考研考博-英语-中原工学院信息商务学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中原工学院信息商务学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

“DoyoumindifEdwardridesinyourcar?”

“Yes,Ido.I’llbegladtotake（

）Edward.”

问题1选项

A.somebodyelsethan

B.anybodybut

C.someotherpersonbut

D.anyoneelsethan

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配题。题目是一个情景对话，所以需要关注上下文，上文提问说‘你介意爱德华乘坐你的车吗？’，下文回答‘是的，介意。’根据这里我们可以推知后一句应该是‘除了爱德华，其他人我都不介意。’anyonebutsb.为固定用法，表示“除了某人之外的所有人”，所以B选项正确。

2.单选题

Youmustbeverycareful.Thework（

）precision.

问题1选项

A.retails

B.repels

C.retains

D.entails

【答案】D

【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项retail“零售，详述”；B选项repel“击退，抵制”；C选项retain“保持，固定”；D选项entail“使需要，要求”。句意：你必须非常小心，这项工作对精确性要求极高。选项D符合句意。

3.单选题

France's（

）ofnucleartestingintheSouthPacificlastmonthtriggeredpolitical

debatesandmassdemonstrations.

问题1选项

A.assumption

B.consumption

C.presumption

D.resumption

【答案】D

【解析】上个月法国在南太平洋恢复核测试引起了政治讨论和大规模示威活动。

名词辨析题。assumption“假定，设想，担任；采取”；consumption“消费，消耗”；presumption“放肆，傲慢；推测”；resumption“恢复，取回，重获”。由句中“triggeredpoliticaldebatesandmassdemonstrations.引起了政治讨论和大规模示威活动”可知空格处的含义是“上个月法国在南太平洋恢复核测试”，所以D选项正确。

4.单选题

Asjournalismbecomesmoreandmorecompetitive,allofus-whetherinbroadcastnewsorinprint(somemaywanttoarguethatthisistruemoreofbroadcastnews,andIperhapswouldn’twanttodebatethat)-arefallingbackonthetriedandtruelocalnewsformulas.Wehave,byandlargeacceptedthepropositionthatpeopledon'tcareaboutforeignnews,don'treallycaremuchabouthardnews-atall-that"feel-goodnews,entertainment,“info-tainment”，features,andgossipsellbetterthananythingseriousandcertainlysellbetterthananythingtoodisturbing.

Ibelievethatkindoftalkiswrong.Ibelievethatkindoftalkisdangerous.And1knowthatkindoftalkhasnothingtodowithleadershipandpublicservice.Usingpublicopinionpolls,focusgroups,andothermarketresearchtechniquesinalimitedroleasinformationaltoolsisonething:usingthemasanexcusetoduckourresponsibilitytothepublictrustisquiteanother.Andforjournaliststobecomeslavestomarketresearch-likethepoliticiansbeforeus-is,Isubmit,mostdangerousofall.Wherearethepublishers,editors,andreportersofgrit,gumption,andguts?Wherearetheoneswhowillfollowtheirconscienceoreventheir“nosefornews”insteadofthepublicopinionpolls?HarryTrumanoncesaidthat,ifMosesbadtakenapublicopinionpoll,hewouldneverleftEgypt.

Ofcourse.Thereisonespecialproblemforthoseofuswhoearn,ourlivingreportingthenewsthatothersmake.Leadershiprequiresdefiniteopinionsonwhichcoursetotake,whatpathtofollow;butthoseofusinthemainstreammediaaretrainedtosetouropinionsasideasfarashumanlypossible.Wetrytokeepopenminds;byandlarge,wearen'tjoiners.Weknow(oftenbetterthanwe’regivencreditfor)thatwedon’thaveanysecretformulasforansweringtheimportantquestions.Sowecanjustifiablyask:“Howarewetolead?”Iknowthatweinthemediaare.GeorgeBernardShawonceobservedthatnewspapersareunabletodistinguishbetweenabicycleaccidentandthecollapseofcivilization.Forus,leadershipshouldbethewillingnesstodistinguishbetweenwhat’smerelyinterestingandwhat’svitallyimportant.

