考研考博-英语-中国医科大学考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国医科大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

JamesJoycewasanIrishnovelistwhorevolutionizedthemethodsofdepictingcharactersanddevelopingaplotinmodernfiction.Hisastonishingwayof（1）anovel,hisfrankportrayalofhuman

（2）

inhisbooks,andhiscompletecommandofEnglishhave

（3）

himoneoftheoutstandinginfluencesonliteratureinthe20thcentury.Many

（4）

judgethatheissecondonlytoShakespeareinhis

（5）

oftheEnglishlanguage.JoycewasdeeplyinfluencedbyIrelandand

（6）

allhisbooksaboutDublin.

WhenhewasinDublinCollege,he

（7）

languagesandspenthissparetimereadingbooks.He

（8）

totakepartinthenationalist

（9）

likehisfellowstudents,buthebecame

（10）

interestedinliterature.Hewroteoutspoken

（11）

ofliterarycriticismthatshockedhisteachersandeventaughthimselfNorwegiansothathecouldreadIbsen’sworksinthe

（12）.

Whenhegraduatedin1902,he

（13）

hewouldbecomeawriterandan

（14）

,becausehefelthecouldnotbeone

（15）

theother.Inordertopreservehisidealofwriting

（16）

,fully,andasobjectivelyasheknewhow,

（17）

thepeopleandplacesheknewbest,hehadtoescapefromall

（18）

tobecomeinvolvedinpopular

（19）

orpubliclife.HewenttoFrance,ItalyandSwitzerland,wherehelivedin

（20）

andobscurityforthefirst20years,onlyreturningtoIrelandwhenhismotherwasdying.Exceptforacoupleofbrieftrips,hestayedabroadallhislife.

问题1选项

A.investigating

B.constructing

C.depicting

D.experiencing

问题2选项

A.nature

B.method

C.surrounding

D.figure

问题3选项

A.performed

B.magnified

C.exaggerated

D.made

问题4选项

A.wearing

B.worn

C.critics

D.takingoff

问题5选项

A.mastery

B.acquisition

C.familiarity

D.acquaintance

问题6选项

A.unscripted

B.illuminated

C.documented

D.wrote

问题7选项

A.attempted

B.persuaded

C.studied

D.undertook

问题8选项

A.accepted

B.refused

C.persevered

D.admitted

问题9选项

A.movement

B.revolution

C.campaign

D.challenge

问题10选项

A.passionately

B.addicted

C.fascinated

D.unconcerned

问题11选项

A.journals

B.articles

C.argumentations

D.paintings

问题12选项

A.primary

B.artificial

C.rendered

D.original

问题13选项

A.sensed

B.knew

C.presented

D.suggested

问题14选项

A.exile

B.imprisonment

C.obtrude

D.expire

问题15选项

A.without

B.withstand

C.withdraw

D.withhold

问题16选项

A.mutably

B.truthfully

C.ephemerally

D.filially

问题17选项

A.about

B.hither

C.within

D.beneath

问题18选项

A.tabernacles

B.reiteration

C.temptations

D.reimbursement

问题19选项

A.recognition

B.publication

C.impact

D.opinion

问题20选项

A.tranquility

B.poverty

C.exhilaration

D.matriculation

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

第6题:D

第7题:C

第8题:B

第9题:A

第10题:A

第11题:B

第12题:D

第13题:B

第14题:A

第15题:A

第16题:B

第17题:A

第18题:C

第19题:D

第20题:B

【解析】（1）考查动词词义辨析。investigate“调查；研究”；construct“建造，创立”；depict“描述”；experience“经验；体验”。由anIrishnovelist与anovel可知B项符合语义。答案B。

（2）考查名词词义辨析。nature“性质”；method“方法”；surrounding“环境”；figure“数字”。由portrayal及human可知这里指代人物本性。答案A。

（3）考查动词词义辨析。perform“执行”；magnify“放大”；exaggerate“使扩大；使增大”；make“制造；形成”。由himoneoftheoutstandinginfluencesonliterature可知答案为D。

（4）考查动词及名词词义辨析。wearing“穿着”；worn“疲倦的；用旧的”；critics“评论家；吹毛求疵的人”；takingoff“测量；减退”。由judge可知C项符合题意，答案C。

