环境工程专业英语翻译理论公开课一等奖省优质课大赛获奖课件

1专业英语翻译理论专业英语翻译理论2专业英语翻译理论范文：AerobicTreatment Aerobicmeansrequiringthepresenceoffreeoxygen.Aerobictreatmentofwasteisthenaturaldegradationandpurificationprocessinwhichbacteriathatthriveinoxygen-richenvironmentbreakdownanddigestthethewaste. Aerobicbacteriaarelikehumansinthattheyrequireoxygentosurviveandthrive.Thisistheprimarydifferencebetweenaerobicsystemsandsepticsystems,yousee.Septicsystemsdependonmuchlessefficientanaerobicbacteria.

3专业英语翻译理论 Duringthisoxidationprocess,pollutantsarebrokendownintocarbondioxide(CO2),water(H2O),nitrates,sulphatesandbiomass(micro-organisms).Byoptimizingtheoxygensupplywithso-calledaerators,theprocesscanbesignificantlyaccelerated.Ofallbiologicalwastetreatmentmethod,aerobicdigestionisthemostwidespeadprocessusedthroughouttheworld(morethan95%). Aerobicbacteriademandoxygentodecomposedissolvedpollutants.Largeamountsofpollutantsrequirelargequantitiesofbacteria;hencethedemandforoxygenwillbehigh. TheBiologicalOxygenDemand(BOD)isameasureofthequantityofdissolvedorganicpollutantsthatcanberemovedinbiologicaloxidationbythebacteria.Itisexpressedinmg/L.4专业英语翻译理论 TheChemicalOxygenDemand(COD)measuresthequantityofdissolvedorganicpollutantsthatcanberemovedinchemicaloxidation,byaddingstrongacids.Itisexpressedinmg/L. TheratioBOD/CODgivesanindicationofthefractionofpollutantsinthewastewaterthatisbiodegradable. Aerobicbacteriaareveryefficientinbreakingdownwasteproducts.Asaresult,aerobictreatmentusuallyyieldsbettereffluentqualitythanthatobtainedinanaerobicprocesses.5专业英语翻译理论1.专业英语翻译概论1.1专业英语特点1.1.1专业英语词汇特点①专业词汇出现频率低。②词义专一。③广泛是使用缩写词。如：CODchemicaloxygendemand化学需氧量BODbiochemicaloxygendemand生化需氧量TOCtotalorganiccarbon总有机碳DOdissolvedoxygen溶解氧6专业英语翻译理论POPspersistentorganicpollutants持久性有机污染物TSPtotalsuspendedparticle总悬浮颗粒TKNtotalKjeldahlnitrogen总凯氏氮UASBupflowanaerobicsludgeblanket上流式厌氧污泥床MBRmembranebioreactor膜生物反应器SBRsequencingbatchreactor间歇式活性污泥法1.1.2

专业英语句法特点①广泛使用陈说句。

Aerobicmeansrequiringthepresenceoffreeoxygen.Aerobictreatmentofwasteisthenaturaldegradationandpurificationprocessinwhichbacteriathatthriveinoxygen-richenvironmentbreakdownanddigestthethewaste.7专业英语翻译理论②广泛使用被动语态。Duringthisoxidationprocess,pollutantsarebrokendownintocarbondioxide(CO2),water(H2O),nitrates,sulphatesandbiomass(micro-organisms).Byoptimizingtheoxygensupplywithso-calledaerators,theprocesscanbesignificantlyaccelerated.被动语态在专业英语中使用比在其它场所更为广泛，主要因为被动句比主动句更能说明需要论证对象，更能使其位置鲜明、突出。8专业英语翻译理论③简略表示多。TheratioBOD/CODgivesanindicationofthefractionofpollutantsinthewastewaterthatisbiodegradable.④长句使用多。Aerobictreatmentofwasteisthenaturaldegradationandpurificationprocessinwhichbacteriathatthriveinoxygen-richenvironmentbreakdownanddigestthethewaste.主句带若干从句，从句带短语，短语带从句，相互依附，相互制约。9专业英语翻译理论 Floatingontheoceansare7,659trillion（万亿）metrictons（公吨）oficeencasedin（包含在）10,000icebergs（冰山）thatbreakawayfrom（脱离）thepolaricecaps,morethanninetypercentofthemfromAntarctica（南极洲）.句子倒置。

