Unit 2 基础知识整理讲义-高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

新人教版book5unit2基础知识整理（选择性必修二）知识清单1.complexadj复杂的(=complicated);复合的n[C]综合楼群;综合体;联合企业complexityn[U]&[C]错综复杂(的事物)2.qualificationn.(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格;学历acquire/gain/get/obtain/have/holdqualifications获得/取得/得到/拿到/拥有/持有资格thequalificationsfor/todosth有...的资格qualifyvt.＆vi.(使)具备资格;(使)有资格qualifysbforsth使某人具有…的资格qualifysb./oneselftodosth.使某人/自己有资格做某事qualifiedadj.有资格的bequalifiedtodosth.有资格做某事3.ambitionn.野心;雄心;抱负Untilallisoverambitionneverdies.不到黄河心不死。ambitiontodosth/ambitionofdoingsth做某事的雄心ambitiousadj有抱负的;野心勃勃的4.adaptationn适应;改编本makeanadaptationto...适应...theadaptationofhisbook他的书的改编本adaptv.(使)适应，(使)适合改编，改写(剧本等)adaptto适应/适合

adaptoneselfto使某人自己适应/适合adaptAforB把A改编成BadaptAfromB由B改编成Aadaptableadj.能适应环境的;适应力强的5.comfortvt&n(1)vt.安慰;抚慰(2)n.安慰;令人感到安慰的人或事物;舒服;comfortsb.＝givecomforttosb.安慰某人comfortsb.withsth用某物安慰某人feelcomforted感到很安慰Itbeacomforttodosth.做…是件令人安慰的事incomfort舒适地givecomforttosb.安慰某人comfortableadj.舒适的；comfortablyadv.舒适地;comfortzone舒适地带6.participatein参加;参与(近义:takepartin)participatevi. 参加；参与participatein(doing)sth.withsb.与某人一起参加/参与做某事participatewithsb.insth. 与某人分担某事participantn.参与者participationn.参加;ashowwithlotsof

