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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南外事外语职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Theboywhoistalkingwithyourteacheris()anathlete.

问题1选项

A.anythingbut

B.nonebut

C.allbut

D.somethingbut

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组搭配。A选项anythingbut“根本不;绝不”;B选项nonebut“只是;仅”;C选项allbut“几乎;差不多”;D选项somethingbut没有此类搭配。句意:和你老师正在说话的那个男孩绝不是一个运动员。A选项词组更加贴合句意逻辑,故选A。

2.单选题

Itisour()policythatwewillachieveunitythroughpeacefulmeans.

问题1选项

A.consistent

B.considerate

C.certain

D.decisive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项consistent“始终如一的,一致的,坚持的”;B选项considerate“体贴的,体谅的,考虑周到的”;C选项certain“某一,必然的”;D选项decisive“决定性的,果断的,坚定的”。句意:通过和平方式实现团结是我们_____政策。这里表达的是“一贯的政策”,因此A选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Rushtooka(n)dogmaticapproachtomedicine,convincedthatalldiseaseshadessentiallythesamecause:fever.

问题1选项

A.definite

B.confident

C.explicit

D.arbitrary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。dogmatic表示“教条的,武断的”;A项definite“一定的,确切的”,B项confident“自信的,确信的”,C项explicit“明确的,清楚的,直率的”,D项arbitrary“任意的,武断的”。句意:拉什对医学采取独断专行的态度,相信所有的疾病本质上都有相同的原因,那就是发烧。因此,根据句意可知D选项正确。

4.单选题

()forthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitis.

问题1选项

A.Haditnotbeen

B.Wereitnot

C.Beitnot

D.Shoulditnotbe

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气的倒装。句意:要不是公众及时投资,我们公司就不会像现在这样繁荣。由此可知,主句和从句发生的时间不一致,主句是对现在的虚拟,所以用would+动词原形;从句是对过去的虚拟,投资发生在公司繁荣之前,所以应使用过去完成时,即had+过去分词。虚拟条件句中如果含有助动词should、had和were,可以将if省略,将助动词提前。这里还原应该是“Ifithadnotbeenforthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic…”,将助动词提前之后就是Haditnotbeen,所以选项A正确。

5.单选题

Thepartywasexcellent,andI’dliketothankallthe___.

问题1选项

A.concerningpeople

B.peopleconcerning

C.peopleconcerned

D.concernedpeople

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语。concerned是分词形容词,其意为“有关的”(involved);concerning是由分词转换而成的介词,其意为“关于”(relatingto),结合句意:这个聚会太棒了,我要感谢所有___人。可知本句表达“有关的人”,排除A选项和B选项,concerned通常作后置定语,放在修饰的词之后。因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Themost()technologicalsuccessinthetwentiethcenturyisprobablythecomputerrevolution.

问题1选项

A.solemn

B.prominent

C.prosperous

D.prevalent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项solemn“严肃的;隆重的,郑重的”;B选项prominent“突出的,显著的;杰出的”;C选项prosperous“繁荣的;兴旺的”;D选项prevalent“流行的;普遍的”。句意:20世纪最显著的技术成功或许是计算机革命。结合句意,选B。

7.单选题

Traditionalmethodsofteachingnolongersufficeinthistechnologicalworld.Currentlytherearemorethan100000computersinschoolroomsintheUnitedStates.Students,mediocreandbrightalike,thefirstgradethroughhighschool,notonlyarenotintimidatedbycomputers,buthavebecomeavidparticipantsinthecomputerepoch.

