考研考博-英语-三峡大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-三峡大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.翻译题

ItisunderstandablethatpublishersareconcernedthattheirjournalsareselectedbyISIforinclusioninitsdatabase.Indeed,itissometimesarguedthatthesurvivalofaparticularjournaldependsonISI'sdecisiontocoveritinCurrentContents.Ajournal'sultimatesuccessdependsuponitsquality,distribution,andmanyothercompetitivefactorsincludingcostandtimeliness.Anyoneofthesefactors,includingcoveragebyISI,canmakethedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.

Ajournal'sreputationmaynottellthecompletestoryaboutitsimpactonthescholarlycommunity.Infact,astudyonsocialsciencejournalssuggestsquitetheopposite.Theirresearchshowedthatthereisanonlinearrelationshipbetweenajournal'sreputationanditsimpact,especiallyattheextremesoftheprestigescale.Theyconcludethatcitationdata“permitscholarstoevaluatetheimportanceofjournalsbasednotonopinionbutonthefrequencyofcitations”andthat“frequencyofcitationimpliesscholarlyacceptance,oratleastacknowledgmentofimportancethroughutilizationofothers'work.”Theresearchersgoontomentionthat“journalshaveprestige,buttheirprestigeisonlyderivedfromtheusefulnessofthearticlestheypublish.”

TranslatedthefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

【答案】出版者关心他们的期刊被ISI数据库选中,这是可以理解的。事实上,有人争论一本期刊的命运取决于ISI是否将它收录在《最新内容》里。期刊的最终成功靠的是它的质量、发行以及许多其他竞争因素,包括成本和及时性。这些因素中的任何一个,包括ISI的覆盖范围都能决定成败。

期刊的知名度并不能说明它对学术界的影响力。事实上,一项对社会科学杂志的研究结果恰恰相反。研究表明期刊的知名度和它的影响力之间没有直接关系,特别是在声望范围。他们总结道,“学者们根据引用数据评估期刊的重要性,但是,不是基于期刊的观点而是基于其引用频率。引用频率暗示了学术界的认可,至少通过利用其他人的著作承认了这一重要性。”研究者们还说,“期刊也有声望,但是他们的声望仅源于他们出版的文章的有用性。”

2.单选题

Theteacherblamedhisstudentsforplayingpranksintheclassroom.

问题1选项

A.tricks

B.nudes

C.cribs

D.quips

【答案】A

【解析】句意：老师责备他的学生在教室里搞恶作剧。pranks指“恶作剧”。tricks诡计，骗局；nudes肉色针织物；cribs婴儿床，栅栏；quips妙语，讽刺语。选项A与之意思相近。

3.单选题

Theyplanto（

）therun-downhouseinayear’stime.

问题1选项

A.revive

B.renovate

C.replace

D.remove

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。revive意为“复兴，复苏，重新使用”；renovate意为“翻新，修复，整修”；replace意为“替换”；remove意为“开除”。

句意：他们计划一年时间内修复这栋破旧的房子。

4.单选题

Whenyouareatcollege,youshouldnot（）yourstudy.

问题1选项

A.getabigkickin

B.foolaroundwith

C.setaside

D.drawon

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项getabigkickin“得到极大的乐趣”；B选项foolaroundwith“与不三不四的人鬼混”；C选项setaside“驳回，不管”；D选项drawon“利用，吸收”。句意：在上大学的时候，你不应该把学习放在一边不管不顾。选项C符合语境。

5.单选题

Thechildrencheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（

）slowlyintothesky.

问题1选项

A.heaving

B.raising

C.ascending

D.floating

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。heave意为“举起”；raise意为“提升，提高”；ascend意为“上升，升高”；float意为“浮动，漂流”。此处为动词的现在分词作宾补。

句意：当看到几百个彩色气球慢慢地升向天空时，孩子们欢呼起来。

6.单选题

Thecitysigneda/an（

）contractwithItalyinordertomakefulluseoftheirnaturalresourcesandcapital.

问题1选项

A.unusual

B.influential

C.residential

D.reciprocal

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项unusual“不寻常的”；B选项influential“有影响的，有势力的”；C选项residential“住宅的”；D选项reciprocal“互惠的”。句意：为了充分利用其自然资源和资本，该市与意大利签订了互惠合约。选项D符合句意。

7.单选题

Thereisthefearthatbabiesmightbegeneticallyalteredtosuittheparents’wishes.