（5）考查名词词义辨析。mastery“掌握”；acquisition“获得”；familiarity“熟悉”；acquaintance“熟人；知道”。由Shakespeare及theEnglishlanguage知A项正确，答案A。

（6）考查动词词义辨析。unscripted“不用稿子的”；illuminate“阐明；照亮”；document“用文件证明”；

write“书写；写信给”。由allhisbooksaboutDublin可知D项正确，答案D。

（7）考查动词词义辨析。attempt“企图，尝试”；persuade“说服；劝说”；study“学习；细察”；undertake“承担；从事”。由“inDublinCollege及“languages可知C项正确。答案C。

（8）考查动词词义辨析。accept“接受；容纳”；refuse“拒绝；抵制”；persevere“坚持；不屈不挠”；admit“承认；准许进入”。由“but”可知这里指代“拒绝参加”。答案B。

（9）考查固定搭配。movement“运动；运转”；revolution“革命；运行”；campaign“运动”；challenge“挑战；怀疑”。由历史常识“爱尔兰有反对英国统治的民族主义运动历史”及固定搭配nationalistmovement知A项符合题意。答案A。

（10）考查副词及形容词词义辨析。passionately“热情地；激昂地”；addicted“沉溺于”；fascinated“着迷的”；unconcerned“不关心的；无忧虑的”。interestedinliterature中interested为形容词，需用一个副词来修饰interested,A项符合题意。答案A。

（11）考查名词词义辨析。journal“日报，日记”；article“文章；条款”；argumentation“论证；辩论”；painting“绘画”。由wrote及ofliteraiycriticism可知B项符合题意。答案B。

（12）考查形容词词义辨析。primary“主要的；基本的”；artificial“仿造的”；rendered“已渲染的”；original“原始的；新颖的”。由eventaughthimselfNorwegian及“readIbsen’sworks可知这里指代“阅读易卜生用挪威语写的原著”，故答案D。

（13）考查动词词义辨析。sense感觉到；know“知道”；present“提出；呈现；赠送”；suggest“提议；暗示”。由hewouldbecomeawriter及becausehefelt可知B项符合题意，答案B。

（14）考查动词及名词词义辨析。exile“流放，离乡背井者”；imprisonment“监禁；坐牢”；obtrude“逼使；强迫”；expire“呼出（气体），排出”。由awriter可知这里应填名词，由此排除C项与D项；再由最后一段中“...hestayedabroadallhislife它一生待在国外”知“离乡背井者”符合，故答案A。

（15）考查介词及动词词义辨析。without“没有”；withstand“抵挡；反抗”；withdraw“撤退；撤销”；withhold“保留;抑制”。由空格前“hewouldbecomeawriterandan...”、“one”与“theother”分别指代一种身份知空格处应填一个表示“没有”意思的介词，故本题答案选项为A。

（16）考查副词词义辨析。mutably“无常地”；truthfully“诚实地”；ephemerally“短暂地”；filially“孝顺地”。由Inordertopreservehisidealofwriting及fully、asobjectivelyasheknewhow可知“诚实地”符合题意，答案B。

（17）考查介词和副词词义辨析。about关于；大约”；hither“到这里；在这里”；within“在······之内”;beneath“在······之下”。由Inordertopreservehisidealofwriting知本题答案为A。

（18）考查名词词义辨析。tabernacle“临时房屋；神龛”；reiteration“重复；重说”；temptation“引诱；诱惑物”；reimbursement“退还；赔偿”。由becomeinvolvedinpopular（

）orpubliclife可知本题答案C。

（19）考查名词词义辨析。recognition“承认，认出；公认”；publication“出版；出版物”；impact“影响”；opinion“意见，观点”。由orpubliclife可知D项正确，答案D。

（20）考查名词词义辨析。tranquility“宁静；平静”；poverty“贫穷；困难”；exhilaration“兴奋；欢欣”；matriculation“入学考试；录取入学”。由obscurity可知本题答案为B。

2.单选题

Hisconsciousnessoftheurgencyofthesituationencouragedhimtohurry.

