考研考博-英语-北京交通职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京交通职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Thatstudentisdiscourteous;hegrumblesnomatterhowonetriestopleasehim.

问题1选项

A.giggles

B.scolds

C.complains

D.sneers

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项giggle“咯咯地笑，傻笑”，B项scold“骂，责骂”，C项complain“抱怨，控诉”，D项sneer“嘲笑，冷笑”。句意：那个学生很无礼，不管别人怎么讨好他，他总是发牢骚。根据句意可知，grumble在句中表示“发牢骚”，四个选项中意思与之相近的是C项。因此，该题选择C项。

2.单选题

After（

）seemedanendlesswait,itwashisturntoenterthepersonnelmanager’soffice.

问题1选项

A.that

B.it

C.what

D.there

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词性从句。分析句子，可知句中缺少主语，因此用what引导名词性从句并在句中作主语；that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分。

句意：在漫长的等待之后，轮到他进入人事经理办公室了。

3.不定项选择题

Themarveloustelephoneandtelevisionnetworkthathasnowenmeshedthewholeworld,makingallmenneighbors,cannotbeextendedtospace.Itwillneverbepossibletoconversewithanyoneonanotherplanet.Evenwithtoday’sradioequipment,themessageswilltakeminutes―sometimeshours―ontheirjourney,becauseradioandlightwavestravelatthesamespeedof186,000milesasecond.

TwentyyearsfromnowyouwillbeabletolistentoafriendonMars,butthewordsyouhearwillhavelefthismouthatleastthreeminutesearlier,andyourreplywilltakeacorrespondingtimetoreachhim.Insuchcircumstances,anexchangeofverbalmessageispossible—butnotaconversation.

Toaculturewhichhascometotakeinstantaneouscommunicationforgranted,aspartofverystructureofcivilizedlife,this“timebarrier”mayhaveaprofoundpsychologicalimpact.Itwillbeaperpetualreminderofuniversallawsandlimitationsagainstwhichnotallourtechnologycaneverprevail.Foritseemsascertainasanythingcanbethatnosignal—stilllessanymaterialobject―cannevertravelfasterthanlight.

Thevelocityoflightistheultimatespeedlimit,beingpartoftheverystructureofspaceandtime.Withinthenarrowconfinesofthesolarsystem,itwillnothandicapustooseverely.Attheworst,thesewillamounttotwentyhours―thetimeittakesaradiosignaltospantheorbitofPluto,theouter-mostplanet.

Itiswhenwemoveoutbeyondtheconfinesofthesolarsystemthatwecomefacetofacewithanaltogethernewgroupofcosmicreality.Eventoday,manyotherwiseeducatedmen―likethosesavageswhocancounttothreebutlumptogetherallnumbersbeyondfour—cannotgrasptheprofounddistinctionbetweensolarandstellarspace.Thefirstisthespaceenclosingourneighboringworlds,theplanets,thesecondisthatwhichembracesthosedistantsuns,thestars,anditisliterallymillionsoftimesgreater.Thereisnotsuchabruptchangeofscaleintheterrestrialaffairs.

Manyconservativescientists,shockedbythesecosmicgulfs,havedeniedthattheycaneverbecrossed.Somepeopleneverlearn;thosewhosixtyyearsagolaughedatthepossibilityofflight,andtenyearsagolaughedattheideaoftraveltotheplanets,arenowquitesurethatthestarswillalwaysbeyondourresearch.Andagaintheyarewrong,fortheyhavefailedtograspthegreatlessonofourage—thatifsomethingispossibleintheory,andnofundamentalscientificlawsopposeitsrealization,thensoonerorlateritwillbeachieved.

Onedayweshalldiscoverareallyefficientmeansofpropellingourspacevehicles.Everytechnicaldeviceisalwaysdevelopedtoitslimitandtheultimatespeedforspaceshipsisthevelocityoflight.Theywillneverreachthatgoal,buttheywillgetverynearit.Andtheneareststarwillbelessthanfiveyearsofvoyagingfromtheearth.

1.Forlighttotravelacrossthesolarsystem,itwilltake（）.

2.Thefactthatitwillneverbepossibletoconversewithsomeoneonanotherplanetshowsthat（）.

3.Confrontedwiththenewgroupofcosmicreality,manyeducatedmen（）.