问题1选项

A.enhanced

B.revised

C.alternated

D.modified

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。alterto表示“更改，改变”；A项enhance“增强”，B项revise“修正，校订”，C项alternate“交替的，轮流的”，D项modify“修改，修饰”。句意：人们担心婴儿的基因会被改变以满足父母的愿望。根据句意可知，选择D项正确。

8.单选题

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Experience.

B.Flexibility.

C.Familybackground.

D.Businessconnections.

问题2选项

A.Buyingdirectlyfromfactories.

B.Shippinggoodsinbulkbysea.

C.Havingpartnersinmanypartsoftheworld.

D.Usingthesamecontainerbackandforth.

问题3选项

A.Warehouses.

B.Factories.

C.Investors.

D.Retailers.

问题4选项

A.Trendystyle.

B.Uniquedesign.

C.Lowerimportduties.

D.Lowershippingcosts.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】ConversationTwo

W:I’veworkedininternationaltradeallmylife.Myfatherdidsotoobeforeme.SoIguessyoucouldsayitrunsinthefamily.

M:Whatproductshaveyouworkedwith?

W:Allsorts,really.I’veimportedtextiles,machinery,toys,solarpanels,allkindsofthingsovertheyears.Trendsanddemandcomeandgo.[5]So,oneneedstobeveryflexibletosucceedinthisindustry.

M:Isee.Whatgoodsareyoutradingnow?

W:InowimportfurniturefromChinaintoItalyandfoodsfromItalyintoChina.[6]Ievenusethesamecontainer.It’saveryefficientwayofconductingtrade.

M:Thesamecontainer?Youmeanyouowna40-footcargocontainer?

W:Yeah,that’sright.[7]IhaveawarehouseinGenova,ItalyandanotherinShanghai.Isourcemid-centurymodernfurniturefromdifferentfactoriesinChina.It’sverygoodvalueformoney.IcollectitallinmywarehouseandthendispatchittomyotherwarehouseinItaly.OverthereIdothesame,butwithItalianfoodsinsteadoffurniture,thingslikepasta,cheese,wine,chocolates.AndIsendallthattomywarehouseinChinainthesamefreightcontainerIuseforthefurniture.

M:So,Ipresumeyousellbothlinesofproductswholesaleineachrespectivecountry.

W:Ofcourse.Ipossessanetworkofclientsandpartnersinbothcountries.That’sthemainbenefitofhavingdonethisforsolong.I’vemadegreatbusinesscontactsovertime.

M:Howmanytimesdoyouship?

W:Idid12shipmentslastyear,18thisyear,andIhopetogrowtoaround25nextyear.That’sbothways,thereandbackagain.DemandforauthenticItalianfoodinChinaisgrowingrapidly.Andsimilarly,salesofaffordableyetstylishwoodenfurniturearealsoincreasinginItaly.[8]Furnitureismarginallymoreprofitable,mostlybecauseitenjoyslowercustomsduties.

5.Whatdoesthewomanthinkisrequiredtobesuccessfulininternationaltrade?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问女士认为在国际贸易中取得成功需要什么条件？在录音的开头女士就提到国际贸易这个行业的趋势和需求一直在变化，所以要想在这个行业里获得成功，需要随机应变（flexible）。B选项flexibility是形容词词性flexible的名词形式，表达的意思是一致的，因此正确。A选项“经验”；C选项“家庭背景”和D选项“业务关系”，虽然录音中似乎有相关信息能够推断出以上选项，但女士并没有说以上是在行业中获得成功的必要条件，因此可排除。

6.Whatdoesthewomansayisspecialaboutherwayofdoingtrade?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问女士说她做生意的方式有什么特别之处？录音中女士说她在做中意贸易时，货运的往来使用同一个集装箱（usethesamecontainer），并说这是一种非常有效的贸易方式。D选项“来回使用同一个集装箱”是对录音原文的同义复述，因此正确。A选项“直接从工厂进货”，这只是贸易的进货方式，并不是其特别之处，因此可排除；B选项“通过海运大批量运货”在录音中没有信息提及；C选项“在世界很多地方都有合作伙伴”，文中只提到中国和意大利，并没有涉及其他地区，因此C选项不准确，也可排除。