audienceparticipation

观众热烈参与的演出7.presentationn.报告;陈述;出示;拿出;陈列:上演;演出;(颁奖等)仪式;典礼make/giveapresentation做一个简短介绍giveapresentationof对……作陈述makeapresentationto为……颁发奖品presentadj.目前的，现在的(前置定语)/出席的，到场的(后置定语)cn.礼物;un目前,现在thepresentsituation目前的形势thepeoplepresent在场的人bepresentat...出席...atpresent目前，现在abirthdaypresent生日礼物presentv.颁发，赠送，展示;呈现;陈述;报告presentsth.tosb==presentsb.withsth.向某人赠送某物presenttheprize颁奖8.engagevi.参加;参与(活动)vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)engagein参加beengagedin...忙于……beengagedtosb.与某人订婚engagesb.’sinterest/attention吸引某人的兴趣/注意力engagesb.todosth.聘请某人做某事engagesbas...聘请某人为……engagementn.参加,参与9.involvev包含;需要:沙及:影响:(使)参加involvedoingsth.包括做某事involvesb/oneself.insth./doingsth.使某人参与(做)某事beinvolvedin参与;参加...be/getinvolvedwithsb.与某人有关involvedadj.参与的;卷入的；involvementn.参加;参与;涉及;牵连10.editionn.[C]版;版本;版次editv.编辑editorn.编者，编辑11.motivatev.使有动力;激发;激励motivatedadj积极的;主动的；有动机的motivationn①[U]积极性;动力②[C]动机;诱因12.advisorn.顾问；指导教师；劝告者advisev.劝告，建议advisedoingsth建议做某事advisesbtodosth建议某人做某事advise(that)sb(should)dosth建议某人做某事(that宾从使用虚拟语气)advicen.劝告，建议【不可数名词】13.reasonableadj.①有道理的;合情理的②(价钱)公道的(=fair)③[常用于名词前]尚好的;过得去的reasonn.原因，理由v.推理，逻辑思考；推论出，推断出；对（某人）以理相劝，劝告forthisreason为此；由于这个原因reasonwithsb规劝某人；与某人评理reasonablyadv有理地;合理地14.expectationn.期待;预期;期望come/liveupto/meet/answersb'sexpectations不负某人所望beyond(sb's)expectation(s)出乎(某人)意料地expectv.期待；预计expecttodosth期待/期望去做某事expectsbtodosth期待/期望某人去做某事15.applicantn.申请人asuccessfulapplicant一个成功的申请者applyvi.申请;适用，vt.应用，运用;涂，敷，致力于;专心于apply(tosb.)for....(向某人)申请apply....to.....把……应用于...把...敷到...applyto适用于....applyoneselfto专心于=beappliedtodoingsthapplicationn.[C，U]应用;用途;申请(书)appliedadj.实用的;应用的16.firmn.[C](合伙)商行;(小型的)公司(=business/company)adj.①坚硬的;牢固的;稳固的②坚定的;坚决的;强有力的adv.稳固地;坚定地anelectronics/anadvertising/alawfirm电子公司/广告公司/律师事务所holdfirmto...坚持/坚守...firmlyadv.坚固地，牢固地；强而有力地；坚决地17.exposevt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境)expose...to...使…显露于/暴露于/接触到…beexposedto...暴露于……；处于……危险中exposuren.接触；体验；暴露；揭露exposedadj.无遮蔽的；不遮挡风雨的；无保护的；易受攻击的18.departuren.启程;离开;出发;背离【反arrival】thedeparturetime出发时间adeparturefromnormalpractice对常规做法的偏离departv.离开19.graspv.①抓住;紧握②理解;领会graspsb'smeaning理解某人的意思n.①紧抓;紧握;控制②(对知识等的)理解;领会(=understanding)haveafirmgraspon...抓紧...;握紧...20.dramaticadj.①戏剧的;戏剧性的②突然的③给人印象深刻的thedramaticarts戏剧艺术adramaticincrease剧增adramaticvictory激动人心的胜利draman.剧本，戏剧dramaticallyadv突然地;戏剧地;引人注目地21.expensen.支出;费用;代价sparenoexpense不惜一切代价householdexpenses家庭开支。atsb'sexpense由某人付费/负担费用attheexpenseof...以...为代价expensiveadj.昂贵的22.behavevt.表现＆vi.表现得体;有礼貌behavewell/badlyto/towardssb.对待某人好/不好behaveoneself守规矩;举止得体behaviour/behaviorn.举止;行为good/badbehaviour良好/恶劣行为23.surroundingadj.[只用于名词前]周围的(=nearby)thesurroundingscenery四周的风景surroundingsn[用复数]周围的事物;环境(=environment)surroundv.围绕，环绕besurroundedwith/by...被...围绕24.depressv.①[正式用语]将(某物)压下;推下;拉下②使抑郁;使沮丧;使消沉③使萧条;削弱depressedadj.感到忧愁/沮丧的depressingadj.令人忧愁/沮丧的depressionn.抑郁，沮丧；萧条（期），不景气25.strengthenv.加强;巩固【反义词】weaken（使）变弱，削弱strongadj.坚强的；强壮的；牢固的；擅长的stronglyadv.强有力地；坚强地；激烈地；气味浓地strengthn.力量；力气；兵力；长处26.denyv.①否认;否定②拒绝承认;拒绝接受;拒绝给予denydoingsth他否认做了某事denysbsth/denysthtosb拒绝给予某人某物27.optimisticadj.乐观的;抱乐观看法的haveanoptimisticattitudetowards...对...持乐观态度beoptimisticabout...对...积极乐观pessimisticadj.悲观的，悲观主义的28.gain①vt(使)获得;赢得②获(益)③增加④(钟、表等走得)快n.①[C]好处;利益;U]利润②增加gainadegree获得学位gainadvantagesfrom...从...获得好处gainconfidence渐渐有了信心gainground变得更强大/更成功/更有效;逼近againinearnings收入的增加29.competencen.能力;胜任=abilitycompetentadj.胜任的；有能力的；能干的；足够的Becompetentof=becapableof能够30.cooperatev.合作;协作;配合cooperatewith...与...合作cooperationn[U]合作;协作31.sincerelyadv.真诚地;诚恳地(yours)sincerely=sincerely(yours)[用于正式信件末尾]敬上;谨上sincereadj.衷心的，诚挚的；（人）真诚的，诚恳的sincerityn.真实，诚挚32.logicaladj.符合逻辑的;合乎情理的logicn.逻辑，（做某事的）道理；推理方法logicallyadv.逻辑上；合乎逻辑33.speakup大声点说；明确表态speakfor代表……讲话；为……辩护speakone'smind说出心里话speakwell/illof表扬/批评speakhighlyof高度评价34.feelathome舒服自在；不拘束beathome觉得安适；无拘束feel/beathomewithsb. 和某人合得来behomefree稳操胜券，遥遥领先seesb.home送某人回家35.insummary总的来说;总之summaryn.总结，概要adj.总结性的，概括的summarizev.总结，概述sumn.金额，款项；算术；总数，总和v.概括，总结；求……的和重点句型1.Itis/wasthefirsttimethat...(教材原文)ItwasthefirsttimethatshehadleftChina.这是她第一次离开中国。that引导的定语从句的时态必须用完成时:如果主句中的be动词是is,从句用现在完成时;如果主句中的be动词是was,从句用过去完成时。该句型中的It可以根据语境换成This或That①Itistime(forsb.)todosth.到了(某人)做某事的时候了②Itis(high)timethatsb.did/shoulddosth.到了某人该做某事的时候了③thefirst/second/...time＋从句第一/二/……次……(引导时间状语从句)2.thefirsttime(that)．..第一次……时(教材原文)Thefirsttimethatshehadtowriteanessay，hertutorexplainedthatshemustacknowledgewhatotherpeoplehadsaidifshecitedtheirideas，butthathemainlywantedtoknowwhatshethought!她第一次写论文时，导师跟她解释说，如果引用别人的观点就一定要注明，不过导师主要是想知道她自己是怎么想的！名词性短语thefirsttime(that)在此作连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“第一次……时”。ThefirsttimeIsawher，sheworearedskirt.我第一次见到她时，她穿着一条红裙子。