问题1选项

A.identification

B.recognition

C.comprehension

D.awareness

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项identification“鉴定，识别（具体的，外在的可以看到信息）”；B选项recognition“识别，承认（其他人眼中是怎样的看法）”；C选项comprehension“理解，包含”；D选项awareness“意识，认识”。句意：他对形势紧急的意识促使他赶快行动。原句表达的意思是，他的意识在督促他行动，因此D选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Aweathermapisanimportanttoolforgeographers.Asuccessionofthreeorfourmapspresentsacontinuouspictureofweatherchanges.Weatherforecastersareabletodeterminethespeedofairmassesandfronts;todeterminewhetheranindividualpressureareaisdeepeningorbecomingshallowandwhetherafrontisincreasingordecreasinginintensity.Theyarealsoabletodeterminewhetheranairmassisretainingitsoriginalcharacteristicsortakingonthoseofthesurfaceoverwhichitismoving.Thus,amostsignificantfunctionofthemapistorevealasynopticpictureofconditionsintheatmosphereatagiventime.

Allstudentsofgeographyshouldbeabletointerpretaweathermapaccurately.Weathermapscontainanenormousamountofinformationaboutweatherconditionsexistingatthetimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalarea.Theyrevealinafewminuteswhatotherwisewouldtakehourstodescribe.TheUnitedStatesWeatherBureauissuesinformationaboutapproachingstorms,floods,frosts,droughts,andallclimaticconditionsingeneral.Twiceamonthitissuesa30-day“outlook”whichisaroughguidetoweatherconditionslikelytooccuroverbroadareasoftheUnitedStates.These30-dayoutlooksarebaseduponananalysisoftheupperairlevelwhichoftensetthestageforthedevelopmentofairmasses,frontsandstorms.

Considerableeffortisbeingexertedtodaytoachievemoreaccurateweatherpredictions.Withtheuseofelectronicinstrumentsandearthsatellites,enormousgainshavetakenplacerecentlyinidentifyingandtrackingstormsoverregionswhichhavebutfewmeteorologicalstations.Extensiveexperimentsarealsoinprogressforweathermodificationstudies.

1.OnecharacteristicofweathermapsNOTmentionedbytheauthorinthispassageis（

）.

2.The30-dayforecastisdeterminedbyexamining

（

）.

3.Theobservationofweatherconditionsbysatellitesisadvantageousbecauseit

（

）.

4.Atthepresenttime,experimentsarebeingconductedin（

）.

5.Aweathermapissynopticbecauseit（

）.

问题1选项

A.fronts

B.changesintemperature

C.frost

D.windspeed

问题2选项

A.dailyweathermaps

B.upperairlevels

C.satellitereports

D.changingfronts

问题3选项

A.ismodernandprofitableforthecompaniesinvolved

B.useselectronicinstrumentstomeasuretheweatheronadailybasis

C.enablesmantoeasilyaltertheweathertohisadvantageandprofit

D.givesthescientistsinformationnotobtainedreadilyotherwise

问题4选项

A.manipulatingweather

B.determiningdensityofpressuregroups

C.satellites

D.controllingstorms

问题5选项

A.summarizesagreatdealofinformation

B.appearsdaily

C.showschangingfronts

D.canbeinterpretedaccurately

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题目问的是“以下选项中哪个没在文章中被提到？”文章第一段提到“天气预报员可以确定气团和气锋……”（Weatherforecastersareabletodeterminethespeedofairmassesandfronts...）；文章第二段提到“美国国家气象局通常发布有关即将到来的暴风雨、洪水、霜冻、干旱和所有气候情况的信息”（heUnitedStatesWeatherBureauissuesinformationaboutapproachingstorms,floods,frosts,droughts,andallclimaticconditionsingeneral），由此可知，只有选项B没有被提及，符合题意。

第2题:细节事实题。题目问的是“30天的预报是由什么决定的？”文章第二段最后一句话提到“这三十天的天气预报建立在对上层空气分析的基础上，而上层空气经常为气团、气锋和暴风雨的发展创造条件”（These30-dayoutlooksarebaseduponananalysisoftheupperairlevelwhichoftensetthestageforthedevelopmentofairmasses,frontsandstorms），由此可知选项B“上层空气”符合题意。

第3题:推理判断题。题目问的是“卫星来观测天气的优势是什么？”文章最后一段提到“通过电子仪器和地球卫星，人们近年来在识别和跟踪仅有少量气象站的地区的暴风雨方面取得了很大的收获”（Withtheuseofelectronicinstrumentsandearthsatellites,enormousgainshavetakenplacerecentlyinidentifyingandtrackingstormsoverregionswhichhavebutfewmeteorologicalstations），选项D“提供给科学家们在其他方面不容易获得的信息”符合题意。

