考研考博-英语-东南大学成贤学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-东南大学成贤学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

（）thefactthathisinitialexperimentshadfailed,ProfessorWhitepersistedinhisresearch.

问题1选项

A.Becauseof

B.Inspiteof

C.Asto

D.Inviewof

【答案】B

【解析】词义辨析题。Becauseof因为；Inspiteof

尽管,

虽然；Asto至于；Inviewof由于。句意：虽然事实是他最初的实验失败了,

但是White教授依然坚持他的研究。选项B符合句意。

2.单选题

Floodscausebillionsofdollarsworthofpropertydamage（）.

问题1选项

A.relatively

B.actually

C.annually

D.comparatively

【答案】C

【解析】句意:洪水每年都造成几十亿美元价值的财产损害。

考查副词辨析。relatively相对地；比较地；actually实际上；annually每年；comparatively比较上；相对地。因此C符合句意。

3.单选题

Contemporaryofficetechnologyrequiressoftwareorprogramstocarryoutcomplicatedinformationprocessingactivities.Referencestosoftwareusuallyindicateasetofinstructions.Abroaderapplicationofthetermincludesanynohardwareelementofacomputersystem:programs,writtendocumentationtoaccompanyprograms,flowcharts,andusermanuals,forexample.Thelatteruseofthetermisrare.

Softwareisnowavailablefromavarietyofsources:hardwaremanufacturersandvendors,softwarehouses(firmsthatdevelopandmarketsoftware),andstaffprogrammers(userdevelopedsoftware).Officesupplyhouses,computershops,andevenbookstoresmarketpackagedsoftwareforthemicrocomputermarket.

Earlycomputerusersthoughtintermsofdevelopingtheirownsoftwareorusingsoftwaredevelopedbycomputermanufacturestoperformtheinformationprocessingactivitiesdesiredformthecomputersystem.Usersofmediumtolargescalecomputersystem.Stillrelyheavilyonprogramsdeveloped,tested,andperfectedbytheirownprogrammers.

Largetomediumscalecomputermanufacturersorvendorshavetraditionallyincludedsoftwarewiththesystempackage,sometimesprovidealterationsnecessarytocustomizetheprogramstouserneeds.Thesepackageshaverepresentedsignificantportionsofthepurchasesorleasepriceofsystems.

Themicrocomputerrevolutionintheearly1980sbroughtwithittheconceptofthecommercialsoftwarepublisher(softwarehouse).Companieswereformedtoengageinwritingandmarketingsoftwareforalltypesandsizesofcomputers,butthoseproducingsoftwareformicrocomputerswereespeciallynumerous.Majorhardwaremanufacturersbegantomarketsoftwareproducedbythesesoftwarespecialistswiththesystems.Thequalityoftheprogramsandinstructionalmaterialsthataccompaniedthemwasfrequentlypoor.Becauseoftheeasewithwhichuserscouldduplicatesoftware,softwarepricesremainedhigh.Yet,thesehighpriceswerefrequentlypreferabletothecostofprogramsdevelopedinhouse.Experienceandcompetitionhaveincreasedaqualityofbothprogramsandinstructionalmaterials.

1.Accordingtothepassage,themostcommonlyuseddefinitionofsoftwareis（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

3.Largetomediumscalecomputermanufacturers（）.

4.Sincethemicrocomputerrevolutionintheearly1980s,（）.

5.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat（）.

问题1选项

A.complicatedinformationprocessingactivities

B.anynohardwareelementofacomputersystem

C.asetofinstructions

D.flowchartsandusermanuals

问题2选项

A.Nowhardwaremanufacturersalsodevelopandmarketsoftware.

B.Earlycomputerusershadnochoicebuttodeveloptheirownsoftware.

C.Softwareisnowavailableforthemicrocomputeruserevenfrombookstores.

D.Earlycomputermanufacturersalsodevelopedandmarketedsoftware.