Kidsoperatingcomputersimplementtheircurriculumwithgreatversatility.AmusicalstudentcanprogrammusicalnotessothatthecomputerwillplayBeethovenortheBeatles.Forabiologyclass,thecomputercanproduceapictureoftheintricateactionsofthebody’sorgans,thusenablingtoday’sstudentstoenvisagehumanbiologyinaprofoundway.Anuclearreactorisnolongeranenigmatostudentswhocanseeitsworkingsinminutedetailsonacomputer.InWisconsin,theChippewaIndiansarestudyingtheirancientandalmostforgottenlanguagewiththeaidofacomputer.Morecommonly,thecomputerisusedfordrillingmathandlanguageconceptssothatyoungstersmaylearnattheirownspeedwithouttryingthepatienceoftheirhumanteachers.Thesimplestcomputersaidthehandicapped,wholearnmorerapidlyfromthecomputerthanfromhumans.Onceirksome,remedialdrillsandexercisesnowoncomputerareconducivetolearningbecausethemachinerespondstocorrectanswerswithpraiseandtoincorrectanswerswithfrownsandevenanoccasionaltear.

Adolescentshavebecomesoexhilaratedbycomputersthattheyhavedevelopedtheirownjargon,easilyunderstoodbytheirpeersbutleavingtheirdisconcertedparentsinthedark.Theyhaveshownsomuchfervorforcomputersthattheyhaveformedcomputerclubs,beguiletheirleisurehoursincomputerstores,andevenattendcomputercamps.

Thisisdefinitelythecomputerage.Itisexpectedthatby1999therewillbebetween300000and650000computersinAmericanschools.Manufacturersofcomputersarepresentlygettingtaxwrite-offsfordonatingequipmenttocollegesanduniversitiesandarepushingforlegislationtoobtainfurtherdeductionsforcontributionstoelementaryandhighschools.Furthermore,thepriceofcomputershassteadilyfallentothepointwhereasmallcomputerforhomeorofficeisbeingsoldforlessthan$100.Atthatpriceeveryclassinthecountrywillsoonhavecomputerkids.

1.Whichofthefollowingdoes“traditionalmethods”inthefirstparagraphreferto?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Withthehelpofcomputer,today’sstudents______.

4.Whatdoestheword“disconcerted”inparagraph3mean?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanweinferfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Technologicalmethodsofteaching.

B.Teachers,textbooksandclassdrills.

C.Computerteaching.

D.Televisionteaching.

问题2选项

A.Studentshavetobebrightinordertooperateacomputer.

B.Highschoolstudentsarelessthreatenedbycomputercomparedwithgrade1students.

C.Allthestudentstakeanactivepartincomputeroperationtodayandordinarystudentsarenoexception.

D.Today’sstudentsaremoreversatilethanwiththeimplementationofcomputers.

问题3选项

A.canunderstandmorecomplexconcepts

B.learnmorerapidlyfromcomputerthanfromtheirteachers

C.canlearneverythingwithouttheirteachers’help

D.canbuildnuclearreactors

问题4选项

A.Dissatisfied.

B.Disinterested.

C.Nearsighted.

D.Confused.

问题5选项

A.Parentsencouragetheirkidstoattendcomputercampsandformcomputerclubs.

B.Thecountryencouragesthepopularizationofcomputersamongtheschoolchildren.

C.Thepriceofcomputershasfallensteadily.

D.Computermanufacturersaredonatingequipmentforcollegesanduniversitiespurelyforthegoodofthestudents.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一、二句Traditionalmethodsofteachingnolongersufficeinthistechnologicalworld.Currentlytherearemorethan100000computersinschoolroomsintheUnitedStates.(传统的教学方法在这个技术世界里已经不够用了。目前在美国的教室里有超过10万台电脑。),说明传统方法应该是指和电脑教学相对的老师在课堂上用教科书授课。因此B选项“教师、教科书和课堂演习”正确。A选项“技术性的教学方法”,C选项“计算机教学”,D选项“电视教学”均不属于传统教学方法,所以A,C,D错误。

