考研考博-英语-曲靖职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-曲靖职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxurygoodsandservicesthattookplacein18th-centuryEngland.McKendrickhasexploredtheWedgwoodfirm'sremarkablesuccessinmarketingluxurypottery;Plumbhaswrittenabouttheproliferationofprovincialtheaters,musicalfestivals,andchildren'stoysandbooks.Whilethefactofthisconsumerrevolutionishardlyindoubt,threekeyquestionsremain:Whoweretheconsumers?Whatweretheirmotives?Andwhatweretheeffectsofthenewdemandforluxuries?

Ananswertothefirstofthesehasbeendifficulttoobtain.Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturesandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.Westillneedtoknowhowlargethisconsumermarketwasandhowfardownthesocialscaletheconsumerdemandforluxurygoodspenetrated.Withregardtothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageof18th-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral;forexample,laboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandreadilyshiftedfromhome-brewedbeertostandardizedbeerproducedbyhuge,heavilycapitalizedurbanbreweries.

Toanswerthequestionofwhyconsumersbecamesoeagertobuy,somehistorianshavepointedtotheabilityofmanufacturerstoadvertiseinarelativelyuncensoredpress.This,however,hardlyseemsasufficientanswer.McKendrickfavorsaVeblenmodelofconspicuousconsumptionstimulatedbycompetitionforstatus.The"middlingsort"boughtgoodsandservicesbecausetheywantedtofollowfashionssetbytherich.Again,wemaywonderwhetherthisexplanationissufficient.Donotpeopleenjoybuyingthingsasaformofself-gratification?Ifso,consumerismcouldbeseenasaproductoftheriseofnewconceptsofindividualismandmaterialism(apreoccupationwithorstressuponmaterialratherthanintellectualorspiritualthings),butnotnecessarilyofthefrenzyforconspicuouscompetition.

Finally,whatweretheconsequencesofthisconsumerdemandforluxuries?McKendrickclaimsthatitgoesalongwaytowardexplainingthecoiningoftheIndustrialRevolution.Butdoesit?What,forexample,doestheproductionofhigh-qualitypotteryandtoyshavetodowiththedevelopmentofironmanufactureortextilemills?Itisperfectlypossibletohavethepsychologyandrealityofaconsumersocietywithoutaheavyindustrialsector.

Thatfutureexplorationofthesekeyquestionsisundoubtedlynecessaryshouldnot,however,diminishtheforceoftheconclusionofrecentstudies:theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthormentionsMcKendrickandPlumbmostprobablyinorderto（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingitems,ifpreservedfrom18th-centuryEngland,wouldprovideanexampleofthekindofdocumentsmentionedinlines3-4,Paragraph2?

3.Accordingtothetext,Thompsonattributestolaboringpeoplein18th-centuryEnglandwhichofthefollowingattitudestowardcapitalistconsumerism?

4.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

5.Accordingtothetext,18th-centuryEnglandandthecontemporaryworldofthetextreadersare（）.

问题1选项

A.contrasttheirviewsonthesubjectofluxuryconsumerismin18th-centuryEngland

B.indicatetheinadequacyofhistoriographicalapproachesto18th-centuryEnglishhistory

C.giveexamplesofhistorianswhohavehelpedtoestablishthefactofgrowingconsumerismin18th-centuryEngland

D.supportthecontentionthatkeyquestionsabout18th-centuryconsumerismremaintobeanswered

问题2选项

A.Awrittenagreementbetweenasupplierofrawmaterialsandasupplierofluxurygoods.

B.Adiarythatmentionsluxurygoodsandservicespurchasedbyitsauthor.

C.Atheaterticketstampedwiththedateandnameofaparticularplay.

D.Apayrollrecordfromacompanythatproducedluxurygoodssuchaspottery.

问题3选项

A.Enthusiasm.

B.Curiosity.

C.Ambivalence.

D.Hostility.