问题3选项

A.relyheavilyonsoftwaredevelopedbytheircustomers

B.usedtoincludesoftwarewiththesystempackage

C.canmakechangesforsoftwaretomeetcustomerneeds

D.selltheirsystempackagesatverylowprices

问题4选项

A.commercialsoftwarepublishershavegraduallydisappeared

B.majorhardwaremanufacturerbegantodeveloptheirownsoftware

C.manycompaniesstoppedthedevelopmentofsoftwareforlargecomputers

D.therehavebeennumerouschoicesofsoftwareformicrocomputerusers

问题5选项

A.itwillcostagreatdealmoreforcomputeruserstodeveloptheirownsoftwarethanbuyit

B.softwarepricesremainedhighbecauseitwasnoteasytodevelopanysoftware

C.itisverydifficultforuserstoduplicatesoftware

D.softwarehaslongbeenofhighqualityduetoexperienceandcompetition

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段第二句Referencestosoftwareusuallyindicateasetofinstructions.（对软件的引用通常表示一组指令。）因此可以看出最常见的定义就是一组指令，C选项“一组指令”正确。A选项“复杂的信息处理活动”，在第一段的第一句Contemporaryofficetechnologyrequiressoftwareorprogramstocarryoutcomplicatedinformationprocessingactivities.（现代办公技术需要软件或程序来进行复杂的信息处理活动。）它并不是软件的定义；B选项“计算机系统的任何非硬件元素”和D选项“流程图和用户手册”，在第一段Abroaderapplicationofthetermincludes...forexample.Thelatteruseofthetermisrare.（这个术语的更广泛的应用包括计算机系统的任何硬件元素：例如程序、伴随程序的书面文档、流程图和用户手册。后一种用法很少见。）但是原文说了这一种用法很少见，因此错误。

2.判断推理题。根据题干选项关键词定位到第三段第一句话Earlycomputerusersthoughtintermsofdeveloping...formthecomputersystem.（早期计算机用户的想法是开发自己的软件或使用计算机制造商开发的软件来执行所需的计算机系统信息处理活动。）因此B选项“早期的计算机用户别无选择，只能开发自己的软件”是不正确的。A选项“现在硬件制造商也开发和销售软件”，在第二段的第一句Softwareisnowavailablefromavarietyofsources:hardwaremanufacturersandvendors,softwarehouses(firmsthatdevelopandmarketsoftware),andstaffprogrammers(userdevelopedsoftware).软件现在可以从各种来源获得：硬件制造商和供应商、软件公司（开发和销售软件的公司）和职员程序员（用户开发软件）。A项正确；C选项“现在微机用户甚至可以从书店买到软件”，在第二段的第二句Officesupplyhouses,computershops,andevenbookstoresmarketpackagedsoftwareforthemicrocomputermarket.（办公用品店、电脑店，甚至书店都向微机市场出售打包的软件。）C选项正确；D选项“早期的计算机制造商也开发和销售软件”，在第三段的第一句Earlycomputerusersthoughtintermsofdevelopingtheirownsoftwareorusingsoftwaredevelopedbycomputermanufacturestoperformtheinformationprocessingactivitiesdesiredformthecomputersystem.（早期计算机用户的想法是开发自己的软件或使用计算机制造商开发的软件来执行所需的计算机系统信息处理活动。）可见之前的制造商也开发并销售软件，D选项正确。

3.事实细节题。根据题干和选项关键词定位到倒数第二段第一句话Largetomediumscalecomputermanufacturersorvendorshavetraditionallyincludedsoftwarewiththesystempackage,sometimesprovidealterationsnecessarytocustomizetheprogramstouserneeds.（大型到中型计算机制造商或供应商传统上在系统包中包括软件，有时提供必要的修改，以定制程序，以满足用户的需要。）因此B选项“过去常常在系统包中包含软件”正确。A选项“严重依赖客户开发的软件”，在倒数第三段的最后一句话Stillrelyheavilyonprogramsdeveloped,tested,andperfectedbytheirownprogrammers.（仍然严重依赖由他们自己的程序员开发、测试和完善的程序。）依赖的是程序员开发的软件而不是客户；C选项“可以对软件进行更改以满足客户的需求”，在倒数第二段的第一句sometimesprovidealterationsnecessarytocustomizetheprogramstouserneeds.（有时提供必要的修改，以定制程序，以满足用户的需要。）可以看出只是偶尔会这么做；D选项“以很低的价格出售他们的系统软件包”，这个是文章没有给出具体说法的。