Now,whensomeonesaysthatsomestoriesaremoreimportantthanothers,heorsheisoftenlabeledanelitist,someone,whojustdoesn'tunderstandwhat“realpeople’’careabout.Thisis,ofcourse,thefamiliardefensefortrashtelevisionandtrashtabloids.Andit'salsothereasongivenforreducingforeignnewscoverageaswellascoveragepoliticalcampaigns.Therearealotofpeopleinthebusinesswhosay“realpeoplewon’tcareunlessitbleedsorbums.Therearealotofdoctorsandmarketresearchersouttherewhoinsistthat"realpeople”don'tcaremuchwhathappensintherestoftheworld-theywantthewordsAmericanandtheUnitedStatesplasteredallovertheirnewslikeflagscrowdingacampaignplatform.

1.Whichofthefollowingwordscansubstituteduckinthesecondparagraph?

2.WhatdidHarryTrumanmeanbysayingthat“ifMoseshadtakenapublicopinionpoll,hewouldneverhaveleftEgypt?’’

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Thetoneofthepassageis（）.

5.Accordingtothewriter,themediashould（）.

问题1选项

A.shoulder

B.assume

C.dodge

D.confront

问题2选项

A.MosesdidnotwanttoleaveEgypt,buthewasforcedto.

B.Mosesshouldhavetakenapublicopinionpollbeforehemadethedecision.

C.MosesleftEgyptbecausehedidnottakeapublicopinionpoll.

D.Anyonewhowantstodosomethinggreatshallactresolutely.

问题3选项

A.IntheU.S.,localnewshadawidercoveragethanforeignnews.

B.Localnewsismoreseriousthanforeignnews.

C.“Realpeople”favorforeignnewsoverlocalnews.

D.ForeignnewsisforbiddenintheU.S.

问题4选项

A.commanding

B.critical

C.ironical

D.appreciative

问题5选项

A.reportwhatthe"realpeople'like

B.basetheirdecisionsonthepublicopinion

C.havetheirownjudgmentinwhatistobebroadcast

D.learnfromthepoliticiansinmakingstrategies

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.词义题。Usingpublicopinionpolls,focusgroups,andothermarketresearchtechniquesinalimitedroleasinformationaltoolsisonething:usingthemasanexcusetoduckourresponsibilitytothepublictrustisquiteanother.利用民意调查、焦点小组和其他市场调查技术作为有限的信息工具是一回事，利用它们作为借口（）我们对公众的责任是另一回事。由借口可推测出是逃避对公众的责任。故C项正确。

2.语义题。HarryTrumanoncesaidthat,ifMosesbadtakenapublicopinionpoll,hewouldneverleftEgypt.哈里•杜鲁门曾经说过，如果摩西•巴特过去做了民意调查，他就不会离开埃及。由此可知摩西巴特过去没做过民意调查，并且他已经离开了埃及。故C项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第一段“Asjournalismbecomesmoreandmorecompetitive,allofus-whetherinbroadcastnewsorinprint(somemaywanttoarguethatthisistruemoreofbroadcastnews,andIperhapswouldn’twanttodebatethat)-arefallingbackonthetriedandtruelocalnewsformulas.随着新闻变得越来越有竞争力,我们所有人——无论是在广播新闻或已出版的新闻(有些可能会认为这是正确的广播新闻,我也许不想辩论)——回落在尝试和真正的本地新闻公式。由此可知在美国，人们更关注当地新闻。故A项正确。

4.观点态度题。本文第二三四段所提到的内容都带有作者的评论。故本篇文章的口吻是评论性的。B项正确。

5.判断推理题。由第二段“Andforjournaliststobecomeslavestomarketresearch-likethepoliticiansbeforeus-is,Isubmit,mostdangerousofall.Wherearethepublishers,editors,andreportersofgrit,gumption,andguts?Wherearetheoneswhowillfollowtheirconscienceoreventheir“nosefornews”insteadofthepublicopinionpolls?我认为，记者成为市场研究的奴隶——就像我们之前的政客一样——是最危险的。那些关于勇气、进取心和胆量的出版商、编辑和记者在哪里?那些凭良心、甚至凭嗅觉而不是凭民意来判断新闻的人在哪里？”可知作者认为记者应该有自己的判断力，而不是听信民意调查。故C项正确。

5.翻译题

Successfulleadersareemotionallyandintellectuallyorientedtothefuture—notweddedtothepast.Theyhaveahungertotakeresponsibility,toinnovate,andtoinitiate.Theyarenotcontentwithmerelytakingcareofwhat’salreadythere.Theywanttomoveforwardtocreatesomethingnew.

