(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists (含答案)

Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．choleran．霍乱2．diarrhoean．腹泻3．dehydrationn．脱水4．contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的5．germn．微生物；细菌；病菌6．pumpn．泵；抽水机；打气筒7．waterpump水泵8．householdn．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人9．rawadj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的10．statisticn．[pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学11．epidemiologyn．流行病学12．microscopen．显微镜13．proteinn．蛋白质14．celln．细胞；小房间；单间牢房15．virusn．病毒16．frameworkn．框架；结构17．theoreticalframework理论框架18．rainbown．彩虹19．concreten．混凝土adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的20．plasman．血浆21．vaccinen．疫苗22．aerospacen．航空航天工业23．patrioticadj.爱国的24．mechanicaladj.机械的；发动机的；机器的25．mechanicn．机械师；机械修理工26．aviationn．航空制造业；航空；飞行27．jetn．喷气式飞机28．missilen．导弹29．astronomern．天文学家30．astronomyn．天文学31．telescopen．望远镜32．QueenVictoria维多利亚女王(英国女王)33．Cambridge剑桥(英国城市)34．non-Newtonianfluid非牛顿流体35．StephenHawking史蒂芬·霍金(英国物理学家)Ⅱ.记重点单词1．severeadj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的2．subscribevi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)3．suspectvt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象4．blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n．责备；指责5．handlen．把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)；(用手)触碰6．linkn．联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来；相关联7．decreasen．减少；降低；减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低8．transformvt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变9．thinkingn．思想；思维；见解10．findingn．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决11．initialadj.最初的；开始的；第一的12．solidadj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的n．固体13．castvt.(cast，cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷14．shadown．阴影；影子；背光处15．pourvt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)16．leadershipn．领导；领导地位；领导才能17．tracevt.追溯；追踪；查出n．痕迹；遗迹；踪迹18．outstandingadj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的19．abstractadj.抽象的；理性的n．(文献等的)摘要20．conceptn．概念；观念21．besidesprep.除……之外(还)adv.而且；此外22．brilliantadj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的23．furthermoreadv.此外；再者24．faultn．弱点；过错25．shiftn．改变；转换；轮班vi.&vt.转移；挪动；转向Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．frustratedadj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustratevt.使懊恼；使沮丧→frustrationn．沮丧；懊恼；挫败2．infectionn．感染；传染→infectvt.使感染；传染→infectiousadj.感染的；传染的3．proofn．证据；证明；检验→provevt.证明linkv．证明是4．multipleadj.数量多的；多种多样的→multiplyvi.&vt.乘；繁殖5．interventionn．介入；出面；干涉→intervenevi.干扰；介入6．pureadj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purelyadv.完全地；纯粹地→purifyvt.净化；使……洁净7．substantialadj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的→substancen．物质；物品；事实基础；根据8．defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defencen．防御；保卫；保护9．assistantn．助理；助手→assistvt.&vi.帮助；协助→assistancen．帮助；协助；援助10．giftedadj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→giftn．礼物；天赋11．steadyadj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→steadilyadv.稳定地；持续地12．vividadj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→vividlyadv.生动地；逼真地；鲜明地Ⅳ.背核心短语1．onceandforall最终地；彻底地2．subscribeto同意；赞同3．thanksto幸亏；由于4．breakout(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发5．inchargeof主管；掌管6．comedown患(病)；染上(小病)7．aboveall最重要的是；尤其是8．diefrom死于9．intime及时；迟早10．belikelytodosth.很可能做某事1．idiomn．习语；成语2．ignorevt.忽视3．illegaladj.非法的；不合法的4．immediatelyadv.立即5．immigrationn．移民6．importvt.&n．进口；输入7．impressionn．印象；感觉8．incorrectadj.不正确的；错误的1．Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome.(until引导的时间状语从句)在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。2．Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.(so...that...)他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。3．Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.(that引导的宾语从句)斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。4．Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.(Itseemedthat...似乎……)该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。5．Accordingly，hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.