考研考博-英语-广东工业大学华立学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广东工业大学华立学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.写作题

YouaresupposedtowritealettertoaprofessorinauniversityintheUnitedStatesorUK,requestingforthepossibilityofacooperativeprogramforPh.D.there.

1.Thelettershouldbeginwith“DearProfessorXXX”

2.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

3.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“MaQing”instead.

4.Donotwritetheaddress.

【答案】DearProfessorPeterDay,

IamMaQingfromNanjingUniversityinJiangsuProvince,thePeople’sRepublicofChina.IhavebecomeaPh.D.candidateofouruniversity.Myresearchinterestiscomparativeculture.WhatIamreallyinterestedinisthesimilarityanddifferencebetweenAmericancultureandChineseculture.IamproudtosaythatIhavemadesomeachievementsinmyacademicresearch.MyresearchpapersoftenappearinsomeinfluentialcorejournalsinChina.Buttotellthetruth,myknowledgeoftheUnitedStatesisfarlessthanmyknowledgeofChina.Sothatisnotconducivetowritingmydissertationrelatedtocomparativeculture.Undersuchcircumstances,Ishouldliketopursueaco-operativeprogramforPh.D.inyouruniversity.IfIhavefinishedlearningsomecoursesinChinathisyear,Iwilltakesomeothercoursesinyouruniversitynextyear.IespeciallywishtomakegreaterprogressinmyacademicresearchunderyourtutelagebecauseIknowyouareafamousscholarintheEastWestCenter,theUniversityofHawaii.

Ifyoucouldacceptmyrequest,Iwouldappreciateitverymuch.Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.

Yoursrespectfully

MaQing

2.单选题

Womenwantthesamepayiftheyholdthesamejobsasmen.Athome,however,theydonotexpecttheirhusbandsto()inthehousework.

问题1选项

A.do

B.have

C.share

D.divide

【答案】C

【解析】句意：如果妇女从事与男子相同的工作，她们希望得到相同的报酬。然而，在家里，她们不指望丈夫分担家务。Sharein为常用搭配，表示分享，分担。选项C符合句意。

3.单选题

Ifyouwanttoseethefutureofbroadbandcommunications,looktothestars.Theheavenscouldsoonbefilledwithmorethan400satellitesprovidinginternetuserswithlowcost,direct-to-the-homeconnectionsthatarehundredsoftimesfasterthantoday'sdial-upmodems.Withunobstructedviewsofvirtuallytheentireworld,satellitesarepoisedtodeliverinteractivebroadbandservicesinwaysevenadvancedground-basednetworkswillbehard-pressedtomatch.

Thenewbreedofsatelliteswillactaspowerfulsignalrepeatersinthesky,receivingandresendingradiotransmissionsfromground-basedantennas.Costingfarlessperunitcapacitythanmostsatellitesnowinservice,theywillemploynewdigitaltechnologiesthatwillimprovethecapacity,reliabilityandsecurityofdatacommunications.Moreover,becausethesystemswilloperateatextremelyhighradiofrequencies,theywillusenarrowradiobeamscapableofcommunicatingwithultrasmallantennasthatcanbeeasilymountedonmosthomes.

Twotypesofsatellitesystemshavebeenproposed.Geostationarysatelliteswillorbit36,000kilometers22,000milesabovetheequatoratthesamespeedastheearth'srotationandthusappearfromthegroundtobestationary.Theywillcommunicatewithfixedorientationdishantennasattachedtocustomers’homesanduseadvancedsignalprocessingtocompensatefortransmissiondelayscausedbythegreatdistancestheirradiosignalsmusttravel.Low—earthorbit(LEO)satellites,incontrast,willcircletheglobeonceeverytwohoursataltitudesunder1,500kilometers,reducingthetimeneededtobeamsignalstoandfromtheearth'ssurface.ButtheywillrequiresophisticatedsubscriberantennasabletotrackandcommunicatewiththefastmovingLEOsatellites.

Bothtypesofsatelliteswillavoidmanyofthecomplicationsthatplagueground-basednetworks.Specificadvantagesincludethefollowing.

Thedirtylittlesecretofbroadbandisthatthetechnicallimitationsofgroundbasednetworkswillseverelyrestrictavailability.Digitalsubscriberline(DSL)signalsdecayonlongtelephonelinesoronthoseofpoorquality.Localmultipointdistributionservice(LMDS)signalscannotpenetrateleafytrees,buildingsorotherobstructions.Cableperformancedeterioratesiftoomanyhouseholdsinaneighborhoodlogonatthesametime.Fiber-to-the-homeissocostlyasaretrofitthatisusuallyconsideredeconomicallyviableonlyfornewhousingconstruction.ForuptoonethirdofthepopulationintheU.S.andanevengreaterportionworldwide,satellitetechnologywillnotsimplybeachoice,itwillbethechoice.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?

2.AllofthefollowingismentionedasthenewtypeofsatellitesisdescribedEXCEPT（

）.

3.Whydoesageostationarysatelliteappeartobeimmobile?

4.Whatadvantagedoesthelastparagraphintendtofocuson?

问题1选项

A.SatelliteswillmaketheaccesstotheInternetcheaperandmoreconvenient.

B.Satellitescostlessthantoday’sdial-upmodems.

C.Satelliteswillbesuperiortoground-basednetworkstodeliverinteractivebroad-bandservices.

D.Ground-basedantennascansendradiotransmissions.

问题2选项

A.narrowradiobeamswillbeused

B.newdigitaltechnologieswillbetaken

C.thesystemsofthemwillworkatextremelyhighradiofrequencies.