第4题:细节事实题。题目问的是“实验正在哪些方面操作？”文章最后一段最后一句话提到“大量实验正在为了气象改造而被进行着”（Extensiveexperimentsarealsoinprogressforweathermodificationstudies），因此选项A“操纵天气”符合题意。

第5题:细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么说气象图是气象学？”文章第二段提到“气象图包含着大量关于天气情况的信息，这些天气情况在观察时间存在于一个大的地理区域上”（Weathermapscontainanenormousamountofinformationaboutweatherconditionsexistingatthetimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalarea），选项A“包含很多信息”符合题意。

4.单选题

Asaclergyman’ssonhe’d______asetofmysticalbeliefsfromthecradle.

问题1选项

A.imbibed

B.abashed

C.tampered

D.reposed

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.imbibed吸收；接收B.abashed使困窘；使羞愧，使局促不安

C.tampered干扰；破坏，篡改D.reposed休息；依靠；寄托于

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句子意思“作为一名牧师的儿子，他从小就______一套神秘的信仰”可知，空格处表示“学习，接受”符合句意，四个选项中只有A项意思符合。因此，该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】作为一名牧师的儿子，他从小就接受了一套神秘的信仰。

5.单选题

Thedevicecan（）differentmeasurementsbyelectronicsmeans.

问题1选项

A.imitate

B.copy

C.mock

D.fake

【答案】A

【解析】句意:这个设备能通过电子手段来模拟不同的尺寸。

考查动词辨析。Imitate模仿,仿效,模仿(某人的讲话、举止);copy复制,抄袭;mock愚弄,嘲弄;fake捏造,假装…的样子。故A符合句意。

6.单选题

Thelaserrepresentsatruemarriagebetweenscienceandtechnologyinthatthemenwhodeviseditwere（）engineersandphysicists.

问题1选项

A.spontaneously

B.homogenously

C.instantaneously

D.simultaneously

【答案】D

【解析】句意:激光代表了科学和技术的真正结合，因为发明激光的人同时是工程师和物理学家。

考查副词辨析。spontaneously自发地；自然地；homogenously同样地；instantaneously突如其来地；即刻；simultaneously同时地。根据前半句句意可知这里表示“发明激光的人既是工程师，也是物理学家”，故选D。

7.单选题

Hesaidheismy______friendbutIdon’tthinkso.

问题1选项

A.intensive

B.onion

C.intimate

D.occasion

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项intensive“密集的”；B选项onion“洋葱，葱头”；C选项intimate“亲密的，密切的”；D选项occasion“某次，……的时候”。句意：他说他是我______的朋友，但我不这么认为。根据语境，这里形容的是我们之间的关系是怎样的，C选项intimate“亲密的，密切的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

Theelectricfandoesnotworkbecauseofthe（

）ofservice.

问题1选项

A.pause

B.break

C.interruption

D.breakdown

【答案】C

【解析】句意:由于服务中止，所以电风扇不转了。

名词辨析。Pause暂停，间歇;break停顿，间歇;interruption中止，中断;breakdown损坏，故障。根据题目前半部分的信息可知theofservice这个部分应该表示“服务中止/中断”的意思，故答案选项为C。

9.单选题

Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we______soformally.

问题1选项

A.neednothavedressedup

B.mustnothavedressedup

C.didnotneedtodressup

D.mustnotdressup

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。needn’thavedone表示本不必做某事，却做了。句意：早知道是个小型家庭聚会，我们本不必穿这么正式。因此A选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunication（）theadvertiserpaysforthemessagetobedelivered.

问题1选项

A.inwhich

B.inthisway

C.inthat

D.inorderthat

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。空格后面是一个完整的句子，不缺任何主要成分。inwhich引导定语从句，可以排除；inthisway“以······的方式”，不符合题意。inthat在句中引导原因状语从句，符合句意：广告与其他的交流方式不同，因为广告人需要为要发表的信息付费。选项C符合题意。

11.翻译题

Hewastakentothehugemedievalfortressattheharbour’smouth.Hefoundprisonlifefairlyendurable.Hiscellwasdampanddark,andthefoodwasbadandinsufficient;buthissistersoonobtainedpermissiontosendhimallthenecessariesoflifefromhome.HewaskeptinsolitaryconfinementandfailedtoobtainanyexplanationofthecauseofhisarrestNeverthelessthetranquilframeofmindinwhichhehadenteredthefortressdidnotchange.Notbeingallowedbooks,hespenthistimeinprayeranddevoutmeditation,andwaitedwithoutimpatienceforthefurthercourseofevents.