2.客观细节题。A选项“学生要想操作电脑,必须要聪明”,由原文Students,mediocreandbrightalike(无论是平庸的还是聪明的学生)可知,操作电脑和智力没有关系,所以A错误。B选项“与一年级学生相比,高中生受到电脑的威胁较小”,由原文Students…thefirstgradethroughhighschool,notonlyarenotintimidatedbycomputers(从一年级到高中的学生……不仅没有被计算机吓住)可知,不论什么年龄的学生都不会被计算机吓倒,所以B错误。D选项“今天的学生随着计算机的实施,比以前更多才多艺”,由原文Kidsoperatingcomputersimplementtheircurriculumwithgreatversatility.(使用电脑的孩子们在实施他们的课程时非常多才多艺。)可知,文章只是说使用电脑的学生很多才多艺,没有和之前的学生进行对比,所有D错误。C选项“今天所有的学生都积极参与计算机操作,普通学生也不例外”,由原文Students,mediocreandbrightalike,thefirstgradethroughhighschool,notonlyarenotintimidatedbycomputers,buthavebecomeavidparticipantsinthecomputerepoch.(从一年级到高中的学生,无论是平庸的还是聪明的,不仅没有被计算机吓住,而且成为计算机时代的热心参与者。)可知,包括普通学生在内的所有学生都积极参与计算机操作,C选项符合原文,因此本题选C。

3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段倒数第三句Morecommonly,thecomputerisusedfordrillingmathandlanguageconceptssothatyoungstersmaylearnattheirownspeedwithouttryingthepatienceoftheirhumanteachers.(更常见的是,计算机被用来训练数学和语言概念,这样孩子们就可以按照自己的速度学习,而不用去考验他们的人类老师的耐心。),说明学生可以在计算机的帮助下理解复杂的概念。因此A选项“可以理解更复杂的概念”正确。B选项“从电脑上学习比从老师那里学习更快”,原文说的是残疾人从最简单的电脑中学习比从人类中学到的要快,而不是所有的学生,所以B错误。C选项“可以在没有老师的帮助下学习一切知识”,原文只介绍了电脑学习的好处,没有全部否定老师的作用,所以C错误。D选项“可以建造核反应堆”,原文说的是学生可以通过电脑了解核反应堆,而不是自己建造,所以D错误。

4.语义推测题。由题干关键词“disconcerted”可以定位到文章第三段第一句Adolescentshavebecomesoexhilaratedbycomputersthattheyhavedevelopedtheirownjargon,easilyunderstoodbytheirpeersbutleavingtheirdisconcertedparentsinthedark.(青少年们对电脑如此兴奋,以至于他们发明了自己的行话,这些行话很容易被同龄人理解,却把不知所措的父母置于黑暗之中。),说明年轻人使用的行话很容易被同龄人理解,但父母不能理解,他们感到很困惑,所以“disconcerted”在文中是指“不知所措,困惑”的意思。因此D选项“困惑的”正确。A选项“不满意的”,B选项“不感兴趣的”,C选项“近视的”均不符合题意,所以A,B,C错误。

5.客观细节题。A选项“父母鼓励他们的孩子参加电脑夏令营和组建电脑俱乐部”,由原文Theyhaveshownsomuchfervorforcomputersthattheyhaveformedcomputerclubs,beguiletheirleisurehoursincomputerstores,andevenattendcomputercamps.(他们对电脑表现出了如此多的热情,他们成立了电脑俱乐部,在电脑商店消磨闲暇时间,甚至参加电脑夏令营。)可知,是孩子们自发参加电脑夏令营和俱乐部,没有说父母鼓励他们,所以A错误。B选项“国家鼓励在学生中普及计算机”在文中没有提及,所以B错误。D选项“计算机制造商为高校捐赠设备,纯粹是为了学生的利益”,由原文Manufacturersofcomputersarepresentlygettingtaxwrite-offsfordonatingequipmenttocollegesanduniversitiesandarepushingforlegislationtoobtainfurtherdeductionsforcontributionstoelementaryandhighschools.(目前,计算机制造商因向高校捐赠设备而获得税收减免,并正在推动立法,以获得对小学和中学捐款的进一步减免。)可知,计算机制造商为高校捐赠设备更多是为了减税,所以D错误。C选项“计算机的价格已经稳定地下降了”,由原文Furthermore,thepriceofcomputershassteadilyfallentothepointwhereasmallcomputerforhomeorofficeisbeingsoldforlessthan$100.(此外,计算机的价格已经稳步下降到家庭或办公室用的小型电脑售价不到100美元的地步。)可知,计算机的价格已经稳步下降,C选项符合原文,所以本题选C。

