考研考博-英语-中国矿业大学（北京）押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国矿业大学（北京）押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.翻译题

Anotherinnovationwillmakethosehard-to-rememberpasswordsobsolete.Soon,inordertoaccessoure-mailorbankaccount,we’lluseatechnologyknownasbiometrics.Atinysensorcouldconfirmyouridentitybyrecognizingtheuniquepatternsintheretinaofyoureye.“Imaginethatthingsrecognizeyou,”Meyersonsays.“YouwalkuptoanATM.Ittakesonelookatyouandsays,‘Yep,you’reyou.’”Withinfiveyears,it’spossiblewe’llnolongerbeinundatedwithjunkmail,becauseanewelectronicdevicewilldeleteitbeforeweeverseeit.“Thatdevice,asyouactuponit,asyoueliminatemail,youdon’treadit,youjustlookatitandkillit,”Meyersonsays,“afterawhileitlearnsyourhabitsandworksasyourassistantbyeliminatingstuffyouneverwantedanyway.Weanticipatethat,infiveyears,betterthan80percentofcoverageoftheworldpopulationsbycellularphonesandsmartphones.Atthispoint,imaginehaving,forinstance,theabilitytospeakopenlywithanybodyanywhere,anytimeandinanylanguage,real-timetranslation—literallytheoldStarTrekideaofauniversaltranslatorcomingtobe.”

【答案】答：

另一项科技创新将让那些难记的密码消失。不久，我们将能用一种被称为生物辨识的科技进入电邮信箱或银行帐号。这种小型的传感可以通过识别你独有的视网膜来确认你的身份。梅尔森说：“想象一下这个小东西记得你。你走到一个提款机，传感器看了你一眼说，‘嘿，我知道你是谁。’”在5年内，我们将不会再被垃圾邮件淹没，因为一个新的电子装置将在我们看到垃圾邮件前就把它删掉了。梅尔森说：“打开此装置，在你删邮件的时候，你不用读邮件，你只要看它一眼然后删掉。如此过一阵子，这个装置就把你的习惯学起来，就像你的助理一样帮你删掉你不想看的邮件。我们预期5年内世界超过80%人口将拥有移动电话和智能手机。到时，想象一下，比如，我们可以随时随地与说任意一种语言的人讲话，这种实时翻译的能力不就是《星际迷航》的宇宙翻译者的概念！”

2.单选题

Mrs.Greenhasbeenlivingintownonlyoneyear,yetsheseemstobe（）witheveryonewhocomestothestore.

问题1选项

A.accepted

B.admitted

C.admired

D.acquainted

【答案】D

【解析】acquaint使认识,

使了解；accept接受；admit招收,

承认；admire

钦佩,

赞美,

羡慕。beacquaintedwithsb.为固定搭配，意为与...相识。句意：格林夫人在城里只住了一年，但她似乎认识来商店的每一个人。

3.单选题

Manyyoungpeopletake（

）radiostothebeachwiththem.

问题1选项

A.liable

B.portable

C.purchasable

D.cherishable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。liable“有责任的，有义务的”；portable“手提的，便携式的”；purchasable“可买的，可买到的”；cherishable“值得珍惜的”。句意：很多年轻人带着便携式收音机去沙滩。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneonamassbasisortofindthegiftedfewandtakethemasfarastheycango,ourtaskwouldbefairlysimple.Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.Becausewedependsoheavilyuponscienceandtechnologyforourprogress,wemustproducespecialistsinmanyfields.Becauseweliveinademocraticnation,whosecitizensmakethepoliciesforthenation,largenumbersofusmustbeeducatedtounderstand,tosupport,andwhennecessary,tojudgetheworkofexperts.Thepublicschoolmusteducatebothproducersandusersofscientificservices.

Ineducation,thereshouldbeagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledgethatcontributetoeffectivethinkingandwisejudgment.Suchbalanceisdefeatedbytoomuchemphasisonanyonefield.Thisquestionofbalanceinvolvesnotonlytherelationofthenaturalscience,thesocialsciences,andtheartsbutalsorelativeemphasesamongthenaturalsciencesthemselves.