7.WhatdoesthewomanhaveinbothItalyandChina?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问女士在意大利和中国都有什么。女士提到她在意大利热那亚有一个仓库（warehouse），在中国上海也有一个，因此A选项“仓库”正确。B选项“工厂”；C选项“投资者”和D选项“零售商”均不正确。

8.Whatdoesthewomansaymakesfurnituremarginallymoreprofitable?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问女士认为是什么使得家具行业的利润略高。在对话最后，女士提到家具行业的利润略高一些，主要是因为它享有较低的关税（lowercustomsduties）。因此C选项“较低的进口税”是对录音原文的同义转述，因此正确。A选项“潮流风格”，录音中虽提及木制家具在意大利很受欢迎，但并不是利润高的原因，因此不正确；B选项“独特的设计”和D选项“较低的运费”在录音中均未提及。

9.单选题

（

）ofyoucouldbelostintheforestofbuildings.

问题1选项

A.Anyone

B.Anyboby

C.Anyone

D.One

【答案】C

【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意：你们中的任何一个人都有可能在森林前面的建筑那迷路。anyone和anybody不能与of连用，anyone可以和of连用，所以选项C符合题意。

10.单选题

Inordertoshowhisbosswhatacarefulworkerhewas,hetook（）troubleoverthefigures.

问题1选项

A.extensive

B.spare

C.extra

D.supreme

【答案】C

【解析】extensive广泛的,大量的；spare多余的,少量的；extra额外的；supreme最高的,最重要的。句意：为了让老板知道他是一个多么细心的工人,他在数据上花了额外的功夫。

11.单选题

Althoughshegivesbadly（

）titlestohermusicalcompositions,theyincorporateunusualcombinationsofmaterialsincludingGregorianchant,Asianscalepatternsandrhythms,electronicsounds,andbirdsongs.

问题1选项

A.exotic

B.eccentric

C.imaginative

D.conventional

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。exotic异国的，外来的eccentric古怪的，反常的；imaginative虚构的，富于想象的；conventional符合习俗的，日常的。句意：尽管她糟糕地给她的音乐作品赋以寻常的（传统的）题目，但是这些作品却体现出对一些材料的不寻常整合，比如罗马教的圣歌、亚洲的音阶风格节奏、古怪的声响和鸟鸣。由although及unusual可知空格处所填单词应与unusual相反，故答案为D。

12.单选题

WhenthefirstofthetwoVikinglanderstoucheddownonMartiansoilonJuly20,1976,andbegantosendcameraimagesbacktoEarth,thescientistsattheJetPropulsionLaboratorycouldnotsuppressacertainnervousanticipation,likepeoplewhoholdatickettoalotterytheyhaveaone-in-a-millionchanceofwinning.Thefirstphotographsthatarrived,however,didnotcontainanyevidenceoflife.Whatrevealeditselftothemwasmerelyabarrenlandscapelitteredwithrocks.Theviewresemblednothingsomuchasaflatsectionofdesert—infact,thewinningentryinacontestatJ.P.L.forthephotographmostaccuratelypredictingwhatMarswouldlooklikeasasnapshottakeninaparticularlyaridsectionoftheMojaveDesert.

Thescientistsweresoonreadytoturntheirattentionfromvisiblelifetomicroorganisms.ThetwinVikinglanderscarriedthreeexperimentsdesignedtodetectcurrentbiologicalactivityandonetodetectorganiccompounds,becauseresearchersthoughtitpossiblethatlifehaddevelopedonearlyMarsjustasitisthoughttohavedevelopedonEarth,throughthegradualchemicalevolutionofcomplexorganicmolecules（分子）.Todetectbiologicalactivity,Martiansoilsamplesweretreatedwithvariousnutrientsthatwouldproducecharacteristicby-productsiflifeformswereactiveinthesoil.Theresultsfromallthreeexperimentswereinconclusive.Thefourthexperimentheatedasoilsampletolookforsignoforganicmaterialbutfoundnone,anunexpectedresultbecauseatleastorganiccompoundsfromthesteadybombardmentoftheMartiansurfacebymeteorites（限星）werethoughttohavebeenpresent.

Theabsenceoforganicmaterial,somescientistsspeculated,wastheresultofintenseultravioletradiationpenetratingtheatmospherewhichwasatonetimerichincarbondioxideandthusthickenoughtoprotectitssurfacefromtheharmfulrayoftheSun,thecarbondioxidehadgraduallylefttheatmosphereandbeenconvertedintorocks.ThismeansthateveniflifehadgottenastartonearlyMars,itcouldnothavesurvivedtheexposuretoultravioletradiationwhentheatmospherethinned.MarsneverdevelopedaprotectivelayerofozoneasEarthdid.