(havesth.done)因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。6．Mostpeoplearefamiliarwithimagesofhiminhiswheelchair，unabletomoveandusingacomputertotalk.(形容词短语作状语)大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹，只能通过电脑来说话的样子。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。eq\x(blame，inchargeof，link，comedown，handle，decrease)SincethesevereCOVID-19brokeout，manypeopleallovertheworldhavebeeninfected.Chineseoutstanding，giftedandpatrioticspecialistsinepidemiologyandtheirassistantshavebeen1.inchargeoftracingthesourceofthevirusinordertodefendmorepeoplefrombeingkilled.Theydesiredtoproducevaccineto2.handlethedeadlydiseaseonceandforall.Initially，withconcreteproofcollected，theysuspectedthatwildbatswereto3.blame.Butbyobservingtheviruswithmicroscopes，theygatheredsolidandmultiplestatisticsandmasteredtheframeworkofthevirus，whichgraduallytransformedtheirinitialthinking.Allthefindingsmadethemsubscribetotheideathattheviruswasnotdirectly4.linkedtothebats，whichmadethebrilliantexpertsfrustrated.Thisalsocastashadowontheexperts，sotheyhadtoshifttowardshowtopreventthevirusfromspreadingamongpeople.Aboveall，thelesswegoout，edownwiththedeadlydisease.Furthermore，takinginmoreproteinandeatingmorevegetablesaregoodchoicesaswell.Lastbutnotleast，whatweshoulddoisthatwemustwearmasksoutdoors.Thankstotheseinterventions，thethreatofCOVID-19inChinasawasubstantial6.decrease.Whatwehaveexperiencedhastaughtustoleadahealthylifesuchasdrinkingpureorboiledwaterandavoidrawfoods.Inconclusion，underourmotherland’sleadership，wehaveachievedsteadysuccess，tearsofhappinesspouringdownourcheeks.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n．指责；责备•betoblame(forsth.)(对某事)负有责任，应受责备blamesb.forsth.因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事•taketheblame承担过错(1)Furthermore，thebossblamedthemistakeonhisassistant.(2)I’mnotgoingtositaroundandtaketheblameforamistakehemade.(3)当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于其他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也负有责任。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责其他人。(话题写作之人际交往)Whengettingalongwithothers，weshouldn’talwaysblameothersformistakes.Afterall，manytimeswearealsotoblame.Soinsteadofblamingothers，weshouldcommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers’place.defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解[defenc(s)en．防御；保卫；保护]•defend...against/from(doing...)保护……免受……defendoneself自卫；为自己辩护•indefence(of)保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护inone’sdefence为某人辩护(1)Thelawallowspeopletodefendthemselvesfrom/againstacharge.(2)Theassistantsteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhandsasifindefence.(3)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(读后续写之肢体动作描写)①Seeingthefiercesnake，herushedtodefendhissonlikeanarrow.(defend)②Seeingthefiercesnake，herushedindefenceofhissonlikeanarrow.(defence)comedown(with...)染上；得了(……病)；患(病)comeacross(偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解comeabout发生(无被动形式)comeon加油；到来；得了吧comeout出版；结果是；(花)开放comeup走近；上来；被提出comeupwith提出；想出(主意、计划、回答等)whenitcomesto...当谈及……用come的相关短语填空(1)Aboveall，tellmehowtheaccidentcameaboutimmediately.(2)Myassistant’sfirstnovelcameout，whichmademeproudofhim.(3)Shecamedownwiththissummerflueveryone’sgettingandwenthomebeforeIgotin.(4)WhenitcomestoEnglishlearning，Ihavethefollowingpracticalsuggestionstoshare.Firstly，whenyoucomeacrossunfamiliarwords，don’talwaysrefertothedictionary.Furthermore，whenteachers’questionscomeupinclass，youshouldtrytocomeupwithanswers.Lastly，ifyoufail，youmustsaytoyourself，“Comeon！”(应用文写作之建议信)aboveall最重要的是；首先；尤其是afterall毕竟；终究firstofall首先；第一allinall整体说来；总而言之inall全部；合计atall(否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟用all的相关短语填空(1)TheuniversityIrecommendtoyouisBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversity.Firstofall/Aboveall，you’dbetterlearnsomebasicChinesebeforeyoucome.Afterall，youwillbeundercompletelyunfamiliarcircumstances.Allinall，studyingforadegreeinadifferentcultureisnoteasyatall.(应用文写作之推荐信)(2)Thankstoyourtimelyandgeneroushelp，Imanagedtohandlethefourproblemsinall.Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。•画线部分是由until引导的时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定形式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。