高三英语二轮复习：自然科技阅读专题训练

11/11高三英语二轮复习：自然科技阅读专题AAsnewyearapproaches,crowdsaroundtheworldmaybeexpectingfireworkstolightupthesky.Butthefireworkscouldfinallylosetheirappealwiththegrowinguseofdrones(无人机)forlightshows.OneobviousexamplewasdronelightshowintheopeningceremonyofTokyoOlympics.OllieHowitt,atechnicianatSkyMagic,whichused300dronestocreateadisplayforLondon’snewyearcelebration,saiddemandhadincreasedsubstantially.Sheaddedthatdroneswereincreasinglyabletoflyingreaterdensityandforlonger.Howittalsosaidtherewerebenefitsofdrones,“Theygiveoutnopollutants,they’rereusable,andthere’snofalloutorthatkindofthing.Sointhatsensetheyareaverysensiblechoice.”RobertNeff,thegeneralmanageratMerciaHarbor,alsosaidthedecisiontouseadronedisplayattheharborwasdowntoanumberoffactors,includingtheimpactoffireworksonanimals—fromwildlifetothepetsofboatowners.“They’veoftencommentedonhowmuchsufferingiscausedtotheirpetsbythefireworks,”hesaid.Butnoteveryoneagrees.HansRosling,aspokespersonfromtheBritishFireworksAssociationsaiddronescouldalsoposeenvironmentalproblems.“Suggestionsarethatdroneshavelessofanimpactontheenvironment,butwehaveconcernsaboutelectricaldemandanduseoflithium(锂)batterieswhichareknownnottobeallthat‘green’,”hesaid.“Theimpactoffireworkuseontheenvironmenthasbeenshowntobeminorandveryshort-livedandrecentstudieshavesuggestedthatthereislikelytobemorepollutionfromacoupleofcarsdrivingtoaneventthancausedbyfireworksatanevent.”Andthereareissueswithdronelightdisplays,whichneedtoreceivespecificsafetyapprovalfromcertainauthorities.Somesuggesttheuseofdronesdoesn’tmeanshuttingofffireworks.Thebangsoffireworkscreateasoundfeelingthatishardtoreplace.Meanwhile,otherspreferthechancetotellstoriesintheskybyusingaseriesofimage.1.WhydoesthewritertalkabouttheTokyoOlympicsinPara1?A.Toattractreaders’attentiontotheOlympics.B.Toadvocatesettingofffireworksinthenewyear.C.Tointroducethepopularuseofdronesforlightshows.D.Tohighlightpeople’scelebrationofthisopeningceremony.2.WhatdidOllieHowittthinkofdronedisplays?A.Theybringenvironmentalproblems.B.Theycauselittlesufferingtothepets.C.Theyaddcolortothenewyearcelebration.D.Theyareeconomicalandenvironmentally-friendly.3.WhichofthefollowingdidHansRoslingagreewith?A.Fireworkdisplayslastshorterthandronedisplays.B.Thepollutionfromfireworksisn’tasmuchaspeoplethink.C.Droneshavelessimpactontheenvironmentthanfireworks.D.Peopleshouldabandonthedronedisplaysbecauseoflithiumbatteries.4.Whatarepeople’sattitudestowardsdronelightdisplays?A.Controversial. B.Favorable. C.Cautious. D.Neutral.BAlthoughtherearefilters(滤镜)whichcanchangedigitalphotographstomakethemsimilartoapainting,obviousdifferencesstillexist.

Abrand-newpaintingAIhasbeenmadepublicrecently.Muchlikethepupilsoftheoldmasters,thenewAIstudiestheworksofgreatpainterslikeVermeerandVanGoghandlearnstoreproducetheirworks.

TheAI,named"PaintBot",isthecreationofateamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofMaryland,theBytedanceAILabandAdobeResearch.

PaintBotcannotonlyreproducetheworksofdifferentartistsbutcreatenewworksbasedonphotographsinthechosenpainter'scharacteristicstyle.