DespitethedisappointedVikingresults,therearethosewhostillkeepopenthepossibilityoflifeonMars.TheypointoutthattheVikingdatacannotbeconsideredthefinalwordonMartianlifebecausethetwolandersonlysampledtwolimitedanduninterestingsites.TheVikinglandingsiteswerenotchosenforwhattheymighttelloftheplanet’sbiology.Theywerechosenprimarilybecausetheyappearedtobesafeoflandingaspacecraft.ThelandingsiteswereonpartoftheMartianplainsthatappearedrelativelyfeaturelessfromorbitalphotography.

ThetypeofMartianterrainthattheseresearcherssuggestmaybeapossiblehidingplaceforactivelifehasanearthlyparallel:theice-freeregionofsouthernVictorialand.Antarctica,wherethetemperaturesinsomedryvalleyaveragebelowzero.Organismsknownasendoliths,aformofblue-greenalgae(藻类)thathasadoptedtothisharshenvironment,werefoundlivinginsidecertainporousrocksintheseAntarcticvalleys.TheargumentbasedonthisdiscoveryisthatiflifedidexistonearlyMars,itispossiblethatitescapedworseningconditionbysimilarlyseekingtoodry,evencomparedwithAntarcticvalleys,tosustainanylifewhatsoever.

ShouldMarseventuallyprovetobecompletelybarrenoflife,assomesuspect,thenthiswouldhaveasignificantimpactonthecurrentviewofthechemicaloriginoflife.ItcouldbemuchmoredifficulttogetlifestartedonaplanetthanscientiststhoughtbeforetheVikinglandings.

1.Themajorpurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.TheauthorusedtheevidencefromthefourVikingexperiments(paragraph2)toestablishthat（）.

3.TheauthorsuggeststhatimportantdifferencebetweenMarsandEarthisthatunlikeEarth,Mars（）.

4.Inparagraph5,theresearchers'argumentthatlifemayexistinMartianrocksrestsontheideathat（）.

问题1选项

A.relateanaccountofanextraordinaryscientificachievement

B.underminetheprevailingbeliefthatlifemayexistonMars

C.showthelimitationsofthescientificinvestigationofotherplanets

D.discusstheeffortsofscientiststodeterminewhetherMartianlifeexist

问题2选项

A.meteoritesdonotstrikethesurfaceofMarsasoftenasscientistshadthought.

B.therewasnoexperimentalconfirmationofthetheorythatlifeexistonMars.

C.currenttheoryastohowlifedevelopedonEarthisprobableflawed.

D.biologicalactivityhasbeenshowntobeabsentfromthesurfaceofMars.

问题3选项

A.couldnothavesustainedlifethatdeveloped

B.possessedatonetimeanatmosphererichincarbondioxide

C.isinthepathoftheharmfulraysofultravioletradiation

D.accumulatedorganiccompoundsfromthesteadybombardmentofmeteorites

问题4选项

A.lifeevolvedinthesamewayontwodifferentplanets

B.lifedevelopedintheformofblue-greenalgaeonMars

C.organismsmayadoptidenticalsurvivalstrategiesincomparableenvironments

D.endolithsarecapableoflivingintheharshenvironmentofMars

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章的主要目的是什么？”文章第一段提到科学家们通过图像并没有发现火星上可见的生命，接下来讲述了科学家们通过火星土样也没有发现火星上有微生物存在，然后推测原因，最后一段提到如果火星最后被证明没有生命存在可能带来的影响，由此可知本文主要是讲述了科学家们努力确定火星上有无生命，因此选项D符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者使用四个火星实验得来的证据是为了……”。文章第二段提到“因为研究人员认为有可能早期火星上的生命就想地球上的生命一样”（becauseresearchersthoughtitpossiblethatlifehaddevelopedonearlyMarsjustasitisthoughttohavedevelopedonEarth），但是在火星土样中没有发现任何迹象（Thefourthexperimentheatedasoilsampletolookforsignoforganicmaterialbutfoundnone），因此选项B“火星上有生命这一理论没有得到实验的证实”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为火星和地球之间的重要区别在于不像地球,火星……”。文章第三段提到“是强烈的紫外线辐射穿透大气层的结果”(wastheresultofintenseultravioletradiationpenetratingtheatmosphere)，最后一句提到“火星没有像地球那样形成一层保护臭氧层”(MarsneverdevelopedaprotectivelayerofozoneasEarthdid)。选项C“在紫外线辐射的有害射线路径上”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“在第五段中，研究者认为火星岩石上有生命的观点是依靠……”。文章第五段提到“基于该发现的论证是如果有生命存在于早期的火星上，那么这些生命就可能通过寻找比南极干谷更干燥的环境来维持生命形式”（TheargumentbasedonthisdiscoveryisthatiflifedidexistonearlyMars,itispossiblethatitescapedworseningconditionbysimilarlyseekingtoodry,evencomparedwithAntarcticvalleys,tosustainanylifewhatsoever），选项C“生命体在类似环境中可能采取同样的生存策略”符合题意。

