达尔文英语简介

达尔文英语简介

查尔斯-罗伯特-达尔文，英国生物学家，进化论的奠基人。下面是为你整理的达尔文英语简介，希望对你有用!

查尔斯-罗伯特-达尔文简介

CharlesRobertDarwin,February12,1809-April19,1882),Britishbiologist,founderofevolution.HasbeenridingtheBergershipfor5yearsofglobalvoyage,animalandplantandgeologicalstructure,suchasalargenumberofobservationandcollection.Publishedthe"originofspecies",putforwardthetheoryofbiologicalevolution,whichdestroyedavarietyofidealisticgodsandspeciesinvariancetheory.Inadditiontobiology,histheoryofanthropology,psychology,philosophydevelopmentcannotbeignored.Engelsranked"evolutionism"asoneofthethreediscoveriesofthenaturalsciencesofthe19thcentury(theothertwoarethetheoriesofcytology,conservationofenergy)andhaveanoutstandingcontributiontomankind.

OnApril19,1882,DarwindiedatthevillageofDawenat73yearsoldandwasburiedinWestminsterAbbey.

查尔斯-罗伯特-达尔文科学影响

Speciesorigin

Darwinwas51yearsold,shortlyafterpublicationofthe"originofspecies"

BasicInformation

Englishtitle:OntheOriginofSpecies

ChineseTitle:Originofthespecies

Author:Darwin

Translator:LiHu

ISBN:9787302275480

Pricing:$49

Published:2022.6

BookCategory:Q111.2

Sellingpointintroduction

1,Darwin'smasterpieceOntheOriginofSpecies(1859)firsteditionofthefirstChinesetranslation.Thefirsteditionofthe"originofthespecies"isthemostrecognizedoriginalversion,becauseitisDarwinhasnotbeenquestionedandblamebeforethewritings,clearthinking,conciseandpowerfulexpositionoftheoriginalviewofDarwin.ModernWesternscholarstodoevolutionaryresearchandwritings,usuallycitedisthefirsteditionof"speciesorigin",basicallythisversionhasbeea"standard".NearlyacenturyofChinesetranslationisbasedonthesixtheditionofthetranslation.

2,thebookdiscussesbreedingscience,ecology,paleontology,biogeography,animalbehavior,morphology,embryology,taxonomyandmanyotherareasofalargenumberofphenomena,revealingavarietyofbiologicalrelationshipbetweenspecies,speciesIsnotfixed,butthrough"withthemodifiedgenerationof"andchange.Darwinstudiedthevariationofbiologicallifeindomesticandnaturalstate,putforwardthetheoryofevolutionasthecoreofnaturalselectiontheory,thatinthe"struggleforsurvival",individualswithfavorablevariationwerechosentobepreserved,theunfavorableindividualwaseliminated,Afteragenerationofnaturalenvironmenttochoosetheroleofadaptationtothegradualaccumulationofmutations,leadingtotheemergenceofnewspecies,resultinginawonderfulvarietyoflifeforms;dwellingintheearthallthecreatures,arederivedfromoneorseveralprimitivetypesofevolutionEvolvedtocausebiodiversity.

Translatorintroduction

LiHu:HebeiXingtai,PekingUniversitygraduate,theStateOceanicAdministrationThirdMarineResearchInstituteofScienceandTechnologyInformationCenterengineers.Engagedinmarinescience,biodiversityandscientifichistoryofthetranslationwork.Translationof"worrydays:thehistoryofglobalwarmingexploration(2022,TsinghuaUniversityPress),"EvolutionaryLegend"(2022,OceanPress)andotherworks.

"Theoriginofspecies"

November24,1859,theBritishnaturalist,evolutionaryfounderDarwin's"originofthespecies"published,laidthetheoreticalbasisofevolution.EvolutionismwascalledbyEngelsasoneofthethreediscoveriesofthenaturalsciencesofthe19thcentury.