4.Conservativescientistswhodenythatcosmicgulfscaneverbecrossedwill（）.

5.Theauthorofthepassage,readerscaninfer,intendstoshowthe（）.

问题1选项

A.ayear

B.nearlyaday

C.twomonths

D.thirtyminutes

问题2选项

A.certainuniversallawscannotbeprevailedagainst

B.noobjectcanevertravelfasterthanlight

C.westernculturehasaspecialideaofcommunication

D.radiomessagedonottravelfastenough

问题3选项

A.becomeignorantsavagesagain

B.findthe“timebarrier”unbearable

C.willnotcombinesolarandstellarspace

D.cannotadapttotheabruptchangeofscale

问题4选项

A.laughattheveryideasofflight

B.learnalessonastheydidtenyearsago

C.findspacetravelbeyondtheirreach

D.opposethefundamentalscientificlaws

问题5选项

A.limitationsofourtechnology

B.vastnessofthecosmicreality

C.prospectofplanetarytravel

D.psychologicalimpactoftimeandspace

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第四段中“...thesewillamounttotwentyhours—thetimeittakesaradiosignaltospantheorbitofPluto,theouter-mostplanet.这相当于20个小时——这是一个无线电信号跨越冥王星轨道所需的时间，冥王星是最外层的行星。”20小时几乎一天，可知B项与原文相符。A项“一年”，与原文不符；B项“几乎一天”；C项“两个月”，与原文不符；D项“三十分钟”，与原文不符，因此B选项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第一段中“Itwillneverbepossibletoconversewithanyoneonanotherplanet.Evenwithtoday’sradioequipment,themessageswilltakeminutes—sometimeshours…和另一个星球上的人交谈是不可能的。即使使用今天的无线电设备，发送信息也需要几分钟，有时甚至几小时……”与第二段中“Insuchcircumstances,anexchangeofverbalmessageispossible—butnotaconversation.在这种情况下，口头信息的交换是可能的——但不是对话。”可推知D项与原文相符。A项“某些普遍的规律是不能被推翻的”，与原文不符；B项“没有任何物体的速度能超过光速”，与原文不符；C项“西方文化有一种特殊的沟通观念”，与原文不符；D项“无线电信息传播不够快”，因此D选项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第五段中“Eventoday,manyotherwiseeducatedmen—likethosesavageswhocancounttothreebutlumptogetherallnumbersbeyondfour—cannotgrasptheprofounddistinctionbetweensolarandstellarspace…itisliterallymillionsoftimesgreater.Thereisnotsuchabruptchangeofscaleintheterrestrialaffair.即使在今天，许多受过教育的人——就像那些能数到三，却能把四以外的数字加在一起的野蛮人无法理解太阳和恒星空间的深刻区别一样……它实际上要大几百万倍。陆地事务中没有这样突然的规模变化”，可推知D项与原文相符。A项“再次成为无知的野蛮人”，与原文不符；B项“发现‘时间障碍’难以忍受”，与原文不符；C项“将不会把太阳和恒星的空间结合起来”，与原文不符；D项“不能适应规模的突变”，因此D选项正确。

第4题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第六段中“Somepeopleneverlearn;thosewhosixtyyearsagolaughedatthepossibilityofflight,andtenyearsagolaughedattheideaoftraveltotheplanets,arenowquitesurethatthestarswillalwaysbeyondourresearch.有些人永远学不会；那些六十年前嘲笑飞行的可能性，十年前嘲笑到行星上旅行的想法的人，现在相当肯定地认为恒星永远超出我们的研究范围。”可知C项与原文相符。A项“嘲笑飞行的想法”，与原文不符；B项“像他们十年前那样吸取教训”，与原文不符；C项“发现他们无法进行太空旅行”；D项“反对基本的科学规律”，与原文不符，因此C选项正确。

第5题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章最后一段中“Theywillneverreachthatgoal,buttheywillgetverynearit.他们永远不会达到这个目标，但他们会非常接近这个目标。”这个表述说明了作者对星际旅行充满着期望，因此知C项正确。A项“我们技术的局限性”，与原文不符；B项“浩瀚的宇宙现实”，与原文不符；C项“星际旅行的前景”；D项“时间和空间的心理影响”，与原文不符，因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

Theideaofhumanoidrobotsisnotnew.TheyhavebeenpartoftheimaginativelandscapeeversinceKarlCapek,aCzechwriter,firstdreamedthemupforhis1921play“Possum’sUniversalRobots”.(Theword“robot”comesfromtheCzechwordfordrugery,robota.)Sincethen,Hollywoodhasproducedcountlessvariationsonthetheme,fromthesultryFalseMyriainFritzLang’ssilentmasterpiece“Metropolis”tothewitheringC3POin“StarWars”andtheruthlessassassinof“Terminator”.Humanoidrobotshavewalkedintoourcollectivesubconscious,coloringourviewsofthefuture.

