2020年考研真题试题英语一试题及答案解析

2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题及答案解析SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Eveniffamiliesdon't..roast.__1__acoldwinter'sday,fewculinarypleasurescan__2_it.Yetaswereportnow,thefoodpolicearedeterminedthatthis__3__shouldberenderedyetanotherguiltypleasure__4__todamageourhealth.TheFoodStandardsAuthority(FSA)has__5__apublic...cooked__6__hightemperatures.Thismeansthatpeopleshould__7__crispingtheirroastpotatoes,rejectthin-crustpizzasandonly__8__toasttheirbread.Butwhereistheevidencetosupportsuchalarmistadvice?__9__studies...neurologicaldamageinmice,thereisno__10__evidencethatitcausescancerinhumans.Scientistssaythecompoundis__11__tocausecancerbuthavenohardscientificproof.__12__theprecautionaryprinciple,itcouldbearguedthatitis__13tofollowtheFSAadvice.__14__,itwasrumoured...toprovea__15__.Doubtlessapieceofboiledbeefcanalwaysbe__16__uponSundayalongside...beworthliving?__17__,theFSAsaysitisnottellingpeopletocutoutroastfoods__18__,buttoreducetheirlifetimeintake.However,their__19__riskscoming...just__20__withnoonelistening.1.[A]In[D]Till[C]On[B]Towards2.[A]match[D]influence[C]satisfy[B]express3.[D]concermn[B]enjoyment[C]surprise[A]patience4.[C]compelled[D]guaranteed[B]privileged[A]intensified5.[C]ignored[D]cancelled[B]received[A]issued6.[C]for[B]at[D]by[A]under7.[A]forget[B]regret[D]avoid[C]finish8.[D]initially[C]easily[A]partially[B]regularly9.[C]If[D]While[A]Unless[B]Since10.[A]secondary[C]conclusive[D]negative[B]extermal11.[B]bound[C]likely[A]insufficient[D]slow12.[A]Onthebasisof[B]Atthecostof[C]Inadditionto[D]Incontrastto13.[A]interesting[B]advisable[D]fortunate[C]urgent14.[B]Inparticular[C]Bydefinition[D]Afterall[A]Asusual15.[D]pattern[C]connection[B]combination[A]resemblance16.[D]used[C]saved[A]made[B]served17.[A]Tobefair[C]Tobebrief[B]Forinstance[D]Ingeneral18.[D]carefully[B]entirely[C]gradually[A]reluctantly19.[A]promise[D]competition[C]campaign[B]experience20.[A]followup[C]openup[D]endup[B]pickup1.答案C【On】解析：本题为语义题。本题考查和题干中awinterday搭配的介词，C项On与具体某一天搭配时，表示在某日，最符合原文语义。所以本题选C。干扰选项：A选项ln(在……内)，B选项Towards(朝……)，D选项Till(直到……为止)，均不符合原文语义。2.答案A【match】解析：本题为语义题。本题考查符合主语culinarypleasures和宾语it的动词词义。还原it指代的内容，为Sundayroast。few表示很少，几乎没有的，表示否定，在句中起加强语气的作用。A项match表示相配、比得上，最符合原文语义：几乎没有什么饮食能比得上一顿周日烤肉大餐所带来的快乐。所以本题选A。干扰选项：B选项express(表达)，C选项satisfy(使满意），D选项influence(影响)，均不符合原文语义。3.答案B【enjoyment】解析：本题为逻辑题。根据本空前代词this，可知，空白处语义在上文提到过。enjoyment表示乐趣，是对上文pleasures的同义替换，最符合原文语义。所以本题选B。干扰选项：A选项patience(耐心），C选项surprise(惊喜），D选项concermn(担忧），均不符合原文语义。4.答案D【guaranteed】解析：本题为逻辑题。题干中的anotherguiltypleasure表示另一种罪恶的快乐，todamageourhealth表示伤害我们的健康，根据二者的语义一致关系，可知，罪恶暗示出对身体健康造成的伤害是确定的。D项guaranteed表示确定的，最符合原文语义。所以本题选D。干扰选项：A选项intensified(强化的)，B选项privileged(有特权的)，C选项compelled（被强迫的），均不符合原文语义。5.答案A【issued】解析：本题为语义题。根据空白处后的apublicwarming可知，本题考查搭配warning的动词。A项issued表示正式发布，最符合原文语义。所以本题选A。干扰选项：B选项received(收到），C选项ignored(忽略），D选项cancelled(取消)，均不符合原文语义。6.答案B【at】解析：本题为语义题。根据题干cooked和空白处后的hightemperatures可知，本题考查与hightemperatures搭配的介词。B项at表示在……、以……，athightemperatures表示在高温时，符合原文语义。所以本题选B。干扰选项：A选项under(在……下)，C选项for(为了)，D选项by（通过)，均不符合原文语义。7.答案D【avoid】解析：本题为逻辑题。根据and可知，并列连接的语义相近，根据另外两个动词reject(拒绝）和and后的onlytoast(只烤）可知，并列的语义倾向为否定的。D项avoid表示避免，最符合原文语义。所以本题选D。干扰选项：A选项forget(忘记)，B选项regret(后悔)，C选项finish（完成)，均不符合原文语义。8.答案A【partially】解析：本题为逻辑题。根据题干中的and可知，并列各成分的语义相近。根据空白处前的rejectthin-crustpizzas(拒绝薄皮披萨)可推知，and后的语义与拒绝温度过高相近，A项partially表示部分地、不完全地，最符合原文语义：面包只烤半分熟。