8.单选题

Change—ortheabilitytoadaptoneselftoachangingenvironment—isessentialtoevolution.Thefarmerwhoselandisrequiredforhousingorindustrymustadapthimself.Hecanmovetoanotherplaceandmastertheproblemspeculiartoit;hecanchangehisoccupation,perhapsafteraperiodoftraining;orhecanstarvetodeath.Anationwhichcannotadaptitstradeordefenserequirementstomeetworldconditionsfaceseconomicormilitarydisaster.Nothingisfixedandpermanentlystable.Theremustbemovementforward,whichisprogressofasort,ormovementbackward,whichisdecayanddeterioration.

Inthiscontext,traditioncanbeaforceforgoodorforevil.Aslongasitoffersaguide(withoutinsistingthatitspathistheonlyone),ithelpstheignorantandtheuninformedtotakeastepforward,andthereby,toadaptthemselvestochangedcircumstances.Tradition,orcustom,canguidethehunteraseffectivelyasitcaninfluencethenervoushostess.Butifwemakeanidol(偶像、崇拜)oftradition,itceasestobecomeaguideandbecomesanobstaclelyingacrossthepathofchangeandprogress.Ifweinsistontryingtoplotthefuturebythepast,weclearlyhandicapourselvesandinvitefailure.Thebettercourseistoacceptthehelpwhichtraditioncangivebut,realizingthatitnecessarilyhasitsrootsinthepast,tobewellawareofitslimitationsinachangingworld.

1.Theauthormaintainsthatifwewanttogetalongwiththeworld(

).

2.Thefarmer'scaseinPara.1isgivenasanexampleof(

)

.

3.“Thehunterandthenervoushostess”inPara.2arereferringtopeoplewho()

4.Theauthorwarnsusthat()

5.Thispassagemanlydiscussestherelationshipbetween()

问题1选项

A.industrymustbedevelopedattheexpenseoffarmland

B.farmersmusttrytogetsomejobtraining

C.tradeanddefenseareessential

D.changeisindispensable

问题2选项

A.thetrendofeconomicdevelopment

B.thecourseofhumanevolution

C.theneedofadaptability

D.theimportanceofsocialchange

问题3选项

A.areignorantanduninformed

B.arewellawareofcustom'slimitations

C.becomeanobstacleonthepathofprogress

D.constitutetheforceforgood

问题4选项

A.itismisleadingtoaccepttraditionasaguide

B.excessivedevotiontotraditionmaybringustroubles

C.wemustaccepttheguidancetraditionoffersus

D.traditionisobstaclelyingonthepathofchange

问题5选项

A.industryandagriculture

B.eviltraditionandgoodtradition

C.manandthechangingworld

D.traditionandchange

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据第一段的尾句可知,作者一直在强调change。所以选项D改变是必不可少的为正确答案。选项A和C在文章中没有提及,选项D包含了选项B。

2.细节事实题。第一段农民的例子是为了说明“Thefarmerwhoselandisrequiredforhousingorindustrymustadapthimself.”所以选项C正确。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段的第二句“ithelpstheignorantandtheuninformedtotakeastepforward,andthereby,toadaptthemselvestochangedcircumstances.”所以选A符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容作者认为传统有好也有坏,所以选项A和D错误,选项C中must太绝对,并不是所有传统的向导都是正确的。选项B过度的推崇传统可能会给我们带来麻烦,所以选项B正确。

5.主旨大意题。文章第一段主要是讲change,第二段主要是讲tradition,所以文章主要讨论的是传统和变革的关系。

9.单选题

Afterhavingdiscussedthematterwiththebankmanger,Peter()receivedhisIoan.