13.单选题

Einsteinwasamandeeply（）totheidealofthemorallyresponsiblescientist.

问题1选项

A.affected

B.committed

C.subjected

D.maintained

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。affect“影响”；commit“承诺”；subject“使服从”,maintain“维修”。爱因斯坦是一个决心成为有责任感的科学家的人。选项B符合题意。

14.单选题

Lessthantwomonthsintoherbreastcancertreatment,AlexandraJn-CharleswascalledintoanewroomatSUNYDownstateMedicalCenter,wheretwotreatingphysicians,thechiefmedicalofficerandanattorneyrepresentingthehospitaltoldherthatmistakeshadbeenmade.

Theskinlesions(病变)onherchest,theysaid,hadbeencausednotbyherillnessbutbythemachinethatwassupposedtocureher.The32-year-oldhadreceivednearly30radiotherapysessions,butatthispointitdidn’treallymakesensetocountthem,becauseaprogrammingerrorhadcausedeachinstallmenttodeliveratleastthreetimestheprescribedamountofradiation.

Jn-Charles,whodiedtwoandahalfyearsafterthismeetingin2005,wouldeventuallycometoexemplifytheemergenceofaccidentalover-radiationinU.S.hospitals.Theworstoffhavereportedskindamage,inexplicablehairlossandribs(肋骨)bucklingbeneaththeirchests—debilitatinginjuriessufferedwhileundergoingscreeningortreatmentforsomethingthatwouldotherwisekillthem.Asteeppriceforsurvival.

Thesetragediesgotothecoreofanissueaspressingasitisuncomfortabletothinkabout:Haveadvancesintechnology,improvedtreatmentmethodsandmorecomprehensivescreeningprotocolsledtosystematic,excessiveirradiationofpatients?

Theanswer,accordingtoagrowingnumberofhealthexperts,isyes.Forexample,theCTscan,whichhasbecomecommonplaceinresponsetorisingcancerrates,isitselfthoughttoincreasethelikelihoodthatapersondevelopscancer.ThescansdeliverseveralhundredtimesmoreradiationthananX-ray—evenwhenguidelinesanddosagesarefollowedprecisely.“Whatwedoasphysiciansarguablyharmspeople,”JamesEhrlich,aclinicalassociateprofessorattheUniversityofColoradoandanadviserforPremierMicronutrientCorp.,toldNewsweek.

Ajarringexampleofthatcamein2010,whenWaltBogdanichpublishedanextensivereviewinTheNewYorkTimesthatlistednumerouspatientswhoseliveshadbeendestroyedbymistakesinhospitalimagingandradiotherapy.Shortlyafterthearticleserieswenttopress,theFoodandDrugAdministrationbegantorampupitseffortstolimitexcessiveexposure,eventuallylaunchingitsInitiativetoReduceUnnecessaryRadiationExposureFromMedicalImaging.

AlongwithorganizationsliketheAmericanCollegeofRadiology,theFDAnowsupportsanumberofso-calleddoseregistriesthatallowfacilitiestocompareradiationdoseindexestoregionalandnationalvalues.Todate,hundredsoffacilitiesacrosstheU.S.haveenrolled.

ButtheFDA’sregulatoryauthorityisgenerallyfocusedonequipmentmanufacturers,andcomplianceonthestatelevelisneverguaranteed.Andevencompliantfacilitiesruntheriskofover-radiatingpatients:A2012paperbytheInstituteofMedicinefoundthatmedicalimagingisoneoftheleadingenvironmentalcausesofbreastcancer_____.

