虚拟语气5 (11)课件

虚拟语气subjunctivemood

语气(mood):一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。三种语气:直陈语气（indicativemood）----事实

FranceliestotheeastofEngland.

祈使语气（imperativemood）----请求、命令

Makeyourselfathome.

虚拟语气（subjunctivemood)---主观的愿望、假想和建议

Iftherewerenoairandwater,weshouldnotbeabletoliveontheearth.虚拟语气Subjunctivemood名词性从句其它状语从句结束放映简单句简单句中的虚拟语气

情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时（表示说话人的礼貌、委婉的语气）

Wouldyoubekindenoughtoshowmethewaytothepostoffice?

Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.

表祝愿。

1、“may+动词原形”表示祝愿 ⑴、Maygoodluckbeyours!祝你好运！

⑵、Mayyoubehappy!祝你快乐！

⑶、Mayyoudoevenbetter!祝你取得更大成就！

⑷、Mayyouhaveagoodtime.祝愿你玩的痛快。

⑸、Maythefriendshipbetweenuslastlong. 2、用动词原形。

(1).Longlivethepeople!人民万岁！

(2).Haveagoodjourney!祝愿你旅途愉快！非真实条件句的虚拟语气(if条件句):

假设不可能或不大可能发生或实现

条件从句结果主句与现在事实

相反If+主语+pasttense,were主语+would/should/

could/mightdo与过去事实

相反If+主语+haddone主语+would/should/could/mighthavedone与将来事实

可能相反If+主语+did/shoulddo/weretodo主语+would/should/

could/mightdo与现在事实相反IfIwereyou,Iwouldaskourteacherforadvice.Iftheroomwerelarger,wewouldholdthepartythere.与过去事实相反IfIhadn’ttakenthewrongbus,Iwouldn’thavemissedthefilm.与将来事实可能相反IfIhadenoughmoneynextmonth,Iwouldbuyanew

Englishdictionary.IfIshouldbegivenmoretime,Iwouldrevisemyessayandhaveittyped.Ifheweretoleavetoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday.非真实条件句的虚拟语气(if条件句)错综时间的非真实条件句的虚拟语气(if条件句)

混合/错综时间的条件句/主句(主句和从句谓语动词的动作发生在不同时间)

Iftheyhadinvitedme,Iwouldgowiththemnow.

Ifyouwereinbetterhealth,wewouldhaveallowedyoutogo.无主句的条件句(语气）

IfonlyIhadbeenmorecareful! Ifonlyhewerehere省略

if的倒装条件句的虚拟语气省略

if的倒装条件句：从句中出现were,had,should时，可省略if,把were,had,should提到主语前。Werewetodotheworkagain,wewoulddosomeotherway.Shouldtherebeanytroublewiththecomputer,Iwouldturntomyfriendforhelp.Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,wewouldnothaveachievedsomuch.非真实条件句中的虚拟语气

1)虚拟条件句中be动词用were:IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepthisoffer.2）Should的用法：

主句中第一人称用should,其他人称用would；从句中，表与将来事实相反时，任何人称都用should,不可用would Ifitshouldraintomorrow,whatwouldyoudo?无论主句的动词是现在式或过去式，只要asif/though从句里的动词的时间与其同时，都用过去式；若从句的动词较主句动词早，或表示持续用haddone.Helooks/lookedasthoughhehadn’thadadecentmealforamonth.IamsohappythatIfeelasifIhadwingsandcouldfly.IwassohappythatIfeltasifIhadwingsandcouldfly.HeordersmeasifI

(be)hissecretary.HeorderedmeasifI

(be)hissecretaryHetalks/talkedaboutNewYorkasifhe

(be)therehimself.asif/asthoughinorderthat/sothat引导的目的状语从句 inorderthat,sothat常与will,may,can,should,could,would,might连用，sothat不可放句首。Hesenttheletterbyairinorderthat(sothat)itmightreachthemingoodtime.Inorderthatheshouldnotwakeuphiswife,hecameinquietly.whetherBack让步状语从句形式：whether…be,有时可将whether省去，把be提前。名词性从句中的虚拟语气主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句名词性从句中的虚拟语气

1）表建议、命令、要求、目的、愿望的动词或名词，所带的从句用虚拟：

suggest,order,demand,ask,command,propose,request,insist等表建议、要求的词构成的从句

+(should)+动词原形(主、宾、表、同位从句)Hesuggestedthatwe(should)leaveearlythenextmorning.It’ssuggested/requiredthatsb.(should)do…One’ssuggestion/proposal/idea/planisthatsb.(should)do..Weacceptedhissuggestionthatwe(should)leaveearlythenextmorning.2)wish所带的宾语从句用虚拟(ifonly引导的虚拟从句，形式、意义与wish相同)：

与现在情况相反的愿望：wish+主语+did/were

与过去情况相反的愿望：wish+主语+haddoneorwish…

could(would)havedone

与将来情况相反的愿望：wish+主语+would(might,could)do

Iwish(Ifonly)Icouldhavegonetothemovieswithyoulastnight.IfonlyIhadnotwastedthetimeatschool.Youaremakingalotofnoise.Ifonly(Iwish)youwouldleavehereassoonaspossible.其他句型中的虚拟语气

1）

wouldrather,wouldprefer（宁愿、但愿）+did…(表现在或将来)wouldrather,wouldprefer+haddone（表过去）IwouldratherIhadnotdonethework.Iwouldratheryoustayedathome.(Iwouldratherstayathome.)2)Itis(high/about)time+…did…(orshould+do…)

Itistimewewentschool.Itistimetheboys(should)gotoschool.1.Ifyou__(gotup)earlier,youwouldhavecaughtthebus.2.Ifit____(rain)tomorrow,wewouldn’thavethesports-meet.3.Heorderedthatthebooks________(send)atonce.4.–Wouldyoucomeandjoinus?4.IwishI____(can).ButI’mbusyatthatmoment.5.Ifhehadlistenedtotheteachercarefully,he________(know)theanswertothequestionnow.6.HadIknownthat,I_____________(do)so.7.Thankyou,Tom.Withoutyourhelp,we______somuchprogressinourwork.A.

can’tmakeB.couldn’tmakeC.couldn’thavemadeD.shouldn’thavemade.9.Thankyou,Tom.Withoutyourhelp,we______somuchprogressinourwork.A.

can’tmakeB.couldn’tmakeC.couldn’thavemadeD.shouldn’thavemade.10.–NoonewaspreparedforMr.Hill’squestion.--Iguesswe________thelessonlastnight.A.couldreadB.oughttoreadC.shouldhavereadD.read11.Ifyou___himaboutit,he____howtodoitnow.A.

hadtold/wouldknowB.

hadtold/wouldhaveknownC.toldwouldknowD.told/knows1.

---Davidshouldn’twearsucholdclothestotheoffice.---Iagree.Icertainlywish_____somenewones.A.hewillbyB.heshouldbuyC.he’dbuyD.he’sthought2.---Whydidn’tyougotothedancelastnight?--IfI_____tired,IwouldhaveA.werenotB.hadn’tC.haven’tbeenD.hadn’tbeen3.

---Thehouse_____---Fortunately.Thefirewassoonputout.A.wouldbeburntdownB.hadbeenburntdownC.shouldhavebeenburntdownD.wouldhavebeenburntdown4.

---HasNancyfinishedtyping