•倒装结构：部分倒装“Notuntil＋时间状语从句或短语＋谓语助动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。•强调结构：Itis/wasnotuntil＋时间状语从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。(1)我将一直在农场工作直到我挣到足够的钱帮助爸爸买辆新拖拉机。(2021·6月浙江，读后续写)IwouldkeepworkingonthefarmuntilIearnedenoughmoneytohelpmyfatherbuyanewtractor.(2)直到我经历了这场事故，我才意识到坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。(读后续写之升华句)①Iwasn’tawarethatbadfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopeneduntilIexperiencedtheaccident.(not...until)②NotuntilIexperiencedtheaccidentwasIawarethatbadfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopened.(倒装句)③ItwasnotuntilIexperiencedtheaccidentthatIwasawarethatbadfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopened.(强调句)Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。so/such...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。•so...that...句型的常见形式：so＋adj./adv.＋that...so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(单数)＋that...so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...•such...that...句型的常见形式：such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(单数)＋that...such＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...•当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。(1)Itisnormalforsuchlittleboystoeatsolittlefood，sodon’tblamethem.(2)他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉舌头打结，手心出汗。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)①Hewassonervousthathefelthistonguetiedandpalmssweating.②Sonervouswashethathefelthistonguetiedandpalmssweating.(用倒装句改写)(3)你取得了如此巨大的进步，所以我专门写信祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信)Youhavemadesuchgreatprogress，soIamspeciallywritingtocongratulateyou.Accordingly，hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。havesth.done使某事被做；请人做某事；主语遭遇到某事havesb.dosth.让某人做某事havesb./sth.doingsth.让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态can’thavesb.doingsth.不能容忍某人做某事havesth.todo有某事要做(1)我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)Webegantohelppickpeachesandthenhadthemdeliveredtothefarmers’houses.(2)我们班主任不能容忍我们浪费时间。即使我们已完成作业，他也总是让我们阅读经典来开阔我们的视野。Ourheadteachercan’thaveuswastingourtime.Evenifwehavefinishedourhomework，healwayshasusreadclassicstowidenourhorizons.(3)我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。(应用文写作之道歉信)Iamterriblysorryforhavingyouwaitingformeforsolong，becauseIhadanurgentthingtoattendtojustnow.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．handleeq\x(A.vt.处理B.v.操纵C.n.把手D.vt.用手触、碰、拿)(1)Don’thandlethevaseasifitweremadeofsteel.D(2)Drivingacarisnotjusthandlingcontrolsandjudgingspeedanddistance.B(3)TeainChinawastraditionallydrunkfromcupswithouthandles.C(4)Wemustlearntohandleconflictscalmlyandwisely.A2．subscribeeq\x(A.订阅B.赞成；同意C.捐助)(1)Hesubscribestotheviewthatwecantacklethesevereprobleminthiswayonceandforall.B(2)Thisistheschooltheoutstandingandpatrioticscientistsubscribedtogenerouslyinthepast.C(3)UsingthemoneyIearnedintheholiday，Ihavesubscribedtomultiplemagazinesrecently.A3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)Theresearchlackssolidproof，andtherefore，itsconclusionsaredoubtful.可靠的(2)It’smyturntobeonthenightshift.轮班(3)Hereadthroughthepapersandmadeanabstractoftheircontents.摘要Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Tabletennisissuchaninterestinggamethatpeopleallovertheworldplayit.2．Ihavetosayinhisdefencebecausehe，anhonestman，won’tstealanythinginthegrocerystore.3．Inreality，themechanicmadeaseveremistake，shifting(shift)nervouslyfromonefoottoanother.(读后续写之紧张心理描写)4．Itwasthegifted(gift)girlthatcameupwithsuchagoodidea.5．IwasovercomewithsadnessbecauseIwassuspected(suspect)ofstealinghismoney.6．Heconstantlyfindsfaultwithme，butIwon’tyieldtohim.7．Theoutstandingastronomerwhodevotedhimselftohiscareercamedownwithasevereillness.8．Ientirelybelievethatyouarenotlinkedto/withwhathadhappenedjustnow.9．Iconvincedthemtosubscribetomyplan，butlatertheychangedtheirminds.10．Inasense，weshouldblamethepresentterribleenvironmentonhuman’soverconsumption.Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练道歉信——丢失词典1．我非常抱歉，在回家的路上弄丢了你的词典。(havesth.done)I’msorrytohaveyour