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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京铁道职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Theroadoutsidetheschoolisamenacetothechildren’ssafety.Theunderlinedpartmeans().

问题1选项

A.trouble

B.headache

C.barrier

D.threat

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项trouble“麻烦;烦恼”;B选项headache“头痛;麻烦”;C选项barrier“障碍物,屏障;界线”;D选项threat“威胁”。句意:学校外面的道路对孩子们的安全是个(

)。根据逻辑可知,对学生而言,校外的道路是有交通安全隐患的,即“威胁”,因此D选项正确。

2.不定项选择题

(1)Thenaturalenvironmenthas,ofcourse,alwaysconditionedtechnology.Forexample,thenatureofanenvironment(polar,desert,jungle)engendersthedevelopmentoftechnologiesappropriatetothatenvironmenttoenablemantoadaptsuccessfullytoit.Further,emergingscarcityofsometechnologicalresourcemayignitearesearchfor,andgradualtransitionto,anewtechnologyusingresourcespresentintheenvironmentingreaterabundance,as,forexample,inthecaseofthegradualchangefromwood-basedtocoal-basedtechnologyinEnglandthatbeganinElizabethtimesandstretcheduntiltheendoftheeighteenthcentury.

(2)InmodernWesternsociety,environmenthasbeguntoconditiontechnologyinnewways,althoughadmittedlymoreindirectly.Thesafetyandqualityoftheenvironmentandpublicperceptionsofithavebeguntotranslateintopresidentialpoliticsandcongressionalmandatestoregulatoryagenciestoprotectorenhanceenvironmentalqualityorsafety,occasionallyevenatthecostofsomeperturbationofthetech-economicstatus-quo.InFrance,Italy,andrecentlytheUnitedStates,politicalpartieshavebeenformed,organizedaroundacomplexoftechnology/environmentissues.Ingeneral,inthelastfifteenyears,thegradualdevelopmentofbroad-basedenvironmentalawareness,thelobbyingandlitigiousactivitiesofenvironmentalinterestgroups,andguidelinesissuedandreinforcedbytheEPA(EnvironmentalProtectionAgency)inresponsetocongressionalmandateshavemarkedlyincreasedtheheedpaidtotheenvironmentbymanycorporationsingoingabouttheirtechnologyactivities.Bothresearchadevelopmentprioritiesandcapitalinvestmentprogramsofthecorporationshavebeenaffectedbythis.

41.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

42.Wecaninferfromthearticlethatinthe1800sEnglandwasprobablyrichin().

43.InmodernWesternsociety,theenvironmentalproblemhas().

44.Theunderlinedword“heed”inthelastbutonesentenceofthepassagemeans().

45.Whatisthebesttopicforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Environmentenablesmantoadaptsuccessfullytonewtechnology.

B.Technologiesenablemantoadaptsuccessfullytohisenvironment.

C.Thedevelopmentofthetechnologiesdependssolelyonthenaturalenvironment.

D.Lackoftechnologiestocopewiththeenvironmentiscausedbylackofnaturalresources.

问题2选项

A.woodresources

B.technologicalresources

C.naturalresources

D.coalresource

问题3选项

A.receivedgreatattentionfromthegovernments

B.causedsomeseriousdisordersintechnologyandeconomy

C.affectedmoderntechnologiesmoredirectlythanbefore

D.becomemoreimportantbutreceivedlessandlessattention

问题4选项

A.lawsuit

B.interest

C.attention

D.expense

问题5选项

A.Whatcannaturecontributetotechnology?

B.Environmentcansometimesblocktheprogressoftechnology.

C.Technologiesofallkindsshouldservethenaturalenvironment.

D.Environmentdeservesthemostattentioninthedevelopmentoftechnology.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】41.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“下列哪一项是正确的?”。根据第一段第二句thenatureofanenvironment(polar,desert,jungle)engendersthedevelopmentoftechnologiesappropriatetothatenvironmenttoenablemantoadaptsuccessfullytoit.(一个环境(极地、沙漠、丛林)的本质导致了适合该环境的技术的发展,使人们能够成功地适应环境。)可知,技术可以使人成功适应环境,所以B项“技术使人能够成功地适应环境”正确。A项“环境使人能够成功地适应新技术”,内容与原文相反;C项“技术的发展完全依赖于自然环境”,没有过分强调技术的发展依赖与环境,C选项太绝对;D项“缺乏应对环境问题的技术是由于缺乏自然资源造成的”偷换概念,D项错误。故该题选B。