问题4选项

A.contrastingtwothesesandofferingacompromise

B.questioningtwoexplanationsandproposingapossiblealternativetothem

C.paraphrasingtheworkoftwohistoriansandquestioningtheirassumptions

D.examiningtwotheoriesandendorsingoneovertheother

问题5选项

A.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxuryconsumerismcouldbesaidtobewidespreadamongthesocialclasses

B.dissimilarintheirdefinitionsofluxurygoodsandservices

C.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxurygoodscouldbesaidtobestimulantofindustrialdevelopment

D.similarintheirstrongdemandforavarietyofgoodsandservices

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:信息推断题。根据第一段的内容可知第一句为本段的中心句。作者列举McKendrick和Plumb是为了说明他们做了相关的研究发现了人们对奢侈商品和服务需求的增加。所以选项C正确。

第2题:细节推断题。根据第二段的第二句“onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.”只有实际消费者写的相关私人资料才能让人精确掌握"他想要什么"。选项B符合原文。

第3题:信息推断题。根据关键词“Thompson”定位在第二段的后半部分“...,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral.”Thompson可能夸大了劳动人民对资本主义消费方式的抵抗情绪。所以选项D敌对的，符合原文。

第4题:信息归纳题。根据第三段的内容可知，本段主要就“消费者为什么变得那么急于购物”的原因展开，作者提到两个原因但给出了自己的质疑，随后给出自己的见解，即作者认为人们喜爱购物是一种自我满足的形式。所以选项B正确。

第5题:信息推断题。题干中的"thecontemporaryworld"与最后一段中的"ourownworld"同义。所以根据最后一段的最后一句“theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.”18世纪英国对那些有用的琐碎商品及服务的不知足预示了我们目前这个世界的特征。所以选项D共同点在于他们对不同商品的强烈追求，符合原文。

2.单选题

Thecourtconsidersafinancial____tobeanappropriatewayofpunishinghim.

问题1选项

A.payment

B.obligation

C.option

D.penalty

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析与上下文语义。A选项payment“应付的款项总额”；B选项obligation“义务；责任”；C选项option“选择；选择权”；D选项penalty“罚款；罚金”。句意：法院认为财务____是惩罚他的合适方法。根据“惩罚”推断D选项“罚款”最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

3.单选题

Theearlyuseofa[A]completesteelframefortoweringbuildings[B]appearedinthe[C]firstskyscraper,[D]builtonChicagoin1883.

问题1选项

A.complete

B.appeared

C.firstskyscraper

D.builton

【答案】D

【解析】【答案】D

【考查点】介词的用法。

【解题思路】表达在某个城市时，应选用介词in。因此应将D选项改为builtin。

【句意】1883年在芝加哥建造的第一座摩天大楼就使用了完整钢框架。

4.单选题

Asthepost-EnronwaveofcorporatescandalswashedoverAmericalastyear,acommonresponseinEuropewas:itcouldn’thappenhere.Farfromhavingtheworld’sbest-policedmarkets,theUnitedStates,manyEuropeanpoliticiansclaimed,suffereduniquelyfromalethalcombinationofgreedyandoverpaidbosses:conflictedauditorsandinvestmentbankers,relianceonaccountingrulesnotprinciples,andanobsessionwithquarterlyprofitnumbers.InAmerica,asmanyas1,200companieshavebeenforcedtorestatetheiraccountsinthepastfiveyears,inEuropethenumberisbarelyindoubledigits.Soitisoutrageous,manyEuropeansnowargue,thatAmericaisseekingtoimposetheunwieldySarbanes-Oxleyact,passedinthewakeofEnron,onEuropeancompanieslistedinNewYork.

AsmoresensibleEuropeanregulatorsrecognize,thissmugnesswasneverjustified;itisonlynecessarytorecallscandalssuchasVivendiandElan.ButEurope’sclaimofimmunityfromcorporateslacknesshasnowbeenblownoutofthewaterbythisweek’srevelationsthatRoyalAholdoftheNetherlandsoverstateditsprofitsfor200-02byasmuchas$500m.Thecompany’sAmsterdam-basedauditors,Deloitte&Touche,failedtopicktheproblemsupin2001,eventhoughworriesaboutAhold’saccountswerewidelyexpressedinthemarketsformostoflastyear.TheDutchmarketregulatoradmittedthisweekthatithadnopowersofdisciplineoverfaultyauditing.