【答案】他被带进港口那个巨大的中世纪城堡里。他觉得监狱生活相当难过。他的牢房既潮湿又黑暗，食物很难吃而且吃不饱；但是他姐姐很快就获准从家里给他送来了所有的生活必需品。他被单独关押，而且没能查明逮捕他的原因。然而，他进入城堡时那种平静的心境并没有改变。由于不允许看书，他就通过祈祷和沉思度日，耐心等待事件的进一步发展。

12.单选题

Youcouldrefuseto_______yourSocialSecuritynumberexceptforSocialSecuritypurposes,whichisallthatthelawrequires.

问题1选项

A.expound

B.divulge

C.apprehend

D.unriddle

【答案】B

【解析】expound详细说明,解释;divulge泄露,暴露;apprehend领会,理解;unriddle阐明。句意：你可以拒绝透露你的社会保险号，除非是出于社会保障的目的，这是法律的规定。选项B符合句意。

13.案例题

Touristsareguilty,sowearefrequentlytold,ofanumberofcrimes:upsettingtheecologicalbalanceofMountHimalayas,parkingwadsofchewinggumunderthebenchesofmuseumsandartgalleries,wearingunsuitableT-shirtsinNotreDame,debauchingthelocalpeasantryandgenerallyloweringthetoneofeverywheretheychoosetosettheirbenightedfeet.Rarelyhasagroupofpeoplebeensowidelyreviled,andIamoneofthem.Soareyou.I'vebeenatouristinProvenceforabout15yearsnowoftenonthereceivingendofcriticismormildabusefrompeoplewhoaccusemeofhaving"ruined"theregionbywritingaboutit.Curiously,thesecomplaints,whicharesometimesoffensiveandinvariablyveryshrill,donotcomefromtheProvencethemselves,whoseemtoregardmeasafairlybenevolentoddity,butfrommyfellowtourists.

FromtheirvantagepointsinLondonorBrusselsorBoston,theydeplorewhattheysayhashappenedtoProvence.Theyknow,frominvestigationscarriedoutduringtheirbriefannualvacations,thatProvencehaschanged.Themarketsaremorecrowded,thepriceshavegoneup,therestaurantsarefull,thesunniestcafetablesaretaken,bakersrunoutofbread,waitersrunoutofpatience,thereisnowheretoparkandnobody—butnobody—canbefoundtofixaleakingpool.

MasstourisminProvencestartedmorethan2,600yearsagowiththearrivalofGreeksfromPhocea,whofoundedMarseille.Theywereacivilizinginfluenceandprovidedjobsforthelocals,andcouldthereforebedescribedasacceptabletourists.SoweretheRomans,whobuiltthemonumentsandviaductsandamphitheatersthatwestillenjoy.Thencameabadpatch,withthearrivalofVisigoths,OstrogothsandFranks.Theyamusedthemselvesbyterrifyingtheinhabitantsandravagingthecountryside.Here,perhaps,iswhereithaditsstart:thereputationoftouristsasslobs.

Aftermanyyearsofon-the-spotobservation,Iwouldliketoputinagoodwordforthismuch-malignedspecies.Theoverwhelmingmajorityofthesevisitorsareamiableandconsideratepeoplewhowantnothingmorethanquietenjoyment.TheyhavecometoProvenceforsunshineandspectacularscenery,forthefoodandthewine,forapleasantbreakfromreallife.Ofcoursetherearecrowds,particularlyinJulyandAugust,butthesetendtobeconfinedtothetownsandpostcardvillages.Forthosewhowantsolitude,beautifulandemptycountrysideisonlyashortdriveaway.

Personally,Ihaveneverfoundthetouristseasonintolerable;indeed,thereisreasontobegratefulforsomeofitseffects.Ifitweren'tforthemoneythattourismbrings,manyofthechateauxandgardensopentothepublicwouldbecomederelict;monumentswouldbelefttocrumble;manyrestaurantscouldneversurviveonlocalcustomalone;itwouldn'tbeworthputtingonconcertsorvillagefetes.Rurallifewouldbethepoorer.

