高一虚拟语气

高一英语 虚拟语气【知识梳理】二虚拟语气在非真实条件句中时态、虚拟条件句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词用were）主语+should,would, could,might+动词原形IfIdidnthaveameetingtoattendnow,Iwouldnotleaveyoualoneathome.IfIwereyou,Ishouldseizethechancetogoabroad.与过去事实相反的假设If+主语+had+过去分词主语+should,would, could,might+have+过去分词Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexams.与将来事实相反的假设①If+主语+did②If+主语+wereto+动词原形③If+主语+should+动词原形主语+should,would, could,might+动词原形Ifhewereherethisevening,wewouldplaycards.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.Ifsheshouldnotcometomorrow,weshouldputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday.使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点：1.“混合虚拟工动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作由相应的调整。如：Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow,andyouwouldgraduatefromacollegeinfouryears'time..if省略句在条件句中可省略if,把were,had,should提到句首，变为倒装句式。如：IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.fWereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.fHadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.fShoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing..含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是由现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句或隐藏条件句。常见的词有：with,without,butfor,or,otherwise,but等。Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?(=ifyouhadamilliondollars)Withoutyourhelp(=ifyouhadn'thelpedme),Icouldn'havefinishedmyjob.Butfortherain(=Ifithadn'tbeenfortherain),wewouldhavefinishedthework.Iwasillthatday.Otherwise(=IfIhadn'tbeen川thatday),Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.(副词)陈述事实+otherwise+虚拟语气(would/could/might+havedone表过去would/could/might+do表现在和将来)Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet,butIwasillthatday.(连词)虚拟语气+but+1陈述事实I，虚拟语气用法同上。二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用1.用于宾语从句中①用于wish后面的宾语从句中wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形式为：did(表示现在),haddone(表示过去),could/would/might+动词原形(表将来)如：Iwish(that)Iwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.Iwish(that)Ihadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.HowIwishitweren'trainingnow.用于表示建议、要求、命令等词后的 宾语从句中，常见的动词有：suggest,propose,advise,recommend,require,request,insist,demand,desire,order,command,，等。结构为should+动词原形”,should可以省略。如：Hesuggestedthatwe(should)startoffearlythenextday.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.注意：当suggest表示暗示、表明”之意时，不用虚拟语气，应用陈述语气。如：Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.当insist表示坚持认为”之意时，不用虚拟语气，应用陈述语气。如：Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.在wouldrather后的宾语从句中，也用虚拟语气，其构成为动词用过去式did表现在和将来,用过去完成表示过去。如：Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruthnow.Iwouldratheryouhadn'ttoldmeabout..用于主语从句中一是用于表示建议、要求、命令等词的 形式主语从句中，如Itissuggested/proposed/requested/desired…+that从句,二是句型Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural…+that从句，这些从句中的谓语动词用“should动词原形:should可以省略。如：Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatradios(should)notbeplayedafter11o'clockatnight.Itisnecessarythathe(should)besenttoMiami..