ButnowJapan’sindustrialgiantsarespendingbillionsofyentomakesuchrobotsarealityTheirnewhumanoidsrepresentimpressivefeatsofengineering:whenHondaintroducedAsimo,afour-footrobotthathadbeenindevelopmentforsome15years,itwalkedsofluidlythatitswhitearticulatedexteriorseemedtoconcealahuman.Hondacontinuestomakethemachinefaster,friendlierandmoreagile.LastOctober,whenAsimowasinductedintotheRobotHallofFameinPittsburgh,itwalkedontothestageandaccepteditsownplaque.

Attwoandahalffeettall,Sony’sQRIOissmallerandmoretoy-likethanAsimo.Itwalks,understandsasmallnumberofvoicecommands,andcannavigateonitsown.Ifitfallsover,itgetsupandresumeswhereitleftoff.ItcanevenconnectwirelesslytotheInternetandbroadcastwhatitscameraeyescansee.In2003,SonydemonstratedanupgradedQRIOthatcouldrun.HondarespondedlastDecemberwithaversionofAsimothatrunsattwicethespeed.

In2004,Toyotajoinedthefraywithitsownfamilyofrobots,calledPartner,oneofwhichisafour-foothumanoidthatplaysthetrumpet.Itsfingersworktheinstrument’svalves,andithasmechanicallungsandartificiallips.Toyotahopestoofferacommercialversionoftherobotby2010.Thismonth,50PartnerrobotswillactasguidesatExpo2005InAichi,Japan.

Despitetheirsuddenproliferation,however,humanoidsarestillamechanicalminority.Mostoftheworld’srobotsarefaceless,footlessandmute.Theyareboltedtothefloorsoffactories,stampingoutcarpartsorweldingpiecesofmetal,makingmoremachines.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,businessordersforindustrialrobotsjumped18%inthefirsthalfof2004.Theymaysoonbeoutnumberedbydomesticrobots,suchasself-navigatingvacuumcleaners,lawnmowersandwindowwashers,whicharesellingfast.Butneitherindustrialnordomesticrobotsarehumanoid.

1.Inparagraph1theauthorintroduceshistopicbyrelating（）.

2.Sony'sQRIOcouldperformallthefollowingtasksEXCEPT（）.

3.FromthepassagewemayinferthatToyota’sPartner（）.

4.Judgingfromthecontext,thispassageisprobablywritten（）.

问题1选项

A.theideaofhumanoidrobots

B.KarlCapek’screationofrobots

C.Hollywood’sproductionofrobotfilms

D.Theoriginofandpopularmoviesaboutrobots

问题2选项

A.walkingeverywherefreely

B.understandingsomewordsutteredbypeople

C.findingitsway

D.continuingwalkingafteritstumbles

问题3选项

A.ismuchbetterthananyotherrobots

B.isnomorethanamechanicdevice

C.maybeputintomassproduction

D.mayspeaklikeman

问题4选项

A.in2004

B.in2005

C.between2003and2004

D.between2004and2005

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Inparagraph1theauthorintroduceshistopicbyrelating______.1.在第1段中，作者通过引用______来介绍他的主题。

A.theideaofhumanoidrobotsA.人形机器人的想法

B.KarlCapek’screationofrobotsB.卡尔•恰佩克创造的机器人

C.Hollywood’sproductionofrobotfilmsC.好莱坞制作的机器人电影

D.theoriginofandpopularmoviesaboutrobotsD.关于机器人的电影的起源和流行

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第一段的内容“类人机器人的想法并不新鲜。自从捷克作家卡尔•恰佩克在他1921年的戏剧《博森的全能机器人》中首次构想出机器人以来，它们就一直是想象图景的一部分。从那以后，好莱坞就这个主题制作了无数的变种，从弗里茨•朗的无声杰作《大都会》中性感的FalseMyria，到《星球大战》中冷酷的C3PO，再到《终结者》中冷酷的刺客。人形机器人已经走进了我们的集体潜意识，为我们对未来的看法增添了色彩。”，从中可知，作者通过讲述与机器人有关的电影来引入自己所要讲述的话题，即人形机器人，且举例的电影有明显的时间线，从首次构想到人形机器人已经走进了我们的集体潜意识。因此，该题选择D项“关于机器人的电影的起源和流行”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“形人机器人的想法”，这是文章的主题，不符合题干，张冠李戴；