Leadersprovideanswersaswellasdirection,offerstrengthaswellasdedication,andspeakfromexperienceaswellasunderstandingoftheproblemstheyfaceandthepeopletheyworkwith.

Leadersareflexibleratherthandogmatic.Theybelieveinunityratherthanconformity.Andtheystrivetoachieveconsensusoutofconflict.

Leadershipisallaboutgettingpeopleconsistentlytogivetheirbest,helpingthemtogrowtotheirfullestpotential,andmotivatingthemtoworktowardacommongood.Leadermaketherightthingshappenwhenthey’resupposedto.

Agoodleader,aneffectiveleader,isonewhohasrespect.Respectissomethingyouhaveinordertoget.Aleaderwhohasrespectforotherpeopleatalllevelsofanorganization.Fortheworktheydo,andfortheirabilities,aspirationsandneeds,willfindthatrespectisreturn.Andallconcernedwillbemotivatedtoworktogether.

【答案】成功的领导者无论在情感上还是在理智上都着眼于未来，而不是执着于过去。他们渴望创新，积极开拓。他们不满足于现状，他们想要前进去创造新事物。

领导者不仅提供指导也提供答案，不仅给予力量而且乐于奉献，他们说话既根据经验，也根据他们对所面临的问题和一起共事的人的理解。

领导者处事灵活而不武断。他们相信的是团结而不是随波逐流。他们力图在冲突中达成共识。

领导力在于让人们始终尽显其能，帮助他们最大限度地发挥自己的潜力，并激励他们朝着共同的目标而努力。领导者在必要的时候能做出正确的决断。

一个好的领导者，一个卓有成效的领导者，是一个尊重他人的人。要得到他人的尊重必须先尊重他人。一个尊重组织上各级员工，尊重他们的工作、能力、愿望和需求的领导者也会得到他人的尊重。所有这些都会激励大家共同努力。

6.单选题

Jazztendstobeacasualdialogueformofdancequite（）inthereceptiveandmechanicalformsofthewaltz.

问题1选项

A.lacked

B.lacking

C.forlackof

D.lackof

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法知识。空格处词语用来修饰前面的dance，所以是形容词性。lack与dance之间是主动关系，因此应使用动词的现在分词形式来修饰。因此B选项符合题意。

7.翻译题

Scienceandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasicconstituentsofmatter,andthemiracleoflife.

Atthesametime,today,theactions,andinaction,ofhumanbeingsimperilnotonlylifeontheplanet,buttheverylifeoftheplanet.

Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller,fasterandricher.Still,911andavianfluremindusthatasmaller,fasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.

Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge—butdesperatelyinneedofwisdom.Now,whensoundbitesaregettingshorter,wheninstantmessagescrowdouressays,andwhenindividuallivesgrowmorecrazy,collegegraduatescapableofdeepreflectionarewhatourworldneeds.

ForallthesereasonsIbelieve—andIbelieveevenmorestronglytoday—intheuniqueandirreplaceablemissionofuniversities.

【答案】科技的进步使我们能够了解宇宙的最远端、物质最基本的成分以及生命的奇迹。

与此同时，如今，人类的行动和不作为不仅危害地球上的生命，而且危害地球本身的生命。

全球化正使世界变得越来越小、越来越快、越来越富有。尽管如此，911和禽流感也提醒我们，更小更快的世界不一定更安全。

我们正处于一个知识爆炸的世界，但却迫切需要智慧。现在，当（新闻采访的）录音片段变得越来越短，当即时信息充斥着我们的文章，当个人生活变得越来越疯狂，我们的世界也需要更有深度思考能力的大学毕业生。

基于所有这些原因，如今我的信念更为坚定，我相信大学拥有独特而不可替代的使命。

8.单选题

Hediscovered,tohismortification,thatisyoungsonknewmuchmoreaboutthesubjectthanhedid.