所以本题选A。干扰选项：B选项regularly(定期地)，C选项easily(容易地），D选项initially(起初地)，均不符合原文语义。9.答案D【While】解析：本题为逻辑题。题干中studieshaveshownthat…表示，研究表明，丙烯酰胺能导致老鼠的神经受损。thereisno…表示没有丙烯酰胺在人类中致癌的证据。根据二者语义关系可知，两个分句存在让步关系，D项While表示尽管，最符合原文语义。所以本题选D。干扰选项：A选项Unless（除非），B选项Since(既然），C选项If（如果），均不符合原文语义。10.答案C【conclusive】解析：本题为语义题。题干中thereisnoevidencethatit…表示，没有丙烯酰胺在人类中致癌的证据。C项conclusive表示确定的、决定性的，最符合原文语义：没有丙烯酰胺在人类中致癌的确定的证据。所以本题选C。干扰选项：A选项secondary(次要的)，B选项external(外部的)，D选项negative（否定的），均不符合原文语义。11.答案C【likely】解析：本题为逻辑题。根据题干中的but可知，but前后语义相反，havenohardscientificproof表示没有科学证据，所以C项likely表示很有可能的，最符合原文语义。所以本题选C。干扰选项：A选项insufficient（不足的)，B选项bound（必定的），D选项slow(迟钝的)，均不符合原文语义。12.答案A【Onthebasisof】解析：本题为逻辑题。题干中theprecautionaryprinciple表示预防原则；itcouldbearguedthat…表示，有人认为应当听从FSA的建议。二者语义一致，A项Onthebasisof表示根据、基于，最符合原文语义。所以本题选A。干扰选项：B选项Atthecostof(以……为代价），C选项Inadditionto(除……之外），D选项lncontrastto(与……相反的是），均不符合原文语义。13.答案B【advisable】解析：本题为语义题。根据题干tofollowtheFSAadvice和theprecautionaryprinciple可知，根据预防原则，有人认为应该听从FSA的建议。B项advisable表示明智的、可取的，最符合原文语义。所以本题选B。干扰选项：A选项interesting(有趣的），C选项urgent(紧急的)，D选项fortunate(幸运的)，均不符合原文语义。14.答案D【Afterall】解析：本题为逻辑题。根据空白处逻辑词的位置可知，本题考查上下两句的逻辑关系。分析两句语义：基于预防原则，有人认为听从FSA的建议是明智的；在有证据证明吸烟与癌症有关之前，人们就一直在谣传吸烟会致癌。由两句语义可知，后句和前句间存在让步关系，D项afterall表示毕竟，属于让步关系，最符合原文语义。所以本题选D。干扰选项：A选项Asusual(像往常一样)，B选项Inparticular(尤其)，C选项Bydefinition（按照定义），均不符合原文语义。15.答案C【connection】解析：本题为逻辑题。根据题干可知，before连接的两个句子存在时间上的先后顺序，即smoking和cancer间存在因果关系的谣传在先，证据(evidence)在后。C项connection表示关联，最符合原文语义：在有证据证明吸烟与癌症有关之前，人们就一直在谣传吸烟会致癌。所以本题选C。干扰选项：A选项resemblance(相似性），B选项combination(结合），D选项pattern(模式），均不符合原文语义。16.答案B【served】解析：本题为语义题。根据题干apieceofboiledbeef和____up间的语义关系可知，本题考查和beef搭配的动词词组。B项served和原文up是动词词组，表示上菜，最符合原文语义：一片煮过的牛肉被端上饭桌。所以本题选B。干扰选项：A选项made(制作)，C选项saved（节省，节约），D选项used（使用），均不符合原文语义。17.答案A【Tobefair】解析：本题为逻辑题。根据空白处逻辑词的位置，可知，本题考查上下两句的逻辑关系。上句语义为：那样的话，生活还值得一过吗?空白处所在句的语义为：FSA说这并不是要告诉人们停止吃烧烤食物，而是要告诉人们减少烧烤食物的摄入。由二者语义可知，空白处所在句在对上句的疑问进一步阐释和澄清。A项Tobefair表示说实话、公平来讲，最符合原文语义。所以本题选A。干扰选项：B选项Forinstance(例如)，C选项Tobebrief(简言之），D选项lngeneral（总的来说），均不符合原文语义。18.答案B【entirely】解析：本题为逻辑题。根据题干中的not…but可知，前后两个分句间存在转折关系：后半句reducetheirlifetimeintake表示减少摄入；前半句cutoutroastfoods____表示停止吃烧烤食物___。B项entirely表示完全地，最符合原文语义：FSA并不是说让人们完全不吃烧烤食物，而是减少摄入量。所以本题选B。干扰选项：A选项reluctantly(勉强地），C选项gradually(逐渐地），D选项carefully（小心地），均不符合原文语义。19.答案C【campaign】解析：本题为语义题。题干指出，他们的▁▁▁存在给人一种过于强迫和过分保护的印象的风险。还原代词their，为FSA’s。结合上句可知，FSA发布的警告会让人们误以为烧烤食物完全不能吃。C项campaign表示为实现某种目的而进行的活动，最符合原文语义。所以本题选C。干扰选项：A选项promise(承诺)，B选项experience(经验），D选项competition(竞争)，均不符合原文语义。20.答案D【endup】解析：本题为语义题。根据空白处语义的位置可知，本题考查动词语义。constanthealthscares表示不断的健康恐慌，noonelistening表示没有人在听。D项endup表示以……结束、以……告终，最符合原文语义：不断的健康恐慌却以没人理会告终。所以本题选D。干扰选项：A选项followup(接下来)，B选项pickup(捡起)，C选项openup(揭露，展示)，均不符合原文语义。SectionIlReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1AgroupofLabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebringinginthenewyearwithacalltoinstituteaUK"townofculture"award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcity...buttheygenerallylacktheresourcestoputtogetherabidtobeattheirbiggercompetitors.Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asought-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990andLiverpoolin2008.AcynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverofself-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthepost-Brexitworld:aftertownofculture,whoknowswhatwillfollowvillageofculture?Suburbofculture?Hamletofculture?Itisalsowisetorecallthat...tothecommunity.Thereallysuccessfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringinhigh-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear....Butitcanbedone:Glasgow'syearasEuropeancapitalofculturecancertainlybeseenasoneofacomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothepowerhouseofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainstoday.A"townofculture"couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonouringatown'speculiarities-helpingsustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeopleandturnitintoaction.21.Cooperandhercolleaguesarguethata"townofculture"awardcould[A]consolidatethetowncitytiesinBritain[B]promotecooperationamongBritain'stowns[C]increasetheeconomicstrengthofBritain'stowns[D]focusBritain'slimitedresourcesonculturalevents答案【C】increasetheeconomicstrengthofBritain'stowns解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词“townofculture”定位到第一段最后一句：Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs。所以本题选C。22.AccordingtoParagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas[A]asensiblecompromise[B]aself-deceivingattempt[C]aneye-catchingbonus[D]aninaccessibletarget答案【B】aself-deceivingattempt解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词paragraph2定位到第二段，在第二段中主要讨论了批评者对这一奖项的看法，其中在2句中提到：theUKisonthevergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverofself-celebration…。其中aself-deceivingattempt是self-celebration的同义替换。所以本题选B。23.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit[A]endeavourstomaintainitsimage[B]meetstheaspirationsofitspeople[C]bringsitslocalartstoprominence[D]commitstoitslong-termgrowth答案【D】commitstoitslong-termgrowth解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词ttleholder定位到第三段3句，该句提出此类头衔成功的持有者做的事情，而在前一句中提到的糟糕的文化年无法给社区带来长久的利益：leavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity，2句与3句形成了对比。所以本题选D。24.GlasgowismentionedinParagraph3topresent[A]acontrastingcase[B]asupportingexample[C]abackgroundstory[D]arelatedtopic答案【B】asupportingexample解析：本题为例证题。此题考查了学生对论据的判断。根据题干关键词Glasgow和Paragraph3定位到第三段最后一句：Butitcanbedone:Glasgow’syearasEuropeancapitalofculturecancertainlybeseenasoneofacomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturmedthecityintothepowerhouseofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainstoday。所以本题选B。25.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheproposal?[A]Skeptical[B]Objective[C]Favorable[D]Critical答案【C】Favorable解析：本题为态度题。题干询问作者对theproposal的态度，而整篇文章是作者一对这个提议的分析，其中最后一段：A“townofculture”couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonouringatown'speculiarities-helpingsustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeopleandturnitintoaction是对第一段最后-句:Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs的进一步肯定。所以本题选C。Text2Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneedjourmalsinwhichtopublishtheirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.Withthecontentof...whentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsof...figuresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reaction...passingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.Yetthenewsystemhasnot...preparinganarticle.Theserangefromaround£500to$5,000.