B项“卡尔•恰佩克创造的机器人”和C项“好莱坞制作的机器人电影”表述不够全面，以偏概全。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.Sony’sQRIOcouldperformallthefollowingtasksEXCEPT______.2.除了______，索尼的QRIO可以执行以下所有任务。

A.walkingeverywherefreelyA.自由地到处走

B.understandingsomewordsutteredbypeopleB.理解人们说的一些话

C.findingitswayC.寻路

D.continuingwalkingafteritstumblesD.在它跌倒后继续走

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据关键词Sony’sQRIO定位至第三段的描述：索尼的QRIO有2.5英尺高，比Asimo更小，更像玩具。它能走路，能听懂少量的语音指令，还能自己导航。如果它摔倒了，它会站起来，重新回到原来的位置。它甚至可以无线连接到互联网，并广播它的摄像头眼睛看到的东西。从中可知，索尼公司的QRIO能走路，能理解少量指令，能独立行走，摔倒后还能爬起来继续行走。而A项“自由地到处走”中的everywhere表述太夸张，故该项不正确，但符合题意。故该题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】B项“理解人们说的一些话”、C项“寻路”和D项“在它跌倒后继续走”都符合原文，属于反向干扰。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.FromthepassagewemayinferthatToyota’sPartner______.3.从文章中我们可以推断出丰田的合作伙伴______。

A.ismuchbetterthananyotherrobotsA.比任何其他机器人都好

B.isnomorethanamechanicdeviceB.只不过是一个机械装置

C.maybeputintomassproductionC.会投入大量生产

D.mayspeaklikemanD.会像人一样说话

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据关键词Toyota’sPartner定位至倒数第二段倒数第二句“丰田希望在2010年之前推出这款机器人的商用版本”，从中可知，丰田将在2010年之前对这款机器人投入量产。故C项“会投入大量生产”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“比任何其他机器人都好”，文中并没有将丰田的机器人与其他机器人进行比较，无中生有；

B项“只不过是一个机械装置”和D项“会像人一样说话”没有提到，无中生有。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Judgingfromthecontext,thispassageisprobablywritten______.4.从上下文判断，这篇文章可能写于______。

A.in2004A.2004年

B.in2005B.2005年

C.between2003and2004C.2003年至2004年之间

D.between2004and2005D.2004年至2005年之间

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据倒数第二段最后一句“本月，50个‘伙伴’机器人将在日本爱知举行的2005年世博会上担任导游”，从thismonth可推断，本文可能写于2005年。故该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“2004年”、C项“2003年至2004年之间”和D项“2004年至2005年之间”都不符合原文，属于曲解原文。

5.单选题

Weareinaneraofinformationprocession（）therearegreatopportunitiesforthosewhocanqualify.

问题1选项

A.which

B.when

C.that

D.where

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。句子前半部分是完整的句子，而且空格前的先行词为area，因此可得出后面的句子为缺少状语的定语从句，即空格处应该填入关系副词，相当于inanarea，故D项符合正确答案。句意：我们正处在信息队列中，有无数的机会等着那些可胜任挑战的人。

6.单选题

Ifadecisionistakenwithmajorityvoting,eachmemberstatecan,inspecialcases,（）itsparticularnationalinterests.

问题1选项

A.trigger

B.assert

C.foster

D.salute

【答案】B

【解析】trigger触发,引起；assert维护,主张；foster培养；salute致敬,行礼。句意：如果一个决策以多数票通过,那么在特殊情况下,每一个成员国都可以维护其各自的国家利益。选项B符合句意。

7.单选题

Theyhadtheattemptto___Andersontothepresidency.