Obviously,thisisnottrueeverywhere.Somepartsoftheworldhavebeensothoroughlyoverexploitedthattheyhavelostwhatevercharmtheyoncepossessed.Thisisusuallytheresultoflocalgreed;butthetourist,nottherapaciousdeveloper,getsmostoftheblame.

Thepassagebelowsummarizesthemainpointsofthepassage.Readthesummaryandthenselectthebestwordorphrasefromtheboxblowaccordingtothepassage.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

Touristsarefrequentlycriticized(1)theecologicalbalanceofMountHimalayasand(2)chewinggumunderthebenchesofmuseumandartgalleries.Theyarealsoblamedfortheir(3)whilevisitingNotreDame.MyfellowtouristshavereviledmeforhavingdestroyedProvence(4).Theyhavemadealotofcomplains(5).Forinstance,therehavebeenthebusiermarkets,higherprices,(6)restaurants,cafetablesandparkinglots,(7)emptybakeriesandimpatientwaiters.Yet,Provencebegan(8)over2,600yearsago.ThelocalswelcomedGreeks(9),andRomans(10),viaductsandamphitheaters.ButthoseofVisigoths,OstrogothsandFranksbroughtthetouristsinto(11)byterrifyingtheinhabitantsand(12).Accordingmyobservation,Iwouldliketosayafewwords(13)thosemuchblamedtourists.Mostofthemareamiableandconsiderate,andtheycamemostlytothetownsandpostcardvillagesinProvenceinJulyandAugustjustforsunshine,(14),thefood,thewine,apleasantbreakfromreallife.IbelieveProvencehasbeen(15)totourism(16)thechateaux,gardensandmonuments,and(17)concertsandvillagefetesinthedistricts.Butusuallythetouristis(18)theblame(19)and(20)insomepartsoftheworld.

A.spectacularscenery

B.fortheholdingof

C.nottomention

D.grateful

E.thesmearingof

F.basedontheirownperspectives

G.itsmassivetourism

H.bywritingaboutit

I.ravagingthecountryside

J.fortheirspoilageof

K.shouldered

L.fortheoverexploitation

M.amiableandconsiderate

N.highoccupancyof

O.forthesurvivalof

P.thelostcharm

Q.poorbehavior

R.forthemonuments

S.disrepute

T.fortheircivilizinginfluence

【答案】1.J

2.E

3.Q

4.H

5.F

6.N

7.C

8.G

9.T

10.R

11.S

12.I

13.M

14.A

15.D

16.O

17.B

18.K

19.L

20.P

【解析】1.根据第一段的第一句“...upsettingtheecologicalbalanceofMountHimalayas.”游客经常被批评，因为破坏了喜马拉雅山的生态平衡。所以，填空处为“fortheirspoilageof”，指损坏，糟蹋。

2.根据第一段的第一句“...parkingwadsofchewinggumunderthebenchesofmuseumsandartgalleries.”在博物馆和艺术画廊的长椅下放口香糖。所以，空格处应填"thesmearingof”，指弄脏。

3.根据“wearingunsuitableT-shirtsinNotreDame.”可知，空格处应填“poorbehavior”，指不雅的行为。

4.根据第一段的倒数第二句“I'vebeenatouristinProvence...having"ruined"theregionbywritingaboutit.”我在普罗旺斯做了大约15年的游客，现在经常受到一些人的批评或轻微的辱骂，他们指责我通过写有关普罗旺斯的文章“毁了”这个地区。所以,空格处应填“bywritingaboutif”。

5.根据第一段的最后一句可知,他们的抱怨不是来自于普罗旺斯人,而是基于游客自己的观点。所以,空格处应填”basedontheirownperspectives”。

6.根据第二段的第三句“Themarketsaremorecrowded,thepriceshavegoneup,therestaurantsarefull,thesunniestcafetablesaretaken,...”市场更加拥挤，物价上涨，餐馆客满，阳光最充足的咖啡馆也挤满了人。所以,空格处应填“highoccupancyof"。

7.根据第二段的内容可知,市场更加拥挤,物价上涨,餐馆客满,阳光最充足的咖啡馆也挤满了人，更不用说卖空了的面包店和不耐烦的服务员。nottomention指更不用说。

