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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国青年政治学院押题密卷附带答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

12.

问题1选项

A.Sheisn’tfeelingwell.

B.Sheisunderpressure.

C.Shedoesn’tliketheweather.

D.Sheisfeelingrelieved.

【答案】A

【解析】M:Areyouhavinganyproblemslikeweakness,fatigue,orheadaches?

W:Well,Icertainlyfeltundertheweather.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】常用习语。女士说Icertainlyfeltundertheweather,即她觉得身体不适。

2.单选题

I(

)severalinterestingfactsaboutMexicointhatbook.

问题1选项

A.cameto

B.cameinto

C.cameover

D.cameacross

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我在那本书中无意发现了有关墨西哥的几个有趣的事实。

考查短语辨析。四个选项均为对应动词短语的过去式。cometo想起,共计,苏醒,来到;comeinto进入,得到(财产);come过来,顺便来访,抓住;comeacross偶遇,无意中发现,讲得清楚明白。由关键信息“severalinterestingfactsaboutMexico”可知D符合句意。

3.不定项选择题

Someaccepttheirfate.Otherstrytoreasonwiththepoliceofficerwhohaspulledthemoverforsomerealorimaginedtrafficoffense.Butwhenlawenforcementisrepresentedbyacomputer-drivencamerathathasimmortalizedyourviolationonfilm—asisthecaseathundredsofintersectionsinmorethan100citiesaroundtheU.S.—it’shardtotalkyourwayoutofaheavyfine.Yetthatispreciselywhatsome300motoristsinSanDiegosucceededindoinglastweekwhenasuperiorcourtjudgerulesthatpicturestakenbytheso-calledred-lightcameraswereunreliableandthereforeunacceptable.

ThefirstU.S.Courtdecisiontorejectallthetrafficviolationscaughtoncameras;therulingbyJudgeRonaldStynhasfueleddebateoverthegrowinguseofthedevices.Policedepartmentsswear,andstudiesindicate,thattherobotcamerasdeterpeoplefromspeedingandrunningredlights.ALouHarrispollsetforreleasethisweekfindsthat69%ofAmericanssupporttheiruse.Yetatleastsevenstateshaveblockedproposalstoimplementthem,andopponents—rangingfromHousemajorityleaderDickArmeytotheAmericanCivilLibertiesUnion—arguethatthecamerasviolateprivacyandplaceprofitabovepublicsafety.

Partoftheproblemisthatvirtuallyallthedevicesinplaceareoperatedbyprivatefirmsthathandleeverythingfrominstallingthemachinerytoidentifyingviolations—oftenwithminimalpoliceoversight—andhaveanincentivetopullinasmanydriversastheycan.Thecompaniesgetpaidasmuchas$70aticket,andthetotalrevenueishardlychumpchange.SanDiegohasgotin$15.9millionlastyearandWashington$12.8million.“It’sallaboutmoney,”saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.Notso,insistsTerranceGainer,Washington’sexecutiveassistantchiefofpolice.“Wehavereducedfatalities.IfsomecompanyismakingmoneyoffthatthatisAmericanway.”

Criticscounterthattheremustbeother,lessintrusivewaystomakeintersectionssafer,suchaslengtheningtheyellowlightandaddingturnlanes.“Iobjecttothisfixationwehavewithcamerasandelectronicallygatheredinformation,”saysBan.“Itplacestoomuchconfidenceintechnology.”Thatconfidence,asWashingtonresidentshavelearned,canbemisplaced.ThecityremovedonecameralastMaythathadgeneratedmorethan19,000ticketsataparticularlyconfusingintersection.InSanDiego,faultysensorsmadedriversappeartobegoingfasterthantheyreallywere.ThecitysuspendedthesysteminJuly.

Anotherconcernisprivacy.WhilesystemsinWashington,MarylandandNorthCarolinaphotographnothingbuttherearofthecar,othersinArizona,CaliforniaandColoradotakeapictureofthedriver’sseataswell—abitofelectronicmonitoringthatcouldlandstrayingspousesintroublealotmoreseriousthanatrafficviolation.

