考研考博-英语-南阳职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南阳职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Sometimesitcanbeshownthatthetissuenotonlylookshomogeneous,butactuallyisso,because,ifthetissueiscutinhalf,eachhalfwillregulatetogiverisetothesamepatternaswouldotherwisehavebeenproducedbythewhole.

问题1选项

A.create

B.occur

C.emerge

D.deteriorate

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项create“创造，创作；造成”；B选项occur“发生；出现；存在”；C选项emerge“浮现；摆脱；暴露”；D选项deteriorate“恶化，变坏”。句意：可以证明，组织不仅看起来是均匀的，而且实际上是均匀的，因为如果组织被切成两半，每一半将调节以产生与整体相同的图案。结合此处关键词giveriseto“造成；引起；导致”，得知A为正确答案。

2.单选题

Hewasveryintelligent,buthe（）therequirementforamanager.

问题1选项

A.fellshortof

B.ranshortof

C.ranoutof

D.frozeoutof

【答案】A

【解析】动词词组辨析。fellshortof达不到,缺乏;ranshortof快用完了;ranoutof用完;frozeoutof不是词组。句意：他很聪明,但达不到管理职位的要求。选项A符合句意。

3.单选题

Shesaidthatthetreatmentshehadreceivedinthehospitalhascompletely（

）herasherdignity.

问题1选项

A.thrived

B.suspended

C.deprived

D.contrived

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。thrive“繁荣”；suspend“延缓，推迟”；deprive“使丧失，剥夺”；contrive“设计，发明”。句意：她说在医院接受的治疗完全剥夺了她的尊严。选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

Ourcountryhadmadegreateffortstopromotethefamily-planningpolicy,but（）thebirthrateisgettinghigherandhigher.

问题1选项

A.asitwere

B.asitis

C.asitwas

D.asisit

【答案】C

【解析】asitwere可以说是，似乎就是，好像；asitis实际上，事实上，既然如此；asitwas事实上，结果

却是；asisit搭配错误。句意：我国为推行计划生育政策做出了巨大的努力，但出生率却越来越高。根据句意可知，句子的时态应该为过去时所以选项C正确。

5.单选题

Hemadesome（

）sketcheswhichwouldserveasguideswhenhepaintedtheactualportrait.

问题1选项

A.primary

B.elementary

C.fundamental

D.preliminary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。primary意为“首要的，主要的，初级的，最初的”，指处于初级或低级状态；elementary意为“基本的”，指事物的初步或起始阶段，或指学习某一学科或接受教育等处于入门阶段或只是刚刚接触的基本知识或原理；fundamental意为“基础的，基本的，根本的”，指作为基础、根本的抽象的事物；preliminary意为“初步的，初级的”指在正式开始举某活动之前进行的“初步的、预备的”活动。由sketches（草图）可知选D。

句意：他画了一些初步的草图，作为他画肖像之前的指导。

6.单选题

Themostinterestingarchitecturalphenomenonofthe1970swastheenthusiasmforrefurbishingoldbuildings.Obviously,thiswasnotanentirelynewphenomenon.Whatisnewisthewholesaleinterestinreusingthepast,inrecyclinginadaptiverehabilitation.Afewtrialefforts,suchasGhirardellisquareinSanFrancisco,provedtheirfinancialviabilityin1960s,butitwasinthe1970s,withstronggovernmentsupportthroughtaxincentivesandrapiddepreciation.Aswellasgrowinginterestinecologyissues,thatrecyclingbecameamajorfactorontheurbanscene.

OneofthemostcomprehensiveventureswastherestorationandtransformationofBoston’seighteenthcenturyFaneuilHallandtheQuincyMarket,designedin1824.Thissectionhadfallenonhardtimes,butbeginningwiththeconstructionofanewcityhallimmediatelyadjacent,ithasreturnedtolifewiththeintelligentreuseofthesefineoldbuildingsunderthedesignleadershipofBenjaminThomson.Hehasprovidedamarveloussettingfordining,shopping,professionaloffices,andsimplywalking.