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthese"articlepreparationcosts"hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateaboveinflation.Insomewaysthescientificpublishing....fimswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneedarebalancingofpower.26.Scientificpublishingisseenas"alicencetoprintmoney"partlybecause[A]itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease[B]itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful[C]itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced[D]itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing答案【D】itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词alicencetoprintmoney定位到第一段1句，但此句是第一段的论点句，因此需要在后面句子中找答案：第一段2句supplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward和第一段3句performthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree。D项itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing是对这两句内容的概括。所以本题选D。27.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave[A]thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries[B]gonethroughanexistentialcrisis[C]revivedthepublishingindustry[D]financedresearchersgenerously答案【A】thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Elsevier定位到第三段：TheDutchgiantElsevier…madeprofitsofmorethan£900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan£210min2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch。所以本题选A。28.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?[A]Relieved.[B]Puzzled.[C]Concerned.[D]Encouraged.答案【D】Encouraged解析：本题为态度题。根据题干关键词thesuccessofSci-Hub定位到第四段2句：thelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants。所以本题选D。29.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms[A]allowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney[B]renderpublishingmucheasierforscientists[C]reducethecostofpublicationsubstantially[D]freeuniversitiesfromfinancialburdens答案【A】allowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词openaccessterms定位到第五段3句：sothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease。所以本题选A。30.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthescientificpublishingmodel?[A]Trialsubscriptionisoffered.[B]Labourtriumphsoverstatus.[C]Costsarewellcontrolled.[D]Thefewfeedonthemany.答案【D】Thefewfeedonthemany.解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词thescientificpublishingmodel定位到第六段(⑤句：hugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces。所以本题选D。Text3Progressivesoftensupportdiversitymandatesasapathtoequalityandawaytoleveltheplayingfield.Butalltoooftensuchpoliciesareaninsincereformofvirtue-signalingthatbenefitsonlythemostprivilegedanddoeslittletohelpaveragepeople.ApairofbillssponsoredbyMassachusettsstateSenatorJasonLewisandHouseSpeakerProTemporePatriciaHaddad,toensure"genderparity"onboardsandcommissions,provideacaseinpoint.HaddadandLewisare...andcommissionswillberequiredtosetaside50percentofboardseatsforwomenby2022.Thebillsaresimilartoameasurerecentlyadopted...Brownadmittedthatthelaw,whichexpresslyclassifiespeopleonthebasisofsex,isprobablyunconstitutional.TheUSSupremeCourtfrownsonsex-basedclassificationsunlesstheyaredesignedtoaddressan“important"policyinterest...theconstitutionalguaranteeof“equalprotection".Butaresuchgovernmentmandatesevennecessary?Femaleparticipationoncorporateboardsmaynotcurrentlymirrorthepercentageofwomeninthegeneralpopulation,butsowhat?Thenumberofwomenoncorporate...theboardsofglobalcorporationsincreasedby54percent.Requiringcompaniestomakegendertheprimaryqualificationforboardmembershipwillinevitablyleadtolessexperiencedprivatesectorboards.ThatisexactlywhathappenedwhenNorwayadoptedanationwidecorporategenderquota.WritinginTheNewRepublic,AliceLeenotesthatincreasingthenumberofopportunitiesforboardmembershipwithoutincreasingthepoolofqualifiedwomentoserveonsuchboardshasledtoa"goldenskirt"phenomenon,wherethesameelitewomenscoopupmultipleseatsonavarietyofboards.Nexttimesomebodypushes..self-servingmeasuresthatmaketheirsponsorsfeelgoodbutdolittletohelpaveragewomen.31.TheauthorbelievesthatthebillssponsoredbyLewisandHaddadwill[A]helplittletoreducegenderbias[B]poseathreattothestategovermment[C]raisewomen'spositioninpolitics[D]greatlybroadencareeroptions答案【A】helplittletoreducegenderbias解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词thebillssponsoredbyLewisandHaddad定位到第二段。段末评论provideacaseinpoint回指上文第一段的doeslittletohelpaveragepeople。所以本题选A。32.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheCalifomiameasure?[A]Ithasirritatedprivatebusinessowners.[B]ItiswelcomedbytheSupremeCourt.[C]ItmaygoagainsttheConstitution.[D]Itwillsettlethepriorcontroversies.答案【C】ItmaygoagainsttheConstitution.解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词California定位到第四段。由第四段末句isprobablyunconstitutional可知加州的措施可能违宪。所以本题选C。33.TheauthormentionsthestudybyCatalysttoillustrate[A]theharmfromarbitraryboarddecision[B]theimportanceofconstitutionalguarantees[C]thepressureonwomeninglobalcorporations[D]theneedlessnessofgovernmentinterventions答案【D】theneedlessnessofgovernmentinterventions解析：本题为例证题。根据题干关键词thestudybyCatalyst定位到第七段，该例子要证明的观点在上文第六段，由问句Butaresuchgovemmentmandatesevennecessary?可知作者对该做法的必要性表示质疑。所以本题选D。34.Norway'sadoptionofanationwidecorporategenderquotahasledto[A]theunderestimationofelitewomen'srole[B]theobjectiontofermaleparticipationonboards[C]theentryofunqualifiedcandidatesintotheboard[D]thegrowingtensionbetweenlaborandmanagement答案【C】theentryofunqualifiedcandidatesintotheboard解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Norway’sadoptionofanationwidecorporategenderquota与leadto定位到第八段(①2句，原文(①句中的leadtolessexperiencedprivatesectorboards与C项是同义表达。所以本题选C。35.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?[A]Women'sneedinemploymentshouldbeconsidered.[B]Feasibilityshouldbeaprimeconcerninpolicymaking.[C]Everyoneshouldtryhardtopromotesocialjustice.[D]Majorsocialissuesshouldbethefocusoflegislation.答案【B】Feasibilityshouldbeaprimeconcerminpolicymaking.解析：本题为推断题。根据首段末句Butalltoooftensuchpolicies…doeslittletohelpaveragepeople可以判断全文的感情基调是对某政策的质疑。所以本题选B。Text4LastThursday,theFrenchSenatepassedadigitalservicestax,whichwouldimposeanentirelynewtaxonlarge...totargetingadvertisingbasedonuserdata,andthetaxappliestogrossrevenuefromsuchservices.ManyFrenchpoliticiansandmediaoutletshavereferredtothisasa"GAFAtax,"meaningthatitisdesignedtoapplyprimarilytocompaniessuchasGoogle,Apple,FacebookandAmazon-inotherwords,multinationaltechcompaniesbasedintheUnitedStates.Thedigitalservicestaxnowawaitsthe…,withtheUnitedStatestraderepresentativeopeninganinvestigationintowhetherthetaxdiscriminatesagainstAmericancompanies,whichinturncouldleadtotradesanctionsagainstFrance.TheFrenchtaxisnotjustaunilateral...ThesehaveincludedBritain'sDPT(divertedprofitstax),Australia'sMAAL(multinationalanti-avoidancelaw),andIndia'sSEP(significanteconomicpresence)test,tonamebutafew.Atthesametime,theEuropeanUnion,Spain,Britainandseveralothercountrieshaveallseriouslycontemplateddigitalservicestaxes.Theseunilateraldevelopmentsdifferintheirspecifics,buttheyarealldesignedtotaxmultinationalsonincomeand...Inotherwords,theyallshareaviewthattheinternationaltaxsystemhasfailedtokeepupwiththecurrenteconomy.Inresponsetothesemanyunilateralmeasures,theOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)iscurrentlyworkingwith131countriestoreachaconsensusbytheendof2020onaninternationalsolution....France'splannedtaxisaclearwarning:Unlessabroadconsensuscanbereachedonreformingtheinternationaltaxsystem,othernationsarelikelytofollowsuit,andAmericancompanieswillfaceacascadeofdifferenttaxesfromdozensofnationsthatwillproveburdensomeandcostly.36.TheFrenchSenatehaspassedabillto.____[A]regulatedigitalservicesplatforms[B]protectFrenchcompanies'interests[C]imposealevyontechmultinationals[D]curbtheinfluenceofadvertising答案【C】imposealevyontechmultinationals解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词TheFrenchSenate定位到第一段1句，该句whichwouldimposeanentirelynewtaxonlargemultinationals与C项是同义表达。所以本题选C。37.ItcanbelearmedfromParagraph2thatthedigitalservicestax[A]maytriggercountermeasuresagainstFrance[B]isapttoarousecriticismathomeandabroad[C]aimstoeaseinternationaltradetensions[D]willpromptthetechgiantstoquitFrance答案【A】maytriggercountermeasuresagainstFrance解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词digitalservicestax定位到第二段，段末whichinturmncouldleadtotradesanctionsagainstFrance与A项是同义表达。所以本题选A。38.Thecountriesadoptingtheunilateralmeasuressharetheopinionthat[A]redistributionoftechgiants'revenuemustbeensured[B]thecurrentinternationaltaxsystemneedsupgrading[C]techmultinationals'monopolyshouldbeprevented[D]allcountriesoughttoenjoyequaltaxingrights答案【B】thecurrentintermationaltaxsystemneedsupgrading解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词unilateral与sharetheopinion定位到第四段末句：Inotherwords,theyallshareaviewthattheintemationaltaxsystemhasfailedtokeepupwiththecurrenteconomy,B项needsupgrading是对原文failedtokeepupwith的合理判断。所以本题选B。39.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph5thattheOECD'scurrentwork[A]isbeingresistedbyUScompanies[B]needstobereadjustedimmediately[C]isfacedwithuncertainprospects[D]needstoinvolvemorecountries答案【C】isfacedwithuncertainprospects解析：本题为细节题。根据Paragraph5与题干关键词OECD’scurrentwork定位到第五段，该段末句中but…raisequestionsabout…传达出的不确定与C项中的uncertain一致。所以本题选C。40.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthistext?[A]FrancelsConfrontedwithTradeSanctions.[B]FranceLeadstheChargeonDigitalTax.[C]FranceSays"NO"toTechMultinationals.[D]FranceDemandsaRoleintheDigitalEconomy.答案【B】FranceLeadstheChargeonDigitalTax解析：本题为主旨大意题。文章首段由法国的digitalservicestax（数字服务税)引出话题，随后介绍诸多国家的类似措施。B项中的Leads（引领）与DigitalTax完整地概括了全文内容。所以本题选B。SectionIlReadingComprehensionPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadings.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A]Eyefixationsarebrief.[B]Toomucheyecontactisinstinctivelyfelttoberude.[C]Eyecontactcanbeafriendlysocialsignal.[D]Personalitycanaffecthowapersonreactstoeyecontact.[E]Biologicalfactorsbehindeyecontactarebeinginvestigated.[F]Mostpeoplearenotcomfortableholdingeyecontactwithstrangers.