考研考博-英语-乐山师范学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-乐山师范学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.翻译题

MarketsinstocksandcommoditiesformavitalpartoftheAmericaneconomicsystem.Millionsofindividualsbuyandsellsmalllotsofstocksandcommoditieswhilemutualfundsandtruststradeinlargelots.Ingoodtimes,whenitappearsthatpriceswillrise,moneyfromsavingsorfromothertypesofinvestmentcomesintomarket.Whenthishappens,pricesaredrivenhigher.Oftenaperiodofspeculationfollowsinwhichthe“bull”,thosewhomakemoneyonarisingmarket,areintheascendancy.Whenthemarketcannolongersustainthespeculativefever,areactionsetsin,sellingdevelops,andpricesbegintofall.Atthispointthe“bears”,orthosewhomakemoneyinafallingmarket,arefortunate.Americansbuyalmosteverythingoncredit,andstocksarenoexception.Usuallyaninvestorcanmakeastockpurchasebypaying50percentdownandgettingaloanontheremainder.Thisiscalled“margin”of50percent.Thebalanceisborrowedfromthebrokerageassecurity.

【答案】股票和期货市场构成了美国经济系统中的一个重要环节。数以百万计的个人买卖少量的股票和期货，而进行大量共同基金和信托的交易。在景气时期，当价格上涨时，储蓄资金或其他类型的投资资金就会进入市场。当这种情况发生时，价格就会被推高。通常接下来会有一段时间的投机买卖，在这段时间里，趁市场行情上涨而赚钱的“多头”占了上风。当市场不再持续投机热，就会出现抛售反应，价格开始下跌。在这一点上，“看跌者”或那些在市场行情下跌中赚钱的人是幸运的。美国人几乎什么都是赊购，股票也不例外。通常情况下，投资者可以先付50%的首付，剩下的部分再贷款购买股票。这叫做用50%的“定金”来购买股票。投资人向经纪行借差额，把股票存放在经纪行里作抵押。

2.单选题

BillieHoliday’sreputationasagreatjazz-bluessingerrestsonherability（

）emotionaldepthtohersongs.

问题1选项

A.begiving

B.aregiven

C.togive

D.beinggiven

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。haveabilitytodosth有能力做某事。句意：比利霍乐迪，作为一位伟大的爵士布鲁斯歌手，她的盛名在于能将感情融入到歌曲中。故C项正确。

3.单选题

Itisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutmemory.Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebasisforthedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefoundinourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory.

Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeepinformationavailableforlateruse.Itnotonlyincludes“remembering”thingslikearithmeticorhistoricalfacts,butalsoinvolvesanychangeinthewayananimaltypicallybehaves,memoryisinvolvedwhenaratgivesupeatinggrainbecausehehassniffed(嗅出)somethingsuspiciousinthegrainpile.

Memoryexistsnotonlyinhumansandanimalsbutalsoinsomephysicalobjectsandmachines.Computers,forexample,containdevicesforstoringdataforlateruse.Itisinterestingtocomparethememorystoragecapacityofacomputerwiththatofahumanbeing.Theinstantaccessmemoryoflargecomputermayholdupto100,000“words”stringofalphabeticornumericalcharactersreadyforinstantuse.AnaverageU.Steenagerprobablyrecognizesthemeaningofabout100,000wordsofEnglish.However,thisisbutafractionofthetotalamountofinformationthattheteenagerhasstored.Consider,forexample,thenumberoffacesandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight.

Theuseofwordsisthebasisoftheadvancedproblemsolvingintelligenceofhumanbeings.Alargepartofaperson’smemoryisintermsofwordsandcombinationsofwords.Butwhilelanguagegreatlyexpandsthenumberandthekingofthingsapersoncanremember,italsorequiresahugememorycapacity.Itmaywellbethiscapacitythatdistinguisheshumans,settingthemapartfromotheranimals.

1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutmemory?

2.Accordingtothepassage,memoryishelpfulinone'slifeinthefollowingaspectsEXCEPTthat（

）.

3.Whatistheauthor'sviewaboutcomputersandhumanbeingsintermsofintelligence?

4.Whatisthemajorcharacteristicofman’smemorycapacityaccordingtotheauthor?

5.Humanbeingsmakethemselvesdifferentfromotheranimalsby

（

）.