42.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干意思是“从这篇文章中我们可以推断出,在19世纪,英国可能在……是富有的”。根据第一段最后一句inthecaseofthegradualchangefromwood-basedtocoal-basedtechnologyinEnglandthatbeganinElizabethtimesandstretcheduntiltheendoftheeighteenthcentury.(英国从以木材为基础的技术到以煤为基础的技术的逐步转变始于伊丽莎白时代,一直持续到18世纪末。)可知,18世纪的煤炭资源很丰富,才能进行基于煤炭的科技。因此D项“煤炭资源”正确。A项“木材资源”,文中提到英国已经从木材为基础的技术转变为了煤炭为基础的技术,所以A项不选;B项“技术资源”过于笼统;C项“自然资源”文章没有提到。故该题选D。

43.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干意思是“在现代西方社会,环境问题已经……”。第二段第四句提到Ingeneral,inthelastfifteenyears,thegradualdevelopmentofbroad-basedenvironmentalawareness,thelobbyingandlitigiousactivitiesofenvironmentalinterestgroups,andguidelinesissuedandreinforcedbytheEPA(EnvironmentalProtectionAgency)inresponsetocongressionalmandateshavemarkedlyincreasedtheheedpaidtotheenvironmentbymanycorporationsingoingabouttheirtechnologyactivities.(总的来说,近15年来,广泛的环境意识的逐渐发展,环境利益集团的游说和诉讼活动和环境保护署为了响应国会的授权而发布和加强的指导方针显著地增加了许多公司在从事其技术活动时对环境的重视。)由此可知,政府,机构和企业对环境越来越重视,所以A项“受到政府的高度重视”符合题意。B项“在技术和经济上造成了严重的混乱”和C项“比以前更直接地影响了现代技术”没有提到;D项“变得越来越重要,但得到的关注却越来越少”,内容与原文相反。故该题选A。

44.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】词义推测题。题干意思是“文章最后一个句子中划线的单词‘heed’的意思是……”。A项“诉讼”,B项“利益”,C项“注意”,D项“损失,代价”。根据heed可以定位到第二段havemarkedlyincreasedtheheedpaidtotheenvironmentbymanycorporationsingoingabouttheirtechnologyactivities.(显著地增加了许多公司在从事其技术活动时对环境的重视)可知,heed在原文中的意思是“注意”,选项中只有attention符合,故该题选C。

45.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章最好的标题是什么”。根据文章的中心句Thenaturalenvironmenthas,ofcourse,alwaysconditionedtechnology.(当然,自然环境总是制约着技术。)和后文论述的环境与科技的关系,可知科技发展的同时要重视环境,所以D项“在技术的发展中,环境是最值得重视的”符合题意。A项“自然能对技术做出什么贡献?”,B项“环境有时会阻碍技术的进步”,内容与原文不符;C项“各种技术都应该为自然环境服务”,该项太绝对。故该题选D。

3.写作题

WriteanessayontheAnswerSheetinabout200wordswiththetitle“OpenMind”

【答案】Openmind

Nowadays,havinganopenmindisveryindispensable.Ifsomebodyisopen-minded,thatmeanshe/sheiswillingtoacceptdifferentideasornewthings.Inoursociety,newthingskeeppumpingout,whichrequiresustohaveanopenmind.Onlyinthisway,wecanfollowthestepofthetimeandbenefitfromdevelopment.Ifweareconfinedourselvesinasmallworldandrefusetoacceptdifferentideas,thenoneday,wewillbecameverystubbornandhardtocommunicatewith.Andalso,ifwecan’tbeopen-minded,wewillneverhavecreativethinking,whichservesasthekeyofourdevelopment.Asanemployee,onlyifwehaveanopenmind,ononehand,wecanmakeachievementsandprogressbyrealizingourownweekpointsandappreciatingothers’strongones.Ontheotherhand,withanopenmind,wecanworkwithothercolleagueswonderfullythroughmutualunderstandingandappreciation.Asaboss,anopenmindisequallyessential,forhavingit,wearewillingtolistentosomedifferentopinionsandencourageouremployeestopresenttheirnewideas,whichcanbringhugesometimes.Tosumup,anopenmindistolifewhatbrothistosoup.