Whatabouttherelativenumbersofrestatements?BecauseAmerica’sGAAPaccountingsystemreliesonthousandsofpagesofrules,itismorevulnerabletomanipulationthanEurope’smoreprinciples-basedapproach.Butgiventhelargelynon-existentregulationofauditorsandthepoorcorporategovernanceprevalentinmuchofEurope:amoreplausibleconclusionisthatEuropehashadfeweraccountingscandalsthanAmericamainlybecausenobodyhasseriouslylookedforthem,notbecausetheyarenotthere.

ThisisnottosaythatEuropeshouldadoptSarbanes-Oxleyintoto.ThathastilydraftedlawwasdesignedforAmerica’sverydifferentsystem.Manyofthelaw’srulesonmanagersandboardsseemundulyintrusiveevenforAmerica.Butstatutoryindependentregulationofauditors,asprescribedbySarbanes-Oxley,makessenseeverywhere.Sodorulestostopaccountingfirmsdoingconsultingworkforauditclients:anditisalsoworthconsideringmandatoryrotationofauditors.

ThecaseforindependentregulationisthestrongerbecauseEuropeanUnioncompaniesareduetoadoptinternationalaccountingstandardsby2005.Itislittleusetakingthiswelcomesteptowardstougherstandards,whichtheEuropeansareurgingonAmericaintheinterestsofglobalharmonization,ifthereisnobodytooverseetherules.YettheEuropeanFederationofAccountantsadmitsthat,insixEUcountries,thereisineffectnoenforcementatall.

21.Whichoffollowingit’strueaccordingtoParagraph1?

22.Thephrase“intoto”inParagraph4mostprobablymeans（）.

23.IncontrasttoAmerican,Europe,incopingwithfaultycorporateauditing,wouldattachimportanceto（）.

24.Itseemthattheultimatesolutiontotheproblemofcorporatescandalsliesin（）.

25.Accordingtotheauthor,theEuropeancorporatesituationis（）.

问题1选项

A.ManyEuropeanpoliticianswouldboastofimmunityfromAmerica’scorporateills.

B.Manycompaniessufferedfromtheirabsoluterelianceuponaccountingrules.

C.ManyEuropeansprotestedagainstAmerica’sprinciplesimposeduponEuropeanfirms.

D.ManyEuropeanregulatorsrespondedsensiblytothewaveofcorporatescandals.

问题2选项

A.baseduponsensibility

B.followinginahaste

C.givenadifferencesystem

D.actinginasimilarfashion

问题3选项

A.ruleenforcement

B.reliableprinciples

C.justifiedprescription

D.frequentrestatements

问题4选项

A.theinterestsofglobalharmonization

B.theindependentregulationofauditors

C.theadoptionoftougherstandards

D.thesupervisionofconsultingwork

问题5选项

A.fairlyoptimistic

B.quitepromising

C.somewhatdepressing

D.veryastonishing

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】21.推理判断题。定位在首句Asthepost-EnronwaveofcorporatescandalswashedoverAmericalastyear,acommonresponseinEuropewas:itcouldn’thappenhere.（关于去年安然公司的丑闻，欧洲人的共同反应是：这种情况不可能在欧洲发生。）以及原文中的举例InAmerica,asmanyas1,200companieshavebeenforcedtorestatetheiraccountsinthepastfiveyears,inEuropethenumberisbarelyindoubledigits.（在美国，在过去的五年里，有1200家公司被迫重述他们的账目，而在欧洲，这个数字仅仅是两位数。）由此可以推论欧洲人都对自己国家很有信心。所以A选项“许多欧洲政客会吹嘘可以免疫美国企业的弊病”正确。B选项“许多公司因完全依赖会计准则而蒙受损失”说法过于绝对，错误，C选项“许多欧洲人抗议美国强加给欧洲公司的原则”，由C选项可以定位到第一段的最后一句Soitisoutrageous,manyEuropeansnowargue,thatAmericaisseekingtoimposetheunwieldySarbanes-Oxleyact,passedinthewakeofEnron,onEuropeancompanieslistedinNewYork.（因此，许多欧洲人现在认为，美国正试图把安然事件后通过的繁琐的萨班斯-奥克斯利法案强加给在纽约上市的欧洲公司，这是令人气愤的。）可知这只是一个想法，并未落实。因此C项不符合原文，错误。D选项“许多欧洲监管机构对公司丑闻浪潮做出了明智的反应”，根据原文acommonresponseinEuropewas:itcouldn’thappenhere.（欧洲人的共同反应是：这种情况不可能在欧洲发生。）可知欧洲人是有些太过肯定与自信的，不符合明智的这一说法，所以D错误。故选A。