ButlerSquare,inMinneapolis,exemplifiesmajorchangesinitscomplexofoffices,commercialspace,andpublicamenitiescarvedoutofamassivepiledesignedin1906asahardwarewarehouse.Theexcitinginteriortimberstructureofthebuildingwashighlightedbycuttinglightcourtsthroughtheinteriorandaddinglargeskylights.

SanAntonio,Texas,offersanobjectlessonfornumerousothercitiescombatingurbandecay.Ratherthanbringinginthebulldozers,SanAntonio’sleadersrehabilitatedexistingstructures,whilesimultaneouslycleaninguptheSanAntonioRiver,whichmendersthroughthebusinessdistrict.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

2.WhatisthespaceatQuincyMarketnowusedfor?

3.Accordingtothepassage,BenjaminThomsonwasthedesignerforaprojectin______.

4.WhenwastheButlerSquarebuildingoriginallybuilt?

5.Whatistheauthor’sopinionoftheSanAntonioproject?

问题1选项

A.Duringthe1970s,oldbuildingsinmanycitieswererecycledformodernuse.

B.Recentinterestinecologyissueshasledtothecleaningupofmanyrivers.

C.TheSanAntonioexampleshowsthatbulldozersarenotthewaytofighturbandecay.

D.StronggovernmentsupporthasmadeadaptiverehabilitationarealityinBoston.

问题2选项

A.Boston’snewcityhall.

B.Sportsandrecreationalfacilities.

C.Commercialandindustrialwarehouses.

D.Restaurant,offices,andstores.

问题3选项

A.SanFrancisco

B.Boston

C.Minneapolis

D.SanAntonio

问题4选项

A.Intheeighteenthcentury.

B.Intheearlynineteenthcentury.

C.Inthelatenineteenthcentury.

D.Intheearlytwentiethcentury.

问题5选项

A.Itisclearlythebestoftheprojectsdiscussed.

B.Itisagoodprojectthatcouldbecopiedinothercities.

C.Theextensiveuseofbulldozersmadetheprojectunnecessarilycostly.

D.Theworkdoneontheriverwasmoreimportantthantheworkdoneonthebuildings.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开头提出了翻新旧建筑的现象，接着举了旧金山、波士顿、明尼阿波利斯市和圣安东尼奥市的例子，最后得出结论Ratherthanbringinginthebulldozers,SanAntonio’sleadersrehabilitatedexistingstructures（圣安东尼奥的领导人并没有动用推土机，而是修复了现有的建筑）。因此C选项“圣安东尼奥的例子表明，推土机不是解决城市废弃建筑的方法”正确。A选项“在20世纪70年代，许多城市的旧建筑被回收用于现代用途”只是文章中提到的一个现象，不能作为文章主题，所以A错误。B选项“最近对生态问题的关注导致了许多河流的清理”，这是修复工作的细节之一，不能概括文章主旨，所以B错误。D选项“政府的大力支持使适应性修复在波士顿成为现实”只是波士顿修复工作的细节之一，不能作为文章主题，所以D错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Hehasprovidedamarveloussettingfordining,shopping,professionaloffices,andsimplywalking.（他为就餐、购物、专业办公室和步行提供了一个极好的环境。），说明昆西市场现在被用作餐厅、办公室和商店。因此D选项“餐厅、办公室和商店”正确。A选项“波士顿的新市政厅”，B选项“体育和娱乐设施”，C选项“商业和工业仓库”均不符合文章内容，所以A,B,C错误。