TotraintheAItoimitate(模仿)agivenartist'stechnique,theresearcherswouldpresentitwithbetween3and10referencepaintings.Witheachreferencepaintingitstudies,theAIgraduallylearnstorecognizethevariouscharacteristicsofthegivenartist'stechnique,includingthestroke(笔画)colour,positionandsize—alongwiththeorderinwhicheachbrushstrokeshouldbemade.

PaintBotusesatechniqueknownasreinforcementlearning(强化学习).Duringthelearningprocess,theAIwouldpracticereproducingreferencepaintings,whichitwouldthencomparewiththeoriginalworktoseehowsimilarthetwowereandifitwasimprovingitsimitationoftheartist'sstyle.IttakesaroundsixhoursfortheAItolearntoimitateagivenpainter.

OncetheAIhasmasteredaparticularartist'stechnique,theresearcherscouldpresentitwithanewimagetoreproduceinthesamestyle.TheAIthenuseswhatithaslearnttoproduceanewpainting,puttingdowneachbrushstrokeoneatatime.

Afterbeingtrainedinagivenstyle,PaintBottakesonlyaroundfiveminutestoproduceeachofitsdigitalmasterpieces.

ThewaythatPaintBot'scompositionsarebuiltupfromthousandsofindividualbrushstrokesmakestheAI'sworksmorerealisticthanthoseonlinefilters.5.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutfiltersusedtochangedigitalphotos?A.Theydoamazingwork. B.Theyareoutofdate.C.Theyhavedifferentuses. D.Theyarenotgoodenough.6.WhatdoesPaintBotneedtodofirstbeforeimitatingacertainartist'spainting?A.Learntheartist'stechniques. B.Recognizethevalueofthepainting.C.Comparethepaintingwithotherworks. D.Understandtheartist'sfamilybackground.7.HowdoesPaintBotcreateworks?A.Itfollowsthegivenstyle. B.Itlearnsfromtheresearchers.C.Itjustimitatesthereferencepaintings. D.Itmixestechniquesofdifferentartists.8.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPaintBot'spaintingsaccordingtotheauthor?A.Popular. B.Valuable. C.Advanced. D.Lifelike.CAnimalsperformtasksthattheirbodiesarewelldesignedfor.That’sbecausetheirintelligenceevolved(进化)withtheirphysicalformastheyinteractedwiththeenvironment.Artificialintelligenceissmartaswellbutitdoesn’thaveabody.AgrimGuptaofStanfordUniversityandhiscolleagueswondered:Doeshavingbodiesmatterfortheevolutionofintelligence?Toanswerit,theycreatedavirtualrobotnamed“unimal”andstudiedhowhavingvirtualbodiesaffectedtheevolutionoftheunimals’intelligence.Unimalsareprettysimplewithballsforheadsandcylindersforarmsandlegs.Thetestenvironmentscameinthreevarieties:flatareas,areasfilledwithhills,stepsandbrokenstones,andareasthathadthecomplexitiesofthesecondsort,butwithaddedobjectsthatunimalsneedtomovetoatargetlocation.Atfirst,theunimalswereinrandomshapes,butwithidenticalsoftwarerunningthem.Ingroupsoffour,DrGuptaputthemthroughtestsofagility,stability,andabilitytocontrolobjects.Theneachgroup’swinnerwasallowedtogivebirthtoadaughterwithonemutation(变异),forexample,anextralegforstability.Thisdaughterwassenttoanewgrouptobetested.Theprocessrepeatedandthetestendedaftertengenerationsofevolution.Thediversityoftheunimals’shapesthatevolvedsurprisedtheteam.Somehadarmsaswellaslegswhileothershadonlylegs.Crucially,though,theresearchersfoundthemostsuccessfulunimals,whichevolvedinthetoughestenvironment,learnedtasksfasterandbetterthantheirancestors.ThisconsistswiththeBaldwineffect,whichsuggeststhatmindsevolvetomakebestuseofthemorphologies(形态)ofthebodiestheyfindthemselvesin.It’sbelievedthattheresultwillprovideinsightsfordevelopingrobotsthatcanlearntoperformmultipletasksintherealworld.9.WhatdidAgrimGupta’steamstudy?A.Howanimalsperformtasks.B.Howunimalsarecreatedrandomly.C.Howanimalsinteractwiththeenvironment.D.HowhavingvirtualbodiesinfluencesAIevolution.10.Whatmakesthethirdtestenvironmentthetoughest?A.Stonestobepicked. B.Morestepstobecounted.C.Objectstobemoved. D.Higherhillstobeclimbed.11.What’sParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thetestprocedure. B.Therunningsoftware.C.Theunimals’varieties. D.Thewinners’mutations.12.WhyistheBaldwineffectmentionedinParagraph5?A.Tocomparedifferentdiscoveries.B.Toexplaintheconceptofmorphology.C.TosupporttheresultofGupta’sstudy.D.Tointroduceanewwaytodeveloprobots.DResearcherssayanewelectricaldeviceplacedinthreeparalyzedpatientshashelpedthemwalkagain.Thelowerbodiesofthethreepatientswereleftparalyzedaftertheysufferedspinal(脊柱的)cordinjuries.Butadeviceimplantedinthespinalcordwasabletosendelectricalsignalstothemusclestopermitthemtostand,walkandexercise.Scientistshavediscoveredthatneurons—whichreceiveandsendsignalsformusclemovements—oftenstillworkininjuredpatientswithseriousspinalcordinjuries.However,pastresearchintospinalcordinjurieshascenteredonthestimulationofneurons.NowinthelatestexperimentledbyGregoireCourtineandJocelyneBlochoftheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyinLausanne,threeparalyzedmenwereimplantedanewelectricaldevicedesignedtocopyanactionofthebrain,inwhichitsendssignalstothespinalcordthatresultinmusclemovement.Whenthespinalcordreceivesthebrainsignals,itstimulatesacollectionofnervecellsthatcanactivatedifferentmuscles.Theresearchersreportedthatallthreepatientswhogotthespinalcordimplantswereabletotaketheirfirststepswithinanhourafterreceivingthem.Overthenextsixmonths,thepatientsregainedtheabilitytotakepartinmoreadvancedwalkingactivities,thestudyfound.Theywerealsoabletoridebicyclesandswimincommunitysettings.Unlikeotherattemptstohelpparalyzedpatientswalkbystimulatingnervesthroughthebackofthespine,Courtinesaidthathisteamredesignedthedevicessosignalswouldenterthespinefromthesides.Thismethodpermitsmoredirecttargetingandactivationofspinalcordareas,hesaid.Theteamthendevelopedartificialintelligence(AI)systemslinkedtothedevice.TheAIcontrolselectrodesonthedevicetosendsignalstostimulateindividualnervesthatcontrolmusclesneededforwalkingandotheractivities.However,becausethepatients’muscleswereweakfromnotbeingused,theyneededhelpwithsupportingtheirweight,theresearcherssaid.Italsotooksometimeforthemtolearntoworkwiththetechnology.Still,Blochsaid,“Themoretheytrain,themoretheystartliftingtheirmuscles,themorefluiditbecomes.”13.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?A.CourtineandBlochhavefoundthatneuronsinparalyzedpatientsstillwork.B.Thenewelectricaldevicecanimitatethebraintosendsignalstothespinalcord.C.Threeparalyzedmenrecoveredwiththehelpofanewelectricaldevice.D.Stimulatingtheneuronsisthefocusofthelatestresearchintospinalcordinjuries.14.Howdoesthenewdevicestimulatethespinalcordareasmoredirectly?A.Bystimulatingnervesthroughthebackofthespine.B.ByusingtheAIsystem.C.Bymakingsignalsenterthespinefromthesides.D.Bysendingthesignalstothebrain.15.WhichcanbestdescribeBloch’sideainthelastparagraph?A.Everygardenhasitsweeds. B.Putthecart(运货马车)beforethehorse.C.It'shardtopleaseall. D.Practicemakesperfect.16.