问题1选项

A.surprise

B.decoration

C.delight

D.humiliation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项surprise“惊奇，诧异”，B项decoration“装饰，装潢”，C项delight“高兴”，D项humiliation“丢脸，耻辱，蒙羞”。句意：使他感到难堪的是，他发现他的小儿子在这方面比他懂得多。根据句意可知，mortification在句中表示“难堪”，四个选项中意思与之相近的是D项。因此，该题选择D项。

9.单选题

WesternNebraskagenerallyreceiveslesssnowthan___EasternNebraska.

问题1选项

A.in

B.does

C.itreceivesin

D.itdoesin

【答案】B

【解析】考查习惯表达。空格处缺失的内容实际上指receiveslesssnow这件事，在英语中为了避免重复表达，会用助动词do/does/did表示前后一样的动作，根据主干谓语receives为第三人称单数可知应该使用does。因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

Ifithadn’tbeenforthedoctor'scare,I（）speakingtoyounow.

问题1选项

A.wouldnotbe

B.wouldnothavebeen

C.willnotbe

D.willnothavebeen

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。从句用过去完成时,主句要用wouldhavedone的形式。这里都是表否定意义,所以选项B正确。句意：如何没有医生的悉心照料,我现在不会站在这儿和你说话。

11.单选题

Afolkcultureisasmall,isolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatishomogeneousincustomandrace,withastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighlydevelopedrituals.Orderismaintainedthroughsanctionsbasedinthereligionorfamily,andinterpersonalrelationshipsarestrong.Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.Rather,eachpersonisexpectedtoperforinagreatvarietyoftasks,thoughdutiesmaydifferbetweenthesexes.Mostgoodsarehandmade,andasubsistenceeconomyprevails.Individualismisweaklydevelopedinfolkculturesasaresocialclasses.UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.PerhapsthenearestmodernequivalentinAnglo-AmericanistheAmish,aGermanAmericanfarmingsectthatlargelyrenouncestheproductsandlabor-savingdevicesoftheIndustrialage.InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.TheAmish’scentralreligiousconceptofDemut,"humility",clearlyreflectstheweaknessofindividualismandsocialclassessotypicaloffolkcultures,andthereisacorrespondingstrengthofAmishgroupidentity.RarelydotheAmishmarryoutsidetheirsect.Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.

Bycontrast,apopularcultureisalargeheterogeneousgroup,oftenhighlyindividualisticandconstantlychanging.Relationshipstendtobeimpersonal,andapronounceddivisionoflaborexists,leadingtotheestablishmentofmanyspecializedprofessions.Secularinstitutionsofcontrolsuchasthepoliceandamiytaketheplaceofreligionandfamilyinmaintainingorder,andamoney-basedeconomyprevails.Becauseofthesecontrasts,“popular”maybeviewedasclearlydifferentfrom“folk”.

Thepopularisreplacingthefolkinindustrializedcountriesandinmanydevelopingnations.Folk-madeobjectsgivewaytotheirpopularequivalent,usuallybecausethepopularitemismorequicklyorcheaplyproduce,iseasierortime-savingtouse,orlendsmoreprestigetotheowner.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whichofthefollowingistypicaloffolkcultures?

3.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheUnitedStatesandCanada?

4.WhatisthemainsourceoforderinAmishsociety?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAmishbeliefsdoesthepassagesupport?

问题1选项

A.Twodecadesinmodernsociety.

B.Theinfluenceofindustrialtechnology.

C.Thecharacteristicsof“folk”and“popular”societies

D.ThespecializationoflaborinCanadaandtheUnitedStates

问题2选项

A.Thereisamoney-basedeconomy

B.Socialchangeoccursslowly

C.Contactwithotherculturesisencouraged.

D.Eachpersondevelopsonespecializedskill.

问题3选项

A.Theyvaluefolkcultures.

B.Theyhavepopularcultures.

C.Theyhavenosocialclasses.