InEurope,whererobotcamerasaredeployedbythethousandsandareevenlesspopularthantheyarehere,resentfuldrivershavestartedtotakemattersintotheirownhands,seekingouthiddencamerasandknockingthemoverwiththeircars.

1.Itismainlyindicatedinthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Thecourtdecisionlastweek________.

3.Opponents’argumentsagainstcamerasincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT________.

4.Policedepartmentbelievesthat________.

5.Thephrase“chumpchange”inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto________.

6.Accordingtothepassage,BobBarr________.

7.Thewriter’sattitudetowardsrobotcamerascanbebestexpressedas________.

8.SomedriversinEuropeancountries________.

问题1选项

A.mostpeoplerespondintensivelywhencaughtintrafficoffense

B.motoristscanbewronglyaccusedbypoliceofficers

C.speederscannotdefendthemselvesbeforered-lightcameras

D.computer-drivencamerassometimesdotelllies

问题2选项

A.triggeredadisputeovertheuseofrobotcameras

B.excusedfewcamera-caughtviolatorsfrompunishment

C.foundfewerred-lightcamerasupportersinAmerica

D.deterredsomestatesfromimplementingcameradevices

问题3选项

A.theyintrudeintopeople’sprivacy

B.theygiveprioritytothepursuitofprofit

C.theyareoperatedbyprivatefirms

D.theyareunderthesupervisionofpolice

问题4选项

A.robotcamerasshouldnotbeoperatedbyprivatefirms

B.robotcamerasareeffectiveinmaintainingtrafficorder

C.speedingisthemajorcauseoftrafficfatalities

D.companiesoperatingcamerasshouldnotpursuemoney

问题5选项

A.trivial

B.moderate

C.enormous

D.indefinite

问题6选项

A.isthemajorityleaderintheHouseofRepresentatives

B.isstronglyagainsttheAmericanwayofmakingmoney

C.lacksconfidenceinmoderntechnology

D.doubtstheauthenticityofelectronicallygatheredinformation

问题7选项

A.positive

B.negative

C.indifferent

D.uncertain

问题8选项

A.stronglysupportedtheuseofred-lightcameras

B.destroythousandsoftherobotcameras

C.taketheinitiativeintheuseofrobotcameras

D.takedrasticmeasureswithrobotcameras

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:D

第8题:D

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。题干提到第一段话暗示什么。文章第一段第一句话说Someaccepttheirfate.(一些人接受了命运(被抓到真实的或者虚假的交通违规要罚款的命运)),根据关键词some可知,A选项“大部分人被抓到交通违规之后反应很强烈”错误;B选项“摩托车司机可能会被警察错误地指控了”文中没有提及;C选项“超速者在被红灯摄像头抓到后不能为自己辩护”错误,第一段这个例子就是说300名驾车者在被红灯摄像头抓到违规,起诉交警部门后胜诉了,所以说超速者是可以为自己辩护的;第一段最后一句话…picturestakenbytheso-calledred-lightcameraswereunreliableandthereforeunacceptable(……所谓的“红灯摄像头”拍摄的照片不可靠,因此不可接受),这就是说D选项“红路灯会说谎”正确。

第2题:推理判断题。句意指法院的决定产生了什么样的影响。我们定位到第二段第一句话…therulingbyJudgeRonaldStynhasfueleddebateoverthegrowinguseofthedevices.(法官RonaldStyn这项决定更加激发了关于增加使用该设备的决定),从fueled这个词可知并不是这项判决引起的讨论,而是讨论本身就存在,判决加重了讨论,A选项“引发了关于是否使用摄像头的讨论”错误;B选项“判决赦免了少部分闯红灯被抓者的处罚”;C选项“判决发现支持红灯摄像头的人更少”,这两项文中都没有提及;定位到第二段第三句话ALouHarrispollsetforreleasethisweekfindsthat69%ofAmericanssupporttheiruse.Yetatleastsevenstateshaveblockedproposalstoimplementthem(LouHarris将于本周发布的民意调查显示,69%的美国人支持使用该设备。但是,至少有7个州打回了关于安装这些设备的提案),所以D选项“阻止了一些州安装摄像头”正确。