问题1选项

A.instantly

B.instinctively

C.causally

D.inexpertly

【答案】A

【解析】句意:在与银行经理讨论这件事后,Peter即刻就得到了贷款。

考查副词辨析。instantly立刻,立即,马上;instinctively本能地;causally随便地,偶然地,临吋地;inexpertly外行地,不熟练地。因此A符合句意。

10.单选题

Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals.Theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.

Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.

Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.Today’svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow.

Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline”.Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodobusiness.

1.Theextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggestthat______.

2.WecaninferfromDr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaperthat______.

3.Bysayingthesefiguresareconservative(line1,inparagraph3),Dr.Wormmeansthat______.

4.Dr.Myersandotherresearcherholdthat______.

5.Theauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries’______.

问题1选项

A.largeanimalwerevulnerabletothechangingenvironment

B.smallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappeared

C.largeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattoday

D.slow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingones

问题2选项

A.thestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90%

B.thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesastherewere15yearsago

C.thecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginalamount

D.thenumberoflargepredatordroppedfasterinnewfisheriesthanintheold

问题3选项

A.fishingtechnologyhasimprovedrapidly

B.thencatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthanrecorded

C.themarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterloss

D.thedatecollectedsofarareoutofdate

问题4选项

A.peopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcan’tworkforalongertime

B.fisheriesshouldkeeptheyieldbelow50%ofthebiomass

C.theoceanbiomassshouldrestoreitsoriginallevel

D.peopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetochangingsituation

问题5选项

A.managementefficiency

B.biomasslevel

C.catch-sizelimits

D.technologicalapplication

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节推断题。题干意思是“大型史前动物的灭绝暗示什么?”。第一段最后一句Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans(现在类似的事情可能正在海洋中发生),由此推断,文中提到史前动物的灭绝是暗示海洋生物也会面临同样的问题。A项“大型动物很容易受到环境的影响”,B项“小物种幸存下来而大物种消失了”和D项“生长缓慢的鱼比生长迅速的鱼更长寿”都不是大型动物灭绝暗示的现象,所以该题C项正确。

2.【试题解析】细节推断题。题干意思是“我们从Dr.MyersandDr.Worm’s的论文中可以推测出什么?”。根据本题关键词“Dr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaper”定位到本文第二段最后一句AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen(根据他们在《自然》杂志上发表的最新论文,在新渔场开始捕捞的15年内,大型捕食动物(杀死并吃掉其他动物的动物)的生物量平均减少了80%。在一些长期捕鱼的地区,从那时起,它又减少了一半),由此推断,文中提到大型捕食动物平均减少80%,所以可以推测出在一些老的渔场,已经减少了90%。B项“这里的渔场数量只有15年前的一半”说法错误,文中没有渔场数量15年之间的对比;C项“新渔场的渔获量只有原来的20%”说法错误,是指平均下降80%,没有说就只有20%,该说法过于绝对;D项“新渔场的大型捕食者的数量比旧渔场下降得更快”说法错误,根据第二段最后一句可知,应该是旧渔场下降得更快。所以该题A项正确。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“通过说这些数字是保守的(第三段第一行),Worm博士的意思是?”。根据本题直接定位到本文第三段第四句Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes(这意味着更高比例的海洋生物正在被捕捞,所以现在和过去之间的真正差异可能比捕捞规模变化所记录的更糟糕),由此可知因为科技的进步给捕鱼带来的巨大的方便,但是这些数字是保守估计是因为海洋生物遭受了更大的破坏。A项“捕鱼技术进步很快”是给捕鱼带来了方便,但不符合本题题意;B项“捕鱼量实际上比记录的要小”该说法没有原文依据,原文只提到海洋生物遭受了更大的破坏;D项“到目前为止收集到的日期已经过时了”与本题无关。所以该题C项正确。