问题1选项

A.Ithelpsusperceivethingshappeningarounduseveryday

B.Itisbasedonthedecisionswemadeinthepast

C.Itisrootedinourpasthabitsandskills

D.Itconnectsourpastexperienceswiththepresent

问题2选项

A.itinvolvesachangeinone'sbehavior

B.itkeepsinformationforlateruse

C.itwarnspeoplenottodothingsrepeatedly

D.itenablesonetoremembereventsthathappenedinthepast

问题3选项

A.Computershavebettermemorythanachilddoes

B.Computersareasintelligentasateenageris

C.Computerscanunderstandasmanyas100,000words

D.Humanbeingsarefarsuperiortocomputers

问题4选项

A.Itcanbeexpandedbylanguage

B.Itcanrememberallthecombinedwords

C.Itmaykeepalltheinformationinthepast

D.Itmaychangewhathasbeenstoredinit

问题5选项

A.havingtheabilitytoperceivedanger

B.havingafargreatermemorycapacity

C.havingtheabilitytorecognizefacesandplacesonsight

D.havingtheabilitytodrawonpastexperiences

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。文章第一段第二句话提到“大量日常认知的意义、我们做决定的依据和我们的习惯和技能的根源都是我们过去的经历，这些都是被记忆带到现在来的”（Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebasisforthedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefoundinourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory），由此可知，记忆能够将过去与现在联系起来，因此选项D符合题意。

第2题:细节事实题。文章第二段第二句话提到“记忆不仅仅是记住算数和历史事实这类事情，还包括动物典型行为的改变”（Itnotonlyincludes“remembering”thingslikearithmeticorhistoricalfacts,butalsoinvolvesanychangeinthewayananimaltypicallybehaves），可知选项A“它涉及行为的改变”是正确的，排除；文章第二段第一句话提到“记忆被定义为是一种将信息保存留待以后使用的能力”（Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeepinformationavailableforlateruse），由此可知选项B正确，排除；文章第一段提到了依靠记忆，可以把过去的经验与现在联系起来，选项D“记住过去发生的事情”正确，排除。因此，选项C符合题意。

第3题:推理判断题。文章第三段讲述了计算机强大的存储功能。计算机跟青少年都能记忆十万左右的英语单词，但是单词只是人类记忆中很小的一部分，人类还能记忆很多其他的内容，比如，能一眼就分辨出不同的人脸和地方（However,thisisbutafractionofthetotalamountofinformationthattheteenagerhasstored.Consider,forexample,thenumberoffacesandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight），可知人类比电脑要强，因此选项D符合题意。

第4题:细节事实题。文章最后一段提到“当语言极大的扩大人能够记住的事情和事情最重要的部分的能力时，这需要有巨大的记忆存储量”（Butwhilelanguagegreatlyexpandsthenumberandthekingofthingsapersoncanremember,italsorequiresahugememorycapacity），因此选项A“能够扩大存储量”符合题意。

第5题:细节事实题。文章最后一句话提到“可能就是这种记忆存储量将人类与其他动物区分开来”（Itmaywellbethiscapacitythatdistinguisheshumans,settingthemapartfromotheranimals），因此选项B符合题意。

4.翻译题

SectionAEnglishtoChinese(20points)

TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

Economistsdon’tforecastbecausetheyknow,theyforecastbecausethey’reasked.(36)Aquestionthatisincreasinglyputtothemiswhetherinflation,whichhasbeenremarkablyquiescentforyears,willspringasurprisein2016.Afterall,thedebttroublesthathaveweigheddownricheconomiessince2007arefading;labormarketsinAmerica,BritainandGermanyareincreasinglytight;housingmarketsaregatheringsteam;andtheFederalReservehasjustraisedinterestratesforthefirsttimeinalmostadecade.

InflationinAmericaandEuropeshouldindeedpickupfromitspresent,near-zerostateasthebigdeclinesinenergypricesattheturnof2015dropoutoftheheadlinerate.Butaglutinthesupplyofcrudemeansthatoilpricesarefallingagain.(37)Ifdebtisrecedingasaprobleminrichcountries,itloomslargerinemergingmarkets,whereovercapacitybroughtonbybinge（放纵、沉溺）borrowingexertsadownwardforceonprices.Thereisinflationincommodity-exportingcountries,suchasBrazil,whosecurrencieshavebeentrashed.Butglobalinflationisatug-ofwarbetweenbottlenecksinpartsoftherichworldandimporteddeflationfromemergingmarkets,andtheenduringfallorstagnationofpriceslookssettodominateforawhileyet.