Similarly,wemusthaveabalancebetweencurrentandclassicalknowledge.Theattentionofthepubliciscontinuallydrawntonewpossibilitiesinscientificfieldsandthediscoveryofnewknowledge;theseshouldnotbeallowedtoturnourattentionawayfromthesound,establishedmaterialsthatformthebasisofcoursesforbeginners.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,thetaskofeducationisfairlycomplicatedbecause________.

2.WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.

4.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe________.

问题1选项

A.thecurrentpublicschoolsystemistoocomplicatedtobeunderstood

B.thepublicschoolsystemhasnochoiceofwhattoteach

C.itisdifficulttodecidewhetherelementaryscienceshouldbetaughtinpublicschools

D.theeducatorshavetotakecareofbothordinaryandgiftedstudents

问题2选项

A.Oneofthemajortasksofeducationistodiscoverthemostpromisingstudents.

B.Inordertoteacheffectively,educatorsarerequestedtolayemphasisononeparticularfield.

C.Somesubjectshavebeenover-emphasizedinpublicschools.

D.Theprogressofthesocietycannotmerelyrelyoninventors.

问题3选项

A.sufficientattentionshouldbegiventobasicknowledge

B.studentsshouldlearnmoreup-to-dateknowledge

C.lackofscientificknowledgewillleadtopoorrelationsbetweenproducersandusersofscientificservices

D.studentsaregettingtoknowtheimportanceofagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledge

问题4选项

A.CurrentSysteminEducation

B.EducationalSituationinPublicSchool

C.BalanceinEducation

D.ImportanceofTeachingScienceandTechnology

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

Accordingtothefirstparagraph,thetaskofeducationisfairlycomplicatedbecause________.根据第一段，教育的任务相当复杂，因为________。

A.thecurrentpublicschoolsystemistoocomplicatedtobeunderstoodA.目前的公立学校系统太复杂了，难以理解

B.thepublicschoolsystemhasnochoiceofwhattoteachB.公立学校系统对于所教内容没有选择的自由

C.itisdifficulttodecidewhetherelementaryscienceshouldbetaughtinpublicschoolsC.很难决定是否应该在公立学校教授基础科学

D.theeducatorshavetotakecareofbothordinaryandgiftedstudentsD.教育工作者必须既照顾普通学生也照顾有天赋的学生

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干中信息词taskofeducation定位到第一段第一、二句，该处讲到“如果只需要决定是大规模地向每个人教授基础科学，还是找到少数有天赋的人，并让他们走得尽可能远，我们的任务就相当简单了（taskwouldbefairlysimple）。然而，公立学校系统没有这样的选择，因为工作必须同时进行（jobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime）。”，可知教育复杂在同时教育在某方面普通的学生和有天赋的学生，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“目前的公立学校系统太复杂了，难以理解”：文中没有提到公立学校系统复杂，属于无中生有；

B选项“公立学校系统对于所教内容没有选择的自由”：学校不能选择教什么样的学生，而不是不能选择教什么知识，属于偷换概念；

C选项“很难决定是否应该在公立学校教授基础科学”：已经做出了决定，并且这个决定是必须的，那就是在公立学校教授基础科学，属于反向干扰。

第2题:【选项释义】

WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?以下哪一点文中没有包含在内？

A.Oneofthemajortasksofeducationistodiscoverthemostpromisingstudents.A.教育的主要任务之一是发现最有前途的学生。

B.Inordertoteacheffectively,educatorsarerequestedtolayemphasisononeparticularfield.B.为了有效地教学，教育工作者被要求着重于一个特定的领域。