巩固练习

词形转换

1.qualificationn.资格；学历→vi.&vt._________(使)具备资格________有资格的2.ambitionn.野心，抱负→________________adj.有野心的，有抱负的3.participationn.参加；参与→_______________vi.→_____________n.参加的人员4．motivatevt.激发，激励→___________n.动力，积极性→_________adj.积极的，主动的5.departvt.离开→_________________n.离开6.exposevt.使接触;暴露→________n.接触；体验；暴露；揭露7.surroundvt.包围，围绕→_____________adj.周围的；附近的→_____________n.环境8.depressedadj.沮丧的；意志消沉的→_______________.vt.使沮丧；使忧愁9.competencen.能力，胜任→_______________adj.有能力的，能胜任的10.adaptv适应；改编→_____________n.适应；改编11.comfortn.安慰；舒服v安慰→_____________adj舒适的→_______________adv舒适地12.applyv申请；敷→____________n.申请人→___________n.申请→_________adj应用的13.expectv期望→_____________n.期望；期待→_____________adj预料到的重要短语1.____________幸亏，由于，因为 2.___________________通常，大体上；总的来说3.________________处理，料理；接待4._________________产仔；诞生，出现5.______________履行，实施，执行 6.__________________________开始做某事7._____________________参加;参与8._____________________“一带一路”倡议9.______________________据我所知10.________________________就我而言;依我看来11.__________________总的来说;总之12.____________________一般来说13.__________________(使)从事;参与14.____________________参与；卷入:...有关联15.____________________大声点说:明确表态16._____________________舒服自在:不拘束17.___________________舒适范围

单句语法填空1.Adramatic__________(present)ofthetopicnomorethan10minuteslong.2.Congratulationstoyouonyour______(qualify)fortheWorldCupFootballChampionship!3.ItwasthefirsttimethatI_________(see)suchamovingmovie.4.Mybrother’splansarevery______(ambition);hewantstomasterEnglishandFrenchbeforeheissixteen.5.I’mgoingtoaskeachofyoutomakeashort______(present)onwhatyousaw.6.Thereisconvincingevidencethatskincancerislinkedto______(expose)tothesun.7.I'lltalktothem，butIwon'tfeel____________(comfort)aboutit.8..Ifastudentlacksthe______(motivate)tostudy,hewillquicklybecometiredofstudying.9..Itislikelythatourparentscanunderstandusbetterandgiveussome______(reason)advice.10.Believethat_________(engage)inviolenceagainstthestateisnotimmoral.11..Theadvertisementforengineersinthelocalpaperattractedmany______(apply).12.Thebookdescribedthe___________(adapt)ofdesertspeciestothehotconditions.13.Theyhadreceivednonewsofhimsincehis______(depart)fromtheisland.14.Theyinvitedtheworldtoparticipate_________aninternationalexposition.15..I______(firm)believethatitwillbeasuccessandwewillenjoyourselves.16.There’sno______(deny)thatquickeractioncouldhavesavedthem.17.Nomatterwhatyouliketodo，thereisawaytogetinvolved__________variousactivitiesonEarthDay.18.AsfarasI__________(concern),notonlydoesoutdoorexercisegetusclosetonaturebutitalsogivesusrelaxationfromheavyschoolwork.19.Weall