StartwithSaudiArabia.Thefallingpriceofcrudeisinpartaconsequenceofitscommitment(reiteratedbyOPECministersonDecember4th)toproduceatfulltilt.TheideaistoflushouttheweakerproducersinAmerica’sshale-oilindustryandelsewhere.(38)Thisisprovingacostlygambit.SaudiArabianeedsabarrelofoiltofetcharound$85tofinancepublicspendingandaround$60tokeepitscurrentaccountinbalance.Yettheoilpricerecentlyfellbelow$36,toan11-yearlow,beforereboundingalittle.Americahassustainedoilproductionofabove9mbarrelsaday,despiteasharpfallinthenumberofoilrigs,suggestingthatshalefirmsarebecomingmoreefficient.

Oneoutcomefromcontinuedlow-flationwillbeincreasinglylopsidedeconomiesintherichworld,particularlyinAmerica,whererecoveryismoreadvancedthaninEurope.(39)Ifproductivitystaysasweakasithasbeenrecently,unemploymentislikelytofallstillfurther.Atthesametime,slowgrowthinemergingmarketsislikelytokeepdownwardpressureoncommoditypricesandontheircurrencies.AstrongdollarhasalreadydrivenawedgebetweentheperformanceofAmerica’smanufacturingandserviceindustries.FurtherappreciationwouldmakeitharderfortheFederalReservetopushthroughmoreincreasesininterestrates.

【答案】36.一个问题越发常见：沉寂多年的通货膨胀，会否在2016年突然爆发。毕竟，自从2007年以来，拖累经济发展的债务问题正在消退；美国、英国和德国的劳动力市场日趋紧张；房地产市场正蓄势待发；最近美联储近十年来第一次提高利率。

37.如果发达国家的债务不再是一个问题，那就会隐现在新兴市场，过度借贷迫使价格下降而导致生产力过剩。巴西等商品出口国出现了通货膨胀，货币已经贬值。但是全球通货膨胀是部分发达国家的瓶颈期和新兴市场的输入型通货紧缩之间的拉锯战，而持久的价格下跌或停滞看来还会持续一段时间。

38.事实证明，这是一个代价高昂的策略。沙特阿拉伯需要每桶石油卖85美元才能支撑公共支出，需要卖60美元才能维持收支平衡。然而，最近油价在回升之前跌破36美元，创11年新低。

39.如果生产力持续疲软，失业率可能会进一步下降。与此同时，新兴市场的缓慢增长可能会给大宗商品价格和货币带来下行压力。强势美元已在美国制造业和服务业之间造成了裂痕。进一步升值将使美联储更难推动进一步加息。

5.单选题

TheMartTwainBoyhoodHomeandMuseuminHannibal,Missouri,isthe（

）ofthegreatwriter.

问题1选项

A.restoredchildhoodhome

B.homerestoredofchildhood

C.homewherechildhoodrestored

D.restoredhomeofhischildhood

【答案】A

【解析】句意:马克吐温童年故居博物馆在密苏里州的汉尼拔，它也是这位伟大作家整修后的童年故居。

语法题。考查定语排列顺序。restored“修葺一新的”和childhood“童年时期”分别做前置定语修饰home。故选A

6.单选题

InNorthAmerica,thefirstcanoeswereconstructedfromlogsand（）bymeansofwoodenpaddles.

问题1选项

A.docked

B.propelled

C.choked

D.perceived

【答案】B

【解析】dock使靠码头；propel推进,驱使；choke阻塞,抑制；perceive觉察,感知。句意：在北美,最早的独木舟是用原木建造的,并由木桨推动前行。选项B符合语境。

7.单选题

Astheydon’tyethaveaproventrackrecord,theircolleagueswillbe（）toentrustthemwithimportantprojects.