C.Somesubjectshavebeenover-emphasizedinpublicschools.C.公立学校过分强调某些科目。

D.Theprogressofthesocietycannotmerelyrelyoninventors.D.社会的进步不能仅仅依靠发明家。

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】此题定位到第一段第三句“由于我们的进步如此依赖科学技术，我们必须培养许多领域的专家（mustproducespecialistsinmanyfields）。”，可知教育工作者不只教授一个特定领域的内容，和文章内容不符，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“教育的主要任务之一是发现最有前途的学生”：对应第一段第一、二句“如果只需要决定是大规模地向每个人教授基础科学，还是找到少数有天赋的人（findthegiftedfew）……工作必须同时进行（jobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime）。”，可知发现有天赋的学生是教育的主要任务之一，和文章内容相符，属于反向干扰；

C选项“公立学校过分强调某些科目”：对应第二句第一、二句“知识的各个分支之间应该有一个良好的平衡（goodbalance）……过分强调任何一个领域都会打破这种平衡（balanceisdefeatedbytoomuchemphasisonanyonefield）。”，以及第三段第二句“公众的注意力不断被吸引到科学领域的新可能性和新知识的发现（drawntonewpossibilitiesinscientificfieldsandthediscoveryofnewknowledge）。”，可知过分强调科学领域让知识的各个分支之间打破了平衡，符合文章内容，属于反向干扰；

D选项“社会的进步不能仅仅依靠发明家”：对应第一段最后一句“公立学校必须教育科学服务的生产者和使用者（bothproducersandusersofscientificservices）。”，可知社会的进步不仅仅依靠发明家，符合文章内容，属于反向干扰。

第3题:【选项释义】

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.从文章中可以推断出________。

A.sufficientattentionshouldbegiventobasicknowledgeA.应该对基础知识给予足够的重视

B.studentsshouldlearnmoreup-to-dateknowledgeB.学生应该学习更多的最新知识

C.lackofscientificknowledgewillleadtopoorrelationsbetweenproducersandusersofscientificservicesC.科学知识的缺乏将导致科学服务的生产者和使用者之间的不良关系

D.studentsaregettingtoknowtheimportanceofagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledgeD.学生们逐渐认识到各个知识分支之间保持良好平衡的重要性

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】此题定位到第三段最后一句，该处讲到“这些不应该让我们的注意力从为初学者建立课程基础这一事情（establishedmaterialsthatformthebasisofcoursesforbeginners）转移开。”，可知应该重视基础知识，因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“学生应该学习更多的最新知识”：对应第三段第一、二句“我们必须在现有知识和经典知识之间取得平衡（balancebetweencurrentandclassicalknowledge）。公众的注意力不断被吸引到科学领域的新可能性和新知识的发现（thediscoveryofnewknowledge）。”，需要平衡经典知识和新知识的学习，然而现在更多注意力放在了新知识，可知学生应该学习更多经典知识，属于偷换概念；

C选项“科学知识的缺乏将导致科学服务的生产者和使用者之间的不良关系”：第一段第三句提出科学知识的作用，也就是“由于我们的进步如此依赖科学技术（dependsoheavilyuponscienceandtechnology），我们必须培养许多领域的专家。”；第四句提出广泛教育的作用，也就是“我们中的许多人必须接受教育，以便于理解、支持并在必要时评判专家的工作（understand,tosupport,andwhennecessary,tojudgetheworkofexperts）”；第五句点出科学知识教育和广泛教育结合的重要性，也就是这两种知识服务于“教育科学服务的生产者和使用者”。综上所述，科学知识和广泛教育的缺乏都会导致生产者和使用者之间的不良关系，属于以偏概全；

D选项“学生们逐渐认识到各个知识分支之间保持良好平衡的重要性”：文章没有提到学生的观点，属于无中生有。

第4题:【选项释义】

Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe________.这篇文章最好的标题是________。