D.Theydonotvalueindividualism.

问题4选项

A.Thegovernment.

B.Theclanstructure.

C.Theeconomy.

D.Thereligion.

问题5选项

A.Variousreligiouspracticesaretolerated.

B.Individualismandcompetitionareimportant.

C.Pre-moderntechnologyispreferred.

D.Peoplearedefinedaccordingtotheirclass.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章主要分为三个部分，第一个部分讲述的是民间文化社会的特点，第二部分讲述的是大众文化社会的特点，第三部分是讲述在工业时代的如今，大众流行文化正在取代民间文化。选项A：二十年的现代社会；选项B:工业技术的影响；选项D：加拿大和美国的劳动专业化，以上选项均与原文不符。选项C:“民俗化”社会与“大众化”社会的特征“为正确选项。

第2题:事实细节题。由题干意思定位到文章第一段中Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.“传统是至高无上的，很少有改变，而且变化很慢。很少有专门的劳动分工。”由此可知选项B“社会变革发生得很慢”与原文相符，为正确选项，而选项A、C、D均与原文表述的意思相反。

第3题:事实细节题。题干意思是关于美国和加拿大，作者暗示了什么?可以定位到文章第—段中UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.“在美国和加拿大等工业化国家，一成不变的民间文化已经不复存在。”可以推断出两个国家的文化均已大众流行化，由此可知B选项“它们有大众流行文化”与原文意思相符，因此B为正确选项。

第4题:事实细节题。由题干关键词定位到第一段最后一句Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.“其宗教，作为Mennonite信仰的一种，提供了维持秩序的主要机制。”由此可知D选项“宗教”为正确选项，选项A、B、C均与题意不符。

第5题:事实细节题。选项A：容忍各种宗教活动。这与文章所表述的阿米什人很少与他们宗派以外的人通婚不符，因此错误。选项B：个人主义和竞争很重要这与文章“theweaknessofindividualismandsocialclasses”意思不符，所以为错误选项。选项D：每个人发展一项专门技能，明显与文中第一段描述不符。选项C：现代以前的技术更受喜欢，与原文“InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.”所表述的意思“在Amish地区，轻便马车仍然是当地的交通工具，信徒们不允许拥有汽车。”相符，因此C选项正确。

12.单选题

Inearly19thcenturyAmerica,careforthementallyillwasalmostnon-existent:theafflictedwereusuallyrelegatedtoprisons,almshouses,orinadequatesupervisionbyfamilies.Treatment,ifprovided,paralleledothermedicaltreatmentsofthetime,includingbloodlettingandpurgatives.However,inawaveofconcernfortheoppressed,sometookaction.Amongthese,DorotheaDixwastheleadingcrusaderfortheestablishmentofstate-supportedmentalasylums.Throughherefforts,thefirststatehospitalsfortheinsanewerebuiltinNewJerseyandPennsylvania.Sheandotherreformerssoughthumane,individualizedcare,withtherichandthepoorhousedtogethertoinsurehighstandardsforall.Themovementwasgeneratedbysocialreform,butthroughoutthecentury,mentalillnesswasprobedandanalyzed,and“cures”prescribedbyboththescientificandlaycommunities.“Moraltreatment”wasthepredominatingphilosophytocuretheinsane.

Thissystemwasdevelopedinlate18thcenturyEurope,andbyBenjaminRushintheUnitedStates.Itchallengedthedemonicexplanationsforinsanityandemphasizedtheroleofenvironmentindeterminingcharacter:improperexternalconditionscouldinducederangement.The“moraltreatment”systemwasoptimisticthatanappropriateenvironmentcouldfacilitatecure,especiallyforthosewithacute(notchronic)afflictions.Essentialtothistheorywasaphysiologicalbasis/formentaldisorder:insanitywascausedbybraindamage.Thebrain'ssurfacewassoftandmalleableandphysicallyalteredbyoutwardinfluence.Thisideawascloselyrelatedtophrenology,whichassignedspecificfacultiestosectionsofthebrain.