4.推理判断题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第一段第二句话Companieswereformedtoengageinwritingandmarketingsoftwareforalltypesandsizesofcomputers,butthoseproducingsoftwareformicrocomputerswereespeciallynumerous.（公司的成立是为了从事为各种类型和大小的计算机编写和销售软件，但是那些为微型计算机生产软件的公司尤其多。）因此可以看出在微机革命之后，关于计算机软件的公司增多了，D选项“微型计算机用户有许多软件可供选择”正确。A选项“商业软件出版商已经逐渐消失”，原文并没有说它消失了；B选项“主要的硬件制造商开始开发自己的软件”，文章没有具体提到这点；C选项“许多公司停止了大型计算机软件的开发”，文章没有提及。

5.判断推理题。根据选项关键词定位在文章最后一段Yet,thesehighpriceswerefrequentlypreferabletothecostofprogramsdevelopedinhouse.Experienceandcompetitionhaveincreasedaqualityofbothprogramsandinstructionalmaterials.（然而，这些高的价格往往是更可取的程序开发的内部成本。经验和竞争提高了课程和教学材料的质量。）也就是说明这些软件的开发主要都是难在经验上，因此人们自己去开发的成本是会非常大的，A选项“计算机用户开发自己的软件比购买软件的成本要高得多”正确。B选项“软件价格居高不下是因为开发任何软件都不容易”，太笼统，不够具体；C选项“用户很难复制软件”，根据最后一段Becauseoftheeasewithwhichuserscouldduplicatesoftware,softwarepricesremainedhigh.（由于用户可以很容易地复制软件，软件的价格仍然很高。）可以发现用户复制软件并不难；D选项“由于经验和竞争，软件长期以来一直是高质量的”，在最后一段的倒数第四句Thequalityoftheprogramsandinstructionalmaterialsthataccompaniedthemwasfrequentlypoor.（节目和教学材料的质量通常很差。）可见软件的质量并不是一直都很好。

4.单选题

Ithadhappened[A]toooftenthatthefarmerssoldtheirwheatsoonafterharvestwhenfarmdebtswerecomingdue,[B]onlytoseepricesrisingandspeculatorsgettingrich.Onvariousoccasions,producergroups[C]askedfirmercontrol,butthegovernmenthadnowishtobecomeinvolved,[D]atleastnotuntilwartimewhenwheatpricesthreatenedtorunwild.

问题1选项

A.toooften

B.onlytosee

C.askedfirmercontrol

D.atleastnotuntil

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。C选项处应表示“要求更严格的控制”，而只有askfor才表示“要求，请求”。应将asked改为askedfor。

5.单选题

TheSpanishteam,whoarenotinsuperbform,willbedoingtheirbestnextweekto（）themselvesontheGermanteamforlastyear'sdefeat.

问题1选项

A.remedy

B.reproach

C.revive

D.revenge

【答案】D

【解析】形近词辨析。remedy补救，治疗；reproach责备；revive使复兴，使苏醒；revenge报仇，雪耻。句意：西班牙队虽然状态不佳，但下周他们将竭尽全力为去年的失利向德国队一雪前耻。选项D符合句意。

6.单选题

Tendaysagotheyoungmaninformedhisbossofhisintentionto（）.

问题1选项

A.resign

B.reject

C.retreat

D.replace

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。resign“辞职”；reject“拒绝”；retreat“撤退，后退”；replace“代替，替换”。句意：十天前，这个年轻人告知了他的老板他要离职的打算。A项符合题意。

7.单选题

Themanagerissomuchundertheinfluenceofhissecretarythatsheisthe（

）headofthedepartment.