在表示建议、要求、命令等名词后的 表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，如suggestion,proposal,order,request,advice其构成是“should+动词原形如：Hisorderisthatthecloth(should)bewovenrightnow.WeallagreedtohissuggestionthatweshouldgotoDalianforsight-seeing.三、虚拟语气用在asif(asthough)从句和ifonly(但愿)引导的感叹句中其用法和wish的宾语从句相似，即过去时(表示现在),过去完成时(表示过去),could/would/might+动词原形(表将来)如：Helooksasifhewereanartist.Thechildisactingasifhewereanadult.(虚拟)IfonlyIwereaflyingbird!=HowIwishIwereaflyingbird!IfonlyIhadseenthefilm!=HowIwishIhadseenthefilm!注意asif/asthough从句表达真实的情况就要用陈述语气。Itiscloudy.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.(真的就要下雨)四、虚拟语气用于特殊句型中1.Itis(high/about)time(that) 从句谓语动词用did,或should+动词原形(其中should不能省略)。如：Itis(high/about)timethatyouwenttoschool.Itis(high)timethatweshouldstartout.示祝愿的祈使句.常见句型是Mayyou+动词原形，Longlive+主语Mayyousucceed!祝你成功！！LongliveChina! 中华人民共和国万岁！【典型例题分析】[题1]—Canyoucometoattendourpartytonight?—Sorry,butIdowishI.A.hadB.can C.willD.could【答案解析】分析上下文语境可以知道，wish引导的宾语从句表示与将来事实相反的愿望，故应用would,could+动词原形。答案Do[题2]ItisnecessarythatpeoplebothyoungandoldinChinasomeEnglishtobepreparedfortheOlympicGamestobeheldinBeijingin2008.A.learnB.willlearn C.mustlearnD.havelearned【答案解析】在句型Itisnecessary(strange,natural,important...)+从句结构中,从句中谓语动词要用"should+动词原形"构成，should可以省略。答案Ao[题3]Ifhehislegsinthelasttraining,hethecomingWorldCup,whichhehasbeenlongingtocompetein.A.hadn'thurt;wouldjoininB.hadn'thurt;wouldhavetakenpartinC.didnthurt;wouldgoinforD.didnthurt;wouldhavetakenpartin【答案解析】该题是由if引导的条件状语从句，表示一种假设，从句中的动作过去发生，与过去事实相反，主句的动作与将来事实相反，故从句谓语动词用haddone,主句用would(could,might)+动词原形。答案Ao[题4]Iwascaughtinatrafficjamforoveranhour,otherwiseIyouwaitingforsuchalongtime.A.willnotkeepB.havenotkeptC.hadnotkeptD.wouldnothavekept【答案解析】根据句子意义，otherwise前的分句为客观事实，使用的为一般过去时，而otherwise后一分句则表示与过去事实相反的一种假设，句中实际省略了ifIhadn'tbeencaught选项部分应为与过去事实相反的主句虚拟结构 ，应选wouldn'thavekept答案D。[题5]Thoughthegirlhadbeensufferingfromtheblooddisease,sheactedasifnothingtoherwhilefacingherfriendsandrelations.A.happenedB.wouldhappenC.washappenedD.hadhappened【答案解庙】在asif,asthough引导的方式状语从句中,从句谓语动词要用虚拟结构，该句是表示与过去事实相反的动作，要用had+过去分词构成。答案Do【巩固训练】答案： 1-5CDCBB 6-10CCDDB 11-15BACDA16-20BBABD 21-25BACCB 26-30CDBDB.Theteacherdemandedthattheexambeforeeleven.A.mustfinish B.wouldbefinishedC.befinished D.mustbefinished解析：虚拟语气中用于表示建议、 愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中，常见的动词有： demand,order,require,insist,suggest,propose,advise,recommend等。结构为“should劭词原形"should可以省略。. “Whyidn'youbuyanewcar?”"WouldhaveboughtoneifIenoughmoney.”解析：didn'和wouldhavebought都表明了后句表示与过去事实相反，故从句谓语动词用 haddone,A.hadB.havehadC.wouldhaveD.hadhad.Itisreallystrangethatthegirlsoearly.A.hasbeenmarriedB.hasmarriedC.bemarried D.wouldmarry解析：Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural …+W0t,这些从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原形"should可以省略。.Idratheryourightaway.A.leave B.leftC.willleave D.toleave解析：在wouldrather后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气， 具构成为动词用过去式表示现在和将来★5.Thesuggestionhasbeenmadethebasketballgame putoff.A.for;toB.that;beC.which;shouldbeD.to;being解析：后面一句“篮球比赛被推迟”是解释suggestion的内容，所以后面是一句名词性从句，故用引导词that,又因为建议所以名词性从句中要用虚拟语气， 其构成是(should)+动词原形”，所以答案是Bo★6.today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves解析：考查虚拟语气条件句，if从句是与将来事实相反的假设。