22.词义推测题。A选项“基于感性”，B选项“急忙仿效”，C选项“给出一个不同的系统”，D选项“以类似的方式行动的”。定位到原文ThisisnottosaythatEuropeshouldadoptSarbanes-Oxleyintoto.（这并不是说欧洲就应该……采取萨班斯-奥克斯利法案。），后一句ThathastilydraftedlawwasdesignedforAmerica’sverydifferentsystem.（这份匆忙起草的法律是为美国非常不同的体系设计的。）由此可知，作者认为这项法案只适用于美国，对欧洲而言，是不需要和美国一样采取这项法案的。因此D选项符合题意。故选D。

23.客观细节题。定位到原文BecauseAmerica’sGAAPaccountingsystemreliesonthousandsofpagesofrules,itismorevulnerabletomanipulationthanEurope’smoreprinciples-basedapproach.（因为美国的GAAP会计体系依赖于数千页的规则，它比欧洲的更基于原则的方法更容易被操纵。）由此可知，欧洲相比于规则而言，更倾向于基于原则的方式。A选项“规则的执行”，由关键句可知，美国才是更注重规则的执行的，偷换主语，错误。B选项“可靠的原则”符合题意，正确。C选项“合理的处方”，D选项“频繁的重述”，C，D选项在文中并未涉及，可排除。故选B。

24.推理判断题。根据原文Butstatutoryindependentregulationofauditors,asprescribedbySarbanes-Oxley,makessenseeverywhere.（但是，《萨班斯-奥克斯利法》规定的对审计师的法定独立监管，在任何地方都是行得通的。）而且定位在最后一段的首句ThecaseforindependentregulationisthestrongerbecauseEuropeanUnioncompaniesareduetoadoptinternationalaccountingstandardsby2005.（独立监管的情况更强大，因为欧盟公司将于2005年采用国际会计准则。）由此可推出解决公司丑闻问题的最终办法是对审计师的法定独立监管。所以B选项“对审计师的独立监管”正确。A选项“全球和谐的利益”在文中只是小部分陈述，与题意无关，可排除。C选项“采用更严格的标准”，根据原文Itislittleusetakingthiswelcomesteptowardstougherstandards,whichtheEuropeansareurgingonAmericaintheinterestsofglobalharmonization,ifthereisnobodytooverseetherules.（如果没有人来监督这些规则，朝着更严格的标准迈出这受欢迎的一步是没有用的，欧洲为了全球协调的利益正敦促美国这样做。）可知更严格的标准在无人监督的情况下，也是无效的。因此可排除C选项。D选项“咨询工作的监督”，定位到原文Sodorulestostopaccountingfirmsdoingconsultingworkforauditclients:anditisalsoworthconsideringmandatoryrotationofauditors.（所以规定禁止会计师事务所为审计客户提供咨询服务也是值得考虑强制轮换审计人员的。）对咨询工作的监督只是其中的一类，不能作为最终的解决办法。故选B。

25.推理判断题。定位到原文Butgiventhelargelynon-existentregulationofauditorsandthepoorcorporategovernanceprevalentinmuchofEurope:amoreplausibleconclusionisthatEuropehashadfeweraccountingscandalsthanAmericamainlybecausenobodyhasseriouslylookedforthem,notbecausetheyarenotthere.（但是考虑到审计机构的监管基本上不存在，以及欧洲大部分地区普遍存在的糟糕的公司治理，所以有一个更可信的结论是，欧洲的会计丑闻比美国少，主要是因为没有人认真地去寻找这些丑闻，而不是因为它们不存在。）而第一段开始时就有说到欧洲人一致认为这种事情绝对不可能在他们国家发生。由此可知欧洲公司的现状是有些堪忧的。A选项“相当乐观”，B选项“很有前途的”，C选项“有点令人沮丧”，D选项“非常惊人的”，因此C选项符合题意，故选C。

5.单选题

Sometimes,whilelivinginaforeigncountry,onecravesaspecialdishfromhome.