问题1选项

A.potential

B.virtual

C.probable

D.natural

【答案】B

【解析】句意:老板受到了他秘书的极大影响以至于她是实质上的老板了。

形容词辨析。Potential有潜力的;virtual实质上的;probable可能的;natural自然的。因此B符合句意。

8.单选题

Theconsequencesofthisill-advisedpolicyarealreadyknowntoallofushere,（

）tosaythatwehavesufferedmorelossesinthismonththaninthethreepreviousyears.

问题1选项

A.itsuffice

B.sufficesit

C.sufficeit

D.itissuffice

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。suffice(it)tosay“说得够多了”。句意：这项不明智政策的后果已经人尽皆知，不必再多说什么，我们这个月所遭受的损失比前三年的还多。选项C符合题意。

9.翻译题

金银玉器是一个总称，通指对金、银等金属材质及玉石进行锻炼、雕琢加工而成的佩戴装饰品或观赏工艺品。

我国金银器的制造和使用已有三千多年的历史。在商代青铜文化闻名于世的同时，就已经出现了金器。从传世文物上来看，金银器品种繁多，应用广泛。小到金银首饰，大到佛塔供器，无不可以发现金银器的踪影。普通人家只是将金银器用作佩饰可收藏，官宦人家则更用作饮食、生活用具，而宫廷中金银器的使用则遍及佛事、饮食起居、冠服车马、陈设装饰等各个方面。从中可以想见金银器对我们传统文化及日常生活的深刻影响。

玉器是指用玉石手工雕刻琢磨而成，用于佩戴装饰或陈设观赏的艺术品。早期的玉器多用作礼器，少数用作佩饰。从良渚、红山文化遗址中出土的古玉来看，新石器时期的玉器用作祭祀、陪葬的礼器外，还有辟邪的神秘意味，同时还是权力、财富和尊贵的象征，用玉的阶层也只限于王公贵族。宋代以后，玉器的使用逐渐普及，大量的玉器皿、玉佩饰也进入了寻常百姓之家。玉在中国传统文化中具有特殊的意义，中国也赢得了“玉器之国”的美誉。

【答案】Gold,silverandjadewaresarethegenericterm,whichusuallyreferstobaldricorornamentalartsandcraftspolishedandcarvedoutofmetalmaterialslikegoldandsilverandjade.

Themanufactureanduseofgoldandsilverwarehasalreadyhadahistoryofmorethan3000yearsinourcountry.Goldwarehasappearedwhilebronzeculturewaswell-knownintheworldintheShangdynasty.Accordingtoculturalrelicshandeddownfromancienttimes,therearemanycategoriesinthegoldandsilverwarethathasbeenappliedinmanyfields.Goldandsilverwarescanbeseenanywhere,rangingfromgoldandsilverjewellerytoBuddhisttowerandworshippingutensils.Goldandsilverwaresaremerelyusedasbaldricthatcanbecollectedinaveragefamily,andtheyarefurtherusedasdietandlifeappliancesinanofficialfamily.Buttheuseofgoldandsilverwaresinthepalaceinvolvesallrespects,suchasBuddhistceremony,dietanddailylife,crownclothingandcoach,furnishingsanddecoration,etc.,fromwhichwecanimaginethattheinfluenceofgoldandsilverwareshasbeenreflectedprofoundlyinourtraditionalcultureanddailylife.

Jadewarereferstotheworkofartmanuallycarvedandpolishedoutofjadeandusedforwearingandornamentationorfurnishingsandappreciation.Mostoftheearlyjadeswereusedasritualvessel,andthenumberofbaldricisverysmall.IntermsofancientjadesunearthedintheLiangzhuandHongshanculturalrelics,apartfrombeingusedasritualvesselsinsacrificialandfuneraryactivities,jadewareintheNeolithicperiodalsohadthemysteriousmeaningofprotectingagainstevilspirits,aswellasasymbolofpower,wealth,anddignity.Furthermore,theuseofjadewaslimitedtoroyaltyandnobility.AftertheSongDynasty,theuseofjadearticlewasmoreandmorepopular,mostofjadewaresorjadeornamentscouldbeseenincommonfamily.JadeisendowedwithaspecialmeaninginthetraditionalChineseculture,andChinahasalsowonagoodreputationof“countryofjade”.