问题1选项

A.evolve

B.elevate

C.evoke

D.evince

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项evolve“发展；进化；使逐步形成；推断出”；B选项elevate“提升；举起；振奋情绪等；提升……的职位”；C选项evoke“引起，唤起；博得”；D选项evince“表明，表示”。句意：他们试图___安德森当上总统。本句表示“试图提升安德森当总统”。因此B选项正确。

8.单选题

Wehaven’tseenourneighborforoveraweek.They______onatripabroad.

问题1选项

A.couldgo

B.mustgo

C.mayhavegone

D.shouldhavegone

【答案】C

【解析】考查情态动词的使用。A选项could表示过去的时间会做某事；B选项must表示必须做某事，C选项mayhavedone表示对过去所发生动作的猜测，D选项shouldhavedone表示本应该做某事而没做。句意：我们已经一个多星期没见到邻居了。他们可能去国外旅行了。本句表示对过去动作的猜测。因此C选项正确。

9.单选题

Thechairmanmadea(n)（）statementbeforebeginningthemainbusinessofthemeeting.

问题1选项

A.intensive

B.intermediate

C.preliminary

D.operational

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。intensive加强的，集中的；intermediate中间的，起媒介作用的；preliminary初步的；operational操作的，运行的。句意：主席在开始会议的主要工作之前作了初步发言。选项C符合句意。

10.单选题

Basicresearchisthecuttingofpathsthroughtheunknown.Asmostofusknowtoday,itisthepacesetterfortechnologyandtherawmaterialofinvention.

Becausebasicresearchisaimedatunderstandingratherthanatpracticalresults,thelaymansometimesassumesthatitisentirelyabstractandtheoretical,andthatonlywhenitbecomesamatterofindustrialdevelopmentdoesit“comedowntoearth.”Thisisafalsenotionanditsfalsitybecomesincreasinglyclearwithtime.Indeed,onestrikingcharacteristicofourscientificagehasbeenthedisappearanceofthebarriersbetweenpureandappliedscience.Notonlyarewefindingimportanttechnologicalapplicationformathematicalandscientificknowledgewhichwasformerlythoughtofasabstractand"useless,buttheadvanceoftechnologyhasbothgeneratednewproblemsinpurescienceandprovidednewtoolswithwhichsuchsciencecanbeadvancedmoreeffectively.Thedevelopmentofthetechniquesandhardwareforradarduringthewar,forexample,gavethephysicistandthechemistanewandrefinedtoolforinvestigatingthepropertiesofsolidsandofchemicalcompounds.Conversely,theextensiveuseofthistoolinbasicsciencehasopenedthewaytoentirelynewtechniquesinelectronics.Similarly,thedevelopmentoflarge-scaleelectroniccomputershasledengineerstofindpracticalusesforsomeofthemost,abstruseand"impractical"branchesofhighermathematics,whiletheunderstandingofthetechniquesofusingcomputershas,ontheotherhand,givenusdeeperinsightintosomeaspectsofthebehaviorofcomplexbiologicalandsocialsystems.Basicandappliedsciencetodayaredistinguishedlessbymethodandcontentthanbymotivation.Veryoftenindeed,thesamemancanbeboth“purescientist”and“engineer”asheworksondifferentproblemsorondifferentpartsofoneproblem.

Bythewordscientistwemeansomeonewhoisfittotakepartinbasicresearch,tolearnwithoutateacher,todiscoverandattacksignificantproblemsnotyetsolved,toshowthenatureofthisprocesstoothers—someone,inshort,whoisequippedtospendalifetimeintheadvancementofscience,tothebestofhisability.

Theprocessofgraduateeducationandtheprocessofbasicresearchbelongtogetherateverypossiblelevel.Thetwokindsofactivityreinforceeachotherinagreatvarietyof,andeachisweakenedwhencarriedonwithouttheother.

Ifgraduateeducationaimsatmakingscientists,andifinquiryintowhatisunknownisthemovingprincipleofallscience,itisnotsurprisingthatexperienceofthiskindofinquiryshouldbeessentialingraduateeducation.Clearlysuchexperienceisbestobtainedinassociationwithotherswhohavehaditorarehavingitthemselves.Theapprenticescientistlearnsbestwhenhelearnsinanatmosphereofactiveresearchwork.Inallformsofscientificwork,aman'seffectivenessismultipliedwhenhehasthatdepthofunderstandingofhissubjectthatcomesonlywiththeexperienceofworkingataresearchproblem.