1.TheskindamageonJn-Charles’chestwascausedby_____.

2.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoexplainbyexemplifyingJn-Charles?

3.WhatcanbelearntabouttheCTscan?

4.Whatdoestheword“rampup”mean?

5.TheauthorthinksFDA’ssolutiontoreduceradiationexposureis_____.

问题1选项

A.breastcancer

B.advancedtechnology

C.over-radiation

D.treatmentmethods

问题2选项

A.Thereisnoneedtowastesomuchmoneyfortotreatbreastcancer.

B.Untilnow,breastcancerisstillanincurableillnessaroundtheworld.

C.Thereisanincreasingnumberofyoungpeoplesufferingfromcancer.

D.ThereareincidentsofexcessiveirradiationofpatientsinAmerica.

问题3选项

A.Itisadouble-edgedswordinthetermofcancer.

B.Ithasbeenarguedinthemedicalprofession.

C.Itismuchsafertobeusedtotreatbreastcancer.

D.Theradiationdosagescanbecontrolledeasily.

问题4选项

A.Heatup.

B.Drawout.

C.Intensify.

D.Putup.

问题5选项

A.ineffective

B.loose

C.harmful

D.unnecessary

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第二段第一句话Theskinlesionsonherchest,theysaid,hadbeencausednotbyherillnessbutbythemachinethatwassupposedtocureher.The32-year-oldhadreceivednearly30radiotherapysessionbutatthispointitdidn’treallymakesensetocountthem,becauseaprogrammingerrorhadcausedeachinstallmenttodeliveratleastthreetimestheprescribedamountofradiation“他们说：她胸部的皮肤损伤不是因为她的病而是因为应该治好她的机器。这位32岁的患者接受了近30次放疗但在这一点上，没有真正的意义去计算它们，因为一个程序错误导致每个装置提供了至少三倍于规定的辐射量”，第二步，综合理解，由此可知答案选C选项“过度放疗”。

A选项“乳腺癌”，见正确选项解析，可知Ａ选项错误，属于反向干扰；

B选项“先进的科技”，定位到文章第四段第二句话Haveadvancesintechnology,improvedtreatmentmethodsandmorecomprehensivescreeningprotocolsledtosystematic,excessiveirradiationofpatients?“技术的进步、治疗方法的改进和更全面的筛查方案是否导致了对患者的系统性、过度照射？”文章虽然有提到先进技术，但这不是Jn-Charles胸部受伤的原因，这里属于出处错误；

D选项“治疗方法”，见正确选项解析，是因为程序错误导致患者接受了三倍的辐射，所以才造成患者出现灼伤，如果按照规定辐射来可能不会出现这种情况，所以不能选D选项，属于曲解文意。

2.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第三段第一句话Jn-Charles,whodiedtwoandahalfyearsafterthismeetingin2005,wouldeventuallycometoexemplifytheemergenceofaccidentalover-radiationinU.S.hospitals.“在这次会议结束两年半后的2005年，Jn-Charles去世了，他最终成为美国医院意外过度辐射的典型例子”，由此可知答案选D选项“在美国也有病人接受过度照射的案例”。

A选项“没有必要浪费这么多钱去治疗乳腺癌”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不能选；

B选项“到目前为止，乳腺癌在世界范围内仍是一种不治之症”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不能选；

C选项“越来越多的年轻人患癌症”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不能选。

3.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第五段第二句Forexample,theCTscan,whichhasbecomecommonplaceinresponsetorisingcancerrates,isitselfthoughttoincreasethelikelihoodthatapersondevelopscancer.“例如，CT扫描在应对不断上升的癌症发病率时已变得司空见惯，但它本身被认为会增加一个人患癌症的可能性”，第二步综合理解，从这里可知，在检测是否患癌症时，医生一般会用CT，但是CT会让使用者更容易得癌，所以说CT是把有利有弊的双刃剑，正确答案选A选项“对于癌症来说，这是一把双刃剑”。

B选项“医学界对此一直争论不休”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，不选；

C选项“用于治疗乳腺癌要安全得多”，定位到第五段倒数第二句话ThescansdeliverseveralhundredtimesmoreradiationthananX-ray—evenwhenguidelinesanddosagesarefollowedprecisely.“这种扫描产生的辐射量是X射线的数百倍——即使严格遵循指导方针和剂量”由此可知C选项错误这里属于反向干扰；