10.翻译题

AMessontheLadderofSuccess1.ThroughoutAmericanhistory,therehasalmostalwaysbeenatleastonecentraleconomicnarrativethatgavetheambitiousorunsatisfiedreasontopackupandseektheirfortuneelsewhere.Forthefirst300orsoyearsofEuropeansettlement,thestorywasaboutmovingoutwards:gettingimmigrantstothecontinentandthentothefrontiertocleartheprairies,drainthewetlandsandbuildnewcities.

Bytheendofthe19thcentury,asthefrontiervanished,theUShadamildpanicattack.2.whatwouldthisenergetic,enterprisingcountrybewithoutnewlandstoconquer?Somepeople,suchasTeddyRoosevelt,decidedtokeeponconquering(Cuba,thePhilippines,etc.),buteventually,inindustrialization,theUSfoundanewnarrativeofeconomicmobilityathome.Fromthe1890stothe1960s,peoplemovedfromfarmtocity,firstintheNorthandthenintheSouth.Infact,bythe1950s,therewasenoughprosperityandwhite-collarworkthatmanybegantomovetothesuburbs.Asthepopulationaged,therewasalsoashiftfromthecoldRustBelttothecomfortsoftheSunBelt.Wethinkofthisasanoldperson’smigration,butitcreatedmanyjobsfortheyounginconstructionandhealthcare,nottomentiontourism,retailandrestaurants.

Forthelast20yearsfromtheendofthecoldwarthroughtwoburstbubblesinasingledecade,theUShasbeencastingaboutforitsnexteconomicnarrative.Andnowitisexperiencinganotherperiodofpanic,whichisbadnewsformuchoftheworkforcebutparticularlyforitsyoungestmembers.

TheUShasalwaysbeenaremarkablemobilecountry,butnewdatafromtheCensusBureauindicatethatmobilityhasreacheditslowestlevelinrecordedhistory.Sure,somepeoplearestuckinhomesvaluedatlessthantheirmortgages,butmanyyoungpeoplewhodon’townhomesanddon'tyethavefamilies—arestayingput,too.Thissuggests,amongotherthings,thatpeoplearen’tpackingupforneweconomicopportunitiesthewaytheyusedto.Ratherthandividingthecountryintothe1percentersversuseveryoneelse,thesplitinoureconomyisreallybetweentwootherclasses:themobileandimmobile.

Partoftheproblemisthatcountry’slargestindustriesareindecline.Inthepast,itwasperfectlyclearwhereyoungpeopleshouldgoforwork(Chicagointhe1870s,Detroitinthe1910s,Houstoninthe1970s)and,moreorless,whatthey’dbedoingwhentheygotthere(killingcattle,buildingcars,sellingoil).3.Andtheseindustrieswerelargeenoughtoofferjobstoeachclassofworker,fromunskilledlaborertomanagerorengineer.Today,thefewbrightspotsinoureconomyarerelativelysmall(thoughsomepromisefuturegrowth)anddecentralized.TherearegreatjobsinSiliconValley,inthebiotechresearchcapitalsofBostonandRaleigh-Durhamandinadvancedmanufacturingplantsalongthesouthern1-85corridor.Thesecompaniesrecruitalloverthecountryandtheglobeforworkerswithspecificabilities.4.Youdon’tneedtobethenextMarkZuckerberg,founderofFacebook,togetajobinoneofthemicrohubs,bytheway.ButyouwillalmostcertainlyneedatleastaB.A.incomputerscienceorayearortwoatatechnicalschool.Thisnewer,selectjobmarketisnational,anditoffersmembersofthemobileclasscompetitivesalariesandhigherbargainingpower.