Thenotionthatmentalillnessresultedfromphysicalimpairmentwasrarelychallenged,butthenatureandtreatmentofailmentswerecontinuallydebated.Tofindphysicalevidenceformentaldeficiencies,autopsiesperformedonmentalpatientstodiscoverlesionsorotherabnormalities.Althoughprogresswasmadeinthediagnosisofsomaticdiseasesliketumorssyphiliticderangement,theseeffortswerefrustratingandsubjective.Alsocontroversialwasthefateofthechronicallyversusacutelyill:thedifferencesbetweenthem,whethertheyshouldbehousedtogether,andwhetherthechronicallyillshouldbetreatedatall.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Accordingtoparagraph1,themovementtoestablishstate-supportedmentalasylumswasmotivatedbyconcernfor（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemethodsusedin“moraltreatment”were

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,phrenologywas

（

）.

5.Autopsieswereperformedonmentalpatients（

）.

问题1选项

A.Careofthementallyill

B.Theinfluenceof“moraltreatment”

C.TheinfluenceofDorotheaDixandBenjaminRush

D.Socialandmedicalreform

问题2选项

A.inadequatecarebyfamilies

B.socialreform

C.theeffectsofmedicaltreatment

D.thosewhowerenotmentallyill

问题3选项

A.controversial

B.accepted

C.proven

D.dangerous

问题4选项

A.neververypopular

B.atheoryaboutdeterminingaperson'scharacter

C.acauseofmentalillness

D.atheoryaboutaperson'sbrain

问题5选项

A.tofindevidenceformoraltreatmenttheory

B.fordiagnosisofmentalillness

C.aspartoftreatment

D.onacuteratherthanchronicpatients

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。原文第一段首先指出早期的美国对精神病人的照顾是不存在的，接下来的段落则是探讨精神疾病的治疗方法。由此可知，本文主要讲述的是对精神疾病的关注，所以选项A正确。

2.细节事实题。根据原文第一段倒数第二句“Themovementwasgeneratedbysocialreform...”这场运动是由社会改革引发的……所以选项B正确。

3.推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Thenotionthatmentalillnessresultedfromphysicalimpairmentwasrarelychallenged,butthenatureandtreatmentofailmentswerecontinuallydebated.”精神疾病是由身体损伤引起的这一概念很少受到挑战，但对疾病的性质和治疗一直存在争议。所以选项A正确。

4.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Thisideawascloselyrelatedtophrenology,whichassignedspecificfacultiestosectionsofthebrain.”这一想法与颅相学密切相关，颅相学将大脑分为各个不同的机制。由此可知，颅相学是关于人类大脑的理论。选项D符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“Tofindphysicalevidenceformentaldeficiencies,autopsiesperformedonmentalpatientstodiscoverlesionsorotherabnormalities.”为了寻找精神缺陷身体上的证据，对精神病人进行尸检以发现病变或其他异常。由此可知，对精神病人验尸是为精神治疗理论寻找证据。选项A符合原文。

13.单选题

Dialogue

问题1选项

A.20

B.24

C.40

D.42

问题2选项

A.Heisadoctor.

B.Heisateacher.

C.Heisachemist.

D.Heisaphotographer.

问题3选项

A.Onhisforearmandforelegs.

B.Onhisforearmandforehead.

C.Onhisthighsandforelegs.

D.Onhisthighsandforearm.19.

问题4选项

A.Anemia.

B.Influenza.

C.Leukemia.

D.Insomnia.

问题5选项

A.Tocheckthereoccurrenceofthedisease.

B.Todeterminethetypeoffluvirus.

C.Toprepareforbloodtransfusion.

D.Toconfirmthediagnosis.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】W:MisterBaxter.MayIaskyousomequestions?

M:Yes.

W:CanIstartatthebeginning?CanIcheckyourage?

M:Forty-two.

W:Whatsortofworkdoyoudo?

M:I'mateacher.

W:Icanassumeyouhaven’tbeenexposedtoanynasty,toxicchemicals.

M:Wegetfumesfromthephotocopier,butnothingelse.

W:Now,tellmehowlongyou’vebeenonthe?Well.

M:Reallyonlyabout2weeks.

W:Whatwerethemainproblems?