第3题:事实细节题。由题干关键词“Opponents”(反对者),我们定位到文章第二段倒数第三行opponents…arguethatthecamerasviolateprivacyandplaceprofitabovepublicsafety.(反对者……认为这些摄像头侵犯了隐私,而且把盈利置于公共安全之上),所以A、B可以排除;再定位到第三段第一句Partoftheproblemisthatvirtuallyallthedevicesinplaceareoperatedbyprivatefirmsthathandleeverythingfrominstallingthemachinerytoidentifyingviolations—oftenwithminimalpoliceoversight—andhaveanincentivetopullinasmanydriversastheycan.(部分问题在于,几乎所有的设备都是由私人公司操作的,他们负责从安装机器到识别违规行为的所有事情——通常是在最少的警察监督下——并有尽可能多地吸引司机的动机。),这里可知C选项“摄像头确实是私人公司安装的”排除;从关键词minimal可知D选项“摄像头是在警察的监控之下的”是错误的,所以答案选D。

第4题:事实细节题。根据关键词policedepartmentbelieves我们定位到文章第二段第二句:Policedepartmentsswear,andstudiesindicate,thattherobotcamerasdeterpeoplefromspeedingandrunningredlights.(警察部门发誓,研究表明,机器人摄像头可以阻止人们超速和闯红灯。)第三段最后两句话Notso,insistsTerranceGainer,Washington’sexecutiveassistantchiefofpolice.“Wehavereducedfatalities.”(但事实并非如此,华盛顿警察局执行助理局长特伦斯•盖纳(TerranceGainer)坚持认为。“我们减少了死亡人数。”)这两句可以看出交警部门认为摄像头维持了交通秩序,所以选B选项“摄像头有效地维持了交通秩序”。A选项“摄像头不应该由私人公司运营”,D选项“公司运营摄像头的目的不应该赚钱”,这两个都不是交警部门的看法,C选项“超速是交通致死事故的主要原因”,文章没有提及。

第5题:词汇推断题。A选项“细微的”;B选项“普遍的”;C选项“巨大的”D选项“无限的”。根据题干定位到“chumpchange”所在的句子,即第三段第二句话“Thecompaniesgetpaidasmuchas$70aticket,andthetotalrevenueishardlychumpchange.(该公司每张罚单能够收到多达70美元的罚款,因而该公司总收入相当可观)”,我们根据后面的第三段三四句SanDiegohasgotin$15.9millionlastyearandWashington$12.8million.“It’sallaboutmoney,”saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.(圣地亚哥去年入账1590万美元,华盛顿入账1280万美元。“这一切都是关于钱,”国会议员鲍勃•巴尔如是说,他是主要的批评者。),从这句可以看出,华盛顿和圣地亚哥收到的交通罚款数量巨大,不然不会受到来自国会议员的批评。由此推测,答案选A。

第6题:判断推理题。根据题干中的人名定位到文中提到该人物的地方,即第三段第四句“It’sallaboutmoney”,saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.(“这一切都是关于钱”国会议员鲍勃•巴尔如是说,他是主要的批评者。)所以选B选项“鲍勃•巴尔强烈反对美国特殊赚钱方式”。A选项“鲍勃•巴尔是众议院的领导者”不符合文意,鲍勃•巴尔是安装摄像头的主要的反对者但是不是众议院的领导者,排除A;C选项“鲍勃•巴尔对技术是否充满信心”,文中没有提及,排除;D选项“质疑电子收集信息的权威性”文中也没有提及。

第7题:观点态度题。A选项“积极”;B选项“消极”;C选项“漠不关心”;D选项“不确定”。整篇文章作者只是比较客观地描述了一些现象,文章中没有明显的句子或者词语表现出作者的态度,所以对于作者的态度我们是不明确的,答案选D。