8.根据第三段的第一句“MasstourisminProvencestartedmorethan2,600yearsago...”可知，填空处应填“itsmassivetourism”。

9.根据第三段的第二句“Theywereacivilizinginfluenceandprovidedjobsforthelocals,andcouldthereforebedescribedasacceptabletourists.”希腊人受到当地人的欢迎是因为他们对文明产生了影嘛并为当地人提供了工作。所以，空格处应填“fortheircivilizinginfluence”。

10.根据第三段的第二句“SoweretheRomans,whobuiltthemonumentsandviaductsandamphitheatersthatwestillenjoy.”罗马人受到当地人的欢迎是因为他们建造了纪念碑、高架桥和圆形剧场。所以，空格处应填“forthemonuments”。

11.根据第三段的最后两句可知，西哥特人、东哥特人和法兰克人以恐吓居民和破坏乡村为乐。也许游客声誉受损就是从这里开始的。所以，空格处应填“disrepute”，odisrepute意为“使某人声誉扫地,使某人声名狼籍"。

12.据第三段的倒数第二句“Theyamusedthemselvesbyterrifyingtheinhabitantsandravagingthecountryside.”可知，他们以恐吓居民和破坏乡村为乐。所以，空格处应填“ravagingthecountryside”。

13.根据第四段的一二句可知，绝大多数的旅游者都是友好的，而且是考虑周到的。所以，空格处应填“amiableandconsiderate”。

14.根据第四段的第三句“TheyhavecometoProvenceforsunshineandspectacularscenery,forthefoodandthewine,forapleasantbreakfromreallife.”他们来到普罗旺斯是为了享受阳光和壮丽的景色，享受美食和美酒，享受与现实生活的愉快休憩。所以应填“spectacularscenery"。

15.根据第五段的第一句“thereisreasontobegratefulforsomeofitseffects.”普罗旺斯应该对旅游业表示感谢。所以，空格处应填“grateful”。

16.根据第五段的内容可知，如果不是旅游业为普罗旺斯带来的经济效益，这里就会百业凋零。所以，空格处应填“forthesurvivalof"。

17.根据第五段的倒数第二句“...itwouldn'tbeworthputtingonconcertsorvillagefetes.”如果没有旅游业也就没必要举办音乐会或者乡村宴会了。所以应填“fortheholdingof”。

18.根据最后一段的最后一句“butthetourist,nottherapaciousdeveloper,getsmostoftheblame.”通常都是游客承担责任而不是开发商。所以，空格处应填“shouldered”。

19.根据最后一段内容可知，世界的某些地区被过度开采,造成这些地区丧失了曾经拥有的吸引力。而这个责任也被推到了游客身上。所以，空格处应填"fortheoverexploitation”。

20.根据最后一段内容可知，世界的某些地区被过度开采,造成这些地区丧失了曾经拥有的吸引力。而这个责任也被推到了游客身上。所以，空格处应填“thelostcharm”。

14.单选题

SinceWorldWarIIconsiderableadvanceshavebeenmadeintheareaofhealth-careservices.Theseincludebetteraccesstohealthcare(particularlyforthepoorandminorities),improvementsinphysicalplants,andincreasednumbersofphysiciansandotherhealthpersonnel.Allhaveplayedapartintherecentimprovementinlifeexpectancy.Butthereismountingcriticismofthelargeremaininggapsinaccess,unbridledcostinflation,thefurtherfragmentationofservice,excessiveindulgenceinwastefulhigh-technology“gadgeteering,”andabreakdownindoctor-patientrelationships.Inrecentyearsproposedpanaceasandnewprograms,smallandlarge,haveproliferatedatafeverishpaceanddisappointmentsmultiplyatalmostthesamerate.Thishasledtoanincreasedpessimism—“everythinghasbeentriedandnothingworks”—whichsometimesbordersoncynicismorevennihilism.