3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句OneofthemostcomprehensiveventureswastherestorationandtransformationofBoston’seighteenthcenturyFaneuilHallandtheQuincyMarket,designedin1824…ithasreturnedtolifewiththeintelligentreuseofthesefineoldbuildingsunderthedesignleadershipofBenjaminThomson.（其中最全面的项目之一是1824年设计的波士顿18世纪法尼尔大厅和昆西市场的修复和改造……在本杰明•汤姆森的设计领导下，这些优秀的老建筑通过智能再利用而恢复了生机。），说明本杰明•汤姆森设计的项目位于波士顿。因此B选项“波士顿”正确。A选项“旧金山”，C选项“明尼阿波利斯”，D选项“圣安东尼奥”均不符合文章内容，所以A,C,D错误。

4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一句ButlerSquare,inMinneapolis,exemplifiesmajorchangesinitscomplexofoffices,commercialspace,andpublicamenitiescarvedoutofamassivepiledesignedin1906asahardwarewarehouse.（明尼阿波利斯市的巴特勒广场体现了其复杂的办公空间、商业空间和公共设施的重大变化，它是在1906年设计成一个硬件仓库的一大堆建筑中改造出来的。），说明巴特勒广场的建筑最初是在1906年设计的，1906年是在20世纪初期。因此D选项“二十世纪初”正确。A选项“十八世纪”，B选项“十九世纪初”，C选项“十九世纪末”均不符合文章内容，所以A,B,C错误。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句SanAntonio,Texas,offersanobjectlessonfornumerousothercitiescombatingurbandecay.（德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥市为许多其他城市与城市废弃建筑作斗争提供了实物教训。），说明圣安东尼奥市项目可以作为典范为其他城市所效仿。因此B选项“这是一个可以在其他城市复制的好项目”正确。A选项“它显然是所讨论的项目中最好的一个”，C选项“推土机的大量使用使得这项工程成本很高”，D选项“在河流上所做的工作比在建筑物上所做的工作更重要”在文中均没有提及，所以A,C,D错误。

7.单选题

toacclaimAasX:topraiseApubliclyandenthusiasticallyasX.

ananatomist:amedicalscientistwhocutsopendeadbodiestostudythemtocommissionX:toorderX(tobemadeorobtained)acorpse:adeadbodytodisinter:tounburygynecology:themedicalfielddealingwithwomen’sdiseasesahenchman:asupporterorassistantwillingtouseviolenceorcriminalmeansleukemia:bloodcancerlucrativeprofitableamidwife:apersontrainedtohelpwomengivebirth

obese:veryfatobstetrics:themedicalfieldthatdealswithpregnancyandthedeliveryofbabiespajamas:lightclothesforsleepinginapar:alevelapoorhouse:(historical)apublicshelterinwhichjoblesspoorpeoplewerefedinexchangeforworkapractitioner:someoneworksactivelyin(aprofession)proximity:nearnessaserialkiller:someonewhomurderanumberofpeopleinseparateincidentsSherlockHolmes:themostfamousdetectiveinEnglishliteratureaspree:aperiodofwildactivityunsavoury:dishonest,untrustworthyandprobablyinvolvedincrime

1.WilliamhunterandWilliamSmelliecommissionedaregularsupplyofcorpsessotheycouldstudythephysicaleffectsofpregnancy,arguesrespectedhistorianDonShelton.Thesemenaregiantsofmedicine,pioneersofthecarethatwomenreceiveduringchildbirthandwerethefoundingfathersofobstetrics.ThenamesofWilliamhunterandWilliamSmelliestillinspirerespectamongtoday’sdoctors,morethan250yearsaftertheymadetheircontributionstohealthcare,Suchweretheduo’sreputationsasoutstandingphysicianstheclientelesoftheirprivatepracticesincludedtherichandfamousofmid-18th-centruyLondon.

