动词的时与体课件

动词的时、体、态、式概说

时（tense)体（aspect）态（voice）式（mood）next1.动词的时和体时tense——表示时间区别的动词形式现代英语只有现在时和过去时体aspect——动作在一定时间内处于何种状态的动词形式，有两种：进行体（progressiveaspect）完成体（perfectiveaspect）时和体相互结合，组成英语中的8种时、体形式

nextSimplepresentSimplepastPresentprogressivePastprogressivenextPresentperfectivePastperfectivePresentperfectiveprogressivePastperfectiveprogressive3.陈述句、祈使句、虚拟式式（mood）/语气：区别说话人以何种口气说话的动词形式

陈述式indicativemood祈使式imperativemood虚拟式subjunctivemoodnextSimplepresentTheearthrotatesonitsaxis.Healwayssleepswithhiswindowsopen.What’sthematterwithyou?Youlookpale.HarperpassestheballtoJennings;Jenningsshootsandthegoalkeeperleapsforitbut---yes,it’sagoal.Ihopeshelikestheflower.Ibetitrainstomorrow.I’llseetoitthatyoudon’tgetlost.Ifitisfinetomorrow,we’llgotothecountryside.Alicetellsmeyou’reenteringcollegenextyear.nextSimplepastHelefttenminutesago.Inthosedaystheysowedwheatbyhand.HelivedinShanghaifor20years.HehaslivedinShanghaifor20years.A:Didyouwantme?B:Yes,Iwonderedifyoucouldgivemesomehelp.6.It’stimeyouhadaholiday.7.Iwishyoulivedclosertous.8.IfonlyIwererich.9.IfIhadthemoneynow,I’dbuyacar.nextTheFarmerandtheDonkeyOnedayafarmer’sdonkeyfelldownintoawell.Theanimalcriedpiteouslyforhoursasthefarmertriedtofigureoutwhattodo.Finallyhedecidedtheanimalwasoldandthewellneededtobecoveredupanywayanditjustwasn’tworthittoretrievethedonkey.Heinvitedallhisneighbourstocomeoverandhelphim.Theyallgrabbedashovelandbegantoshoveldirtintothewell.Atfirst,thedonkeyrealizedwhatwashappeningandcriedhorribly.Then,toeveryone’samazement,hequieteddown.Afewshovelloadslater,thefarmerfinallylookeddownthewellandwasastonishedatwhathesaw.WitheveryshovelofdirtthathithisnextRememberthefivesimplerulestobehappy:Freeyourheartfromhatred.Freeyourmindfromworries.Livesimply.Givemore.Expectless.nextThevisitBecky’sgrandsonandhiswifearecomingtovisitherforthefirsttime.Sosheisgivinghimthedirectionstoherflat.“YoucometothefrontdooroftheGoldersGreenblockofflats.Iaminflatnumber32onthe14thfloor.Atthefrontdoor,you’llseeabigpanelofbuttons.Withyourelbowpushbutton32.Iwillbuzzyouin.Comeinside,theliftisontheright.Getin,andwithyourelbowhit14.Whenyougetout,Iamontheleft.Withyourelbow,hitmydoorbell.”“Grandma,thatsoundseasybutwhyamIhittingallthesebuttonswithmyelbow?”“You’recomingemptyhanded?”nextPastprogressivevs.simplepast1.Theywerebuildingadamlastwinter.Theybuiltadamlastwinter.Itrainedallnight.Itwasrainingallnight.Whenwearrived,shewasmakingsomefreshcoffee.Whenwearrived,shemadesomefreshcoffee.WhileIwasdictatingalettertomysecretary,mywiferang.nextMyHusbandWillbeHomeSoonAmarriedmanwasvisitinghis“girlfriend”whensherequestedthatheshavehisbeard.“Oh,James,Ilikeyourbeard,butIwouldreallylovetoseeyourhandsomeface.”Jamesreplied,“Mywifelovesthisbeard,Icouldn’tpossiblydoit,shewouldkillme!”“Oh,please!”thegirlfriendaskedagain,inasexylittlevoice.“Oh,really,Ican’t,”hereplied.“Mywifelovesthisbeard.”

nextMyHusbandWillbeHomeSoonThegirlfriendaskedoncemore,andhesighedandfinallygavein.ThatnightJamescrawledintobedwithhiswifewhileshewassleeping.Thewifewasawakenedsomewhat,felthisfaceandreplied,“Oh,Michael,youshouldn’tbehere,myhusbandwillbehomesoon.”nextPresentperfective已完成用法：动作或过程发生在说话之前，现在已经完成，并与现在的情况有联系：He’sturnedoffthelight.未完成用法：动作或状态从过去某时开始，继续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。He’slivedheresince1960.nextPresentperfectiveprogressive与现在完成体的“未完成”用法相仿I’vebeenwritinglettersforanhour.现在完成（进行）体与过去时用法比较：HehaslivedinChinafortenyears.HelivedinChinafortenyears.next过去完成体的想象性用法：表示与过去事实相反的主观设想用于由if,ifonly,asif引导的分句中Ifonlyyouhadtoldmebefore.2.用于Iwish,I’drather等结构后面的that-分句中IwishIhadsaidthatIcouldn’tcome3.用于expect,think,intend,mean(=intend),want,suppose等动词表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图。Ihadintendedtomakeacake,butIranoutoftime.next在I