4.单选题

Theacceptedcriteriaofadequatediethavebeenchallengedbynewdiscoveriesinnutrition.

问题1选项

A.formations

B.components

C.standards

D.ingredients

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。criteria“标准,条件”;A选项formation“形成;组成,(军)队形”;B选项component“成分;组件”;C选项standard“标准;水准”;D选项ingredient“原料;要素;组成部分”。句意:公认的充足饮食的标准受到营养学上的新发现的挑战。根据句中“adequatediet适当饮食”与“nutrition营养学”可知criteria在这里的意思为标准,因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

Accordingtodoctors,ifonecan

thebottleandcigarettes,onecanusuallybemuchhealthier.

问题1选项

A.takeoff

B.keepoff

C.getoff

D.leaveoff

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。takeoff“起飞;离开”;keepoff“让开;不接近”;getoff“动身”;leaveoff“停止”。句意:根据医生的说法,如果一个人能远离烟酒,他会更健康。选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

Alltheflights(

)becauseofthesnowstorm,wehadtotakethetraininstead.

问题1选项

A.werecanceled

B.hadbeencanceled

C.havingcanceled

D.havingbeencanceled

【答案】D

【解析】句意:所有航班因暴风雪都被取消,我们不得不改乘火车。

语法题。考查独立主格结构。题干后半句已经完整,所以前半句是独立主格结构,排除A,B。由于动作发生在“改乘火车”之前,而且是“被取消”,所以用havingbeencanceled。

7.单选题

Whatweknowofprenataldevelopmentmakesallthisattemptmadebyamothertomoldthecharacterofherunbornchildbystudyingpoetry,art,ormathematicsduringpregnancyseemutterlyimpossible.Howcouldsuchextremelycomplexinfluencespassfromthemothertothechild?Thereisnoconnectionbetweentheirnervoussystems.Eventhebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchild,becauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryherblood.Anychemicalchangeinthemother’sbloodwillaffectthechildforbetterorworse.Butwecannotseehowalookingformathematicsorpoeticgeniuscanbedissolvedinbloodandproduceasimilarlikingorgeniusinthechild.

Inourdiscussionofinstinctswesawthattherewasreasontobelievethatwhateverweinheritmustbeofsomeverysimplesortratherthananycomplicatedorverydefinitekindofbehavior.Itiscertainthatnooneinheritsknowledgeofmathematics.Itmaybe,however,thatchildreninheritmoreorlessofarathergeneralabilitythatwemaycallintelligence.Ifveryintelligentchildrenbecomedeeplyinterestedinmathematics,theywillprobablymakeasuccessofthatstudy.

Asformusicalability,itmaybethatwhatisinheritedisanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsorthevocalorgansconnectionsbetweennervesandmusclesthatmakeitcomparativelyeasytolearnthemovementsamusicianmustexecute,andparticularlyvigorousemotions.Ifthesefactorsareallorganizedaroundmusic,thechildmaybecomeamusician.Thesamefactors,inothercircumstancemightbeorganizedaboutsomeothercenterofinterest.Therichemotionalequipmentmightfindexpressioninpoetry.Thecapablefingersmightdevelopskillinsurgery.Itisnottheknowledgeofmusicthatisinherited,thennoreventheloveofit,butacertainbodilystructurethatmakesitcomparativelyeasytoacquiremusicalknowledgeandskill.Whetherthatabilityshallbedirectedtowardmusicorsomeotherundertakingmaybedecidedentirelybyforcesintheenvironmentinwhichachildgrowsup.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

2.Amotherwillaffectherunbornbabyontheconditionthat().

3.Accordingtothepassage,achildmayinherit().

4.Ifachildinheritssomethingfromhismother,suchasanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsorofthevocalorgans,hewill().

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Somemotherstrytoinfluencetheirunbornchildrenbystudyingartandothersubjectsduringtheirpregnancy.

B.Itisutterlyimpossibleforustolearnanythingaboutprenataldevelopment.

C.Thebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.

D.Therearenoconnectionbetweenmother'snervoussystemsandherunbornchild's.