第8题:事实细节题。根据题干的关键词“driversinEuropeancountries”,我们定位到最后一段“InEurope,whererobotcamerasaredeployedbythethousandsandareevenlesspopularthantheyarehere,resentfuldrivershavestartedtotakemattersintotheirownhands,seekingouthiddencamerasandknockingthemoverwiththeircars.(在欧洲,部署了数以千计的摄像头并且这些摄像头甚至比在这里(美国)更不受欢迎,心怀不满的司机们已经开始采取行动,寻找隐藏的摄像头,并用汽车撞倒它们。)”,由此答案选D选项“采用极端的手段对付摄像头”,从最后一段可以看出,欧洲司机也不支持摄像头的安装,所以A选项“支持摄像头的安装”错误;B选项“数以千计的摄像头被毁坏”,数以千计的摄像头是总数而不是被毁坏的数量,所以不选;C选项“欧洲首先使用摄像头”文章没有提及,所以排除。

4.单选题

Joereturnedfromvacationandwokeupcompletely().

问题1选项

A.refreshed

B.beingrefreshed

C.havingrefreshed

D.havingbeenrefreshed

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。B选项是动名词的被动形式,“beingdone”,C选项是动名词的完成形式“havingdone”,D选项是动名词的完成+被动形式“havingbeendone”,句意:乔度假回来,醒来后精神抖擞。所以本题的正确答案应该是A选项。

5.单选题

Signswarnedthatthetrailwas()eveningoodweatherconditions,soonlyexperiencedandwell-equippedhikersshouldattemptit.

问题1选项

A.affluent

B.wholesome

C.treacherous

D.incurable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项affluent“丰富的”;B选项wholesome“健全的”;C选项treacherous“危险的”;D选项incurable“不能治愈的”。句意:指示牌上写着,即使在天气条件好的情况下,这条小路也是危险的,所以只有经验丰富、装备精良的徒步旅行者才能尝试。本句表示小路很危险。因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Thedetectivewatchedandsawthesuspect______ahotelatthecorneroftheStreet.

问题1选项

A.gettingoffthetaxiandwalkinginto

B.gotoffthetaxiandwalkedinto

C.getoffthetaxiandwalkinto

D.gotoffthetaxitowalkinto

【答案】C

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:侦探看着嫌疑犯下了出租车,走进了街角的一家旅馆。本句谓语动词是watchedandsaw,横线处是非谓语动词,在这里指“看见他下出租车和进旅馆”的整个过程。watch/seesb.doingsth.“看见某人正在做(瞬间)”,watch/seesb.dosth.“看见某人做了某事(全过程)”,C选项getoffthetaxiandwalkinto符合题意。因此C选项正确。

7.单选题

Letter-writinggoesbacktothousandsofyearsbutheatedupduringtheMiddleAgesandRenaissance.Historically(perhapsnow)letterswereindicatorsofstatusandbreeding.Likeconversation,theywereusedtomanipulate,embellish,entertain,threaten,seduceandofcoursedobusiness.OnthewayhomefromdiscoveringAmerica,ChristopherColumbusgotcaughtinastormandhismindturned—asagoodbourgeoisparent—tohistwosons.Whowouldpaytheirschoolfeesifhecametoawateryend?HepickedupaquillanddocumentedhisaccomplishmentsonthevoyageforhisSpanishpatrons,KingFerdinandandQueenIsabella,rolleduptheletterinawoodenMadeiracaskandthrewitintothesea.ThiswasnotsomuchforposteritybutratherwhatUniversityofYorkprofessorWilliamH.Shermanhascalled“afather’sdesperatepetitionforthefuturesupportofhischildren.”