Anepoch-makingbook

Whichmarkedtheprofoundchangesintheviewsofthevastmajorityofthelearnedsocietiesinthenineteenthcenturyonthestatusofthebiologyandhumanbeingsinthebiologicalworld.

Theclassicworksthataffectthehistoricalprocess

Oneofthe10booksthatshooktheworld

Agreatinfluenceonthehumandevelopmentprocess

TheClassicTranslationofChineseModernSociety

1985American"life"magazinenamedthebestbooksofhumanhistory

In1986theFrench"reading"magazineremendedidealbook

November24,1859,inLondon,England,thisisaveryextraordinaryday.Onthisday,manypeopleinLondonflockedtoabookstore,petingtobuyanewlypublishedbook.Thefirsteditionofthebookwassoldoutonthedayofpublication.

Thisnewbookisthe"originofthespecies",itisthefounderoftheevolutionofDarwin'sfirstmasterpiece.Theadventofthisworkforthefirsttimeonthebasisofpletescienceonthebasisofscience,withanewideaofbiologicalevolutiontooverthrowthe"creationtheory"and"speciesunchanged"theory.

Thepublicationofthe"originofspecies"hascausedasensationinEuropeandtheworldasawhole.Itfoughtheavilyagainstthefoundationsoftheocracy,fromthereactionarychurchtothefeudalphilosopherswerefurious,theygroupattack,slanderDarwin'sdoctrine"blasphemetheHolySpirit",violatedthe"monarchicaldivinejustice",thelossofhumandignity.Incontrast,progressivescholars,representedbyHuxley,activelyadvocateanddefendDarwinism.Evolutionarytheoryhasexplodedpeople'sminds,enlightenedandeducatedpeopletoliberatethemfromtheshacklesofreligioussuperstition.

Darwin's"originofspecies"isverymeaningful,andthisbookcanbeusedasanaturalscientificbasisforhistoricalclassstruggle.-Marx

In1859becamethedivisionofsciencebeforeandafterthetwo"world"boundaries.Thepublicationofthe"originofspecies"hasledtoarevolutioninbiology,which,likeMarxism,hasagreatsignificanceandfar-reachingimpactonthestageofhistory.Darwinwasawayfromthehustleandbustleofthebigcity,andwaspreparingforarevolutioninhisquietmanor,andthatMarxhimselfpreparedforthecenteroftheclamoroftheworld,andthatthedifferencewasonlyappliedtotheother.

-Liebknecht

Darwin'sdominantideain"theoriginofspecies",thatis,"naturalchoice",willbeacceptedasascientificallydeterminedtruth.Ithasallthefeaturesofthegreatnaturalsciencetruth,blurredfortheclear,plexandsimple,andaddsalotofnewthingstotheoldknowledge.Darwinisthegreatestrevolutionistofthiscentury,andevenofallthecentury'snaturalhistory.

-BritishbotanistWatson

Ithinkthe"originofthespecies"ofthisbookisnomatterhowgooditis,itcantouchthosewhoknownothingaboutthisproblem.AsforDarwin'stheory,Iampreparedtosupportthefireeventhroughfireandwater.

-BritishnaturalistHuxley

PsychologyhistorianD.Schultzmentedin1981:"IntheDarwiniantheory,theimportanceofthepsychologicalfactorsofspeciesevolutionisobvious,andheoftencitesthehumanandanimalconsciousnessreaction.AsaresultofpsychologyandevolutionInthesenseofconsistency,sopsychologyhastoacceptthisevolutionarypointofview.

1809years

Darwin'sworksinfluencedpsychologyfromfouraspects

1,itemphasizesthecontinuityofthepsychologicalfunctionbetweenanimalsandhumans;

2,itchangesthesubjectofpsychologyintothefunctionofconsciousnessratherthanthecontentofconsciousness,changesthegoalofpsychologytostudytheadaptationoftheorganismtoitsenvironment;

3,whichprovidesreasonableevidenceforavarietyofalternativesurveysandresearchmethods,ratherthanconfinementtoexperimentalintrospection;

4,itfocusesonindividualdifferencesbetweenmembersofthesamespecies.