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Toreporttheconsequenceofspinalcordinjuries.B.Tointroducethefindingsofarecentresearch.C.Tocomparearecentresearchwithotherpreviousresearches.D.Torecommendatreatmentforparalyzedpatients.ENowagroupofItalianshavecreatedtheworld’sfirstunderwatergardenforterrestrialplants.CalledNemo’sGarden,theprojectwaslaunchedbytheOceanReefGroupasameanstoexperimentwithfoodsupplydiversity,shouldclimaticchangesmakepartsofItalytoodrytofarm.Thelargeself-sustaining,totally-containedbiosphereswouldintheorybescalable,andperhapsinthefuturemightlookliketheunderwatercityfromStarWars:ThePhantomMenace.Thechallengeexistingingrowingplantsunderwater,giventhattheyarenormallyathomeinsoil,wasbutoneobstacleNemohashadtoovercome.Thesixair-filledgreenhousessufferedmajorstormdamageinOctober2019,andbeforetheycouldbefullyrepaired,COVID-19(新冠病毒)hadalltheresearchersshelteringinplace.Yettheteamnevergaveuphope,asEuronewsreports,andthemonthsofabandonmentdidnotharmthefacilityinanyway.June6thsawthegardenfully-operationalagain,includingtheirlivestreamwhereonecanwatchtheplantsgrow.Thebiospheres(生物圏),whichsiteightmetersunderthesurfaceoffthecoastofNoliinLiguria,usesolarenergyfortheirminimalelectricalneeds,andevaporatedseawatercondenses(凝结)ontheglassoftheceilingwhichwaterstheplants.Adiverswimsunderandupintotheairpocketofthepodtoharvestwhat’sreadytoeat.Theprojectwebsitesaysthatincreasedpressurelikethatfoundundertheoceanisactuallybeneficialtothespeedatwhichplantscancomeup,thoughtheyadmitverylittleresearchhasbeenpublishedonthetopic—afterall,notsomanypeoplearecurrentlytryingtogrowstrawberriesunderwater.Theconditionscreateareallyintenseflavorinthevegetables,andalsoallowtheplants’environmenttobecompletelycontrolled,withnothingimpactingtheirlifedialthegrowersdon’twant.FornowNemo’sGardenisessentiallyaresearchlab,butiftheideawereexpanded,it’sexpectedtobeabletokeepfoodsecurityforthepeninsula,andtheworld.17.WhywasStarWars:ThePhantom,Menacementioned?A.Tostressitisknowntotheworld.B.Toproveithasbecomesapopulardestination.C.Toillustrateitisthefirstexistingunderwatercity.D.ToexplainNemo’sGardenhassimilaritieswiththeunderwatercity.18.WhatmightbethedifficultyingrowingunderwaterplantsaccordingtoParagraph2?A.COVID-19. B.Brokengreenhouses.C.Frequentstorms. D.Shortageofsoil.19.WhichwordcanbestdescribethegroupofItalianstakingupNemo’sGarden?A.Strong-willed. B.Self-confident.C.Open-minded. D.Well-paid.20.Whatistheeffectofincreasedstressonplants?A.Ithelpsthemsellwell. B.Itcontributestogoodtaste.C.Itpromotestheirgrowth. D.Itincreasesgrowingperiod.FIthasbeenknownforalongtimethatobesitytendstoruninfamilies,butitwasnotuntilabout20yearsagothatscientistsstartedtodiscoverthatchangesinspecificgenescanhaveverylargeimpactsonourweightevenfromearlychildhood.OneofthesegenesMC4Rmakesaproteinthatisproducedinthebrainwhereitsendssignalstoourappetitecenters,tellingthemhowmuchfatwehavestored—WhentheMC4Rgenedoesnotworkproperly,ourbrainsthinkwehavelowerfatstoresthanwedo,signalingthatwearestarvingandneedtoeat.Anewstudy,ledbyscientistsfromtheUniversityofCambridgeandtheUniversityofBristol,hasfoundthataroundoneinevery340peoplemaycarryadisruptivemutation(变异)atMC4R.Peoplewhocarrythesemutationsweremorelikelytohaveagreaterweightfromearlychildhoodand,by18yearsofage,theywereonaverage17kgheavier,withthemajorityofthisexcessweightlikelytobefat.TheseresultswerefoundbystudyingtheMC4Rgeneinarandomsampleofaround6,000participantsborninBristol.Wheneveramutationwasfound,theresearcherswentontostudyitsfrequencyandeffectsinthelaboratory.Basedonthefrequencyofmutationsinthisstudy,itwasestimatedthataround200,000peopleintheUKcarryasubstantialamountofunexpectedfatbecauseofmutationsinMC4R.ProfessorStephenO’Rahilly,oneoftheresearchers,said,“Parentsofobesechildrenareoftenblamedforpoorparentingandnotallchildrenobtainappropriateprofessionalhelp.Ourfindingsshouldencourageamoresympatheticandreasonableapproachtooverweightchildrenandtheirfamilies—includinggeneticanalysisinallseriouslyobesechildren.”ThoughtheMC4Rgeneisastrikingexample,thisisonlyonegeneofmanythataffectourweight.“Inthelongerterm,knowledgeofthebrainpathwayscontrolledbyMC4Rshouldhelpinthedesignofdingthathelprestorepeopletoahealthyweight,”Stephenadded.21.WhatcanweknowaboutMC4Rgene?A.MC4Rgeneaffectspeople’sappetitenegatively.B.ThemutationofMC4Rgenestimulatespeople’sdesiretoeat.C.MC4Ristheonlygenethatcontributestopeople’soverweightproblem.D.ScientistsdiscoveredMC4Rcouldinfluencepeople’sweighttwodecadesago.22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“excess"inParagraph3mean?A.Proper. B.Essential.C.Considerable. D.Additional.23.WhatcanweinferfromProfessorStephen’swords?A.Parentsshouldbetoblameforpoorparenting.B.Theobesityproblemshouldbetreatedfairlyandscientifically.C.Newdrugscanhelpoverweightchildrenlosemuchfatinthelongrun.D.KnowledgeofMC4Rshouldbeappliedtohelpingobesechildrenphysicallyandmentally.24.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Suggestionsonhowtomaintainastandardweight.B.AdiscussionofBritishpeople’soverweightproblems.C.AstudyabouttheeffectofMC4R’smutationonweight.D.Therelationshipbetweenpeople'sappetiteandMC4R’smutation.2022届广东省茂名市高三英语二轮复习：自然科技阅读专题参考答案A篇答案1-4:CDBA【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了将无人机用于灯光表演秀的优点及可能给环境带来的影响，以及人们对无人机灯光表演秀的不同态度。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段后两句“Butthefireworkscouldfinallylosetheirappealwiththegrowinguseofdrones(无人机)forlightshows.OneobviousexamplewasdronelightshowintheopeningceremonyofTokyoOlympics.(但随着无人机在灯光表演中的使用越来越多，烟花可能最终失去吸引力。一个显著的例子就是东京奥运会开幕式上的无人机灯光表演)”可知，作者提及东京奥运会是为了举例说明无人机在灯光表演中的广泛应用。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后OllieHowitt所说的话“Theygiveoutnopollutants,they’rereusable,andthere’snofalloutorthatkindofthing.Sointhatsensetheyareaverysensiblechoice.(它们不释放污染物，可重复使用，而且没有放射性尘埃之类的东西。所以从这个意义上说，它们是一个非常明智的选择)”可知，OllieHowitt认为无人机表演秀不释放污染物、没有放射性尘埃，还可重复利用，即它们既环保又经济实惠。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段最后HansRosling所说的话“Theimpactoffireworkuseontheenvironmenthasbeenshowntobeminorandveryshort-livedandrecentstudieshavesuggestedthatthereislikelytobemorepollutionfromacoupleofcarsdrivingtoaneventthancausedbyfireworksatanevent.(使用烟花对环境的影响十分微小且非常短暂，最近的研究表明，几辆汽车开到活动现场可能比活动燃放烟花造成的污染都多)”可知，HansRosling认为燃放烟花的污染并不像人们想象的那么严重。故选B。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段最后OllieHowitt所说的话“Theygiveoutnopollutants,they’rereusable,andthere’snofalloutorthatkindofthing.Sointhatsensetheyareaverysensiblechoice.(它们不释放污染物，可重复使用，而且没有放射性尘埃之类的东西。所以从这个意义上说，它们是一个非常明智的选择)”可知，OllieHowitt对于无人机表演秀是支持的；根据第四段第一句“Butnoteveryoneagrees.(但并非所有人都这么认为)”及HansRosling所说的话“Suggestionsarethatdroneshavelessofanimpactontheenvironment,butwehaveconcernsaboutelectricaldemandanduseoflithium(锂)batterieswhichareknownnottobeallthat‘green’(有人认为，无人机对环境的影响较小，但我们对电力需求和锂电池的使用感到担忧，众所周知，锂电池并不完全是“绿色”的)”可知，HansRosling对于无人机的使用是持怀疑态度的。因而可知，人们对于无人机表演秀的使用有不同看法，存在争议的。故选A。B篇答案5-8:DAAD