4.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“迈尔斯博士和其他研究人员认为?”。根据本题关键词“Dr.Myers”定位到本文最后一段第一句Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount(迈尔斯和沃姆博士认为,他们的工作给出了一个正确的基线,未来的管理工作必须加以考虑),由此可知应该要调整捕鱼的基线来改变当前的状态。A项“人们应该寻找一个长期不起作用的基准”说法错误,是要寻找一个有效的基线;B项“渔业应将产量保持在生物量的50%以下”,该说法错误,根据倒数第二句可知应当是保持在50%,而不是50%之下;C项“海洋生物量应该恢复到原来的水平”说法不全面,是要恢复到原始水平的50%。所以该题D项正确。

5.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者似乎主要关注大多数渔业的什么?”。A项“管理效率”;B项“生物量水平”;C项“捕获的大小限制”;D项“技术应用”。整篇文章都是围绕海洋生物的量展开的,而且文章中反复出现了“biomass”,所以可知,作者大多关注海洋生物总量的变化。所以该题B项正确。

11.单选题

Thepopularbookwas(

)byapanelofexperts,workinginconjunctionwiththepublisher.

问题1选项

A.composed

B.comprised

C.conceived

D.compiled

【答案】D

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。Compose“构成;写作”;comprise“包含,由……组成”;conceive“怀孕;构思”;compile“编译,编制”。句意:这本颇受欢迎的书是由专家小组编制而成,与出版社互相协调而成的。选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

David()hiscompany’ssuccesstotheunityofallthestaffandtheirperseveringhardwork.

问题1选项

A.pledged

B.contributed

C.acknowledged

D.attributed

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。pledge“保证;许诺”;contribute“贡献,出力”;acknowledge“承认,答谢”;attribute“归属;把……归于”。根据关键词success可知空格处的意思是“将成功归功于……”,因此选项D符合题意。

13.翻译题

教育无所不在,可以在任何场合进行,可以在淋浴时,也可以在工作中;可以在厨房里,也可以在拖拉机上,教育既包括在学校的正规学习,也包括整个非正规学习的过程。从德高望重的爷爷奶奶到在电视上就时政展开唇枪舌战的人们;从年幼的孩子到著名的科学家都可以是教育者。一个人从婴儿时期起就开始接受教育。教育是一项终身的活动,是人的一生中自始至终不可或缺的组成部分。

【答案】Educationexistsalmosteverywhere.Itcanbegivenonanyoccasion,forexample,whenyouaretakingashower,ordoingajob,andevenwhenyouareinthekitchenoronatractor.Educationincludesnotonlytheregularattendingschoolforlearning,butalsothenon-normallearningoffschool.Everyonecanbeaneducator,fromthehighly-respectedgrandparentstothecriticswhohavespurredastrongdebateoncurrentpoliticsonTVandfromyoungkidstowell-knownscientists,etc.Onereceiveseducationfrominfancy.Education,asalife-longactivity,isallthewaytheindispensablepartofone’slife.

14.单选题

Thestoryistoldthatinthe,medievalUniversityofParistheprofessorsweredisputingaboutthenumberofteethinahorse’smouth.Theyagreedthatthenumbercouldnotbeamultipleofthree,forthatwouldbeanoffensetotheTrinity;norcoulditbeamultipleaseven.NeithertherecordsofAristotlenortheargumentsofStThomasenabledthemtosolvetheproblem.Thenashockingthinghappened.Astudentwhohadbeenlisteningthediscussionwentout,openedahorsedmouthandcountedtheteeth.

