyowesomethingtothenewblackmajoritygovernment.It’sacompletelyself-generateddebtasthegovernmentis,inreality,overjoyedthatinvestmenthasreturnedafterthelongembargo.However,thisjoydoesn’tpreventSouthAfricacompaniesfromtakingadvantageofcounterparts’guiltfeelingswhenit’stimetocutadeal.

Onthepoliticalfront,therelationship,betweenVietnamandtheUnitedStatesisaprimeexampleoftwosetsofmarketersmisinterpretingeachother’shistoryandculturewhenitcametimetodobusiness.Followinginthewakeofthebloodytwo-decadewarthatendedin1975,theUnitedStatesandVietnamfinallyreopenedtradein1994.TheVietnameseassumedthatAmericanbusinesscommunitywouldheapinvestmentonthemtomakeupforpastwrong,whiletheAmericanthoughttheywouldbewelcomedasthesaviorsofVietnam’sflounderingeconomy.MostofAmerica’smarketerssenttoVietnamweresmallchildrenduringthewar,andtheconflicthadlittlebearingontheirlives.Vietnam’sdecisionmakersontheotherhandwereprimarilyveteransoftheconflictandsawitasthekeyelementoftherelationship.Neithersidepaidattentiontotheother’sviewofhistorynortheresultshavebeendecidedlydisappointingforalmosteveryone.

1.Thepassagemainlydiscussesthat（）.

2.Itisadvisableforamarketerto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

4.TheCaucasianexampleindicatesthat（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

问题1选项

A.culturaldifferencesforcecompaniestoadjustschedule

B.marketingsuccessandfailurearemuchlikehistory

C.developingcountriesarehostiletodevelopedcountries

D.thehistoryofacountryorcultureinfluencesthemarket

问题2选项

A.understandthehistoryofacountryorculture

B.exploitthemarketwithgreateffort

C.keepaskepticaleyeonoverseascompanies

D.slowdownforeignoperations

问题3选项

A.Marketeersshouldberesponsiblefortheburdensofthepast.

B.Marketeersshouldseparatethemselvesfromtheirpersonalandculturalhistory.

C.Marketeersshoulddisagreeonracialprejudices.

D.Marketeersshouldtakecareofthewoundedinthewar.

问题4选项

A.SouthAfricansareplaguedwithaguiltyfeeling

B.SouthAfricansareoverlovedwiththeoverseasinvestment

C.SouthAfricansowedebtstoCaucasiancompany

D.SouthAfricancompaniestakeadvantageoftheircounterpart’sguiltyfeelings

问题5选项

A.ThefailureofthereopenedtradebetweenAmericanandVietnamshouldbetakenasalesson.

B.TheVietnamesetakeitforgrantedthattheAmericanbusinesscommunitywillinvestmoneyinVietnamtomakeupforpastwrongs.

C.TherelationshipbetweenVietnamandtheUSisagoodexampleofforgettingthepast.

D.Misinterpretinghistoryandcultureleadstobusinessfailure.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文开头“Everycountryandculture,whetherit’sasancientasIndiaorasyoungastheCzechRepublic,hasahistorythatwillgreatlyaffectboththemarketandthemarketer.每个国家和文化，无论是像印度一样古老还是像捷克共和国一样年轻，都有一段对市场和营销人员都有巨大影响的历史。并且文中列举了两个例子来论证一个国家的文化或历史会影响市场。故D项正确。/r/