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了名为“PaintBot”人工智能，PaintBot不仅可以复制不同艺术家的作品，还可以根据选定画家的独特风格的照片创作新作品。【5题详解】推理判断题。【关键句】Althoughtherearefilterswhichcanchangedigitalphotographstomakethemsimilartoapainting,obviousdifferencesstillexist.【解析】根据关键句的叙述尤其是obviousdifferences可知,作者认为滤镜还不够好。因此D项符合题意。

【6题详解】细节理解题。【关键句】TotraintheAItoimitateagivenartist'stechnique,theresearcherswouldpresentitwithbetween3and10referencepaintings.Witheachreferencepaintingitstudies,theAIgraduallylearnstorecognizethevariouscharacteristicsofthegivenartist'stechnique,includingthestrokecolour,positionandsize—alongwiththeorderinwhicheachbrushstrokeshouldbemade.【解析】根据关键句的叙述可知,在模仿某个艺术家的画之前,人工智能都会先学习该艺术家的绘画技巧。因此A项符合题意。

【7题详解】细节理解题。【关键句】OncetheAIhasmasteredaparticularartist'stechnique,theresearcherscouldpresentitwithanewimagetoreproduceinthesamestyle.TheAIthenuseswhatithaslearnttoproduceanewpainting...【解析】根据关键句的叙述可知,人工智能在掌握了画家的创作技巧后,能够按同样的风格创作新的画作。因此A项符合题意。