Darwinhasaspecialinfluenceonthedevelopmentoffunctionalism.HistheoryofevolutionhasledtotheriseofthepsychologyofAmericanopportunism,whichhasopenedaneweraofAmericanpsychology.

查尔斯-罗伯特-达尔文主要著作及信件

1835-1862

1835:"AbstractsfromletterstoProfessorHenslow"

1836:"TahitiandNewZealandandotherregionsofthemoralstatusreport"(ALETTER,ContainingRemarksontheMoralStateofTAHITI,NEWZEALAND,c.-BYCAPT.R.FITZROYANDC.DARWIN,ESQ.OFHMS'Beagle.')

1839:"JournalandRemarks"(JournalandRemarks),oftenreferredtoas"Beagletrip".

"ZoologyoftheVoyageofH.M.S.Beagle":atotalof5volumes,respectively,byanumberofauthorspublishedin1839to1843years.TwoofthemwereeditedandsupervisedbyCharlesDarwin,1840:"PartI.FossilMammalia",RichardOwen'sworks.

1839:"PartII.Mammalia",GeorgeRobertWaterhouse.

1842:"TheStructureandDistributionofCoralReefs"

1844:"GeologicalObservationsofVolcanicIslands"(GeologicalObservationsofVolcanicIslands)

1846:"GeologicalObservationsonSouthAmerica"(GeologicalObservationsonSouthAmerica)

1849:"Geology",publishedinJohnFriedrichWilliamHerschel,"AManualofscientificinquiry"(preparedfortheuseofHerMajesty'sNavy:andAdaptedfortravellersingeneral.

1851:AMonographoftheSub-classCirripedia,withFiguresofalltheSpecies.TheLepadidae;or,PedunculatedCirripedes.

1851:"Monroefossil"AMonographontheFossilLepadidae;or,PedunculatedCirripedesofGreatBritain

1854:"MonographoftheSub-classCirripedia,withFiguresofalltheSpecies.TheBalanidae(orSessileCirripedes);theVerrucidae,etc.

1854:"CeratoidesandAquaculture"AMonographontheFossilBalanidaelig;andVerrucidaelig;ofGreatBritain.

1858:"discussingthetendencyofspeciestoformvariants;andontheTendencyofSpeciestoformVarietiesandonthePerpetuationofVarietiesandSpeciesbyNaturalMeansofSelection"Anunpublishedbook.

1958:"autobiographyofCharlesDarwin",Barlow(Barlow)piledbythefullversion.1859:"OntheOriginofSpeciesbyMeansofNaturalSelection,orthePreservationofFavouredRacesintheStruggleforLife",thepletetitleis"BasedonNaturalSelectionorSurvivalinSurvivalpetition"origin".

1862:"ThevariouscontrivancesbywhichBritishandforeignorchidsarefertilisedbyinsects".

1868-1903

1868:"VariationofPlantsandAnimalsUnderDomestication"(VariationofPlantsandAnimalsUnderDomestication).1871:"TheDescentofMan,andSelectioninRelationtoSex",alsoknownas"humanorigin".

1872:"TheExpressionofEmotionsinManandAnimals".

1875:"MovementandHabitsofClimbingPlants".

1875:InsectivorousPlants.

1876:"TheeffectsofCrossandSelf-FertilationintheVegetableKingdom"(TheEffectsofCrossandSelf-FertilationintheVegetableKingdom).

1877:"TheDifferentFormsofFlowersonPlantsoftheSameSpecies".1879:Prefaceandapreliminarynotice,inErnstKrause'sErasmusDarwin.

1880:"ThePowerofMovementinPlants".

1881:"Theformationofhumusandtheroleofearthworms"(TheFormationofVegetableMoldThroughtheActionofWorms),