A.CurrentSysteminEducationA.现行教育制度

B.EducationalSituationinPublicSchoolB.公立学校的教育情况

C.BalanceinEducationC.教育的平衡

D.ImportanceofTeachingScienceandTechnologyD.科学技术教学的重要性

【答案】C

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】第一段通过点出教育的现状引出第二段的观点，也就是一边教育科学技术领域的专家（specialistsinmanyfields），一边让许多人接受教育（largenumbersofusmustbeeducatedtounderstand）以维持社会制度的运行；第二段进一步提出需要在知识的各个分支之间保持平衡（agoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledge）；第三段讲需要在新知识和经典知识之间保持平衡（balancebetweencurrentandclassicalknowledge），并且提出现在的教育已经失衡。综上所述，本文讲述了教育失衡的具体表现，并且呼吁重视教育平衡，因此C选项正确。

A选项“现行教育制度”，B选项“公立学校的教育情况”和D选项“科学技术教学的重要性”：是文章的部分内容，不能概括全文，属于偷换概念。

5.单选题

Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyth.Atthetopofthelististhenotionthatintelligenceismeasuredbyyourabilitytosolvecomplexproblems;toread,writeandcomputeatcertainlevels;andtoresolveabstractequationsquickly.Thisvisionofintelligenceassertsformaleducationandbookishexcellenceasthetruemeasuresofself-fulfillment.Itencouragesakindofintellectualprejudicethathasbroughtwithitsomediscouragingresults.Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldiscipline,is“intelligent”.Yetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates.Atruerindicatorofintelligenceisaneffective,happylifelivedeachdayandeachpresentmomentofeveryday.

Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson.Problemsolvingisausefulhelptoyourhappiness,butifyouknowthatgivenyourinabilitytoresolveaparticularconcernyoucanstillchoosehappinessforyourself,orataminimumrefusetochooseunhappiness,thenyouareintelligent.YouareintelligentbecauseyouhavetheultimateweaponagainstthebigN.B.D.—NervousBreakDown.

“Intelligent”peopledonothaveN.B.D.sbecausetheyareinchargeofthemselves.Theyknowhowtochoosehappinessoverdepression;becausetheyknowhowtodealwiththeproblemsoftheirlives.

Youcanbegintothinkofyourselfastrulyintelligentonthebasisofhowyouchoosetofeelinthefaceoftryingcircumstances.Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus.Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsineverysocialcontexthassimilardifficulties.Disagreements,conflictsandcompromisesareapartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.Similarly,money,growingold,sickness,deaths,naturaldisastersandaccidentsarealleventswhichpresentproblemstovirtuallyallhumanbeings.Butsomepeopleareabletomakeit,toavoidimmobilizingdepressionandunhappinessdespitesuchoccurrences,whileotherscollapseorhaveaN.B.D.Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon’tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumanweknow;also,themostrare.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,theconventionalnotionofintelligencemeasuredintermsofone’sabilitytoread,writeandcompute（

）.

2.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatholdingauniversitydegree

（

）.

3.Theauthorthinksthatanintelligentpersonknows

（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthortellsusthat

（

）.

5.Whatkindofpeoplearerareaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.iswidelyheldbutwrongconcept

B.willhelpeliminateintellectualprejudice

C.istherootofallmentaldistress

D.willcontributetoone’sself-fulfillment

问题2选项

A.mayresultinone’sinabilitytosolvecomplexreal-lifeproblems

B.doesnotindicateone’sabilitytowriteproperlywordeddocuments

C.maymakeonementallysickandphysicallyweak

D.doesnotmeanthatoneishighlyintelligent

问题3选项

A.howtoputupwithsomeveryprevalentmyths

B.howtofindthebestwaytoachievesuccessinlife

C.howtoavoiddepressionandmakehislifeworthwhile

D.howtopersuadeotherstocompromise

问题4选项

A.difficultiesarebutpartofeveryone’slife

B.depressionandunhappinessareunavoidableinlife

C.everybodyshouldlearntoavoidtryingcircumstances

D.goodfeelingscancontributetoeventualacademicexcellence

问题5选项

A.Thosewhodon’temphasizebookishexcellenceintheirpursuitofhappiness.

B.Thosewhoareawareofdifficultiesinlifebutknowhowtoavoidunhappiness.

C.ThosewhomeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsbutseldomsufferfromN.B.