问题1选项

A.desires

B.eats

C.prepares

D.orders

【答案】A

【解析】考查词义辨析。crave表示“渴望，恳求”；A项desire“想要，渴望”，B项eat“吃”，C项prepare“准备”，D项order“命令，下单”。句意：生活在异国他乡时，有时会想吃家乡的特色菜。因此A项正确。

6.单选题

Yourletterarrivedafterthefinaldateforapplication,（）wecan’tconsideryouforthisjob.

问题1选项

A.consequently

B.remarkably

C.fluently

D.alarmingly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项consequently“因此，所以”；B选项remarkably“显著地，非常地”；C选项fluently“流利地，通畅地”；D选项alarmingly“惊人地，让人担忧地”。句意：你的信到的时候已经过了申请的最后期限，所以我们无法让你做这份工作。后半句是前半句事情导致的结果，是因果关系，所以A选项Consequently“因此，所以”正确。因此A选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Itisquitenecessaryforaqualifiedteachertohavegoodmannersand（

）knowledge.

问题1选项

A.extensive

B.expansive

C.intensive

D.expensive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。extensive“广泛的，大量的”；expansive“广阔的”；intensive“密集的，加强的”；expensive“昂贵的”。句意：一个合格的老师要有良好的修养和广博的知识，这是非常重要的。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds______hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.

问题1选项

A.whichtobaseon

B.onwhichtobase

C.tobebasedon

D.tobaseon

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意：这位教授几乎找不到足够的根据来支持他的新理论。根据横线到句尾是对sufficientgrounds进行修饰的定语从句，确定用引导词which；根据短语basehisargumentsonthesesufficient，确定用介词on，B选项onwhichtobase正确。A选项whichtobaseon介词和语序错误；C选项tobebasedon和D选项tobaseon介词使用错误。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

Scienceandtechnologyactuallyhelpto（）theusefulandpleasantpartsoftraditionalculture.

问题1选项

A.preserve

B.prevail

C.reserve

D.precede

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意:科学技术实际上有助于保存传统文化中有用的和讨人喜欢的部分。选项中只有A和C有保留，保存的意思。preserve强调保护东西完好无损;reserve指保存储备留作后用。根据句意可知，选项A更符合语境。

10.单选题

Untilmeninventedwaysofstayingunderwaterformorethanafewminutes,thewondersoftheworldbelowthesurfaceoftheseawerealmostunknown.Themainproblem,ofcourse,liesinair.Howcouldairbesuppliedtoswimmersbelowthesurfaceofthesea?Picturesmadeabout2,900yearsagoinAsiashowmenswimmingunderthesurfacewithairbagstiedtotheirbodies.Apipefromthebagcarriedairintotheswimmer’smouth.Butlittleprogresswasachievedintheinventionofdivingdevicesuntilabout1490,whenthefamousItalianpainter,LeonardodaVinci,designedacompletedivingsuit.

In1680,anItalianprofessorinventedalargeairbagwithaglasswindowtobewornoverthediver’shead.To“clean”theairabreathingpipewentfromtheairbag,throughanotherbagtoremovemoisture,andthenagaintothelargeairbag.Theplandidnotwork,butitgavelaterinventorstheideaofmovingairaroundindivingdevices.

In1819,aGerman,AugustusSiebe,developedawayofforcingairintothehead-coveringbyamachineoperatedabovethewater.Finally,in1837,heinventedthe“hard-hatsuit”thatwastobeusedfornearlyacentury.Ithadametalcoveringfortheheadandanairpipeattachedtoamachineabovethewater.Italsohadsmallopeningstoremoveunwantedair.Butthereweretwodangerstothediverinsidethe“hard-hatsuit”.Onewasthesuddenrisetothesurface,causedbyatoogreatsupplyofair.Theotherwasthecrushingofthebody,causedbyasuddendivingintodeepwater.Thesuddenrisetothesurfacecouldkillthediver;asuddendivecouldforcehisbodyupintothehelmet,whichcouldalsoresultindeath.