正常语序可用Ifheweretoleave/werehetoleave,ifheshouldleave/shouldheleave,以及ifheleft,再结合省略倒装，只有C正确。★7.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshesing,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.A.couldntB.shouldn't C.can't D.mightnot解析：….factthatshesing是做fact的同位语从句，解释了fact的内容，并不是非真实的条件句， 所以不用虚拟。8.HadIknownhername,.A.ordoessheknowmine? B.andwheredoesshelive?C.shewouldbebeautifulD.Iwouldhaveinvitedhertolunch解析：前半句是if条件句中对过去事实的虚拟，所以后面主句用would(could,might)+havedone。★9.-YoucouldhaveaskedMr.Richardforhelp.Heissokind.一Yes.Awholeday.A.hadbeenwastedB.wouldwasteC.wasted D.waswasted解析：couldhaveasked，本可以。。。实际情况是当初并没有，此处是和过去事实相反的虚拟。但“一整天被浪费了”是事实，所以用一般过去式。Ileftveryearlylastnight,butIwishIsoearly.A.didn'tB.hadn'tleftC.haven'tleftD.couldn'tleave解析：Iwish后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气。 lastnight表明时间是过去，故从句用haddone。It'shightimethatwetoschool.A.wouldtoB.wentC.go D.willgo解析：Itis(high/about)time(that),从句谓语动词用did,或should+动词原形(其中should不能省略)。Heinsistedthatweallinhisofficeatoneo'clock.A.be B.tobe C.wouldbeD.shallbeHeinsistedthathemebefore.A.seeB.shouldseeC.hadseenD.saw★解析：12题中的insist表示“坚持要求"所以用法同题1里的demand,用虚拟。而13题中的insist表示坚持认为”之意，不用虚拟语气，应用陈述语气，故选C.

Ifhetotheteacherattentively,hetheanswertotheproblemnow.A..hadlistened,wouldhaveknownB.listened,wouldknowC.listened,wouldhaveknownD.hadlistened,wouldknow解析：此题考查混合虚拟工动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作由相应的调整。条件句中与过去事实相反的假设，主句是与现在事实相反的事实。thatyouwerewaiting★15.Iwouldhavecomeearlier,butIforme.thatyouwerewaitingdidntknowC.wouldhaveknowndidntknowC.wouldhaveknownhadntknowD.haven'nown解析：此题考查含蓄虚拟，虚拟语气+but+陈述事实，故不用虚拟。★16.TheytwofreeticketstoCanada,otherwisethey'dneverhavebeenabletoaffordtogo.A.hadgotB.got C.havegot D.get解析：此题考查含蓄虚拟，otherwisethey'dneverhavebeen…这一句用了与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，而“他们弄到了两张免费去加拿大的票”确是事实，故用一般过去时，即 陈述事实+otherwise+虚拟语气。★17.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI'dratherhemoreonitsculture.A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused解析：wouldrather后接句子时，要用虚拟，根据前半句isgoingto的提示可知，此句是对将来虚拟， wouldrather后用过去时代替现在和将来，故用focused.★18.yousucceedandyoubehealthy!A.May;mayB.Wish;wishC.Hope;hopeD.Should;may解析：Mayyou+动词原形，表示祝愿，所以选A。19.Ifwehadtakensucheffectivemeasuresmuchearlier,theriver

soseriouslynow.A.isnotpollutedsoseriouslynow.A.isnotpollutedC.hadnotbeenpolluted

解析：本题考察混合虚拟语气,

表示过去，而在主句中则用了D.wouldnothavebeenpollutedif引导的条件虚拟句中用了 earliernow,表示与现在事实相反的虚拟 ，所以用would/could-do这个结构★20.Thelocalpeasantsgavethesoldiersclothesandfoodwithoutwhichtheyofcoldandhunger.A.woulddie B.willdieC.wouldbedeadD.wouldhavedied解析：本题是含蓄虚拟和定语从句的结合，withoutwhich即withoutclothesandfood=Iftheyhadn'thadclothesandfood意思是如果没有了衣服和事物，士兵们早已死于饥寒交迫。主句中的谓语动词是gave,表示是与过去事实相反的虚拟，故用would/could …havedone个结构。 