D.s.D.Thosewhoareabletosecurehappinessthoughhavingtostruggleagainsttryingcircumstances.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题目问的是“在传统概念中，智力是根据人的读、写和计算能力来衡量的，作者对此的看法是什么？”文章第一段第一句提到“掌控自己能让一些流行的错误观念结束”（Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyth），接着作者又提到位于这些错误观念之首的便是智力的诠释。因此，在作者看来，认为“智力是根据人的读写和计算能力来衡量”是错误的，选项A符合题意。

第2题:推理判断题。题目问的是“文章中暗示拥有大学学位意味着什么？”文章第一段提到“我们开始相信一个拥有教育荣誉徽章并且擅长某一学科的人是有‘智力’的。然而精神病院很多病人拥有所有形式的证书”（Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldiscipline,is“intelligent”.Yetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates），由此可知，学历并不代表智力。选项D符合题意。

第3题:细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为拥有智力的人知道什么？”文章第二段第一句提到“如果你快乐，如果你每时每刻都为值得的一切生活，那么你就是一个有智力的人”（Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson），所以在作者看来，有智力的人知道怎样让自己的人生有价值，选项C符合题意。

第4题:细节事实题。题目问的是“作者在最后一段告诉了我们什么？”文章最后一段第二、三句提到“我们每个人都要为生存而斗争，这都是一样的。每个人都与他相关联的人有着相似的困难”（Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus.Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsineverysocialcontexthassimilardifficulties），说明每个人在生活中都会遇上困难，但这只是生活的一部分，选项A符合题意。

第5题:细节事实题。题目问的是“由文章可知哪种人很少见？”文章最后一段最后一句话提到“坦诚问题是生活状况的一部分，并且不以‘没有问题’作为衡量快乐的标准的人是有智力的人，但是这种人很稀少”（Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon’tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumanweknow;also,themostrare），因此选项B“意识到生活中的困难，但是知道如何避免不快乐的人”符合题意。

6.单选题

Occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving.Themakingandsellingofdrugshasalonghistoryandiscloselylinked,likemedicalpracticeitself,withthebeliefinmagic.Onlyduringthelasthundredyearsorsohasthedevelopmentofscientifictechniquesmadeitpossibleforsomeofthecausesofsymptomstobeunderstood,sothatmoreaccuratediagnosishasbecomepossible.Thedoctorisnowabletofollowupthecorrectdiagnosisofmanyillnesseswithspecifictreatmentoftheircauses.Inmanyotherillnesses,ofwhichthecausesremainunknown,itisstilllimited,liketheunqualifiedprescribes,tothetreatmentofsymptoms.Thedoctoristrainedtodecidewhentotreatsymptomsonlyandwhentoattackthecause:thisistheessentialdifferencebetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication.

Theadvanceoftechnologyhasbroughtaboutmuchprogressinsomefieldsofmedicine,includingthedevelopmentofscientificdrugtherapy.Inmanycountriespublichealthorganizationisimprovingandpeople’snutritionalstandardshavearisen.Parallelwithsuchbeneficialtrendsaretwowhichhaveanadverseeffect.Oneistheuseofhigh-pressureadvertisingbythepharmaceuticalindustry,whichhastendedtoinfluencebothpatientsanddoctorsandhasledtotheoveruseofdrugsgenerally.Theotheristheemergenceofthesedentarysocietywithitsfaultywaysoflife:lackofexercise,over-eating,unsuitableeating,insufficientsleep,excessivesmokinganddrinking.Peoplewithdisordersarisingfromfaultyhabitssuchasthese,aswellasfromunhappyhumanrelationships,oftenresorttoself-medicationandsoaddthetakingofpharmaceuticalstothelist.Advertisersgotogreatlengthstocatchthismarket.

Cleveradvertising,aimedatchronicsuffererswhowilltryanythingbecausedoctorshavenotbeenabletocurethem,caninducesuchfaithinapreparation,particularlyifsteeplypriced,thatitwillproduce-bysuggestion-averyrealeffectinsomepeople.Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime.