[G]Eyecontactcanalsobeaggressive.Inasocialsituation,eyecontactwithanotherpersoncanshowthatyouarepayingattentioninafriendlyway.Butitcanalsobeantagonisticsuchaswhenapoliticalcandidateturnstowardtheircompetitorduringadebateandmakeseyecontactthatsignalshostility.Here'swhathardsciencerevealsabouteyecontact:41.Weknowthatatypicalinfantwillinstinctivelygazeintoitsmother'seyes,andshewilllookback.Thismutualgazeisamajorpartoftheattachmentbetweenmotherandchild.Inadulthood,lookingatsomeoneelseinapleasantwaycanbeacomplimentarysignofpayingattention.Itcancatchsomeone'sattentioninacrowdedroom.“Eyecontactandsmile"cansignalavailabilityandconfidence,acommon-sensenotionsupportedinstudiesbypsychologistMonicaMoore.42.NeuroscientistBonnieAuyeungfoundthatthehormoneoxytocinincreasedtheamountofeyecontactfrommentowardtheinterviewerduringabriefinterviewwhenthedirectionoftheirgazewasrecorded.Thiswasalsofoundinhigh-functioningmenwithsomeautisticspectrumsymptoms,whomaytendtoavoideyecontact.Specificbrainregionsthatrespondduringdirectgazearebeingexploredbyotherresearchers,usingadvancedmethodsofbrainscanning.43.Withtheuseofeye-trackingtechnology,JuliaMinsonoftheHarvardKennedySchoolofGovernmentconcludedthateyecontactcansignalverydifferentkindsofmessages,dependingonthesituation.Whileeyecontactmaybeasignofconnectionortrustinfriendlysituations,it'smorelikelytobeassociatedwithdominanceorintimidationinadversarialsituations."Whetheryou'reapoliticianoraparent,itmightbehelpfultokeepinmindthattryingtomaintaineyecontactmaybackfireifyou'retryingtoconvincesomeonewhohasadifferentsetofbeliefsthanyou,"saidMinson.44.Whenwelookatafaceorapicture,oureyespauseononespotatatime,oftenontheeyesormouth.Thesepausestypicallyoccurataboutthreepersecond,andtheeyesthenjumptoanotherspot,untilseveralimportantpointsintheimageareregisteredlikeaseriesofsnapshots.Howthewholeimageisthenassembledandperceivedisstillamysteryalthoughitisthesubjectofcurrentresearch.45.Inpeoplewhoscorehighinatestofneuroticism,apersonalitydimensionassociatedwithself-consciousnessandanxiety,eyecontacttriggeredmoreactivityassociatedwithavoidance,accordingtotheFinnishresearcherJariHietanenandcolleagues,“Ourfindingsindicatethatpeopledonotonlyfeeldifferentwhentheyarethecentreofattentionbutthattheirbrainreactionsalsodiffer."Amoredirectfindingisthatpeoplewhoscoredhighfornegativeemotionslikeanxietylookedatothersforshorterperiodsoftimeandreportedmorecomfortablefeelingswhenothersdidnotlookdirectlyatthem.41.答案【C】Eyecontactcanbeafriendlysocialsignal.解析：本题下段中pleasant和complimentary对应C项中的friendly，且下段中多次出现sign、signal。所以本题选C。42.答案【E】Biologicalfactorsbehindeyecontactarebeinginvestigated.解析：本题下段出现Neuroscientist、hormoneoxytocin和autisticspectrumsymptoms等生物学名词，对应E项中的Biologicalfactors。且本题下段中explored与E项中investigated是同义词。所以本题选E。43.答案【G】Eyecontactcanalsobeaggressive.解析：由于本题下段出现了friendly和signal，考生易错选C项。但是本题下段强调的是it’smorelikelytobeassociatedwithdominanceorintimidationinadversarialsituations（在敌对的情况下，眼神交流更可能与支配或恐吓联系在一起），G项是对这句话的总结概况。所以本题选G。44.答案【A】Eyefixationsarebrief.解析：本题下段多次出现的pause(停止)是A项中fixations(固定)的同义词。且A项中的brief是对原文threepersecond的概括总结。所以本题选A。45.答案【D】Personalitycanaffecthowapersonreactstoeyecontact.解析：本题下段首句出现关键词personality。所以本题选D。PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Followingtheexplosionofcreativityin...RenaissanceideashadspreadthroughoutEuropewellintothe17thcentury,withtheartsandsciencesflourishingextraordinarilyamongthosewithamorelogicaldisposition.(46)WiththeChurch'steachingsandwaysofthinkingbeingeclipsedbytheRenaissance,thegapbetweentheMedievalandmodernperiodshadbeenbridged,leadingtonewandunexploredintellectualterritories.DuringtheRenaissance,t