The18thcenturywasstrongontheepistolarybook,whichmadeauthors’quarrelsespeciallyamusing.TobiasSmollettwroteTravelsThroughFrance&Italy(myfavoritelettercontainshisdescriptionofFrenchwomen:“Astheirfacesareconcealedunderafalsecomplexion,sotheirheadsarecoveredwithavastloadoffalsehair,frizzledattheforehead,soasexactlytoresemblethewoollyheadsoftheGuineanegroes”).HisapproachtoanythingforeignwasconsideredsofullofspleenbyauthorLaurenceSternethathewasmovedtowriteASentimentalJourney.ThissatiricalnovelgivesSmollettthenameSmelfungus—acantankerousmanaddictedtoexaggeration,whotalksofbeing“flay’dalive”bycannibals:“I’lltellit,criedSmelfungus,totheworld.Youhadbettertellit,saidI,toyourphysician.”SamuelJohnson,inreferringtohisownletters,claims“...hissoulliesnaked”buthehaddoubtsaboutthetruthfulnessofothers,writingthattherewas“notransactionwhichoffersstrongertemptationstofallacyandsophisticationthanepistolaryintercourse.”

How-tobooksabounded.Letters,apartfrombusinessones,wereseenasafemininetask,andtemplatesaddressedfeminineproblems.TheNewAcademyofComplements,forexample,publishedin1671,titledthelettertobewrittenbyabandonedwomen“ACrack’tVirgintoHerDeceitfulFriend.”Hand-writingisthemotif.“Nowyouappearsofoul,thatnothingcanbemoremonstrous;isthisthefruitofyourPromisesandVows...howcomesitthentopass,thatyouforsakeme,ruinmyReputation,andleavemetobecometheMapofShameandIgnominy…”IlongtousetheMapofShamebitbutIsuspectitwasasunhelpfulthenasboilingbunniesisnow.

AVanderbiltUniversitystudywayschildrentaughtcursivewritinglearnandexpressthemselvesbetter.Ifso,Ihaveafewsuggestionsforoureducators.Howaboutletters“OnReprimandingaPersonofDifferenceWithoutIncurringHateCharges”,or“AnAilingCitizentoHisCallousMinisterofHealth.”Thepossibilitiesare,sadly,limitless.

1.Letter-writing().

2.ASentimentalJourneybyLaurenceSterne().

3.SamuelJohnson().

4.Thethirdparagraphsuggestedthat().

5.Attheendofthearticle,theauthorsuggestedthat().