问题1选项

A.reluctant

B.redundant

C.relevant

D.resistant

【答案】A

【解析】句意:由于他们没有过去工作表现的记录,所以其他同事不愿意将重要的项目交给他们。

考查形容词辨析。Reluctant不情愿的,勉强的;redundant多余的,失业的,冗长的;relevant相关的,切题的;resistant反抗的,顽固的。因此A符合句意。

8.填空题

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingbland.Ifyouaddaword,putoninsertionmark(∧)inthecorrectplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandbesuretoputaslash(/)intheblank.(10%)

Example:

When∧artmuseumwantsanewexhibit,

(1)an

itneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangs

(2)∕never

themonthewall.Whenanaturalhistorymuseum

wantsanexhibition,itmustoftenbuildit.

(3)exhibit

Thetwinsoccuraboutonceineighty-sevenhumanbirths.

Alittlemorethanonequarteroftheseisidenticaltwins,

36.______

whichdevelopsfromtheequaldivisionofafertilizedegg.

37.______

Identicaltwinsarealwaysthesamesexandhavethesame

bloodgroupandeyecolor.Ifonehasagiftofmusic,itis

38.______

notsurprisingifotherdoestoo.However,ifoneisleft-handed,

39.______

theothermayberight-handed.Ifthehairofonegrows

clockwisefromthecrown,theother’shairmaygrow

counterclockwise.Fraternaltwinsdevelopfromtwoseparate

eggsthatwerefertilizedatthesametime.Theycanbeof

40.______

differentsexesandoftenlooknomuchalikethanother

41.______

membersofthesamefamily.Themorebabiesperbirth,

thelessfrequentlysuchbirthsoccur.Tripletsoccurabout

onein7569births,butsextuplets—multiplebirthsoffive—

42.______

occuroneinaboutfivemillionbirths.Multiplebirths

arecommonamonglowanimals,butidenticaloffspring

43.______

israre,exceptforonespeciesofarmadillo.Thefemale

44.______

armadilloalwaysgivesbirthuptoquadruplets.

45.______

【答案】36.is→are

37.develops→develop

38.of→for

39.∧other→the

40.were→are

41.much→more

42.five→six

43.low→lower

44.is→are

45.up→∕

【解析】36.由主语onequarterofthese（四分之一的双胞胎）可知，此处是分数引导的短语做主语，其谓语动词的数需要根据分数后面的名词来决定，此处的these是复数，因此be动词要用复数are，故改is为are正确。

37.定语从句中的关系代词which指的是identicaltwins（同卵双胞胎），所以从句中的动词要用复数形式，故改develops为develop正确。

38.gift表示“天赋”，一般与for搭配，故把of改为for正确。

39.这一句是说“如果双胞胎的其中一个有音乐天赋，那么另外一个有音乐天赋并不奇怪”，表示两者中的其中一个要用theother，表示特指；other单独使用表示“其他的”，为形容词。故在other前面添加定冠词the正确。

40.这一句的意思是“异卵双胞胎是由两个受精卵同时发育而成的”，为客观陈述，应该用一般现在时，所以that定语从句中的were要改为are。

41.由than可知，nomorethan为固定用法，表示“不比……更”，故改much为more正确。

42.破折号的内容是解释sextuplets（六胞胎）一词，而破折号说的是multiplebirthsoffive（5个胎儿的多胞胎），这明显与sextuplets不符，故改five为six正确。

43.这一句是说“多胞胎在低等生物中很常见”，而low表示“低的”，低级生物要用loweranimal表示，所以改low为lower正确。

44.offspring是复数名词，be动词应该用are，故改is为are正确。

45.表示“生产”应该是givebirthto，这里的up是多余的，所以把up去掉正确。

9.单选题

Theascenttothemountainis（）butanyonewhomakesittothetopisrewardedbyaspectacularview.

问题1选项

A.helpful

B.assiduous

C.arduous

D.unique

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。helpful“有帮助的”；assiduous“刻苦的，勤勉的”；arduous“努力的，费力的”；unique“特别的”。句意：登到山顶是艰苦的，但任何成功登顶的人都会欣赏到壮观的景色。选项C符合题意。

10.单选题

Lincoln,whomanyregardasoneofourgreatpresidents,wasoften（

）despitehisreputationoftellinggoodjokes.