Manymembersoftheimmobileclass,ontheotherhand,liveintheAmericaofthegloomyheadlines.Ifyouhavenospecializedskills,there'slittlereasontouproottoanotherstateandbethelastinlineforalow-payingjobatanewautoplantoragreen-energystartup.Thesurpriseinthecensusdata,however,isthattheimmobileworkforceisnotlimitedtounskilledworkers.Infact,manyhaveacollegedegree.

Untilnow,aB.A.inanysubjectwasanear-guaranteeofatleastmiddle-classwages.Buttoday,aquarterofcollegegraduatesmakelessthanthetypicalworkswithoutabachelor’sdegree.DavidAutor,aprominentlaboreconomistatM.I.T.,recentlytoldmethatacollegedegreealoneisnolongeraguarantorofagoodjob.5.Whilegraduatesfromtopuniversitiesarestilllikelytogetagoodjobnomatterwhattheirmajoris,hesaid,graduatesfromless-famousschoolsaregoingtobejudgedonwhattheyknow.Tocompeteforjobsonanationallevel,theyshouldbearmedwiththeskillsthatemergingindustriesneed,whethertechnicalornot.

【答案】1.纵观美国历史，几乎总是至少会有一个经济中心的故事，让雄心勃勃或不满足的人有理由收拾行囊，到别处去寻找机遇。在欧洲人定居的前300年左右，这种故事是关于人口向外迁移的：让移民先到大陆，然后再到边疆开辟草原，排干湿地，并建造新的城市。

2.如果没有新的土地可以征服，这个精力充沛、富有进取精神的国家将会怎样？有些人，比如泰迪•罗斯福，决定继续征服(古巴、菲律宾等地)，但最终，在工业化的进程中，美国在国内发现了一个新的关于经济流动的故事。

3.而且这些行业的规模足够大，可以为各个阶层的工人提供工作，从非技术工人到经理或工程师。但是今天，我们经济中为数不多的亮点相对较小(尽管一些亮点未来可能会增长)，而且是分散管理的。

4.顺便说一下，你不需要成为下一个Facebook的创始人马克•扎克伯格(MarkZuckerberg)，也能在微软中心找到一份工作。但几乎可以肯定的是，你至少需要计算机科学学士学位或在技术学校待过一两年。这个新兴的择业市场是全国性的，它为流动阶层的成员提供了有竞争力的薪资和更高的议价权力。

5.他称，尽管那些顶尖大学的毕业生不论他们学的专业是什么，都有可能找到一份好工作，但那些不知名学校的毕业生将会根据他们所学的知识来接受评判。为了在全国范围内竞争工作岗位，他们应该具备新兴产业所需要的技能，无论是技术性的还是非技术性的。

11.单选题

Americanliteraryhistoriansareperhaps（

）toviewingtheirownnationalscenetoonarrowly,mistakingprominenceforuniqueness.

问题1选项

A.prone

B.legible

C.incompatible

D.prior

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。prone“有……倾向的”；legible“清晰的”；incompatible“不相容的，不能并存的”；prior“优先的”。句意：美国文学史家也许倾向于狭隘地看待他们国家的文学，误把卓越当独特。选项A符合题意。

12.单选题

Over350millionpeoplespeakEnglishastheir（

）language.

问题1选项

A.native

B.mother

C.female

D.national

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定用法。nativelanguage意为“本地语言”；motherlanguage意为“母语”，符合句意。C选项female“女性的”；D选项national“国家的”均不符合句意。

13.单选题

Itcanbepainfulforparentswhentheirchildrenfeeloutofsyncwithothers,butitisunwise______ontheimportanceoffittingin;childrengetenoughofthatmessageintheoutsideworld.