2.Butweretheyalsoserialkillers?NewresearchpublishedintheJOURNALOFTHERoyalSocietyofMedicine(JRSM)claimsthattheywere.Adetailedhistoricalstudyaccusesthedoctorsofarrangingforthekillingofdozensofwomen,manyinthelaterstagesofpregnancy,todissecttheircorpses.“SmellieandHunterwereresponsibleforaseriesof18th^-century‘burking’murdersofpregnantwomen,withadeathtotalgreaterthanthecombinedmurderscommittedbyBurkeandHareandJacktheRipper”writesShelton.(“Burking”involvedmurderingpeopletoorder,usuallyformedicalresearch;toavoidtroublewiththelaw,itwasimportanttokillthevictimsinsuchawaythattheyseemedtohavediedofnaturalcauses.Theverb“toburke”isderivedfromthenameofWilliamBurke,anIrishmanconvictedinEndinburghin1829ofkillingpeoplesohecouldselltheirbodiesformedicalexperiments.)

3.AccordingtoShelton,HunterandSmelliewerebetweenthemresponsibleforthemurdersof-40pregnantwomenandtheirunbornchildren.Actingseparately,andusinghenchmentodeliver.Theirsupply,theyorganizedakillingspreeinLondonbetween1749and1755and,afteraperiodofinactivityenforcedbymountingsuspicionaboutthesourceofheircorpses,resumedbetween1764and1774.Motivatedbyego,personalrivalryandashareddesiretobenefitfrombeingacclaimedastheforemostchildbirthdoctorsoftheirtime,HunterandSmelliesacrificedlifeafterlifeintheirqueststostudypregnancy’sphysicaleffectsandtodevelopnewtechniques,theauthorsays.“Althoughitsoundsabsolutelyincredible,thecircumstantialliteraryevidencesuggeststheyweremostlikelycompetingwitheachotherinexperimentingwithsecretcaesareansectionsonconscious,orfreshlymurdered,victims,withaviewtoextractingandrevivingthebabies,”SheltontoldtheObserver.”

4.Sheltonexaminedthemen’sanatomicalatlases,containingdetailedimagesof

pregnantwomenwhohadbeenopenedup,andmedicalliteratureandthecausesofdeathinLondonatthetime.Glasgow’sHunterianmuseumandgalleryisnamedafterScottish-bornHunter,whoin1762becamephysiciantoQueenCharlotte,wifeofGeorgeIII,HehelpedhertodeliverthefuturekingGeorgeIV,Smellie,afellowScot,isnolessdistinguished,FromWitchcrafttoWisdom,atextbookonthehistoryofobstetricandgynaecologicalmedicine,hailshimas“thegreatestobstetricianinthehistoryofBritishobstetrics”.Hehasalsobeencalled“thefatherofBritishmidwifery”.

5.Shelton,though,regardstheduoasonaparwithBurkeandHare,whomurdered17citizensofEdinburghin1827and1828,sellingtheirremainstoalocalanatomist,TheLondonofHunterandSmellie’stimewasunhealthyandsemi-anarchic,andearlydeathfromdiseasewaswidespread,aswasgraverobbing.InhisJRSMpaper,Sheltonclaimstoprovethattherivaldoctorscouldnothaveobtainedtheirsupplyofcorpsesbyanyothermeansthanmurder.ItwasrareforMothers-to-betodieorbemurderedsoonbeforetheywereduetogivebirth,saysthehistorian,Peoplefrompoorhouseswhodiedwereusuallyold,unwellorchildren,Thusthegraverobbersofthetimecouldnothavefulfilledtheobstetricians’needforsuchaspecifictypeoffemale,ConcludesShelton.

6.Eachusedanassistanttocommissionkillers,hesays,namingDrColinMackenzieasSmellie’saccompliceandJohnHunter-William’sbrother,whowasacelebratedanatomist—ashishelper.Youngwomenfromthecountrysidewereapparentlyfavouritetargetsinacitywhereplentyofpeople“disappeared”.“Thereisgreatsuspicionabouttheabundanceofundeliveredninth—monthcorpsesprocured,dissectedanddepictedintheanatomicalatlasesofSmellieandHunter,”writesShelton.“Theimpossibilityofsupplyfromrandomresurrections,takenwithacarefulanalysisofevents,andof18dl-centurymedicalliterature,showscompellingevidenceforburking,”By1755rumourswerecirculatingthatthewomeninSmellie’sjournalhadbeenmurdered,andassociatesbeganpressinghimontheirorigins.“AsaresultSmellieandHunterbothhaltedtheirresearch,bothpresumablyfearingtrialandexecution,”althoughHunter—whousedhislinkstopowerfulfamiliestoensurenoinvestigationwaseverundertaken—resumedorderingmurders,aboutonceayear,in1764,Sheltonadds.