Graduallythe“hard-hatsuit”wasimprovedsothatthedivercouldbegivenaconstantsupplyofair.Thedivercouldthenmovearoundundertheoceanwithoutworryingabouttheairsupply.

Duringthe1940sdivingunderwaterwithoutaspecialsuitbecamepopular.Instead,diversusedabreathingdeviceandasmallcoveringmadeofrubberandglassoverpartsoftheface.Toimprovetheswimmer’sspeedanothernewinventionwasused：apieceofrubbershapedlikeagiantfoot,whichwasattachedtoeachofthediver’sownfeet.Themanufactureofrubberbreathingpipesmadeitpossiblefordiverstofloatonthesurfaceofthewater,observingthemarinelifeunderneaththem.Aspecialrubbersuitenabledthemtostayincoldwaterforlongperiods,collectingspecimensofanimalandvegetablelifethathadneverbeenobtainedinthepast.

Themostimportantadvance,however,wastheinventionofaself-containedunderwaterbreathingapparatus,whichiscalleda“scuba”.

InventedbytwoFrenchmen,JacquesCousteauandEmileGagnan,thescubaconsistsofamouth-piecejoinedtooneortwotanksofcompressedairwhichareattachedtothediver’sback.

Thescubamakesitpossibleforadiver-scientisttowork200feetunderwaterorevendeeperforseveralhours.Asaresult,scientistscannowmovearoundfreelyatgreatdepths,learningaboutthewondersofthesea.

1.Themainprogressmentionedinthispassagewas（

）.

2.AninventionofanItalianprofessor（

）.

3.Siebes’inventionwasnotaperfectone,because（

）.

4.Theword“scuba”is（

）.

问题1选项

A.anItalianprofessorinventedalargeairbag

B.meninventedthebestdivingdevices

C.anItalianpainterdesignedacompletedivingsuit

D.anairbag

问题2选项

A.workedoutverywell

B.can“clean”theair

C.inspiredlaterinventions

D.wasusedtoremovemoisture

问题3选项

A.toosmallasupplyofaircouldresultinasuddenrisetothesurface

B.asuddendiveintodeepwatercouldcausethecrushingofthebody

C.theairpipeattachedtoamachinecouldbeabovethesurface

D.bothAandB

问题4选项

A.acertaindiver’sname

B.anoriginalEnglishword

C.namedbytheinventor

D.anacronym

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.信息推断题。根据文中的单词“invented,developed,improved”以及“themostimportantadvance”可以知道，文章一直在阐述潜水装备的发展进程。选项B符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据“itgavelaterinventorstheidea”这一句得知选项C最符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段的第三句，“Butthereweretwodangers…Onewas…Theotherwas…,”选项B最符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“self-containedunderwaterbreathingapparatus”，可知scuda是首字母缩略词，选项D符合题意。

11.单选题

Whentheymarry,husbandsandwiveshavewell-developedhealthhistoriesandwell-establishedcongenitalanddevelopmentalpropensitiestowardgoodandillhealth.Substantialresearchsuggeststhat,giventheexistinghealthpropensityandhealthconditionofanindividualataparticulartime,hisorherprobabilityofbetterorworsefuturehealthisaffectedbyavarietyofsociallymediatedfactorsthataresubjecttoinfluenceormanipulationbyhisorherspouse.

Spousescanpromoteeachother’shealthbyamelioratingpsychologicalstress.Asubstantialliteraturedevelopsstrongevidencethatpsychologicalstresscausesillness,increasemortalityrisk,andservesasanimportantmechanismthatlinkssocioeconomiccharacteristicstohealthandmortality.Stress-reducingmechanismsincluderemovalofsourcesofstress,andmanagementofstressbytalkingaboutittoatrustedotherperson,psychologicaltreatment,physicalexercise,recreationandothermeans.Aspousecanprovideorencourageallofthesestress-reducingbehaviors.

Spousesalsocanpromoteeachother’shealthbyprovidingeachotherwithsupportivesocialcontact,andtheycanfacilitateorinhibiteachother’ssocialcontactwithsupportiveothers.Evidencesuggeststhathealthisgreatlyadvancedbysupportivesocialcontacts,includingpositiveinteractionwithrelatives,friends,coworkersandacquaintances.Recentexperimentaldatashowsthatpersonswithmorediversesocialnetworksaremoreresistanttoexperimentallyintroducedupperrespiratoryvirusesthanpersonswithlessdiversesocialnetworks.

Spousescanalsopromoteeachother’shealthbyprovidingeachotherwithmoneyincome,andtheycanhelpeachothermanagemoneyincomeeffectively.Moneydoesnotbuyhealthdirectly,butitcanbeusedtopurchasegoodsandservicesthatmakegoodhealthmorelikely.Thesegoodsandservicesincludenutritiousfood,ahygienicandsafeenvironment,medicalcare,andamenitiesthatreducepsychologicalstress.Unlessestrangedorunusuallywealthy,husbandsandwivesalmostalwayssharetheirfinancialresourcesandpurchaseandconsumemanyofthesehealth-promotinggoodsandservicesjointly.Inshort,therearemanywaysinwhichspousescaninfluenceeachother’sprobabilityofgoodhealth.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthemosteffectivewayforthehusbandtoreducepsychologicalstress?

3.Whichoneisthesuitablesummaryofparagraph1?

4.Howcanmoneymakegoodhealth?

5.Whichofthefollowingislikelytothrowspousesintoillhealth?

问题1选项

A.Howspousescanpromoteeachother’sphysicalcondition.

B.Thespouse’sprobabilityoffuturewell-being.

C.Effectsofspouse’shoursofworkoneachother’shealth.

D.Spousesinfluenceeachotherinvariousways.

问题2选项

A.Totalktootherperson.

B.Togotoseepsychiatrist.

C.Totakepleasure.

D.Totalkwithhiswife.

问题3选项

A.Spouse’sinfluenceisofvitalimportancetoeachother’shealth.

B.Spouse’sinfluencehasnothingtodowithhealth.

C.Healthyspouseswillremainhealthaftertheirmarriage.

D.Thereareavarietyofsociallymediatedfactors.

问题4选项

A.Moneysometimesmaybepowerfulenoughtobuyhealthdirectly.

B.Spousescanmanagemoneyincomeeffectivelyforeachother’shealth

C.Moneycanprovidespouseswithgoodsandservices,whichislikelytomakegoodhealth.

D.Forthesakeofeachother’sheath,husbandsandwivesshouldshareeverything.

问题5选项

A.Positiveinteractionwithrelatives.

B.Appropriatephysicalexercise.

C.Fewsocialnetworks.

D.Nutritiousfood.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，作者在第一段指出丈夫或妻子的健康状况不仅受到社会因素的影响，还会受到其配偶的影响。接着后面的三个段落分别从三个不同的角度讲述了配偶之间应该如何相互帮助来促进彼此的健康，所以选项C符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容，减压机制包括消除压力来源，通过与信任的人谈话来管理压力，还有心理治疗，体育锻炼，娱乐休闲等其他方法。配偶可以提供或鼓励所有这些减轻压力的行为。由此可知，作者认为丈夫减轻心理压力最有效的办法应该是与信任的人也就是妻子进行谈话沟通，所以选项D正确。

3.主旨大意题。根据第11题的分析可知，第一段主要是讲丈夫或妻子的健康状况不仅受到社会因素的影响，还会受到其配偶的影响。也就是说配偶的影响对彼此的健康至关重要。所以选项A符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“Moneydoesnotbuyhealthdirectly,butitcanbeusedtopurchasegoodsandservicesthatmakegoodhealthmorelikely.金钱不能直接买到健康，但它可以用来购买使人更有可能获得健康的商品和服务。”由此可知，选项C符合原文。

5.细节事实题。A选项“与亲人之间的积极互动”；B选项“适当的体育锻炼”；D选项“有营养的食物”都能够促进配偶的健康状