D选项“辐射剂量很容易控制”，虽然这里有提到剂量，但是没有提到剂量是否容易控制，而且文章病例是因为过度辐射而造成的，所以文章暗含着其实剂量不容易控制，这里属于无中生有。

4.词汇推断题。第一步，句中前后信息连接，rampup前面接的是一个机构后面接的是努力，第二步，上下文语义推测，整段的大意是一个令人吃惊的案例发表之后获得很大的关注，然后某机构出来推动限制使用辐射，避免患者过多暴露在辐射中，由上下文意可知，该机构在收到反馈之后是加大自己的努力，从这里可知答案选C选项“增强，强化”。

A选项“加热，升温”，不符合文章意思，属于无中生有；

B选项“拟定，导致”；

D选项“提供；建造”。

5.事实细节题，第一步，精准定位，定位到文章最后一段一二句ButtheFDA’sregulatoryauthorityisgenerallyfocusedonequipmentmanufacturers,andcomplianceonthestatelevelisneverguaranteed.Andevencompliantfacilitiesruntheriskofover-radiatingpatients．．．“但FDA的监管机构一般只关注设备制造商，无法保证州一级的合规。即使是符合规定的医疗机构也有对病人进行过度辐射的风险……”，由此可见作者对FDA所采取的措施有效与否是持否定态度的，所以答案选A选项“无效的”。

B选项“松散的”，文章并没有提及FDA在实施这些措施的时候是否严格，所以B选项不能选，属于无中生有；

C选项“有害的”，文章没有提到有害之处，属于无中生有；

D选项“没必要的”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

15.单选题

Framingaprobleminmythologicaltermscanpointtowardsolutionsatdeepermythiclevels.Forcenturies,theguidingmythofWesternculturehasbeenwhatmightbecalledthe“GrandNarrativeofProgress.”Itisthestoryofmovementtowardagoal—achievement,improvement,andconquest.Modernscienceandtechnologyhavepropelledthismyth,extendingthehumanlife-span,harnessingnaturalresourcesandthepoweroftheatom,carryingsoundsthroughtheatmosphere,andexploringouterspacebydefyinggravityitself.

Rationalthoughtandtheempiricalscientificmethodbecamethechiefinstrumentsoftheprogressmyth,andtheypromisedtodiscernwhicheconomicsystem,whichformofgovernment,andwhichaestheticdesignwouldbestleadhumanityoutofconfusiontowardautopianfuture.Assciencetestshypotheses,thosethatfailtobeverifiedareabandoned,allowingsciencetomoveforwardinaself-correcting,progressivedirection.

Mythologywasequatedwithsuperstitionandfalsehood:itsmostvitalelementscouldnotbesubjectedtoempiricalverification,anditemanatedfromthewellofimaginationratherthanreason.Spiritualconcerns,beliefsinthedivine,andrespectforthesacredwereconsideredtobethe“opiumofthemasses”and,likeanyotheraddiction,ahindrancetoprogress.

ButastheGrandNarrativeofProgresscametodominateothervaluesandviews,itcastamalignantshadow.Theinventionoftheautomobilewasthequintessenceofprogress,butitleftovercrowdedhighways,airpollution,anddeforestationinitswake.Fertilizersincreasedcropproductionbutalsoincreasedthegrowthofalgaeinlakesandcanals.Thediscoveryofpowerfulinsecticides—firstgreetedwithenthusiasmandaNobelPrize—wasfollowedbytheunintentionalpoisoningoffish,birds,andanimals.Nuclearpowerplantsincreasedavailableenergybutledtostorageproblems,life-threateningcontamination,andatleastoneaccidentwithworldwiderepercussions.Thewasteproductsoftechnologicallivingbegantochokegreatcitiesandfoulonce-pristinelands.AlthoughWesternhousing,clothing,andreligionwerebroughttoaboriginalpeople,andtherateofinfectiousdiseasewentdown,therateofalcoholism,drugaddiction,suicide,andspouseandchildrenabusewentup.

1.Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat（）.

2.TheGrandNarrativeofProgresscanberealizedbecause（）.

3.Inthelastparagraph,theword“malignant”means（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheviewoftheauthor?

问题1选项

A.mythisveryimportantintheproblem-solutionrelationship

B.scienceandtechnologyarehelpfultosolvetheproblems

C.theGrandNarrativeofProgressispowerful

D.problemandsolutionarethetwins

问题2选项