问题2选项

A.sheisemotionallyshocked

B.shehasagoodknowledgeofinheritance

C.shetakespartinallkindofactivities

D.shestickstostudying

问题3选项

A.everythingfromhismother

B.aknowledgeofmathematics

C.arathergeneralabilitythatwecallintelligence

D.hermother'smusicalability

问题4选项

A.surelybecomemusician

B.mostlybecomeapoet

C.possiblybecomeateacher

D.becomeamusicianontheconditionthatallthesefactorsareorganizedaroundmusic

问题5选项

A.RoleofInheritance.

B.AnUnbornChild.

C.Functionofinstincts.

D.InheritedTalents

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。题干意为:以下哪项不正确?A:孕期妈妈通过学习诗歌、艺术或者数学,以影响宝宝的某种品质。B:完全不能从产前发育中学到什么。C:母亲的血管和孩子没有直接连接。D:母亲和宝宝之间的神经系统没有连接。文章第一句指出:Whatweknowofprenataldevelopmentmakesallthisattemptmadebyamothertomoldthecharacterofherunbornchildbystudyingpoetry,art,ormathematicsduringpregnancyseemutterlyimpossible(孕期妈妈通过学习诗歌、艺术或者数学,以影响宝宝的某种品质,以期获得众所周知的“产前发展”,但是,这似乎是不可能的)。因此A项正确,B项错误。第一段还指出:Thereisnoconnectionbetweentheirnervoussystems.Eventhebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly(母亲和宝宝之间的神经系统没有连接。甚至,母亲的血管和孩子没有直接连接),因此C和D项正确。答案选B。

2.细节事实题。题干意为:在什么情况下,母亲影响未出生的宝宝?第一段指出:Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchild,becauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryherblood.Anychemicalchangeinthemother’sbloodwillaffectthechildforbetterorworse(妈妈情绪上的波动会影响到宝宝,因为这能改变她腺体的活性和血液中的化学成分。妈妈血液中化学成分的任何改变都会或好或坏的影响到宝宝)。因此,A项“她的情绪波动”正确。

3.细节事实题。题干意为:根据文章,孩子会遗传什么?根据题干关键词child和inherit定位至第二段:Itmaybe,however,thatchildreninheritmoreorlessofarathergeneralabilitythatwemaycallintelligence(然而,可能是孩子或多或少遗传了相当普通的能力,我们把它称之为智力)。因此,C项“我们称之为智力的一种相当普通的能力”正确。

4.细节事实题。题干意为:如果孩子从母亲那遗传了一些东西,如特别灵敏的耳朵、构造独特的双手和特别的发音器官,那么,他会怎么样?第三段指出:Asformusicalability,itmaybethatwhatisinheritedisanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsorthevocalorgansconnectionsbetweennervesandmusclesthatmakeitcomparativelyeasytolearnthemovementsamusicianmustexecute,andparticularlyvigorousemotions.Ifthesefactorsareallorganizedaroundmusic,thechildmaybecomeamusician(对于音乐才能,宝宝可能遗传的可能是特别灵敏的耳朵、构造独特的双手、由神经和肌肉相互连接的发音器官,而上述条件能让一个人相对容易地习得音乐家的动作和特别饱满的感情。如果这些因素都围绕音乐而被组织起来,那么,孩子可能成为音乐家)。因此选D项“在所有因素都围绕着音乐而组织的时候,他会成为音乐家”。

5.主旨大意题。题干意为:最适合文章的标题是…文章主要是通过介绍孕期妈妈与未出生的宝宝相关品质的关系,进而分析在宝宝的天赋形成过程中,遗传起到什么样的作用。因此A项“遗传的角色”比较适合做文章标题。

8.单选题

_____wearehavingthesedays!

问题1选项

A.Whatalovelyweather

B.Whatlovelyweathers

C.Whatlovelyweather

D.Whatlovelyaweather

【答案】C

【解析】考查what感叹句结构。What的用法有:What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语,What+形容词+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词+主语+谓语,weather为不可数名词,所以选项C用法正确,其余均表述有误。

9.单选题

Althoughsports()thehousehold,Joedrewthelinewhentheyinterferedwithfamilytraditionsandroutine.