问题1选项

A.bright

B.optimistic

C.gloomy

D.cheerful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：林肯被很多人认为是伟大的总统之一，尽管他以幽默闻名，但是他经常比较忧郁。bright“明亮的”；optimistic“乐观的”；gloomy“阴郁的”；cheerful“快乐的，愉快的”。根据despite一词可知空格处的内容与后面的内容形成对比，因此根据句意选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

Tom（

）betterthantoaskDickforhelp.

问题1选项

A.shallknow

B.shouldn'tknow

C.hasknown

D.shouldhaveknown

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。shouldhave“本该”，表示本应该做，实际上没做，用虚拟语气。句意：汤姆早就该知道不能去找迪克帮忙。选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

Anumberofdevelopmentscombinedtodestroythemonetarysystem,leadingtoacrisisinwhichthecollapseofonecountry'seconomyandcurrency-inamodernversionofthecommercialdominotheory-leadstofiscal（）thatspreadsuncomfortablyaroundtheworld,wreakinghavoconglobalcapitalism.

问题1选项

A.contamination

B.contagion

C.inflammation

D.inflation

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。contamination“污染”；contagion“传染”；inflammation“发炎”；inflation“膨胀”。句意：根据现代版本的多米诺骨牌效应，一个国家的经济和财政的变化将会影响全球，并对全球资本主义造成严重破坏。选项B符合题意。

13.单选题

16-20

问题1选项

A.Abloodtest.

B.Agastroscopy(胃镜检查法).

C.AchestX-rayexam.

D.AbariumX-rayexam.

问题2选项

A.Tolosesomeweight.

B.Totakeafewmoretests.

C.Tosleeponthreepillows.

D.Toeatsmaller，lightermeals.

问题3选项

A.Potatochips.

B.chicken.

C.Cereal.

D.fish.

问题4选项

A.Ulcer.

B.Cancer.

C.Depression.

D.Hernia.

问题5选项

A.Hewilltrythedietthedoctorrecommended.

B.Hewillaskforasickleaveandrelaxathome.

C.Hewilltakethemedicinethedoctorprescribed.

D.Hewilltakeafewmoreteststoruleoutcancer.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】W:Well,(16)yourbariummealdidnotshowanulcer.Butitdidshowthatyouhavesomethingwecallahiatushernia(食管裂孔疝).Doyouknowwhatthatis?

M:Ithinkmygrandmotherhadone.ButIhaven’tmuchofaclue,really.

W:NowI’mgoingtoexplainhowwecantrytogetridofyourstomachandheartburnproblems.Ithinkitwouldhelpifyouwereabletoloseabitofweight.You’llbelesslikelytogetthepainifyoucaneatsmaller,lightermealsregularly.Standinguprightaftereatingforawhilehelpssothatyourstomachislesslikelytocomeuptoyourgulletthenwhenyoulieflat.Lastly,I’mgoingtogiveyousometabletsthatwillstopyourstomachfromproducingacid.Perhapsyoucouldtellmewhatyoufeelaboutit?

M:Well,Iworrythatitmightbedifficulttoeatthemealsyousuggest,becauseI’malorrydriverandhavetobeontheroadmostoftheday.AndI’mnotsureifIwanttotakethosetables.

W:Yes,IunderstandyoumighthavesomeproblemswiththedietI’msuggesting,especiallyasroadsidecafesusuallysellmealswithgreasyfood.However,(18)perhapsyoucouldkeeptofishandchicken,andavoidchipsandfriedeggs.Yousayyou’renotkeenontakingtablets,whynot?

M:Afriendofminehadthem,andthengotworse.And6weekslatertheyfoundhehadstomachcancer.

W:Isee...soyouwereworriedabouthavingcancer?

M:Well,Iwasabit.IsupposeifmyX-rayonlyshowedahernia,Imustbeclear.(17)Butarethereothertestyoucandotoabsolutelysure?

W:Yes,thereare.(17)ButIdon’tthinkit’snecessarytodothematpresent.We’llwanttoseehowyougetonoverthenextfewweekswithachangeofdiet.WhataboutthetabletsIsuggested?Idon’tthinkit’spossiblethattheycausedyourfriend’scancer.

M:(20)IthinkI’drathertrychangingmydietfirstofall.Then,takingthemedicineyouprescribedformelasttime.