7.AnthonyKenny,agynaecologistinLondonfor40yearsuntilhisretirementin2007,said:“Thesetwoguysaremyheroes.Theideathattheycouldhavebeeninvolvedinthemurderofsubjectsisabsolutelystaggering.”KennyisnowthecuratorofthemuseumoftheRoyalCollegeofObstetriciansandGynaecologists.“Theywerethefirstproperobstetriciansinthecountrybecauseoftheirpioneeringworkpracticingwhatwasthenstillanewbranchofmedicine.”WhileKennydescribesShelton’spaperas“extremelyimpressive”initsresearch,hecannotbelievethathisheroeswereguiltyofsuchterriblecrimes.Thetradeincorpseswasverylucrativeandprobablyattractedunsavoury,unscrupulouscharacters,hepointedout.”Anditcouldbethattheydidn’tmakeproperinquiriesastotheoriginsofthebodies,andsomaynothaveknownthatthewomenweremurdered.

8.LudmillaJordanova,aprofessorofmodemhistoryatKing’sCollegeLondonwhospecializesinthehistoryofmedicine,saysShelton’sassertionthatHunterandSmelliecouldnothavecomeacrosssomanydeadpregnantwomenfromanyothersourceas“astrikingclaim,importantresearch...isrevealingthecomplexitiesofanatomicalactivitiesin18th—centuryLondon.Thisisanexcitingandcontroversialareaofhistoricalinvestigation.”WhileSheltonacknowledgesthattheideaofpioneeringmedicalresearchersresortingtoburkingisshocking.HelikestoquoteSherlockHolmes,“Whenyouhaveeliminatedtheimpossible,whateverremains,howeverimprobable,isthetruth.”

1.Accordingtotheinformationinparagraph2,WilliamBurke（

）

2.AccordingtoDonShelton,pregnantwomenin18thcenturyLondon（

）,

3.ThestrongestsupportforShelton’sthesiscomesfrom（

）.

4.Inparagraph6,thewordapparentlymeans（

）.

5.WhatSheltonwritesaboutthepioneeringgynecologistsHunterand

Smellie（

）.

问题1选项

A.wasahenchmanofHunterandSmellie

B.gavehisnametothepracticeofkillingpeoplewithoutleavinganysignsofmurder

C.isbelievedtohavekilledpeopleforhisownmedicalresearch

D.mademoneybykillingpeopletoprovidebodiesformedicalresearch

问题2选项

A.Generallywerenotverylikelytodieinthelastmonthofpregnancy

B.Seldomdiedsoonaftergivingbirth

C.wereaverysmallpartoftheoverallurbanpopulation

D.werequitenumerousinitsmanypoorhouses

问题3选项

A.thetestimonyofcontemporaryeyewitnesses

B.statisticsandprobability

C.policerecordsofthetime

D.literaryreportsoftheabundantviolenceandcrimein18thcenturyLondon

问题4选项

A.itisobviousthat

B.thereisnodoubtthat

C.itappearsthat

D.somepeopleassertthat

问题5选项

A.seemsquitepersuasivetoAnthonyKenny

B.appallsandhorrifiesAnthonyKenny

C.clearsthem,inAnthonyKenny’sopinion,ofanyguiltorblame.