问题1选项

A.overwhelmed

B.affected

C.dominated

D.influenced

【答案】C

【解析】句意:尽管体育运动在Joe的家庭中占主导地位,但是当这些运动影响到家庭传统和日常事务时,他会放弃体育运动。

考查动词辨析。overwhelm淹没,受打击,覆盖;affect影响,感染;dominate控制,支配:influence影响。根据后半句句意“当这些运动影响到家庭传统和日常事务时,他会放弃体育运动”以及转折连词although可知,C符合句意。

10.单选题

Oursisasocietythattriestokeeptheworldsharplydividedintomasculineandfeminine,notbecausethatisthewaytheworldis,butbecausethatisthewaywebelieveitshouldbe.Ittakesunwaveringbeliefandconsiderableefforttokeepthisdivision.Italsoleadsustomakesomefairlyfoolishjudgments,particularlyaboutlanguage.

Becausewethinkthatlanguagealsoshouldbedividedintomasculineandfemininewehavebecomeveryskilledatignoringanythingthatwillnotfitourpreconceptions.Wewouldratherchangewhatwehearthanchangeourideasaboutthegenderdivisionoftheworld.Wewillcallassertivegirlsunfeminine,andsupportiveboyseffeminate,andtrytochangethemwhilestillretainingourstereotypesofmasculineandfemininetalk.

Thisiswhysomeresearchonsexdifferencesandlanguagehasbeensointeresting.Itisanillustrationofhowwrongwecanbe.Ofthemanyinvestigatorswhosetouttofindthestereotypedsexdifferencesinlanguage,fewhavehadanypositiveresults.Itseemsthatourimagesofserioustaciturn(沉默的)malespeakersandgossipygarrulous(饶舌)femalespeakersarejustthat:images.

Manymythsassociatedwithmasculineandfemininetalkhavehadtobediscardedasmoreresearchhasbeenundertaken.Iffemalesdousemoretrivialwordsthanmales,stoptalkinginmid-sentence,ortalkaboutthesamethingsoverandoveragain,theydonotdoitwheninvestigatorsarearound.

Noneofthesecharacteristicsoffemalespeechhavebeenfound.Andevenwhensexdifferenceshavebeenfound,thequestionarisesastowhetherthedifferenceisintheeye-orear-ofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguage.

Pitchprovidesoneexample.Webelievethatmalesweremeanttotalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoices.Wealsobelievethatlowpitchismoredesirable.Well,ithasbeenfoundthatthisdifferencecannotbeexplainedbyanatomy.

Ifmalesdonotspeakinhighpitchedvoices,itisnotusuallybecausetheyareunabletodoso.Thereasonismorelikelytobethattherearepenalties.Maleswithhighpitchedvoicesareoftentheobjectofridicule.Butpitchisnotanabsolute,forwhatisconsideredtherightpitchformalesvariesfromcountrytocountry.

1.Thepassageimpliesthattheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedivisionoffemininetalkandmasculinetalkis______.

2.Whatdoestheword“effeminate”(Para2)mean?

3.Theauthorusespitchasanexampleinordertoindicate______.

4.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothestereotypeoffemininetalk?

5.Malesdonotspeakloudlybecause______.

问题1选项

A.assertive

B.snobbish

C.approving

D.critical

问题2选项

A.Unfeminine.

B.Powerful.

C.Obedient.

D.Unmasculine.

问题3选项

A.thatpitchisnotagoodexampletoexplainthesexdifferencesinlanguage

B.thatmalesshouldtalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoices

C.thatsexdifferencesinlanguagecannotbewellillustrated

D.thatsexdifferenceslieineyeorearofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguage

问题4选项

A.Alwaysusingtrivialwords.

B.Repeatthesamethingoverandover.

C.Stoptalkingwhenthesentenceisnotfinished.

D.Noneoftheabove.

问题5选项

A.malesareunabletodoso

B.malesareafraidofbeinglaughedat

C.highpitchisacharacteristicoffemalespeechratherthanmalespeech

D.anatomyhasprovedthatmalestendtohavelowerpitchesthanfemales

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Thepassageimpliesthattheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedivisionoffemininetalkandmasculinetalkis______.1.这篇文章暗示了作者对女性话语和男性话语划分的态度是______。

A.assertiveA.肯定的,独断的

B.snobbishB.势利的

C.approvingC.赞成的

D.criticalD.批判的

【考查点】观点态度题。

【解题思路】根据第一段最后两句“要保持这种划分,需要坚定的信念和相当大的努力(considerableeffort)。它也会让我们做出一些相当愚蠢(fairlyfoolish)的判断,尤其是在语言方面。”,从considerable和fairlyfoolish可以看出,作者对于男性和女性语言上的划分是批判的态度。因此,D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“肯定的,独断的”、B选项“势利的”曲解原文;

C选项“赞成的”与原文相反,反向干扰。

2.【选项释义】

2.Whatdoestheword“effeminate”(Para2)mean?2.第二段中的effeminate是什么意思?