W:Let’strythatforthenext4weeks.Then,I’llseeyouagain.

16.Whatmedicalprocedurehasthemanundergone?

【解析】对话开头就提到他做了bariummeal“钡餐检查”，检查未显示他有溃疡。

17.WhichofthefollowingisNOTamongthedoctor’ssuggestionstotheman?

【解析】解析对话中，男士问医生是否还需要做其他检查以确诊，医生说不用。故选B。

18.Accordingtothedoctor’sadvice,whichofthefollowingfoodsshouldthemanavoid?

【解析】医生建议男士要注意饮食，可以继续食用鸡肉和鱼肉，但不要吃薯条和煎蛋。故选A。

19.Whatisthedoctor’sdiagnosisoftheman?

【解析】对话开头医生就说通过钡餐检查,未显示溃疡,但确实是hiatushernia“食管裂孔疝”。

20.Whatwillthemandoforthenext4weeks?

【解析】对话最后，男土说他愿意首先尝试调整饮食,然后服用上次医生给开的药。注意这里男士提到的是服用上次医生给开的药，所以C项错误。故选A。

14.单选题

IndustrializationcametotheUnitedStateafter1790asNorthAmericanentrepreneursincreasedproductivitybyreorganizingworkandbuildingfactories.Theseinnovationsinmanufacturingboostedoutputandlivingstandardstoanunprecedentedextent;theaveragepercapitawealthincreasedbynearly1percentperyear—30percentoverthecourseofageneration.Goodsthathadoncebeenluxuryitemsbecamepartofeverydaylife.

Theimpressivegaininoutputstemmedprimarilyfromthewayinwhichworkersmadegoods,sincethe1790’s,NorthAmericanentrepreneurs—evenwithouttechnologicalimprovements—hadbroadenedthescopeoftheoutworksystemthatmademanufacturingmoreefficientbydistributingmaterialstoasuccessionofworkerswhoeachperformedasinglestepoftheproductionprocess.Forexample,duringthe1820’sand1830’stheshoeindustrygreatlyexpandedthescaleandextendoftheoutworksystem.Tensofthousandsofruralwomen,paidaccordingtotheamounttheyproduced,fabricatedthe“uppers”ofshoes,whichwereboundtothesolesbywage-earningjourneymenshoemakersindozensofMassachusettstown,whereaspreviouslyjourneymenwouldhavemadetheensureshoe.Thissystemofproductionmadetheemployerapowerful“shoeboss”anderodedworkers’controloverthepaceandconditionsoflabor.However,italsodramaticallyincreasedtheoutputofshoeswhilecuttingtheirprice.

Fortasksthatwerenotsuitedtotheoutworksystem,entrepreneurscreatedanevenmoreimportantneworganization,themodernfactory,whichusedpower-drivenmachinesandassembly-linetechniquestoturnoutlargequantitiesofwell-madegoods.Asearlyas1782theprolificDelawareinventorOliverEvanshadbuiltahighlyautomated,laborsavingflourmilldrivenbywaterpower.Hismachineryliftedthegraintothetopofthemill,cleaneditasitfellintocontainersknownashoppers,groundthegrainintoflour,andthenconveyedtheflourbacktothetopofthemilltoallowittocoolasitdescendedintobarrels.Subsequently,manufacturersmadeuseofnewimprovedstationarystreamenginestopowertheirmills.Thisnewtechnologyenabledthemtobuildfactoriesinthenation’slargestcities,takingadvantageofurbanconcentrationsofinexpensivelabor,goodtransportationnetworks,andeagercustomers.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Theauthormentionstheshoeindustryinthesecondparagraphtoprovideanexampleofhow（）.

3.Allofthefollowingarementionedaseffectsofchangesintheshoeindustryduringthe1820’sand1830’sEXCEPT（）.

4.AllofthefollowingaretrueoftheoutworksystemEXCEPT（）

5.Thepassagementionswhichofthefollowingasaresultofimprovementsinfactorymachinery?