Floatingontheoceansare7,659trillionmetrictonsofice…多重修饰。

Iceencasedin10,000icebergsthatbreakawayfromthepolaricecaps,morethanninetypercentofthemfromAntarctica.10专业英语翻译理论Floatingontheoceansare7,659trillionmetrictonsoficeencasedin10,000icebergsthatbreakawayfromthepolaricecaps,morethanninetypercentofthemfromAntarctica.庖丁解牛。

iceencasedin10,000icebergsthatbreakawayfromthepolaricecaps,morethanninetypercentofthemfromAntarctica.就近修饰标准。Layer1:Iceencasedin10,000icebergsLayer2:icebergs thatbreakawayfromthepolaricecaps, icebergs morethanninetypercentofthemfromAntarctica.粗译：世界大洋里漂浮着7659万亿吨冰。这些冰包含在10000多个冰山里。这些冰山从极地冰盖脱落而产生；超出90%这些冰山起源于南极。11专业英语翻译理论1.1.3专业英语修辞特点①时态利用有限。过去研究—过去时（与现在不发生联络）；讨论理论用现在时。Biofiltrationtechniquefordisposingammonium-contaminatedgasstreamswasinvestigated.②修辞手法较为单调。12专业英语翻译理论③逻辑性语法词使用普遍。如：表示原因词：because,becauseof,dueto,owingto,as,asaresult,causedby,for表示语气转折词：but,however,nevertheless,yet,otherwise表示逻辑、顺利连接词：so,thus,therefore,furthermore,moreover,inadditionto表示限制词：only,ifonly,except,besides,unless表示假设词：suppose,supposing,assuming,provided,providing

Aerobicbacteriaareveryefficientinbreakingdownwasteproducts.Asaresult,aerobictreatmentusuallyyieldsbettereffluentqualitythanthatobtainedinanaerobicprocesses.13专业英语翻译理论1.2翻译基本知识1.2.1翻译标准①忠实：译文必须忠实、正确地传达原文内容。②通顺：译文语言必须规范、流畅、通俗易懂。14专业英语翻译理论1.2.2翻译过程了解---表示①翻译了解过程通读全文，领会大意。明辨语法，搞清关系。结合上下文，推敲词义。

Aerobicmeansrequiringthepresenceoffreeoxygen.Aerobictreatmentofwasteisthenaturaldegradationandpurificationprocessinwhichbacteriathatthriveinoxygen-richenvironmentbreakdownanddigestthewaste.15专业英语翻译理论②翻译表示过程a.一稿初译，忠实为主。b.二稿查对，注意逻辑。c.三稿定局，润色词句。③翻译方法直译意译

Aerobicmeansrequiringthepresenceoffreeoxygen.Aerobictreatmentofwasteisthenaturaldegradationandpurificationprocessinwhichbacteriathatthriveinoxygen-richenvironmentbreakdownanddigestthethewaste.16专业英语翻译理论2.词义选择和引申2.1词义选择2.1.1依据词类选择词义E.g.:like：像、一样、喜欢、希望、如同①Hewouldliketojoinourdiscussion.②Thingslikeair,waterormetalarematter.③Likechargesrepel（排斥）,unlikechargesattract.④IhopethatIcandrivethetractorlikeyoudo.

17专业英语翻译理论2.1.2依据词搭配关系选择词义E.g.:operate:操作、运转、完成、实施Thermalconvection（对流）willnotoperatedinzerogravity.Rockets（火箭）operateinthevacuum（真空）ofouterspaceaswellasintheearthatmosphere.Transistors(晶体管)operateascontroldevicesandamplifier.Theelectriccomputerscanoperateonlyaccordingtoinstructions（指令）,whichmustbepreparedbymaninadvance.18专业英语翻译理论