问题1选项

A.waswidelyacceptedthousandsofyearsago

B.couldserveawidevarietyofpurposesinthepast

C.servedasadocumentforwardedtotheKingandQueeninColumbus’case

D.helpedColumbusobtainfinancialsupportforhissons

问题2选项

A.isbasedonthestoriestoldinTravelsThroughFrance&Italy

B.isasequelofTravelsThroughFrance&Italy

C.isatravelogue

D.hasacharactermodeledonTobiasSmollett

问题3选项

A.truthfullyrecordedhislifeinhisletters

B.wasexceptionallytruetohimself

C.suggestedthatletter-writingwasmoretemptingthananyotherformsofwriting

D.suggestedthatlettersweremoresusceptibletofallacy

问题4选项

A.womencouldmakebetterletterwriters

B.lettersweremainlyaddressedtoabandonedwomeninhistory

C.thecentralthemeofletterswastheconcernanddespairofwomen

D.theauthorofhisarticlehadthesameexperienceasthewomenquoted

问题5选项

A.childrenshouldbetaughtcursivewritingsinceitmayhelpthembetterexpressthemselves

B.letter-writingcouldachieveasmuchascursivewriting

C.educatorsshouldencourageletter-writinginschools

D.he/shehasidentifiedalotofproblemsofoursociety

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。由A选项可以定位到第一段第一句Letter-writinggoesbacktothousandsofyearsbutheatedupduringtheMiddleAgesandRenaissance.(书信可以追溯到几千年前,但在中世纪和文艺复兴时期非常盛行。),说明几千年前书信还没有广泛盛行,所以A选项“在几千年前就被广泛接受”错误。由B选项可以定位到文章第一段第二、三句Historically(perhapsnow)letterswereindicatorsofstatusandbreeding.Likeconversation,theywereusedtomanipulate,embellish,entertain,threaten,seduceandofcoursedobusiness.(从历史上来看,也许现在也一样,书信是地位和教养的指示器。就像谈话一样,它们被用来操纵、修饰、娱乐、威胁、引诱,当然还有做生意。),说明书信不止在过去起到了多种作用,现在也一样,所以B选项“在过去可以起到多种作用”错误。D选项“帮助哥伦布为他的儿子们争取到了经济支持”,文章只说了哥伦布通过书信为儿子争取帮助,但没有说结果,所以D错误。由C选项可以定位到文章第一段第六句HepickedupaquillanddocumentedhisaccomplishmentsonthevoyageforhisSpanishpatrons,KingFerdinandandQueenIsabella,rolleduptheletterinawoodenMadeiracaskandthrewitintothesea.(他拿起羽毛笔,为他的西班牙赞助人——斐迪南国王和伊莎贝拉王后记录下他在航行中的成就,把信卷在一个木制的马德拉酒桶里,扔进了海里。),可知哥伦布在书信中记录下自己的成就,交给国王和王后。因此C选项“作为哥伦布交给国王和王后的文件”正确。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第三、四句HisapproachtoanythingforeignwasconsideredsofullofspleenbyauthorLaurenceSternethathewasmovedtowriteASentimentalJourney.ThissatiricalnovelgivesSmollettthenameSmelfungus—acantankerousmanaddictedtoexaggeration(作家劳伦斯•斯特恩认为他对待任何外国事物的方式都充满了愤怒,于是写下了ASentimentalJourney这本书。这部讽刺小说给斯摩莱特起了个名字“臭真菌”——一个爱夸大其辞、脾气暴躁的人),说明ASentimentalJourney这本书中有托比亚斯•斯摩莱特同样性格的人物。因此D选项“有一个以托比亚斯•斯摩莱特为原型的角色”正确。A选项“是根据TravelsThroughFrance&Italy中讲述的故事改编的”,B选项“是TravelsThroughFrance&Italy的续集”,C选项“是一篇游记”在文中均没有提及,所以A,B,C错误。

3.推理判断题。A选项“在书信中如实记录了自己的一生”,根据文章第二段最后一句SamuelJohnson,inreferringtohisownletters,claims“...hissoulliesnaked”(塞缪尔•约翰逊在提到他自己的信件时说:“……他的灵魂是赤裸裸的”),是说他写信时很真实,但没有说他记录了自己的一生,所以A错误。B选项“对自己格外真实”,原文只说了他在写信时很真实,所以B错误。C选项“提出写信比其他任何形式的写作都更有诱惑力”,根据文章第二段最后一句notransactionwhichoffersstrongertemptationstofallacyandsophisticationthanepistolaryintercourse.(没有任何交易比书信交流更容易产生谬误和复杂的诱惑。),没有说到其他形式的写作,所以C错误。D选项“提出书信更容易产生谬误”符合原文内容,正确。

4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到第三段,第三段中说到书信的内容是Nowyouappearsofoul,thatnothingcanbemoremonstrous;isthisthefruitofyourPromisesandVows...howcomesitthentopass,thatyouforsakeme,ruinemyReputation,andleavemetobecometheMapofShameandIgnominy…(现在你显得如此肮脏,没有什么比这更可怕的了;这是你承诺和誓言的结果吗……那么,你怎么会抛弃我,毁掉我的名誉,让我成为耻辱和不光彩的地图……),可以看出书信表现出了女性的担忧和绝望。因此C选项“书信的中心主题是女性的担忧和绝望”正确。A选项“女性可以成为更好的写信人”,D选项“文章的作者与被引用的妇女有同样的经历”在文中均没有提及,所以A,D错误。B选项“书信主要是写给历史上被遗弃的妇女的”,由原文可知是这些被抛弃的女性所写的信,所以B错误。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段,最后一段中说到Ifso,Ihaveafewsuggestionsforoureducators.Howaboutletters…(如果是这样,我有一些建议给我们的教育者……的信件怎么样),说明作者认为学校应该培养学生写信的能力。因此C选项“教育工作者应该在学校鼓励书信活动”正确。A选项“应教儿童学习草书,因为草书可以帮助他们更好地表达自己的想法”,文章说到草书让儿童更好地学习和表达自己,但没有说作者支持教儿童学习草书,所以A错误。B选项“书信可以达到和草书一样的效果”,D选项“他/她发现了我们社会的很多问题”在文中均没有提及,所以B,D错误。

8.单选题

SuchalarmsreflectedtheAlsop’stendencytocloaktheiranalysesinportentoustermsofdreadanddismay.