Thesearethemainreasonswhylaxatives,indigestionremedies,painkillers,tonics,vitaminandirontabletsandmanyotherpreparationsarefoundinquantityinmanyhouseholds.Itisdoubtfulwhethertakingthesethingseverimprovesaperson’shealth;itmayevenmakeitworse.Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought.

1.Thefirstparagraphisintendedto（

）.

2.Advertisementsareaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintsbecause

（

）.

3.Paragraphs2and3explain

（

）.

4.InParagraph4theauthorillustrates

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe（

）.

问题1选项

A.suggestthatself-medicationhasalonghistory

B.distinguishbetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication

C.praisedoctorsfortheirexpertise

D.tellthesymptomsfromthecauses

问题2选项

A.theyoftenwatchadsonTV

B.theyaremorelikelytobuythedrugsadvertised

C.theygenerallyleadasedentarylife

D.theydon’ttaketosportsandeasilycatchcolds

问题3选项

A.thatgoodthingsarenotwithoutsideeffects

B.whycleveradvertisingissopowerful

C.whyinmodemtimesself-medicationisstillpracticed

D.whypeopledevelopfaultywaysoflife

问题4选项

A.thereasonsforkeepingmedicinesathome

B.people’sdoubtabouttakingdrugs

C.whyitmaybeworsetotakedrugsbyoneself

D.thepossibleharmsself-medicationmaydotopeople

问题5选项

A.MedicalPractice

B.CleverAdvertising

C.Self-medication

D.Self-treatment

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.考察推理判断。文章第一段第一句occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving提到偶尔的自我治疗已经成了人们正常生活中的一部分，接下来又提到了由于近百年来科学技术的发展，使得制药跟买药的现象越来越普遍，这些都是说明自我治疗已经有一段很长的历史了。选项A符合题意。

2.考察推理判断。文章第三段倒数第二句Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime提到广告人将目标定在那些得感冒或者咳嗽的人身上，因为得这些小毛病的人都愿意在短时间内自行买药治疗，选项B符合题意。

3.考察细节事实。文章第二段提到科技进步带动了医学的进步，但是医学进步又产生了两个不利的影响，一是各种医药广告盛行甚至导致过度服用药物，二是久坐不动的现象越发严重，人们不爱运动、过度饮食、抽烟等各种不好的生活习惯。文章第三段主要讲述了聪明的广告人针对有需要的人打广告。这两段讲述了由于生活习惯，由于广告的影响，人们愿意去买药物自行治疗。选项C符合题意。

4.考察细节事实。文章第四段主要讲述了自我治疗是否会导致情况更遭：Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought，列举出了很多情况，比如购买的药物可能有不恰当的成分、使用者会依赖这些药物、使用者可能过去食用等等。选项D符合题意。

5.考察主旨大意。文章第一段讲述了自我治疗的历史；第二段讲述了自我治疗出现的原因；第三段讲述了广告商对自我治疗产生的影响；第四段讲述了自我治疗有可能会引发的问题。由此可知，全文都是在讲述自我治疗。选项C符合题意。

7.单选题

Opponentsofaffirmativeactionsaythebattleovertheuseofraceincollegeadmissionsishardlyover,despitetheSupremeCourt’srulingMondayupholdingthegoalofadiversestudentbody.Highereducationleadersoverwhelminglyhailedthedecision,sayingitreaffirmedpoliciesusedbymostselectivecollegesanduniversities.Butsomecriticsraisedthepossibilityofmorelawsuits,andpromisedtocontinuepressuringtheDepartmentofEducation’sOfficeofCivilRightstoinvestigatequestionablepolicies.“We’retalkingaboutadmissionsprograms,scholarships,anyprogram,onlyforminoritiesorinwhichthestandardsusedtojudgeadmissionsaresubstantiallydifferent.”saysLindaChavez,founderandpresidentoftheCenterforEqualOpportunity,aconservativenon-profitgroup.