Theprocessofgraduateeducationdependsonresearchjustasmuchasupon“teaching”.

Indeed,thetwoareessentiallyinseparableandthereisaradicalerrorittryingtothinkofthemasdifferentoroppositeformsofactivity.Fromthepointofviewofthegraduatestudent,theteachingandtheresearchofhisprofessor-areatthecrucialpointwhichdefinesthewhole,uniteD.Whathelearnsisnotoppositefromresearch;itisresearch.Ofcoursemanynecessarypartsofascientist'seducationhavelittletodowithresearch,andobviously,also,formanyprofessorstheremustbeagapbetweenteachingastandardgraduatecourseandworkingatone'sownproblems.Moreover,manygoodteachersmenwhokeepupwiththenewworkintheirsubjectandcommunicateitsmeaningclearlytotheirstudentsarenotthemselvesengagedinresearch.Yetweinsistonthecentralpoint,thewould-bescientistmustlearnwhatitisliketodoscience,andthiswhichisresearchisthemostimportantthinghecanbe“taught”.

Sofarwehavebeenarguingthatgraduateeducationrequirestheexperienceofbasicresearch.Whathappenswhenweturnthematteraround,andaskwhetherbasicresearchmustbecarriedononlyinconjunctionwithgraduateeducation?Heretheanswercannotbesocategorical.Thoughourgeneralconvictionisthatafundamentallyreciprocalrelationdoesexist,itisclearthatresearchofoutstandingqualityisoftencarriedoninisolationfromreachingandindeedquite,outsidetheuniversities.Whilethegreat,teacherofgraduatestudentsisalmostinvariablyaresearchmantoo,therearemanynotablescientistswhohaveaslittleaspossibletodowithteaching.First-rateindustrialandgovernmentallaboratorieswithcommitmentstospecificprogramsarenecessarilyseparatedinsomemeasurefromteachingofaconventionalsort.Thus,basicresearchcanbecarriedonwithoutmuchconnectiontograduateeducation.

Yetinthelongrunitisdangeroustoseparateresearchinanyfieldentirelyfromeducation.Thepoolofgraduatestudentsinouruniversitiesisthepoolfromwhichthescientistofthefuturemustcome.Theseyoungpeopledonoteasilystudywhatisnottaught;theydonotoftenlearnthemeaningofresearchwhichdoesnotexistintheirenvironment.Ascientificfieldwhichhasnoresearchlifeintheuniversitiesisatagravedisadvantageinrecruitingnewmembers.Aslearningandteachingrequireresearch,soresearch,intheend,cannotbesustainedwithoutteaching.Henceitisalwaysimportantforresearchinstallationstomaintaineffectiveconnectionswithstudents.

Thereisalsothefactthatinthewidersenseall-rate-researchlaboratoriesarepermeatedbyanatmosphereoflearning.Successfulresearchcanbedefined,indeed,aslearningwhathasnotbeentaughtbefore,andagoodscientistisconstantlylearningfromothers.Webelievethatresearch,learningandteachingaredeeplyconnectedprocesseswhichshouldkepttogetherwhereverpossible.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,basicresearch（）.

2.Ourscientificageischaracterizedby（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,ascientistisone（）.

4.Indiscussingtherelationshipbetweenresearchandgraduateeducationtheauthorthink（）.

5.Anapprenticescientistlearnsbetterinanatmosphereofresearchworkbecause（）.

问题1选项

A.isaimedatunderstandingandtherefore,isbasicallyabstractandtheoretical.

B.hasopenedthewaytoentirelynewtechniquesinelectronics

C.givesusdeeperinsightintosomeaspectsofthebehaviorofcomplexbiologicalsocialsystems.

D.issometimeshardtodistinguishfromappliedscience.

问题2选项

A.thevanishingofbarriersbetweenpureandappliedsciences

B.thedisappearanceofdifferencesbetweenpureandappliedsciences

C.practicalapplicationsofsomeofthemostabstractandImpracticalbranchesscience

D.theinventionofnewandrefinedtoolsforinvestigationandresearch

问题3选项

A.whoisabletoparticipateinbasicresearchandworkontheunsolvedproblems

B.whoisabletodevelophisabilitiesinsolvingproblems

C.whoiscompetenttoshowtheprocessofresearchtoothers

D.whoiscapableofdoingallabove-mentioned

问题4选项

A.thatgraduateeducationdependsonresearchjustasmuchasuponteaching.