问题1选项

A.layingalotofimportance

B.toputtoomuchemphasis

C.togivealargeamountofconcern

D.throwingagreatdealofanxiety

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.layingalotofimportance强调重要性B.toputtoomuchemphasis强调重要性

C.togivealargeamountofconcern大量关注D.throwingagreatdealofanxiety造成极大的焦虑

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】根据unwise可知，unwisetodo是固定搭配，表示“做某事是不明智的”，根据句意“当孩子感到与他人不同步时，父母可能会感到痛苦，但______重要性是不明智的”可知，空格处表示“过分强调，过分关注”符合句意，所以B项符合。

【干扰项排除】

A项importance一般和attach搭配；

C项concern是不可数名词，要用much搭配；

D项不符合unwisetodo（做某事不明智）的搭配。

【句意】当孩子感到与他人不同步时，父母可能会感到痛苦，但过分强调融入的重要性是不明智的；孩子们从外面的世界中已经足够了解这一点了。

14.单选题

Frenchareelegantpeople.Theyareartistsineverydaylife,havingaverygoodtasteineverything.Theydon'tlikeAmericantouristswearingjeanstogointotheirluxuriousandexquisitefive-starrestaurants.Sooneoftherestaurantsputanoticeoutsideitsfrontdoor.Itread“Notrousers,please!”

AgourmetcoffeewassoldinTokyoasanantidotetostress.Itsnamesupposedlymeanttopeoplethatitwouldsmooththetroubledbreast.YetwhenitwasprintedinEnglish,itturnedouttobe“EaseYourBosoms”.

SwedesstartedapromotionstunttopromotethesalesoftheirvacuumcleanernamedElectro.Theiroriginaladsloganwastranslatedas“NothingsucksLikeElectro”.

TheGeneralMotors'sellingofChevroletwasverybadinSouthAmerica.Andthereason?Thetranslationofthisbrandsoundslike“nova”,whichmeans“Itdoesn'tgo”inSpanish.

WhenPepsi-colainvadedthehugeChineseandGermanmarkets,theeffortsinitiallyfizzled.Theproduct'sslogan,“ComealivewiththePepsigeneration,”wasrenderedintoGermanas“comeoutofthegravewithPepsi.”Coca-ColaalsodiscoveredsomethinghadgonewronginTaiwan.TheChinesecharacterschosenfortheworld-famousproductsoundlike“BitetheWaxTadpole.”

Abeercompany’sslogan“Turnitloose”became,inSpanish,equivalentto“sufferfromdiarrhea.”

AcompanytranslateditsstickytapesloganintoJapaneseandcameupwithastickyproblem.

Theslogan“Stickslikecrazy”becameliterally“itsticksfoolishly”inJapanese.

AtonicproducedinChinaismadeofroyaljellyandissupposedtobeveryeffectiveforsomechronicdiseases.Yetitwastranslatedas“oralliquid”,whichmeans“saliva”inEnglish.Inthebrochure,itwasdescribedinthisway:“ittasteslikemedicine”,whenthelanguageintheoriginalmeanttouseitasafoodtherapy.

Eventhewrongnonverbalcuecanbringhavoctoaproduct.AbabyfoodcompanyinitiallypackagedtheirAfricanproductsjustthesameasintheUS—withacutebabypictureonthejar.Theydidn'trealizethatbecausesomanyAfricanscannotread,nearlyallpackagedproductssoldinAfricacarrypicturesofwhatisinside.Pureedbaby!Howhorrible!

InanAsiancity,wheretrafficisreallyverybad,tosecurepeople'ssafety,themunicipalgovernmenthasbuiltundergroundpassageways.Pedestriansareaskedtousethemwhenevertheyneedtocrossthemainstreet.Asignwaspostedonceontheroadside,pointingtotheentrancetoanundergroundpassageway,intendingtonotifyEnglish-speakingpassengers,“Gounderground.”

Wechuckledatsuchclumsytranslations.Isthereanythingwronginthelanguage?Wemustbeawarethatfewwordsandidiomscanbeliterallytranslated.It'sbesttohirethebestfortranslation.Don'ttakeitforgrantedthataslongasonespeaksalittleEnglish,heisautonomouslyabletodothetranslation.Ittakesawhiletolearntobeagoodtranslator.