D.SeemscompletelygroundlesstoAnthonyKenny

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段对WilliamBurke进行了解释:anIrishmanconvictedinEndinburghin1829ofkillingpeoplesohecouldselltheirbodiesformedicalexperiments(爱尔兰人,1829年在恩丁堡被判杀人罪--出售尸体进行医学实验)。故选D。

2.细节事实题。第五段指出:ItwasrareforMothers-to-betodieorbemurderedsoonbeforetheywereduetogivebirth,saysthehistorian,Peoplefrompoorhouseswhodiedwereusuallyold,unwellorchildren(这位历史学家说，母亲在临产前不久死亡或被谋杀是很罕见的，来自贫民区的人通常都是老人、不舒服或孩子)。故选A。

3.推理判断题。文章多出提到Shelton’s的理论来源。第二段提到JOURNALOFTHERoyalSocietyofMedicine(皇家医学会杂志),后面又提到medicalliterature(医学文献)。故选D:18世纪伦敦大量暴力和犯罪的文学报道。

4.词义题。此处句意为:在一个很多人都“消失”了的城市里，来自农村的年轻妇女显然是最受欢迎的目标。

5.推理判断题。第七段:Theideathattheycouldhavebeeninvolvedinthemurderofsubjectsisabsolutelystaggering(他们可能参与了谋杀目标的说法绝对令人震惊),后面也表达了他们难以置信的态度。故选B。

8.单选题

Theadvertisingindustryhasresortedtoself-regulationinaseriousefforttocurtailnotonlybadtastebutalsomisrepresentationanddeceptionincopyandillustrations.

问题1选项

A.avert

B.deny

C.exclude

D.reduce

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意:广告业通过加强自律努力清除印刷制品与各类插图中的低俗内容、失实报道与欺骗信息。

avert:避免，防止。deny:否认，拒绝。reduce:减少，降低，缩小。curtail:缩减，缩短。故D项与题意一致。

9.不定项选择题

Whilehurricanesareblamedforproducingtornadosandcausingwidespreaddestruction,theyhaveanotherdevastating,yetlesser-knowneffect:spreadinginvasivespeciestonewhabitats.

WhenHurricaneIsaiasslammedintotheCaribbeanandeasternU.S.thissummer,risingwaterlevelsallowedatleast114non-nativeaquatic(水生的)speciestoridefromonewatershedtothenext.Since2017,thescientistshavecombinedflooddataandinvasivespeciessightingstomaphowtheseanimalsdispersefollowingAtlanticOceanhurricanes,aswellasstudywhatmakessomespeciesmorelikelytobenefitfromthestormsthanothers.

Taketheapplesnail,apopularaquaticinsectamongaquariumownersforexample.NativetoSouthAmerica,thesix-inchspeciesfirstcametoAmericaviatheaquariumtrade,andithassincebecomeadestructivepestinricefieldsandotheraquaticcroplands.Applesnails“actuallytakeairintotheirshellandfloatalongthewater,”saysWesleyDaniel,afisherybiologistwiththeWetlandandAquaticResearchCenterinFlorida,wherethetropicalclimatehasmadeitahotspotforinvasivespecies.“We’veseenthemspreadinnumeroushurricaneslikethis.”

SinceapplesnailswerealreadyestablishedinmanycoastalfreshwaterecosystemsthroughoutthesoutheasternU.S.,it’slikelythattherecentactivehurricaneseasonhaspushedthemfartherinland.Notonlyhavehurricanesandtropicalstormsformedfarearlierthisyearthanusual,10havemadelandfallonthemainlandU.S.breakingarecordsetin1916.

Before2017,fewscientistshadinvestigatedtheroleofhurricanesinthespreadofinvasivespecies,whichasawholecosttheU.S.economyatleast$120billionayear.Butashurricanesareprojectedtobecomebothmorefrequentandintenseduetoclimatechange,thepotentialfornon-nativestofurtherdegradeecosystemsisahugeconcern.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtheconsequenceofhurricanes?

2.Whatisoneoftheresearchproblemsofscientistssince2017?

3.HowdidapplesnailsfirstarriveinAmerica?

4.Before2017,thehurricane-broughtinvasivespecies____.