Iwanttodrawtwoconclusionsfromthisparable.Thefirstisthatourpresentperplexitiesaboutuniversitiesderivefromtheactofthismedievalstudent.Hesymbolizesthebeginningofobjectiveinquiry,therevoltagainstauthority,theempiricalattitude,thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife.Hisactintroducedresearchintotheuniversity.Afterthehorse'smouthwasopenedknowledgebecameanopensystem.Thesecond-conclusionisthatwemustthinktwicebeforewebecomenostalgicaboutthetraditionaluniversityideal.Noteverythingaboutthetraditionaluniversityisworthpreserving.Themedievaluniversitywashostiletowhatwenowcallacademicfreedom.Tostayoutsidethecorpusacademicismsetbookseventointerprettheminnovelwayswastocourtheresy.Thetraditionaluniversitywasnotmuchinterestedindiscovery:itwaspreoccupiedwithtransmissionofacrystallizedculture.Itwasatcertainperiodsnoteveninterestedinknowledgeforitsownsake.Manyscholarspursuedknowledge.Ifnorforprefermentthenasameansofspiritualandintellectualhealth,justasamanplays,golfnotforthesakeofgolfbuttokeepdownweight.

Iwanttofollowthesetwolinesofthoughtbyraisingthreequestion.Thefirstiswhatdowewanttoperpetuatefromtheuniversity'slongtradition?What,inotherwords,isthecontentofourloyaltytotheuniversityideal?Secondlywhatobligationsdoestheuniversityhave—_whatloyaltiesoughtittofoster—towardscontemporarysociety?Andthirdly,whataretheprospectsthatthesetwoloyalties—onetoatraditionaluniversityidealtheothertothesocietyinwhichwelivecanbereconciled?

1.Thepassagemainlydiscusses(

).

2.Theauthorusestheparabletoshowthat(

).

3.Thepassagestatesthat(

).

4.Theauthorwouldprobablyagreewith(

).

5.Theword“novel”inparagraph2isasynonymto(

).

6.Itcouldbeinferredthattheauthormentionsallthefollowingexcept(

).

问题1选项

A.themostimportantfunctionofauniversity

B.thedifferencesbetweenmodernandmedievaluniversities

C.thecontentoftheuniversityideal

D.theauthor'sopiniononeducation

问题2选项

A.scientificresearchshouldbebasedonfact

B.thetraditionaluniversityidealisacceptable

C.oneshouldalwaysobserveanimalscarefully

D.onemustlistencarefullytowhatotherssay

问题3选项

A.Therelationshipbetweenteacherandstudentisverysimple

B.Manyscholarspursueknowledgeforspiritualandintellectualhealth

C.Therealizationoftheuniversityidealdependsonseveralimportantfactors

D.Theuniversity'slongtraditionalispreferredbymanyscholars

问题4选项

A.Theoriesmustbecombinedwithpractice.

B.Scienceisnotrelatedtoimaginations

C.Theteachingenvironmentisthemostimportantinachievingtheuniversityideal

D.Themedievaluniversityhadlittlemerits.

问题5选项

A.clever

B.brave

C.new

D.interesting

问题6选项

A.thetraditionalteachingmethods

B.objectiveinquiry

C.thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife

D.revoltagainstauthority

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:C

第6题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。作者通过寓言引出传统教育理念,并对此做出两个结论:第一,我们目前对大学的困惑源于这位中世纪学生的行为,即客观探究、反抗权威等;第二,对传统大学理念要三思后再考虑践行。最后,作者提出三个疑问,一是我们应该延续传统大学的什么内容?大学有什么义务?这两种忠诚(一种是对传统大学理想的忠诚,另一种是对社会的忠诚)的前景是什么?这些内容都是和教育有关,因此答案为D选项“作者对教育的看法”。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中“Iwanttodrawtwoconclusionsfromthisparable.”,中文翻译为我想从这个寓言中得出两个结论。以及后文“Thefirstisthatourpresentperplexitiesaboutuniversitiesderivefromtheactofthismedievalstudent.Hesymbolizesthebeginningofobjectiveinqu

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