1.“Notrousers,please!”soundsfunnyonthefrontdoorofafive-starrestaurant,becauseitcouldmean“（）”inEnglish.

2.Fromthepassage,youmayguessthatChevroletismostprobably（）.

3.Anyproductwithacutebabypictureonthejarwillmostprobably（）inAfrica,accordingtotheauthor.

4.TheChinesecharacterschosenforCoca-Cola（）inTaiwanfirst.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.Takeoffyourtrousers,thencomein,please

B.Wedon’tsellanytrousershere

C.Wedon’thaveanypairsoftrousershere

D.Anyonewhodoesnotweartrousersisnotwelcome

问题2选项

A.shoesofsomekindthatSouthAmericanslike

B.thebrandnameofakindofvehicle

C.apetanimalwhichrunsfast

D.awordinSpanishwhichhasaverybadmeaning

问题3选项

A.sellwell

B.receivefavorableattention

C.causegreatinterest

D.bringanendtotheproduct

问题4选项

A.werewellreceived

B.hadawrongname

C.soundedterribleinthelanguage

D.wereallterriblewords

问题5选项

A.Clumsytranslationscansometimesproducethedesiredeffect.

B.Weshouldnottakeitforgrantedthatanythingcanbetranslated.

C.Fewwordsandidiomscanbeliterallytranslated.

D.Clumsytranslationcouldmeanmorethanjustalaughingmatter.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Theydon'tlikeAmericantouristswearingjeanstogointotheirluxuriousandexquisitefive-starrestaurants.”，他们不喜欢别人穿着牛仔裤走进豪华的五星级酒店，希望人们有好的品味。但是在英文里，这句话的意思是“请不要穿裤子！”。选项A符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第四段，“Thetranslationofthisbrandsoundslike“nova”,whichmeans“Itdoesn'tgo”inSpanish.”，雪佛兰汽车的牌子翻译成西班牙语，有“不走”的意思。选项D符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第九段，“Theydidn'trealizethatbecausesomanyAfricanscannotread,nearlyallpackagedproductssoldinAfricacarrypicturesofwhatisinside.Pureedbaby!Howhorrible!”，可知因为非洲人不识字，外包装上的图案就是罐子里面销售的产品，所以对产品来说是一种破坏。选项D符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章第五段,“Coca-ColaalsodiscoveredsomethinghadgonewronginTaiwan.TheChinesecharacterschosenfortheworld-famousproductsoundlike“BitetheWaxTadpole.”。可口可乐在台湾语言中听起来像“BitetheWaxTadpole”这种可怕的意思。选项C符合题意。

5.细节理解题。纵观全文，根据文章最后一段，“Wechuckledatsuchclumsytranslations.Isthereanythingwronginthelanguage?Wemustbeawarethatfewwordsandidiomscanbeliterallytranslated.”。笨拙的翻译不仅有点可笑，并且还会带来很多不好的影响，排除选项D。并且提到有些文字和习语不能逐字逐句地翻译，排除选项C。文章并未提及笨拙的翻译能够带来预期的效果。选项A符合题意。

15.单选题

Lowinterestratescreatedeasycreditconditions,fuelingahousingconstructionboomandencouragingconsumption.

问题1选项

A.contaminating

B.extinguishing

C.stimulating

D.transporting

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.contaminating污染，弄脏B.extinguishing（使）消亡，破灭

C.stimulating激励；促进D.transporting运输；使身临其境

【考查点】动词辨析

【解题思路】划线部分是前文“低利率创造了宽松的信贷条件”带来的结果；原文and并列fuelingahousingconstructionboom“____住房建设热潮”和encouragingconsumption“鼓励消费”，那么划线词应与encouraging“鼓励”语义方向一致，C选项stimulating“刺激；激励”符合语境。原词fuel“刺激；推动”。

【干扰项排除】