(完整版)七年级下册英语语法

七年级下册英语语法：一．情态动词的用法（1）Can情态动词can有一定的词义,但不能独立存在,它必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词can没有人称和数的变化。其具体用法如下：1■表示"能、会"，指脑力或体力方面的"能力"。例如：IcanspeakEnglish■我会讲英语。JimcanswimbutIcan't■吉姆会游泳，但我不会。表示"可能",常用于否定句或疑问句中,指某种可能性。例如：HanMeican'tbeintheclassroom■韩梅不可能在教室里。Canhecomeheretoday,please?请问他今天能到这里来吗？3.表示"可以",常用于口语中,指许可或请求做某事。例如：CanIhaveacupoftea,please?请问我可以喝一杯茶吗？Youcangoout■你可以出去了？补充：can在口语中可以代替may,表示许可或可以。can't在口语中代替mustn't时，表示禁止或不准。例如：Youcan'tplayfootballinthestreet■不准在马路上踢足球。情态动词can的过去式could,用于现在时，可使语气更委婉、更客气。例如：CouldyouhelpmewithmyEnglish?你能帮助我学习英语吗？情态动词can的基本句型1■肯定句型为:主语+can+动词原形+其它。例如：Theycanplaybasketball他们能打篮球。Shecandanee■她会跳舞。YoucangotowatchTV.你可以去看电视了。2■否定句型为:主语+cannot（can't/cannot）+动词原形+其它。表示"某人不能（不会。不可能）做"。其中can't是cannot的缩略式，英国多写成cannot。例如：Youcannotpasstheballlikethis■你不能像这样传球。Ican'trideamotorbike.我不会骑摩托车。疑问句句型分为：一般疑问句句型和特殊疑问句句型两种类型。⑴一般疑问句句型为:Can+主语+动词原形+其它。表示"某人会（能。可以）做……吗？"，用于口语时，常表示请求或许可。其肯定答语用""Yes，主语+can."作答;否定答语用"No,主语+can't."作答。注意答语中作主语的人称代词，应根据问句中的主语作相应的变化。其变化规则为：第一人称问,则第二人称答;第二人称问,则第一人称答;第三人称问,第三人称答。例如：①-CanyousinganEnglishsongforus?你可以为我们大家唱一首英语歌吗？-Yes.行。（注意在Yes后面常省略Ican）②-CanIskate?我可以滑冰吗？-Yes,youcan.可以。③-Cansheclimbhills?她能爬山吗？-No,shecan't■不，她不能。⑵特殊疑问句句型为:a.Who+can+动词原形+其它。该句型中who相当于主语。例如：-WhocansinginEnglishinyourclass?你们班上谁会用英语唱歌？-Lilycan■莉莉会。b■特殊疑问词（作定语）+名词+can+主语+动词原形+其它。该句型中的特殊疑问词常用howmany,howmuch等。例如:-Howmanyboatscanyouseeintheriver?你能看见河中有多少只船吗？-0nlyoneboat■仅有一只。c■特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其它。该句型中的特殊疑问词常用what,where,when等,一般用肯定陈述句作答。例如:-Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?你能在图画中看到什么？-Icanseesomebirdsandtwobigtreesinit.我能看至U—些鸟儿和两棵大树。I.单项选择（15分）（）1.Mysisterlikesplayingtheguitar,butshecan'tplay.niceB.goodC.well（）2.—Areyougoodswimming?—Yes,andIthinkIcanhelpkids___it.A.with;inB.with;withC.at;withHewantstheEnglishclub.A.tojoinB.tobeC.bein（）4.Myfathercan'tplaybasketball.Hecanplaypiano.A.the;theB./;theC.the;/（）5.—WhydoyouwanttotheEnglishclub?BecauseMrLiintheclubisgood___us.A.have;withB.join;withC.join;at（）6.Mybrotherdoesn'tlikeplayingbasketballwatchingTV.A.andB.butC.or（）7.—CanyouspeakChinese,Tom?—Yes,butonly.A.lotsofB.manyC.alittle()8.—doyouwanttojoin?—Themusicclub.A.WhatclubB.WhenC.What()9.Hi!CanIhelpyou?__.Iwanttojointheclub.A.No,thanksalotB.GreatC.Yes,please()10.—___?—HecandoChinesekungfuwell.A.CanhedoChinesekungfuB.WhatcanhedoC.DoeshewanttojointheChinesekungfuclub()11.Whatcanyoudo?Ican.A.playtheguitarB.playviolinC.swimmingD.jointheclub()12.CanTomhelpkidsswimming?--Yes,can.A.xwithC.forD.to()13.___doyouwanttojointhechessclub?BecauseIlikechessverymuch.A.WhoB.HowC.WhyD.What()14.Whatisthefirstdayoftheweek?A.MondayB.FridayC.SaturdayD.Sunday()15.Icanswimwell.Iwanttojointhe___club.AmusicBchessCswimmingD、musician1．Ginawantstojthemusicclub.2．CanyousEnglish?3．Icanplaytheguitarbutcan'tplaythep.Canyouhkidswithswimming?用所给单词适当形式填空—Canyouhelpkidswith(dance)?