Itistruethattheautomatic“passthrough”ofrapidlyspiralingcoststogovernmentandinsurancecarriers,whichwassetinapublicizedenvironmentof“therichestnationintheworld,”producedforatimeasenseofunlimitedresourcesandallowedtodevelopamoodwherebyeverypractitionerandinstitutioncould“dohisownthing”withoutundueconcernforthe“MedicalCommons.”Thepracticeoffull-costreimbursementencouragedcapitalinvestmentandnowtheindustryisovercapitalized.Manycitieshavehundredsofexcesshospitalbeds;hospitalshaveproliferatedasuperabundanceofhigh-technologyequipment;andstructuralostentationandluxuryweretheorderoftheday.Inanygivenday,one-fourthofallcommunitybedsarevacant;expensiveequipmentisunderusedor,worse,usedunnecessarily.Capitalinvestmentbringsrapidlyrisingoperatingcosts.

Yet,inpart,thispessimismderivesfromexpectingtoomuchofhealthcare.Itmustberealizedthatcareis,formostpeople,apainfulexperience,oftenaccompaniedbyfearandunwelcomeresults.Althoughthereisvastroomforimprovement,healthcarewillalwaysretainsomeunpleasantnessandfrustration.Moreover,thecapacitiesofmedicalsciencearelimited.HumptyDumptycannotalwaysbeputbacktogetheragain.Toomanyphysiciansarereluctanttoadmittheirlimitationstopatients;toomanypatientsandfamiliesareunwillingtoacceptsuchrealities.Norisittruethateverythinghasbeentriedandnothingworks,asshownbytheprepaidgrouppracticeplansoftheKaiserFoundationandatPugetSound.Inthemain,however,suchundertakingshavebeendrownedbyaveritablefloodofpublicandprivatemoneyswhichhavesupportedandencouragedthecontinuationofconventionalpracticesandsubsidizedtheirshortcomingsonamassive,almostunrestrictedscale.Exceptforthemostidealisticanddedicated,therewerenoincentivestoseekchangeortopracticeself-restraintorfrugality.Inthisatmosphere,itisnotfairtocondemnasfailuresallattemptedexperiments;itmaybemoreaccuratetosaymanyneverhadafairtrial.

1.TheauthorimpliesthattheKaiserFoundationandPugetSoundplans(lines47-48)differedfromotherplansby（

）.

2.Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingasconsequencesoffull-costreimbursementEXCEPT（

）.

3.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,the“pessimism”mentionedatline35ispartlyattributabletothefactthat（

）.

5.Theauthorcitestheprepaidplansinlines46-48as（

）.

6.Itcanbeinferredthatthesentence“HumptyDumptycannotalwaysbeputbacktogetheragain”meansthat（

）.

7.Withwhichofthefollowingdescriptionsofthesystemforthedeliveryofhealth-careserviceswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

8.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthelogicalstructureoftheselection?

9.Theauthor’sprimaryconcernisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.encouragingcapitalinvestment

B.requiringphysicianstotreatthepoor

C.providingincentivesforcostcontrol

D.employingonlydedicatedandidealisticdoctors

E.relyingprimarilyonpublicfunding

问题2选项

A.risingoperatingcosts

B.underusedhospitalfacilities

C.overcapitalization

D.overrelianceonexpensiveequipment

E.lackofservicesforminorities

问题3选项

A.light-heartedandamused

B.objectivebutconcerned

C.detachedandunconcerned

D.cautiousbutsincere

E.enthusiasticandenlightened

问题4选项

A.therehasbeenlittlerealimprovementinhealth-careservices

B.expectationsabouthealth-careservicesaresometimesunrealistic

C.largesegmentsofthepopulationfinditimpossibletogetaccesstohealth-careservices

D.advancesintechnologyhavemadehealthcareserviceunaffordable

E.doctorsarenowlessconcernedwithpatientcare

问题5选项

A.counterexamplestotheclaimthatnothinghasworked

B.examplesofhealth-careplansthatwereover-funded

C.evidencethathealth-careservicesarefragmented

D.proofofthetheorythatnoplanhasbeensuccessful

E.experimentsthatyieldeddisappointingresults

问题6选项

A.thecostofhealth-careserviceswillnotdecline

B.somepeopleshouldnotbecomedoctors

C.medicalcareisnotreallyessentialtogoodhealth

D.illnessisoftenunpleasantandevenpainful

E.medicalsciencecannotcureeveryill

问题7选项

A.Itisbiasedinfavorofdoctorsandagainstpatients.

B.Itishighlyfragmentedandcompletelyineffective

C.Ithasnotembracednewtechnologyrapidlyenough

D.Itis