问题1选项

A.ominous

B.foppish

C.gregarious

D.remunerative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项ominous“预兆的;不吉利的”;B选项foppish“浮华的;矫饰的;有纨绔习气的”;C选项gregarious“社交的;群居的”;D选项remunerative“有利可图的;有报酬的;合算的”。句意:这样的警告反映了阿尔索普家族倾向于用可怕的恐惧和沮丧来掩盖他们的分析。portentous“不祥的;预兆的;令人惊讶的”。A选项与该词意思最相近,因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,()thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.

问题1选项

A.onoccasion

B.onpurpose

C.oncondition

D.onlyif

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他要我借给他一些钱,我答应了,但条件是他下星期还钱。

考查短语辨析。onoccasion偶尔,有时;onpurpose故意;oncondition在……条件下,如果;onlyif只要,只有。空格所在句说的是借钱的条件,因此C项正确。

10.单选题

TheworseningcrisisattheFukushimaPowerStationinJapanhasledtoinevitablecomparisonswiththe1986Chernobylnucleardisasterthatkilledworkersattheplantinstantly,causedcancersinthesurroundingpopulationandspreadradioactivecontaminationsofarthatlivestockrestrictionsarestillinplaceatsomefarmsaroundtheUkraine.

ThesituationatFukushimaiscertainlygraveandimmediatelydangerousforthoseatthesitewhoarefightingtomakethecrippledreactorsandfuelstoragepondssafe.

ButwhateverwarningsarenowbeingissuedbyforeigngovernmentstotheircitizensinJapan,therearesignificantdifferencesthatsetthisapartfromthecatastropheinUkraine.

AtChernobylthenuclearreactorexplodedafterasurgeinpowerthatblewthetopoffthepowerplantandsenthotfuelhighintotheupperatmosphere,whereitfloatedacrossnationalborders.Afirethatbrokeoutinthegraphitecoreforcedmoreradioactivematerialintotheair,helpingitspreadfurther.Thereactorhadnocontainmentfacilitytoevenslowthereleaseofradiationfromtheplant.

TheFukushimaboilingwaterreactorisa40-year-oldpowerplantandithassomeglaringdesignflaws,butthereactorshavebeenswitchedoffforfivedays,sothereislessfreshradioactivematerialaround,andeachcoreiscontainedwithina20cm-thicksteelcontainer,whichisthenprotectedbyasteel-linedreinforcedconcreteouterstructure.Eveninthecaseofameltdown,thesemeasuresshouldatleastlimittheamountofradiationreleased.

Butwhatofthepopulationbeyond?Theriskfromradiationfallsoffsubstantiallywithdistance.Theauthoritieshavealreadyimposedanexclusionzoneof12milesaroundthepowerstation,introducedfoodbansanddispensedpotassiumiodidepillstothoseinthesurroundingarea.

Forthemoredistantpopulation,themostseriousradioactivesubstancesthatwouldbereleasedarecaesium-137andiodine-131.Theseareextremelyvolatile,socanbecarriedalongway.Butdangerousdosesarenotlikelytotravelfaronthewind.Thedangercomeswhenradioactiveiodineandcaesiumraindownontheground,onthepastureland,forexample,andlivestockeatit.Cowsconcentrateradioactiveiodineintheirmilk.Radioactivecaesiumaccumulatesinmuscles,andinthepasthasbuiltupingrazingsheep.Thethreattohumansthencomesfromdrinkingmilkandeatingcontaminatedmeat.Bothcanraisetheriskofcancer—iodineespeciallybybeingabsorbedintochildren’sthyroidglands.