B.thatgraduatestudentslearnbetterwhentheyworkataresearchproblem

C.thatgraduateeducationrequirestheexperienceofbasicresearch

D.thatgraduateeducationandresearchareinseparableanddependoneachother.

问题5选项

A.graduateeducationrequirestheexperienceofbasicresearch.

B.manyprofessorsareengagedinresearchandthisisthemostimportantthingtheyteach.

C.whenapersonisdoingresearchhehasabetterunderstandingofthesubjecthelearningandthus,theeffectivenessisincreased

D.theprocessofgraduateeducationandtheprocessofbasicresearchbelongtogethereverypossiblelevel

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。A选项可以定位到文章中“Becausebasicresearchisaimedatunderstandingratherthanatpracticalresults,thelaymansometimesassumesthatitisentirelyabstractandtheoretical.”中文翻译为：因为基础研究旨在理解而不是实际结果，所以，外行有时认为它完全是抽象的和理论性的。可知A选项错误；由B选项可以定位到文章中“Conversely,theextensiveuseofthistoolinbasicsciencehasopenedthewaytoentirelynewtechniquesinelectronics.”中文翻译为：相反，在基础科学中广泛使用这一工具，为电子领域的全新技术开辟了道路。”可知B选项错误；由C选项可以定位到文章中“whiletheunderstandingofthetechniquesofusingcomputershas,ontheotherhand,givenusdeeperinsightintosomeaspectsofthebehaviorofcomplexbiologicalandsocialsystems.”中文翻译为：另一方面，对计算机技术的理解使我们对复杂的生物和社会系统的某些方面有了更深入的了解。可知C选项符合作者观点；根据D选项可以定位到原文“Indeed,onestrikingcharacteristicofourscientificagehasbeenthedisappearanceofthebarriersbetweenpureandappliedscience.”中文翻译为：事实上，我们这个科学时代的一个显著特点是，纯科学和应用科学之间的障碍消失了。障碍消失不代表很难将基础科学与应用科学之间区分开，故排除D选项。因此答案为C。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词scientificage可定位到文章“Indeed,onestrikingcharacteristicofourscientificagehasbeenthedisappearanceofthebarriersbetweenpureandappliedscience”，中文翻译为：事实上，我们这个科学时代的一个显著特点是，纯科学和应用科学之间的障碍消失了。因此A项“纯科学与应用科学之间的障碍消失了”正确。

3.推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到原文“Bythewordscientistwemeansomeonewhoisfittotakepartinbasicresearch,tolearnwithoutateacher,todiscoverandattacksignificantproblemsnotyetsolved,toshowthenatureofthisprocesstoothers—someone,inshort,whoisequippedtospendalifetimeintheadvancementofscience,tothebestofhisability.”，中文翻译为：根据科学家这个词，我们可以说他是适合于基础研究、自主学习，发现并攻击尚未解决的重大问题，而且向他人展示这一过程的本质。简而言之，科学家会在科学进步中奉献一生并且尽最大能力去完成。因此，最佳答案为D项。

4.推理判断题。由题干关键词therelationshipbetweenresearchandgraduateeducation可以定位到原文“Theprocessofgraduateeducationandtheprocessofbasicresearchbelongtogetherateverypossiblelevel.Thetwokindsofactivityreinforceeachotherinagreatvarietyof,andeachisweakenedwhencarriedonwithouttheother.”，中文翻译为：研究生教育的过程和基础研究的过程是各方面的共同努力。这两种活动在各种情况下相互加强，每一种活动在没有对方的情况下都会被削弱。以及“Theprocessofgraduateeducationdependsonresearchjustasmuchasupon“teaching”Indeed,thetwoareessentiallyinseparableandthereisaradicalerrorittryingtothinkofthemasdifferentoroppositeformsofactivity.”，中文翻译为：研究生教育的过程就像“教学”一样依赖于研究。事实上，两者本质上是不可分割的，它试图把它们看作是不同或相反的活动形式，这是一个根本性的错误。可以得出D项“研究生教育和研究是不可分割的并且互相依赖”为最佳答案。

5.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文“Clearlysuchexperienceisbestobtainedinassociationwithotherswhohaveha