represent:代表，表示、相当于，是、提供、阐述Inorganicflocculantsrepresentnearly20%ofthetotalflocculants.Thematerialreferredtoas（被称为）“acidrain”representstheraindropsdissolvedCO2whichhaveapHof5.6.19专业英语翻译理论2.1.3依据单、复数及习惯表示选择词义E.g.:work,timeTheabilitytodoworkiscalledenergy.（功）Thisironandsteelworkswassetuplastyear.（工厂）Thetimeforthewatersupplyiscutbyhalf.AisthreetimesaslargeasB.2.1.4语言习惯转换E.g.:Magnetism(磁性）isusedtomeasurethecoldesttemperature.(很低）Light-coloredthingsreflectmorelightthandark-coloredthings.（深、浅）20专业英语翻译理论2.2词义引申2.2.1单词引申E.g.:Todayisthelinkbetweenyesterdayandtomorrow.（桥梁）Thiskindofwoodworkseasily.（加工）Thethickerthewirethemorefreelyitwillcarrycurrent载流.（轻易）21专业英语翻译理论2.2.2词组引申E.g.:Alloysbelongtoahalf-wayhousebetweenmixtureandcompounds.（中间结构）

Atpresentcoalisthemostcommonfoodofasteamplant.（能源）

Highconcentrationsofcriticalelements,suchaslead,arsenic,mercury,mayaffectthehumanhealth.

（微量）22专业英语翻译理论3.词类转换3.1非动词译成动词E.g.:Thecontrolunitofacomputercausesthemachinetooperateaccordingtoman’swish.计算机控制单元使机器人按照人意志运作。23专业英语翻译理论3.1.1名词转译为动词1.单独名词用作动词（1）动名词、动词派生名词，含有动作意义名词可直接译为动词E.g.:Intheabsenceoffriction摩擦,vehicles车辆couldnotevenstart.Controlofdissolvedoxygen,solidsretentiontimeandhydrolyticretentiontimeisnecessaryforefficienttreatmentofwastewater.c.Themainobjectofsedimentationistheseparationofclearwaterfrommixture.24专业英语翻译理论(2)一些加er或or名词，有时在句中并不表示一个人身份或职业，而含有较强动作意义，这种词汉译时可译为动词。E.g.:Talkingwithhisson,theoldmanwastheforgiveroftheyoungman’spastwrongdoings.ProfessorWangwastheinstructorofourexperiment.2.适合用于动词短语或介词短语中名词可译为动词。E.g.:Abodyisnegativelychargedwhenithaselectronsinexcessofitsnormalnumber.25专业英语翻译理论3.1.2.形容词译为动词1.英语中表示感觉、知觉、信念词，如familiar、confident、sensibleof等在句中作表语时，译成动词。E.g.:

Scientistsareconfidentthatallmatterisindestructible不可毁灭.Theyarequitecontentwiththedataobtainedfromtheexperiment.Wearenotsureabouttheeffectofthisparameteronthequalityoftheeffluent.26专业英语翻译理论2.有些要求有固定介词形容词在句中作表语或定语时，译成动词。E.g.:Thefinalproductmoisture湿度isdependentonfeedsizeandresidencetimeattemperature.Forlargersizefeed,driedproductmoisturelevelsarehigher.27专业英语翻译理论3.起形容词作用现在分词、过去分词和一些作定语或补语形容词，译为动词。E.g.:Thedesigncalculationwillserveasanillustrativeapplicationofthetheorysemiconductordevices半导体设备.3.1.3.介词译成动词E.g.:Numeroustreatmenttechnologyofwastewaterexist,eachwiththeirrespectivemerits优点.28专业英语翻译理论3.1.4副词译成动词E.g.:Theoilinthetankisup上升.Theexperimentinchemistrywastenminutesbehind（晚，落后）.29专业英语翻译理论3.2非名词译为名词3.2.1动词译成名词1.名词派生动词译成名词。E.g.:Computerischieflycharacterizedby(以…为特征）itsaccurateandrapidcomputations.Asthewarprogressed,hewouldsymbolize象征

theirfrustrations挫败,theembodiment化身ofevils邪恶.30专业英语翻译理论2.名词转用动词译成名词。E.g.:Coating涂层thicknessrangefromone-tenthmmto2mm.Thisarticleaimsatdiscussingnewdevelopmentincomponentmaterialandtechnologies.31专业英语翻译理论3.一些用以表示主语所处特征或状态动词，汉译时不好处理，也可将它们译成汉语名词。E.g.:Awelldressedman,wholookedandtalkedlikeanA