问题1选项

A.Changingoftherivercourse.

B.Invasionofforeigncreatures.

C.Massivedestruction.

D.Setting-offofstorms.

问题2选项

A.Howtointegratethedataoffoodandinvadingspecies.

B.Howtotrackthenon-nativeanimalspecies.

C.Whatsystembestmapstherouteofthespecies’invasion.

D.Whysomeinvasivespeciestakemoreadvantageofthestorm.

问题3选项

A.Theywerebroughtinbytheearlytropicalstorm.

B.Theywereimportedascommodities.

C.TheywereoriginatedintheinlandwatersofAmerica.

D.Theyswamacrosstheoceansandseasfromcoasttocoast.

问题4选项

A.reproducedandoccupiedthewetlandsofU.S.

B.tookthehabitatsawayfromthelocalspecies

C.resultedinhugefinanciallossannuallyinU.S.

D.cleanedthesiltintheinlandwaterwaysinU.S.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】1.【选项释义】

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtheconsequenceofhurricanes?下列哪个陈述不是飓风的后果？

A.Changingoftherivercourse.A.改变河道。

B.Invasionofforeigncreatures.B.外来生物的入侵。

C.Massivedestruction.C.大规模破坏。

D.Setting-offofstorms.D.引发风暴。

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词theconsequenceofhurricanes定位到原文第一段。本段提到“虽然飓风被认为是造成龙卷风（producingtornados）和大范围破坏的罪魁祸首（causingwidespreaddestruction），但它们还有另一个破坏性的、鲜为人知的影响：将入侵物种传播到新的栖息地（spreadinginvasivespeciestonewhabitats）。”由此可知，原文提到的飓风的后果有：造成龙卷风和大范围破坏、导致外来物种入侵，而A选项“改变河道”并未提及，符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“外来生物的入侵”，是原文提到的飓风的后果，该选项属于反向干扰；

C选项“大规模破坏”，是原文提到的飓风的后果，该选项属于反向干扰；

D选项“引发风暴”，是原文提到的飓风的后果，该选项属于反向干扰。

2.【选项释义】

Whatisoneoftheresearchproblemsofscientistssince2017?2017年以来，科学家的研究问题之一是？

A.Howtointegratethedataoffoodandinvadingspecies.A.如何整合食物和入侵物种的数据。

B.Howtotrackthenon-nativeanimalspecies.B.如何追踪非本地动物物种。

C.Whatsystembestmapstherouteofthespecies’invasion.C.什么体系能最好地绘制出物种入侵的路径。

D.Whysomeinvasivespeciestakemoreadvantageofthestorm.D.为什么一些入侵物种更能利用这场风暴。

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词researchproblems和since2017定位到原文第二段。本段第二句提到“自2017年以来，科学家们结合洪水数据和关于入侵物种的发现（havecombinedflooddataandinvasivespeciessightings），绘制了这些动物在大西洋飓风后分散的路线（tomaphowtheseanimalsdispersefollowingAtlanticOceanhurricanes），并研究了是什么让一些物种比其他物种更有可能从风暴中受益（studywhatmakessomespeciesmorelikelytobenefitfromthestormsthanothers）。”由此可知，科学家的研究问题有两个，一个是“入侵动物在飓风后是如何分散的”，一个是“为什么一些物种比其他物种更有可能从风暴中受益”。因此，D选项“为什么一些入侵物种更能利用这场风暴”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“如何整合食物（food）和入侵物种的数据”，首先，原文提到的是flood而不是food，其次，“结合洪水数据和关于入侵物种的发现”是科学家研究问题的方式，而不是问题本身，该选项属于曲解原文；

B选项“如何追踪非本地动物物种”，原文提到科学家是通过“结合洪水数据和关于入侵物种的发现”进行追踪的，该选项表达的并不是科学家的研究问题，问题应该是“追踪，即非本地物种是如何分散的”，该选项属于曲解原文；