—Yes,Ican.Theywant(join)thebaseballclub.Canyou(sing)?Thegirllikesmusic.Shewantstobea(music).Doyouwanttojointhe(swim)club?Areyougoodwith(kid),Jim?47Hewantstojointhe(dance)club.48.Shecan(play)basketball.49.Shecanhelp(I)with(I)English.50.Ineed(buy)apen?现在进行时1.定义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。常与now,thesedays等时间状语连用，句首有Look!/Listen!等提示语。I'mvisitingmyfriendsnow.Look!Heissittingthere.2基本结构：be动词(am,is,are)+动词的现在分词构成(动词-ing)肯定句：be+doing否定句：be+notdoing一般疑问句：Be动词提前到句子开头+主语+doing记忆口诀：现在进行主动宾，be+动词-ing要记清；助动词(am,is,are)跟着主语变，am,is,are+-ing;变疑问，助动词(am,is,are)后主语跟，变否定，助动词(am,is,are)后not跟。例句：肯定句：Iamworking.Heisworking.Theyareworking.否定句：Iamnotworking.Heisnotworking.Theyarenotworking.疑问句：Areyouworking?Isheworking?Aretheyworking?回答：Yes,Iam.Yes,heis.Yes,theyare.No,I'mnot.No,heisn't.No,theyaren't.注意：现在进行时的特殊用法：现在进行时与always连用时，往往含有赞扬、厌恶、责备等感情色彩。如：Heisalwaysworkinghard.他总是非常努力地工作。(表示赞扬)come,go,begin,start,leave等动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。SheisleavingChinatomorrow.I'mgoingtoschool.3.现在分词的变法规则当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：一)一般在后加ing。女如sing-singing,see-seeing,play-playing,go-going,do-doing,二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：write-writing,have-having,come一coming来；close-closing关；make一making制造ride一riding骑；write-writing写;take-taking拿走;have一having有；三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning;sit-sitting；cut一cutting切；shop-shopping购物；begin-beginning开始forget-forgetting忘记；stop-stopping停止travel-travelling旅行；begin—beginning开始;swim—swimming游泳；run—running跑步;put—putting放；let—letting让；get—getting得到四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于现在进行时态专项练习一、写出下列动词的现在分词形式staydolistenforgetrefuseclosetraveldieworkspendlookmakeputsitruntietakegiveridepleasewinbeginopenlie___二、用所给动词的适当形式填空MaryandLucyare(dance)now.Listen!Someoneis(play)thepianointhenextroom.Heis(sweep)theflooratthemoment.Look!Thecat(eat)thefishonthetable.A:you(study)French?B:Yes,Iam.Sheoften(dance)afterschool.Myfatherandmother(swim)inthepond.Mysisteris(fly)akiteinthegarden.Weare(watch)TVnow.Bequiet!Thebaby(sleep)now.三．单选1、Look!Hetheirmotherdothehousework.A.ishelpingB.arehelpC.ishelpD.ishelpping2、aretheboysdoing?Theyaresingingintheroom.A.WhoB.HowC.WhatD.Where3、Don'ttalkhere.Mymother.A.issleepingB.aresleepingC.SleepingD.sleep4、Danny.Don'tcallhim.A.iswriteingB.iswritingC.writingD.writes5、-Whenheback?-Sorry,Idon'tknow.A.does,comeB.arecomingC.iscomeD.iscoming6.Whoovertherenow?A.singingB.aresingC.issingingD.sing7.It'seighto'clock.ThestudentsanEnglishclass.A.have4、Danny.Don'tcallhim.A.iswriteingB.iswritingC.writingD.writes5、-Whenheback?-Sorry,Idon'tknow.A.does,comeB.arecomingC.iscomeD.iscoming6.Whoovertherenow?A.singingB.aresingC.issingingD.sing7.It'seighto'clock.ThestudentsanEnglishclass.A.haveB.havingC.ishavingD.arehaving8.Listen!Thebabyinthenextroom.A.cryingB.criedC.iscryingD.cries9.Look!Thetwinsnewsweaters.A.arewearingB.wearingC.arewearD.iswearing10.Don'ttalkhere.GrandparentsA.issleepingB.aresleepingC.sleepingD.sleepinahospital.inahospital.Tomisaworker.Heinafactory.HissistersA.work/workB.works/workwork/works12.12.WhoEnglishbestinyourclass?A.speakB.speaksC.Speaking13.Mrs.Readthewindowseveryday.A.iscleaningB.cleanC.cleans14.Wemusicandoftentomusic.A.like/listenA.like/listenB.likes/listensC.like/arelistening15.Sheupatsixinthemorning.A.getB.getsC.gettingsomesome16.OnSundayshesometimesshopping.hisclothesandsometimesA.wash/doB.iswashing/isdoingC.washes/doesA.wash/dosome17.Thetwinsusuallymilkandbreadforbreakfast,butJim__somecoffeeforit.A.have/haveB.have/hasC.has/have语法一般过去时句式一、一般过去时的概念：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：lastyear,yesterday,in1990,twodaysago等；也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often,always等频率副词连用。例如：Isawhiminthestreetyesterday.昨天我在街上看见他了。LiMeialwayswenttoschoolonfootlastyear.去年李梅总是步行上学。二、一般过去时的构成：1.be动词的一般过去时的构成：第一人称单数和第三人称单数用was,其余人称用were例如：Iwastenyearsoldatthattime.Thereweremanypeoplestandinginfrontofthedoor.2.实义动词的一般过去时的构成：(1)规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则：①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上ed。如：looklookedworkworkedjumpjumpedstaystayed以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加do如：livelivedclosecloseddancedanced末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加edo如:stopstoppedshopshoppedpreferpreferred④末尾是辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i,然后再加edo如：studystudiedtrytried(2)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如：am(is)wasareweregowentcomecametaketookhave(has)had三、一般过去时的几种句型：(1)be动词的一般过去时的句型：①肯定句结构为：主语+was/were+其它。如：Iwasathomeyesterday.Theywerereallyhappyattheparty.否定句结构为：主语+wasnot(wasn't)/werenot(weren't)+其它。如：Iwasn'tathomeyesterday.Theyweren'thappyattheparty.一般疑问句结构为：Was/Were+主语+其它？如：Wereyouathomeyesterday?Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn't.Weretheyhappyattheparty?Yes,theywere./No,theyweren't.特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词+was/were+主语+其它？如：Wherewereyoulastnight?Wewereatmyuncl'eshouse.Howwasyourweekend?Itwasgreat.(2)实义动词的一般过去时的句型：肯定句结构为：主语+动词的过去式+其它。如：Hewenttothetoystoreyesterday.Wetooksomepicturesinthepark.否定句结构为：主语+didnot(didn't)+动词原形+其它。如：Hedidn'tgotothetoystoreyesterday.Wedidn'ttakeanypicturesinthepark.③一般疑问句结构为：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？如：DidyougotoBeijinglastweek?Yes,Idid./No,Ididn't.Didhemeetthebusinessmanbefore?No,hedidn't./Yes,hedid.特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？如：Whatdidyoudolastnight?Ididmyhomework.Wheredidyougolastweek?IwenttoShanghaiwithmyparents.Exercises:一、按要求完成下列句子：Thechildrenarehavingagoodtimeinthepark.(用lastSunday改写)Thechildrenagoodtimeinthepark.LastweekIreadanEnglishbook.(改为否定句)LastweekIanEnglishbook.Therewereaboutninehundredpeopleattheconcert.否定句：一般疑问句：对划线部分提问：Therewasonlyoneproblem.否定句：一般疑问句：对划线部分提问：Anndidherhomeworkyesterdayevening.否定句：一般疑问句：对划线部分提问：Mybrotherwasintheparkjustnow.否定句：一般疑问句：对划线部分提问：Shehadsomebreadforlunchtoday.否定句：一般疑问句：对划线部分提问：二、用动词的适当形式填空：1.I(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend.she(practice)herguitaryesterday?No,she■WhatTom(do)lastSa