【8题详解】推理判断题。【关键句】ThewaythatPaintBot'scompositionsarebuiltupfromthousandsofindividualbrushstrokesmakestheAI'sworksmorerealisticthanthoseonlinefilters.【解析】根据关键句的叙述可以推断,PaintBot创作的作品非常真实、逼真。popular意为“流行的”;valuable意为“有价值的”;advanced意为“先进的”;lifelike意为“栩栩如生的”。因此D项符合题意。C篇答案9-12:DCAC【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了对拥有身体的机器人进化的研究，研究结果显示进化是为了最大限度地利用身体所处的形态。这一结果将为开发能够在现实世界中执行多种任务的机器人提供见解。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“AgrimGuptaofStanfordUniversityandhiscolleagueswondered:Doeshavingbodiesmatterfortheevolutionofintelligence?Toanswerit,theycreatedavirtualrobotnamed“unimal”andstudiedhowhavingvirtualbodiesaffectedtheevolutionoftheunimals’intelligence.(斯坦福大学的阿格里姆·古普塔和他的同事们想知道：拥有身体对智力的进化重要吗？为了回答这个问题，他们创造了一个名为“unimal”的虚拟机器人，并研究拥有虚拟身体如何影响“unimal”的智力进化)”可知，AgrimGupta的团队研究拥有虚拟身体如何影响人工智能的进化。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Thetestenvironmentscameinthreevarieties:flatareas,areasfilledwithhills,stepsandbrokenstones,andareasthathadthecomplexitiesofthesecondsort,butwithaddedobjectsthatunimalsneedtomovetoatargetlocation.(测试环境有三种类型：平坦的区域、充满山丘、台阶和碎石的区域，以及具有第二种复杂性的区域，但添加了unimal需要移动才能到达目标区域的物体。)”可知，第三种测试环境最困难是因为添加了要移走的物体。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段内容“Atfirst,theunimalswereinrandomshapes,butwithidenticalsoftwarerunningthem.Ingroupsoffour,DrGuptaputthemthroughtestsofagility,stability,andabilitytocontrolobjects.Theneachgroup’swinnerwasallowedtogivebirthtoadaughterwithonemutation（变异）,forexample,anextralegforstability.Thisdaughterwassenttoanewgrouptobetested.Theprocessrepeatedandthetestendedaftertengenerationsofevolution.(一开始，unimals的形状是随机的，但运行它们的软件是相同的。古普塔博士让他们四人一组，进行敏捷性、稳定性和控制物体能力的测试。然后每组的优胜者被允许生一个带有突变的女儿,例如，为了稳定性的额外的腿。这个女儿被送到一个新的小组接受测试。这个过程不断重复，在进化了十代之后，测试结束了。)”可知，本段主要讲述测试过程。故选A。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段的“Crucially,though,theresearchersfoundthemostsuccessfulunimals,whichevolvedinthetoughestenvironment,learnedtasksfasterandbetterthantheirancestors.ThisconsistswiththeBaldwineffect,whichsuggeststhatmindsevolvetomakebestuseofthemorphologies（形态）ofthebodiestheyfindthemselvesin.(然而，至关重要的是，研究人员发现，那些在最艰苦的环境中进化出来的unimal学习任务比它们的祖先更快、更好。这与鲍德温效应一致，鲍德温效应表明思维的进化是为了最大限度地利用他们所处的身体形态。)”可知，研究的结果与鲍德温效应一致，因此推断提到鲍德温效应是为了支持研究结果。故选C。D篇答案13-16：BCDB【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究人员表示，一种安置在三名瘫痪患者身上的新型电子设备已经帮助他们重新行走。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“NowinthelatestexperimentledbyGregoireCourtineandJocelyneBlochoftheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyinLausanne,threeparalyzedmenwereimplantedanewelectricaldevicedesignedtocopyanactionofthebrain,inwhichitsendssignalstothespinalcordthatresultinmusclemovement.”可知，这种新的电子设备可以模仿大脑向脊髓发送信号。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Courtinesaidthathisteamredesignedthedevicessosignalswouldenterthespinefromthesides.Thismethodpermitsmoredirecttargetingandactivationofspinalcordareas,hesaid.”可知，这种新设备通过让信号从两侧进入脊柱，更直接地刺激脊髓区域。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Still,Blochsaid,“Themoretheytrain,themoretheystartliftingtheirmuscles,themorefluiditbecomes.””可知，越训练就越熟练，可以得出熟能生巧这个观点。A.Everygardenhasitsweeds.人无完人；B.Putthecartbeforethehorse.本末倒置；C.It’shardtopleaseall.众口难调；D.Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。故选D。【16题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Researcherssayanewelectricaldeviceplacedinthreeparalyzedpatientshashelpedthemwalkagain.”可知，这篇文章的主要目的是为了介绍最近一项研究所取得的成果，人造骨髓植入物有望使瘫痪者恢复行走。故选B。E篇答案17-20：DBAC【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世界上第一个陆生植物水下花园的一些情况。【17题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Thelargeself-sustaining,totally-containedbiosphereswouldintheorybescalable,andperhapsinthefuturemightlookliketheunderwatercityfromStarWars:ThePhantomMenace.(这个大的自续的，完全被包含的生物圈在理论上是可测量的，也许在将来可能看起来像《星球大战：幽