Howmuchoftheforeignexpertsspeechhaveyouunderstood? Nexttonothing.IwishIharderatEnglish.A.workedB.hadworkedC.wouldworkD.wereworking解析：本题考察的是由Iwish引导的虚拟句，本句的意思是，我多么希望我学英语更努力点的（我也不至于英语讲座什么都听不到了），过去不努力学导致今天听不懂，所以用hadworkedThepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IfonlyItoit.A.hadnotgoneB.havenotgoneC.didnotgo D.cannothavegone解析：本题考察ifonly引导的感叹句。第一个句子中的bored表示时态为过去。而在ifonly句型中因该用haddone表示对过去事实的虚拟，因此答案是A翻译为，要是我没有去参观摄影展该多好啊。ttoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldbeputoffuntilthesametimenextweek.A.Should;/B.If;should |c.Were;/ D.If;wasgoing解析：从句中的tomorrow提示从句中有三种表达方式表将来：ifitshouldrain/shoulditrain,ifitweretorain/wereittorain,及ifitrained.根据空格位置及to,因此考的是wereittorain.★24. Sorryforhavingkeptyouwaiting.Butforthetrafficjam,20minutesearlier. Nevermind.Ihaven'tbeenwaitingthatlong.A.arrived B.wouldarriveC.wouldhavearrivedD.hadarrived解析：此题属于含蓄虚拟,butforthetrafficjam=ifithadn'tbeenforthetrafficjam。20minutesearlier表示是与过去事实相反的虚拟，因此用wouldhavedone。翻译为：要不是交通堵塞，我20分钟前就已经到了。25.——I'msorry.Iatyoutheotherday. Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.A.shouldn'tshout B.shouldn'thaveshoutedC.mustn'tshout D.mustn'thaveshouted解析：结合对话内容和时间状语theotherday可以推断由空格意思为“本不应该。。。”，所以应选shouldn'thavedone.26.Gracedoesn'twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshethere,shewouldn'beabletoseeherparentsveryoften.A.livesB.wouldliveC.livedD.wereliving解析：根据Gracedoesn'twanttomovetoNewYork这一事实和后面的wouldn't而非won't可推断由此处的if条件句是非真实的，所以用虚拟。★27..Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage,otherwisewemoreplacesofinterestyesterday.A.visitedB.hadvisitedC.wouldvisitD.wouldhavevisited解析：此题前半句是真实情况，而otherwise则隐藏着一句虚拟条件句,因为有yesterday,所以=ifwehadn'tlostourway,所以主句应为情态动词+havedown的结构。

Ifmycarmorereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.A.was |B.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbe解析：该句是典型的虚拟条件句，从lastsummer可以看由是对过去进行假设。Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfItime,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.had解析：从now可以看由，这句话是对现在情况的假设。fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A.WouldyoubeB.ShouldyoubeC.CouldyoubeD.Mightyoube解析：前半句是对将来的假设，情态动词应用 should,放在句首是用了倒装。二、任务型阅读：growing32.truth33.aware34.temporarily35.until36.works37.conclude38.failed39.controlled40.safe解析：本文的主旨可以从标题 passwordsarenosafeguards便可得知。文章共六小节,可分文三部分。 1工2小节引生主愚，介绍了人们并没有意识到他彳门的个人信息一旦输入龟脑就不再安全了， 而且危险正日益增长。3,4小节介绍了计算机存储信息的工作原理。 5,631,34,35A是向义转换题小节介绍了TalGarfinkel和他的团队的相关研究。31,34,35A是向义转换题37是文章原词。32,33,40是概括理解题。36,38,39①Typingyourpassword①Typingyourpassword（密码）orcreditcardnumberintoacomputerisamoment'work.Butifyouthinkyourpersonaldetailsdisappearassognasyouhitthereturnkey,thinkagain:theycansitonthecomputer'sharddiskforyearswaitingforahackeM客）totakethem.②Aspeoplespendmoretimeonthewebandhackersbecomemoreexperienced,thedangersofstoringpersonalinformationoncomputersare31.growingbytheday,securityexpertssay.Therearesomesafeguards,suchasneverallowingyourcomputertostoreyourpasswords.Buteventhatisnoguaranteeofsecurity.③Whenyoutypeinapassword,itisstoredinrandomaccessmemory（RAM）,whereitisheld34.temporarilyuntilotherdataoverwritesitorthecomputerisswitchedoff.④ThecomputercopiesthecontentsofitsRAMontoharddisk,whereitiseasytotakeforahacker,whocanreaditdirectlyordesignawormtoe-mailitbac