Otherssaythey'lltaketheircasetovoters.“Wehavetoseriouslycontestallthisattheballotbox.”SaysUniversityofCaliforniaregentWardCannerly,whohelpedwinvoterapprovalofCalifornia'sProposition209,whichprohibitsconsideringraceorgenderinpubliceducation,hiringandcontracting.Becauseofthatlaw,Monday’srulinghadnopracticalimpactinthestate.“Itmaybetimeforusto...letthe(Michigan)votersdecideiftheywanttouseraceasafactorinadmissions.”ConnerlysaidMonday.

Meanwhile,U.S.EducationSecretaryRodPaige,consistentwithPresidentBush'sstanceopposingaffirmativeaction,saidtheDepartmentofEducationwill“continueexaminingandhighlightingeffectiverace-neutralapproachestoensurebroadaccesstoanddiversitywithinourpublicinstitutions.”EvenSupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connor,inoneoftheopinions,recommendedthatstateslookforsessionsinrace-neutralprogramsbeingtriedinCaliforniaandelsewhere.Whiletherulingsaidadmissionsofficialsmayconsiderraceintheselectionprocess,collegesanduniversitiesarenotobligatedtodoso.“Ultimatelyinthedebate,diversityisachoice,notalegalmandate,’’saysArthurColeman,aformerDepartmentofEducationofficialwhonowhelpscollegesanduniversitiesensureconstitutionalpolicies.

Thepublic,too,remainsconflicted,largelyalongraciallines.AccordingtoaJanuarypollbythenon-profitresearchorganizationPublicAgenda,79%ofAmericanssaiditisimportantforcollegestohavearaciallydiversestudentbody,whilejust54%saidaffirmativeactionprogramsshouldcontinue.InaGalluppollconducteddaysbeforetheruling,49%ofadultssaidtheyfavoraffirmativeactionand43%didnot,withblacksandHispanicsfarmorelikelytofavorthepracticethanwhites.AndsomeeducatorsdoubtthatwithMonday’sruling,thoseopposingaffirmativeactionwillchangetheirminds.

Fornow,admissionsofficialsanduniversitylawyersareporingovertherulingtodeterminehoworwhethertoadjustpolicies.Whilemosttendtobeclosed-mouthedaboutadmissionspolicies,maysaytheydon’texpectsignificantchanges.

1.Whatthecriticssaidinthefirstparagraphamountstotheideathat（

）

2.ConnerlyinsiststhattheCourt'srulingshould（

）.

3.WhatistheattitudeoftheDepartmentofEducationtowardsaffirmativeaction?

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutaffirmativeactionaccordingtothetext?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatoneofthemajorobjectivesofaffirmativeactionisto（

）

问题1选项

A.noadmissionpoliciesbasedonraceshouldbeimplemented.

B.minorityapplicantsbasedonraceshouldbeimplemented.

C.differentstandardsforadmittingminoritystudentsshouldbesetup.

D.selectivecollegesanduniversitiesshouldbepunishedfortheirdiscriminatorypolicies.

问题2选项

A.winapprovalfromCalifornianvotersbeforeitisputineffect.

B.becontestedbytheMichiganvoterswithanopinionpoll.

C.beappliedinsomestatesbeforeitisextendedtootherstates.

D.producetheintendedpracticaleffectbeforeitiswidelyaccepted.

问题3选项

A.Neutrality

B.Objection

C.Approval

D.Indifference

问题4选项

A.Avastmajorityofpeoplesupportit.

B.Theminoritiesclaimittobeadiscriminatorypolicy.

C.Theminoritystudentsaremorelikelytowelcomeit.

D.TheCourt’sdecisionwillcertainlychangepeople’sattitudetoit.

问题5选项

A.ensurerace-neutralprogramsaresetupincollegesanduniversities.

B.adapttheSupremeCourt’srulingtocollegesituations.

C.formulatetherightpoliciesforcollegeadmissions.

D.discouragethepracticeofracialdiscriminationincollegeadmissions.

【答案】