虚拟语气 1课件

虚拟语气

TheSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气

1）概念

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。2）在条件句中的应用

条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。1真实条件句

真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是如果的意思。

时态关系

句型：条件从句主句

一般现在时shall/will+动词原形

Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.

A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined

答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。2非真实条件句

1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。a.同现在事实相反的假设。

句型：条件从句主句

一般过去时should(would)+动词原形Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。

句型：条件从句主句

过去完成时should(would)have+过去分词Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.

IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.含义：Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.含义：Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.c.表示对将来的假想

句型：条件从句主句一般过去时should+动词原形were+不定式would+动词原形should+动词原形Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.

Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.

Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.3混合条件句

主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).4虚拟条件句的倒装

虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略，再把were,should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.

=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim

=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.

=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Ifitweretorain,thecropswouldbesaved.5特殊的虚拟语气词：should

1）Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should加动词原形，should可省略。句型：

(1)suggested

Itis(2)importantthat…+(should)do

(3)apity(1)suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted；+(should)do(2)important,necessary,natural,strange

apity,ashame,nowonder.(3)Itissuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.

Itisnecessarythathe(should)cometoourmeetingtomorrow.

判断改错:

Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.

Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.

Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.

Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.（F）(T)(F)(T)3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用

在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.

Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一样高。Hewishedhehadn‘tsaidthat.他希望他没讲那样的话。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。2）wishtodo表达法。

wishsb/sthtodoIwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.7比较ifonly与onlyif

onlyif表示"只有"；ifonly则表示"如果……就好了"。Ifonly也可用于陈述语气。Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。Ifonlyhecomesearly.但愿他早点回来.8.Itis(high)timethat

Itis(high)timethat后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.9need"不必做"和"本不该做"

didn'tneedtodo表示：过去不必做某事,事实上也没做。.needn'thavedone表示：过去不必做某事,但事实上做了。JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,soshedidn'tneedtowalkbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,sosheneedn'thavewalkedbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家，没有遇上John的车。)典型例题

Therewasplentyoftime.She___.

A.mustn‘thavehurriedB.couldn’thavehurriedC.mustnothurryD.needn'thavehurried答案D。needn'thavedone.意为"本不必"，即已经做了某事，而实际上不必要。mustn'thavedone用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn'thavedone,"不可能已经"。mustnotdo不可以（用于一般现在时）4.Ifonlyyou_____himwhatIsaid!Everythingwouldhavebeenallright.A)didn'ttoldB)hadn'ttoldC)wouldnottellD)wouldhavenottold5.Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhe_____herethen.A)wouldhavebeenB)hadbeenC)shouldhavebeenD)couldbe6.Muchlabourwouldhavebeensavediftheelectroniccomputers______before.A)hadinventedB)wereinventedC)shouldhavebeeninventedD)hadbeeninventedBCD7._____ceaseadvertising,priceswouldbesignificantlyreduced.A)WeretheytoB)CouldtheyC)IftheyD)Wouldthey8.Fiveminutesearlier,andwe_____thelastbus.A)hadcaughtB)shouldhavecaughtC)couldhavecaughtD)caught9.You_____theclothes!Wehaveawasherwomantodothatsortofthing.A)shouldn'thavewashedB)mustn'thavewashedC)cannothavewashedD)needn'thavewashedACD13.Youdon'thavetobeinsuchahurry.Iwouldratheryou____onbusinessfirst.(98-1-59)A)wouldgoB)willgoC)wentD)havegone14.Itisimportantthatenoughmoney____tofundtheproject.A)becollectedB)mustbecollectedC)wascollectedD)canbecollected15.Ifonlythecommittee_____theregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.A)approveB)willapproveC)canapproveD)wouldapproveCAD16.Idon'tthinkitadvisablethatTom____tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.A)isassignedB)willbeassignedC)beassignedD)hasbeenassigned17.You_____herinherofficelastFriday;she'sbeenoutoftownfortwoweeks.A)needn'thaveseenB)musthaveseenC)mighthaveseenD)can'thaveseen18.Wedidn'tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewe____him.A)wouldhavetelephonedB)musthavetelephonedC)wouldtelephoneD)hadtelephonedCDA22.You_____totowntoseethefilmlastweek.ItwillbeonTVtomorrow.A)needn'tgoB)shouldnotgoC)hadbetternotgoD)needn'thavegone23.Withallthisworkonhand,he_____tothecinemalastnight.A)mustn'tgoB)wouldn'tgoC)oughtn'ttogoD)shouldn'thavegone24.Itwasessentialthattheapplicationforms______backbeforethedeadline(截止日期)A)mustbesentB)wouldbesentC)besentD)weresentDDC25.IfI___theopportunityIwouldnothavemissedit.A)hadgivenB)hadbeengivingC)wasgivenD)hadbeengiven26.Ifwe_____yesterday,we_____thework.A)weren'tinterrupted..,wouldfinishB)didn'tinterrupt..,wouldhavefinishedC)hadn'tbeeninterrupted..,wouldhavefinishedD)hadn'tinterrupted..,wouldhavefinished27.Askhimtoringmeupifyou____him.A)shouldseeB).sawC)wouldseeD)willseeDCA28.Yourexaminationresultswerequitesatisfactory,but___ifyouhadspentlesstimeinplayingfootball?A)wouldn'ttheyhavebeenbetterC)won'ttheybebetterB)wouldn'ttheybebetterD)won'ttheyhavebeenbetter29.Ididn'tknowthisPicassoexhibitwasclosed,butIwouldn'thavebeenabletocomeevenif_____aboutit.A)IknowB)IhavebeenknowingC)I'dknownD)I'veknown30.Ifhe_____hardinthepastfiveyears,thingswouldn'tbegoingsosmoothly.A)hadnotbeenworkingB)wasnotworkingC)hasnotbeenworkingD)werenotworkingACA34.Hedoesn'tdaretoleavethehouseincase____.A)hewillrecognizeB)heisrecognizedC)heshouldberecognizedD)herecognize35.Heisworkinghardforfearthathe____.A)fellbehindB)shouldfallbehindC)mayfallbehindD)wouldfallbehind36.Thedriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit____ontheway.A)breaksdownB)wouldbreakdownC)brokedownD)shouldbreakdownCBD37.Itishighlydesirablethatanewchairman_____forthecommittee.A)willbeelectedC)electB)iselectedD)beelected38.Itisrequestedthateverystudent____aplanforthenextsemester.A)makesB)willmakeC)makeD)wouldmake39.Thelibrarianrecommendedthattheprofessor_____thenewlypublishedbook.A)borrowC)shouldhaveborrowedB)borrowedD)borrowingDCA40.Ifthey______thecontractaheadoftime,theycouldnothavemissedtheplan.A)signedB)wouldhavesignedC)hadsignedD)shouldsign41.Idon'tthinkitadvisablethathe_____tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.A)beassignedB)isassignedC)willbeassignedD)hasbeenassigned42.Whatdoyouthinkofhisproposalthatwe_____putonaplayattheEnglishevening?A)willB)shouldC)hasD)haveCAB43.Hemusthavemissedthetrain,otherwisehe____t