M:Ijustgotweakerandweaker.Iranoutoftheenergyandfaintedintheclinicyesterday.

W:Haveyougotanybruising?

M:Yes.InoticedsomeonmythighsandoneofmyforearmswhereIhadmybloodtaken.

W:Dear.Anybleedingfromthegums?

M:No.

W:Haveyouhadanyproblemwithinfectionrecently?

M:No,Ihadflownabout2monthsago.

W:Hasanyoneinyourfamilyhadbloodproblems?

M:Mygrannyhadanemiaandwastreatedwithiron.

W:Iwasthinkingofmoreseriousblooddiseases.

M:NotthatIknowof.

W:ArethereanyotherthingsyouthinkIshouldknowabout?

M:No.Doyouthinkitisleukemia?Doctor?

W:I’vestillgottotakemorebloodtoconfirmthediagnosis.ButI’veseentheresultsoftheprevioustest.I’mafraidthatisa95%chancethatitisleukemia.Haveyouanyquestionsbeforewetaketheextrablood?

16.Howoldistheman?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：这个男人多少岁？由文中男士回答医生的年龄Forty-two，可知D选项42符合原文。其他选项不符合原文。

17.Whatdoesthemando?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：这个男人是做什么的？由文中看病的男士说“I’mateacher.（我是教师）”，可知B选项“Heisateacher.（他是个教师）”符合原文。A选项“他是个医生”；C选项“他是个化学家”；D选项“他是个摄影师”不符合原文。

18.Wherearetheman’sbruises?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：这个男人的淤青在哪儿？由文中医生提问“Haveyougotanybruising?（你有没有哪里淤青）”以及后面男士的回答“Yes.InoticedsomeonmythighsandoneofmyforearmwhereIhadmybloodtaken.（有的，我的大腿某些地方和前臂的一处充血）”，可知D选项“Onhisthighsandforearm.（在他的大腿和前臂上）”符合原文。A选项“前臂和前腿”；B选项“前臂和前额”；C选项“大腿和前腿”不符合原文。

19.Whatisthemanmostprobablysufferingfrom?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：这个男人哪里最不舒服？由文中医生检查后得出结论“ButI’veseentheresultsoftheprevioustest.I’mafraidthatisa95%chancethatitisleukemia.（但是我看了之前的诊断测试，恐怕有百分之九十五的可能是白血病）”，可知C选项“Leukemia（白血病）”符合原文。A选项“贫血症”；B选项“流行性感冒”；D选项“失眠症”不符合原文。

20.Whydoesthewomanwanttoadministeranotherbloodtest?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：女士为什么要让他再做一次血液检查？由文中“I’vestillgottotakemorebloodtoconfirmthediagnosis.（我还需要采更多的血来测试确诊）”，可知D选项“Toconfirmthediagnosis.（确诊）”。A选项“确诊病是否会复发”；B选项“确定流感病毒的类型”；C选项“准备输血”不符合原文。

14.单选题

Bacteriaareextremelysmalllivingthings.Whilewemeasureourownsizesininchesorcentimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredinmicrons.Onemicronisathousandthofamillimeter:apinheadisaboutamillimeteracross.Rod-shapedbacteriaareusuallyfromtwotofourmicronslong,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter.Thus,ifyouenlargedaroundedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldbejustaboutthesizeofapinhead.Anadulthumanmagnifiedbythesameamountwouldbeoveramile(1.6kilometers)tall.

Evenwithanordinalmicroscopy,youmustlookcloselytoseebacteria.Usingamagnificationof100times,onefindsthatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots.Onecannotmakeoutanythingoftheirstructure.Usingspecialstains,onecanseethatsomebacteriahaveattachedtothemwavy-looking"hairs"calledflagella.Othershaveonlyoneflagellum.Theflagellarotate,pushingthebacteriathroughthewater.Manybacterialackflagellaandcannotmoveaboutbytheirownpower,whileotherscanglidealongoversurfacesbysomelittle-understoodmechanism

Fromthebacterialpointofview,theworldisaverydifferentplacefromwhatitistohumans.Toabacterium,waterisasthickasmolassesistous.Bacteriaaresosmal