C选项“什么体系能最好地绘制出物种入侵的路径”，原文提到科学家是通过“结合洪水数据和关于入侵物种的发现”来绘制入侵物种的分散路径的，该选项表达的并不是科学家的研究问题，属于曲解原文。

3.【选项释义】

HowdidapplesnailsfirstarriveinAmerica?“苹果蜗牛”最初是怎样进入美国的？

A.Theywerebroughtinbytheearlytropicalstorm.A.它们是被早期的热带风暴带来的。

B.Theywereimportedascommodities.B.它们是作为商品进口的。

C.TheywereoriginatedintheinlandwatersofAmerica.C.它们源于美国的内陆水域。

D.Theyswamacrosstheoceansandseasfromcoasttocoast.D.它们是从一个海岸游到另一个海岸的。

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词applesnailsfirstarriveinAmerica定位到原文第三段第二句，该句提到“这个物种（指上一句提到的苹果蜗牛）原产于南美洲（NativetoSouthAmerica），最初是通过水族馆贸易（viatheaquariumtrade）来到美国的”，由此可知，苹果蜗牛最开始是作为水族馆的观赏物种被卖到美国的，因此B选项“它们是作为商品进口的”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“它们是被早期的热带风暴带来的”，可定位到原文第四段第一句，该句提到“由于苹果蜗牛已经在美国东南部的许多沿海淡水生态系统中生长，很可能最近活跃的飓风季节把它们推向了更远的内陆（haspushedthemfartherinland）。”由此可知，热带风暴可能是该物种从沿海到内陆的原因，而不是该物种最初进入美国的原因，该选项属于张冠李戴；

C选项“它们源于美国的内陆水域”，原文提到该物种原产于南美洲，而非美国，原文SouthAmerica指的是南美洲，而不是“美国南部”，“原产于美国南部，最初是通过水族馆贸易来到美国的”语义逻辑不通，该选项属于偷换概念；

D选项“它们是从一个海岸游到另一个海岸的”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

Before2017,thehurricane-broughtinvasivespecies____.2017年之前，飓风带来的入侵物种____。

A.reproducedandoccupiedthewetlandsofU.S.A.繁衍并占据了美国的湿地

B.tookthehabitatsawayfromthelocalspeciesB.夺走了当地物种的栖息地

C.resultedinhugefinanciallossannuallyinU.S.C.每年给美国造成巨大的经济损失

D.cleanedthesiltintheinlandwaterwaysinU.S.D.清理了美国内陆水道中的淤泥

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词Before2017定位到原文最后一段。该段第一句提到“2017年之前，几乎没有科学家调查过飓风在入侵物种传播中的作用，这一行为每年给美国经济造成至少1200亿美元的损失（costtheU.S.economyatleast$120billionayear）。”由此可知，2017年以前，飓风带来的入侵物种，使美国经济遭受巨大的损失，C选项“每年给美国造成巨大的经济损失”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“繁衍并占据了美国的湿地”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；

B选项“夺走了当地物种的栖息地”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“清理了美国内陆水道中的淤泥”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有。

10.单选题

ResalepriceMaintenanceisthenameusedwhenaretaileriscompelledtosellatapricefixedbythemanufacturerinsteadofchoosingforhimselfhowmuchtoaddontothewholesalepricehepaysforhissupplies.Thispracticeisassociatedwiththesaleof“branded”goods,whichnowformaveryconsiderableproportionofconsumers’purchases,andithasledtoagreatdealofcontroversy.

Generallysucharticlesarepackedandadvertisedbythemanufacturers,whotrytocreateaspecial“image”inthemindsofpossiblepurchasers—animagemadeupofdielookofthearticle,itsuse,itspriceandeverythingelsewhichmightleadpurchaserstoaskforthatbrandratherthananyother.Ifaretailerisallowedtochoiceanypricehelikeshemayfinditworthwhiletosellonebrandat“cut”priceseventhoughthisinvolvesaloss,becausehehopestoattractcustomerstothe