A.Unfeminine.A.不像女性的。

B.Powerful.B.强大的。

C.Obedient.C.顺从的。

D.Unmasculine.D.无男子汉气概的。

【考查点】词义推测题。

【解题思路】根据effeminate定位至第二段最后一句“我们会说自信的女孩是非女性化的(unfeminine),能给予支持和帮助的男孩是effeminate,并试图改变他们,同时仍然保留我们的男性和女性谈话的刻板印象”,从中可知,effeminate与unfeminine是相对应的,自信的女生被认为是非女性化,那么能给予支持和帮助的男孩会被认为非男性化,所以推测effeminate表示“非男性化”的意思。D项符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“不像女性的”与原文相反,属于反向干扰;

B选项“强大的”、C选项“顺从的”属于曲解原文。

3.【选项释义】

3.Theauthorusespitchasanexampleinordertoindicate______.3.作者以音高为例来表示______。

A.thatpitchisnotagoodexampletoexplainthesexdifferencesinlanguageA.这个音高并不能很好地解释语言中的性别差异

B.thatmalesshouldtalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoicesB.男性应该用低音调说话,女性应该用高音调说话

C.thatsexdifferencesinlanguagecannotbewellillustratedC.语言中的性别差异无法很好地说明

D.thatsexdifferenceslieineyeorearofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguageD.性别差异在于观察者的眼睛或耳朵,而不是语言

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】首先,根据关键词pitch定位至倒数第二段,该段讲述了以pitch为例的内容:我们习惯认为男性是低音调,女性是高音调,但是解剖学也无法解释这种音高差异;也就是说音高中的性别差异无法很好地说明。然后看到上一段讲到“这些女性语言特征都没有被发现。即使已经发现了性别差异,问题还是出在观察者的眼睛上或者耳朵上,而不是语言上。”,可知即使知道了性别差异,也是我们的眼睛或者耳朵发现的,并不能从语言上来很好区分,作者以pitch为例就是做一个类比,所以同样地,语言中的性别差异也无法很好地说明。C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“这个音高并不能很好地解释语言中的性别差异”并不是作者以音高为例的目的,张冠李戴;

B选项“男性应该用低音调说话,女性应该用高音调说话”并不是使用音高作为例子的目的,属于曲解原文;

D选项“性别差异在于观察者的眼睛或耳朵,而不是语言”也与题干无关,张冠李戴。

4.【选项释义】

4.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothestereotypeoffemininetalk?4.以下哪一项不属于女性谈话的刻板印象?

A.Alwaysusingtrivialwords.A.总是使用琐碎的词汇。

B.Repeatthesamethingoverandover.B.一遍又一遍地重复同样的事情。

C.Stoptalkingwhenthesentenceisnotfinished.C.句子还没说完就停止说话。

D.Noneoftheabove.D.以上都不是。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据倒数第三段第二句“如果女性确实比男性使用更多的琐碎词汇,或者在句子中间停止说话,或者一遍又一遍地谈论同样的事情,当调查人员在场时,她们就不会这样做”,以及第四段第一句“这些女性语言特征(characteristicsoffemale)都没有被发现”,综合理解可知,女性语言特征是使用更多的琐碎词汇、话没说完就停止说话和不断谈论同样的事情,这是我们对女性谈话的刻板印象。只有D项“以上都不是”明显和原文相悖,但符合题意,故选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A选项“总是使用琐碎的词汇”、B选项“一遍又一遍地重复同样的事情”、C选项“句子还没说完就停止说话”均符合原文,属于反向干扰。

5.【选项释义】

5.Malesdonotspeakloudlybecause______.5.男性不大声说话是因为______。

A.malesareunabletodosoA.男性不能这样做

B.malesareafraidofbeinglaughedatB.男性害怕被嘲笑

C.highpitchisacharacteristicoffemalespeechratherthanmalespeechC.高音是女性说话的特点,而不是男性说话的特点