WhathappenedatChernobyl,whichwasamuchmoreseriousaccidentthanthis,wasthatthelocalSovietauthoritieswereindenial,theydidn’tgetpeopleoutofthearea,theydidn’tevacuatequicklyenough,andtheyallowedchildrentocontinuetodrinkheavilycontaminatedmilk,andasaconsequence,manychildrenreceivedhighdosesofradiationtothethyroidandwe’veseenthousandsofthyroidcancersasaconsequence.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat().

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

4.TheChernobylwasregardedasaseriousaccidentbecause().

问题1选项

A.EyeingJapan,CountriesReassessNuclearPlans.

B.LessonsforJapanfromtheChernobylCatastrophe.

C.RecentEventsinFukushimaEvokedWorldwideCare.

D.Japan’sHorrorRevealsHowThinIstheEdgeWeLiveon.

问题2选项

A.theriskofradiationspreadingwideinJapanremains

B.thehealthimplicationsofleaksintotheseawouldbelimited

C.thedisasterinJapanhasmucheffectonnuclearpolicyworldwide

D.JapanandUkrainetookthesamemeasuresindealingwithdisaster

问题3选项

A.TherearesomeobviousdesigndefectsinFukushima’spowerplant.

B.Theradioactivesubstancesmaycausedeathtothedistantpopulation.

C.Potassiumiodidetabletscanguardagainstsomeeffectsofradiationexposure.

D.UnliketheFukushimaplant,Chernobyl’sreactorlackedacontainmentfacility.

问题4选项

A.peoplefailedtoadoptsomeeffectivemeasurestoprotectthemselves

B.manyvolunteersrushedtheretofighttomakethecrippledreactorssafe

C.radioactivesubstancescouldspreadasfaras20milesalongwiththewind

D.thegovernmentdeniedthecatastrophetherestillthreatenedpeople’slife

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.文章第三段指出,日本福岛核泄漏事故和乌克兰切尔诺贝利核灾难相比有显著的差异,由此可以推断,之所以差异巨大是因为日本从切尔诺贝利核灾难中汲取了教训,选项B作为标题更恰当。

2.选项B和C在文中没有信息提及,所以无法推导出来;选项D表述错误。根据第六段第二句“Theriskfromradiationfallsoffsubstantiallywithdistance.”辐射的风险随着距离的越远而大大降低。由此推断,辐射在日本蔓延的风险依然存在。所以选项A符合原文。

3.根据第七段的一二句可知,对于更遥远的人群来说,释放出的最严重的放射性物质是铯-137和碘-131。它们极易挥发,所以可以携带很长时间。但是危险的剂量不太可能在风中传播很远。也就是说,这些放射性物质不会导致远方居民死亡。所以选项B错误。

4.根据最后一段的内容可知,切尔诺贝利的事故之所以如此严重,是因为当地政府否认事故,他们没有及时让人们撤离,他们让孩子继续喝污染严重的牛奶。也就是说政府否认那里的灾难仍然威胁着人们的生命,选项D符合原文。

11.单选题

Hewasextremely(

)bytheillnessofhisdaughter.

问题1选项

A.agitated

B.exploited

C.influenced

D.dominated

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项agitate“使..不安”;B选项exploit“开发”;C选项influence“影响”;D选项dominate“控制,支配”。句意:女儿的疾病使他特别焦虑不安。选项A符合句意。

12.单选题

Janehas()wontherespectofeveryoneinthefieldofdancebothforthesocietyandherself.

问题1选项

A.deservedly

B.exactly

C.despicably

D.diffusely

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。deservedly“理所应当地”;exactly“恰好地”;despicably“可鄙地,卑劣地”;diffusely“广泛地,扩散地”。选项A符合题意,简理所应当赢得大家的尊重。

13.单选题

The______ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.

问题1选项

A.origin

B.generation

C.decent

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词。A选项origin“起源,来源”,指事物开始出现的始点或其来源与出处;B选项generation“一代,产生”;C选项decent“正派的,得体的”,为形容词;D选项cause“原因,起因”,指某事件、后果等的起因。句意:这个词的起源是未知的,但肯定不是来自希腊语。

14.单选题

Forawhileeveryonewasscreaming,tugging,beatingandkickingandthenMothercameinfromtheki

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