问题1选项

A.ThedifficultiesofindustrializationinNorthAmerica

B.Theinfluenceofchangesinmanufacturingonthegrowthofurbancenters

C.TherapidspeedofindustrializationinNorthAmerica

D.Improvedwaysoforganizingthemanufacturingofgoods

问题2选项

A.entrepreneursincreasedoutputbyusinganextendedoutworksystem

B.entrepreneursusedtechnologicalimprovementstoincreaseoutput

C.ruralworkersrespondedto“shoebosses”

D.changesintheoutworksystemimprovedthequalityofshoes

问题3选项

A.anincreaseintheworker’sdependenceonentrepreneurs

B.anincreaseinthewagespaidtojourneymenshoemakers

C.adeclineintheworkersabilitytocontrolthespeedofproduction

D.adecreaseinthepriceofshoes

问题4选项

A.Itinvolvedstagesofproduction.

B.Itwasmoreefficientthanthesystemsusedbefore1790.

C.Itmademanyemployerslesspowerfulthantheyhadbeenbefore.

D.Itdidnotnecessarilyinvolveanytechnologicalimprovements.

问题5选项

A.Itbecameeasierforfactoryownerstofindworkersandcustomers.

B.Manufacturershadtoemploymorehighlyskilledworkers.

C.Theamountofpowerrequiredforfactoriesoperatewasreduced.

D.Factoriescouldoperatemorethanoneengineatatime.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第二段中hadbroadenedthescopeoftheoutworksystemthatmademanufacturingmoreefficientbydistributingmaterialstoasuccessionofworkerswhoeachperformedasinglestepoftheproductionprocess.（扩大了外部工作系统的范围，通过将材料分发给连续的工人，每个工人只执行生产过程中的一个步骤，从而提高了生产效率。）介绍了流水线的生产方式，第三段中entrepreneurscreatedanevenmoreimportantneworganization,themodernfactory,whichusedpower-drivenmachinesandassembly-linetechniquestoturnoutlargequantitiesofwell-madegoods.（企业家们创造了一种更重要的新组织——现代工厂，它使用动力驱动的机器和装配线技术生产出大量优质产品。）介绍了动力驱动的现代化工厂，这些都是改进的生产组织方式。所以D选项“改进的商品生产组织方式”符合题意。A选项“北美工业化的困难”，文章说的是北美工业化的不断进步，而不是困难之处，所以A错误。B选项“制造业变化对城市中心增长的影响”和C选项“北美工业化的快速发展”，文中均没有提及，所以B，C错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段，第二段开头说Theimpressivegaininoutputstemmedprimarilyfromthewayinwhichworkersmadegoods…hadbroadenedthescopeoftheoutworksystemthatmademanufacturingmoreefficient.（令人印象深刻的产量增长主要源于工人的生产方式……北美企业家扩大了外部工作系统的范围。），后面又介绍了“shoeindustry”，即第二段提到制鞋业是作为外部工作系统的例子。所以A选项“企业家通过使用扩展的外部工作系统来增加产量”正确。B选项“企业家利用技术改进提高产量”，文章第二段第一句evenwithouttechnologicalimprovements（即使没有技术进步），说明制鞋业产量的提高不是因为技术改进，所以B错误。C选项“农村工人对鞋老板的反应”，文中没有提到工人对鞋老板的态度，所以C错误。D选项“外部工作系统的改变提高了鞋子的质量”，文中只说了产量的提高，没有说到质量的方面，所以D错误。

3.推理判断题。由A选项可以定位到文章第二段倒数第二句Thissystemofproductionmadetheemployerapowerful“shoeboss”.（这种生产体系使雇主成为一个强大的“鞋老板”。），也就是说雇主的权力加大，工人的工作越来越依赖于雇主，所以A选项“工人对企业家的依赖增加”符合题意。由C选项可以定位到文章第二段倒数第二句anderodedworkers’controloverthepaceandconditionsoflabor（剥夺了工人对劳动速度和条件的控制），说明工人对劳动速度的控制减弱，所以C选项“工人控制生产速度的能力下降”符合题意。由D选项可以定位到文章第二段最后一句italsodramaticallyincreasedtheoutputofshoeswhilecuttingtheirprice.（它还大幅提高了鞋子的产量，同时降低了它们的价格。），说明鞋子的价格下降了，所以D选项“鞋价的下降”符合题意。而文章中没有提到工人工资的问题，所以B选项“付给熟练工的工资提高”不符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由A选项可以定位到文章第二段第一句hadbroadenedthescopeoftheoutworksystem…e