D.anatomyhasprovedthatmalestendtohavelowerpitchesthanfemalesD.解剖学证明,男性的音高往往比女性低

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至文章最后一段“如果男性没有高声说话,通常并不是因为他们不能这样做。原因更有可能是处罚(penalties)。嗓音尖的男性常成为嘲笑(ridicule)的对象。”,综合理解可知,男性不会高声说话的原因是他们怕被别人嘲笑,B项符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“男性不能这样做”与原文相反,属于反向干扰;

C选项“高音是女性说话的特点,而不是男性说话的特点”是男性被嘲笑的原因,而不是不能高声说话的原因,属于张冠李戴;

D选项“解剖学证明,男性的音高往往比女性低”定位至倒数第二段最后一句“人们发现这种差异无法用解剖学来解释”,其中差异指的是音高差异,可知该项属于反向干扰。

11.单选题

Theproblemisthatthelossofconfidenceamongthesoldierscanbehighlycontagious.

问题1选项

A.spreading

B.contemptible

C.contented

D.depressing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。contagious在句中是“传染性的,会感染的”;A选项spreading“扩散的”;B选项contemptible“可鄙的”;C选项contented“满足的,心安的”;D选项depressing“沉闷的,阴沉的”。句意:问题是士兵们失去信心可能会传染。因此只有A项符合。

12.单选题

Glassthathasbeentemperedmaybeupto().

问题1选项

A.fivetimesashardasordinaryglass

B.ashardasordinaryglassfivetimes

C.hardasordinaryglassasfivetimes

D.asfivetimeshardordinaryglass

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。考查倍数表达:倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+其它。句意:钢化玻璃的硬度可能是普通玻璃的五倍。因此A项正确。

13.单选题

Thepeoplestood___atthebeautifulpicture.

问题1选项

A.glaring

B.gazing

C.peeping

D.gasping

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项glaring“怒目而视,瞪眼看;发出刺眼的光”;B选项gazing“凝望,凝视”;C选项peeping“唧唧叫;窥探”;D选项gasping“喘气;渴望”。句意:人们站在那里,___这幅美丽的画。本句表达“凝视美丽的画”。因此B选项正确。

14.单选题

Allthatdaymyfatherwasin____ashehadlosthiswallet.

问题1选项

A.greatanxiety

B.ambition

C.illhumor

D.hospitality

【答案】A

【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项greatanxiety“非常焦虑”;B选项ambition“雄心;野心”;C选项illhumor“怒气;不悦”;D选项hospitality“热情;好客”。句意:那一整天,我父亲都____好像他丢了钱包一样。根据句意,丢了钱包的人应该是焦虑,着急的,A选项greatanxiety最符合句意。因此,本题最佳选项为A。

15.单选题

Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxurygoodsandservicesthattookplacein18th-centuryEngland.McKendrickhasexploredtheWedgwoodfirm'sremarkablesuccessinmarketingluxurypottery;Plumbhaswrittenabouttheproliferationofprovincialtheaters,musicalfestivals,andchildren'stoysandbooks.Whilethefactofthisconsumerrevolutionishardlyindoubt,threekeyquestionsremain:Whoweretheconsumers?Whatweretheirmotives?Andwhatweretheeffectsofthenewdemandforluxuries?

Ananswertothefirstofthesehasbeendifficulttoobtain.Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturesandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.Westillneedtoknowhowlargethisconsumermarketwasandhowfardownthesocialscaletheconsumerdemandforluxurygoodspenetrated.Withregardtothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageof18th-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral;forexample,laboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandreadilyshiftedfromhome-brewedbeertostandardizedbeerproducedbyhuge,heavilycapitalizedurbanbreweries.

Toanswerthequestionofwhyconsumersbecamesoeagertobuy,somehistorianshavepointedtotheabilityofmanufacturerstoadvertiseinarelativelyuncensoredpress.This,however,hardlyseemsasufficientanswer.McKendrickfavorsaVeblenmodelofconspicuousconsumptionstimulatedbycompetitionforstatus.The"middlingsort"boughtgoodsandservicesbecausetheywantedtofollowfashionssetbytherich.Again,wemaywonderwhetherthisexplanationissufficient.Donotpeopleenjoybuyingthingsasaformofself-gratification?Ifso,

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