D.theirsignalscanbeeasilymountedonmosthomes.

问题3选项

A.Becauseitisfixedallthetime.

B.Becauseitsorbitspeedisthesameastheearth’srotation.

C.Becauseitspositionisabovetheequator.

D.Becauseitcancommunicatewithfixed-orientationdishantennas.

问题4选项

A.SatellitescanimprovetheavailabilityoftheInternet.

B.TotransmittheDSLsignalswithoutdelay.

C.Theirsignalscanpenetrateobstructions.

D.Lowcost

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“providinginternetuserswithlowcost”可知选项A正确；根据第一段最后一句“...satellitesarepoisedtodeliverinteractivebroadbandservicesinwaysevenadvancedground-basednetworkswillbehard-pressedtomatch.卫星静止不动的以先进的地面网络也难以匹敌的方式提供交互式宽带服务。”选项C符合原文。根据第二段第一句“receivingandresendingradiotransmissionsfromground-basedantennas.接收和重新发送来自地面天线的无线电传输。”选项D符合原文。只有选项B在文中没有提及，所以不正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段倒数第二句“theywillemploynewdigitaltechnologies.”可知选项B正确；以及最后一句“thesystemswilloperateatextremelyhighradiofrequencies,theywillusenarrowradiobeamscapableofcommunicatingwithultrasmallantennasthatcanbeeasilymountedonmosthomes.该系统将在极高的无线电频率下运行，它们将使用能够与超小型天线通信的窄无线电波束，这种天线可以很容易地安装在大多数家庭中。”选项A和C符合原文；选项D中的“signals”与原文中的“antennas”不符，所以不正确。

3.细节事实题。根据关键词“geostationarysatellite”定位到第三段第二句“Geostationarysatelliteswillorbit36,000kilometers22,000milesabovetheequatoratthesamespeedastheearth'srotationandthusappearfromthegroundtobestationary.地球同步卫星将以与地球自转相同的速度绕赤道上空36000公里、22000英里的轨道运行，因此从地面上看是静止的。”由此可知，选项B符合原文。

4.判断推理题。根据最后一段的首句“Thedirtylittlesecretofbroadbandisthatthetechnicallimitationsofgroundbasednetworkswillseverelyrestrictavailability.宽带的一个不为人知的小秘密是地面网络的技术限制将严重限制其实效性。”接下是进行具体的举例说明，最后提及：卫星技术将不仅仅是被选择，而是必须选择。所以由此推断，最后一段的重点是强调卫星可以提高互联网的可用性。选项A正确。

4.单选题

Sheoftensayshergreatesthappiness（

）servingthehandicappedchildren.

问题1选项

A.consistsin

B.relieson

C.composesof

D.comprisesin

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。consistin“在于”；relyon“依赖”；composeof“由······构成”；comprisein“包括在”。句意：她经常说她最大的幸福在于为残疾儿童服务。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Usuallyalternatingcurrent(AC)transmissionsufferslowerlossesthandirectcurrent(DC),andthus,ACbecametheindustrystandard.Somepeople,however,questionthatstandardbecauseoverlongdistanceshigh-voltageDClinessufferlowerlossesthanAC.Notonlydoesthatmakethembetterintheirownright,butemployingthemwouldallowelectricitygridstoberestructuredinwaysthatwouldmakewindpowermoreattractive.Thatwouldreducetheneedfornewconventional(andpolluting)powerstations.

Windpowerhassomeproblems.Youdon’talwaysgetitwhereyouwantitandyoudon’talwaysgetitwhenyouwantit.Thequestionofwherethewindisblowingwouldnolongermatterbecauseitisalmostalwaysblowingsomewhere.IfitwerewindyinSpainbutnotinIreland,currentwouldflowinonedirection.Dealingwithwhenthewindblowsisasubtlerissue.Forinstance,animportantpartofDrSchmid’scontinentalgridisthebranchtoNorway.ItisnotthatNorwayisahugeconsumer.Rather,thecountryiswellsuppliedwithhydroelectricplants.Theseareoneofthefewwaysthatenergyfromtransientsourceslikethewindcanbestoredingrid-fillingquantities.Thepowerisusedtopumpwaterupintothereservoirsthatfeedthehydroelectricturbines.Thatwayitisontapwhenneeded.Thecapacityof“Norway’sreservoirsissolarge,accordingtoDrSchmid,thatshouldthewinddropalloverEurope—whichdoeshappenonrareoccasions—thehydroplantscouldspringintoactionandfillinthegapforuptofourweeks.

Putlikethis,aEurope-widegridseemsanobviousidea.ThatithasnotyetbeenbuiltisbecauseACpowerlineswouldlosetoomuchpoweroversuchlargedistances.HencetherenewedinterestinDC.DrSchmidcalculatesthataDCgridofthesortheenvisageswouldallowwindtosupplyatleast30%ofthepowerneededinEurope.Moreover,itcoulddosoreliably—andthatmeanswindpowercouldbeusedforwhatisknowninthejargonasbase-loadpowersupply.

Thoughwindpowerhasitsopponents,too,itsenvironmentalvirtuesmightbeenoughtoswingthingsinitsfavorifitwerealsoreliable.Indeed,agroupofNorwegiancompanieshavealreadystartedbuildinghigh-voltageDClinesbetweenScandinavia,theNetherlandsandGermany,thoughtheseareintendedasmuchtosellthecountry’spowerastoaccumulateotherpeople’s.AndAirtricity—anIrishwind-powercompany—plansevenmoreofthem.ItproposeswhatitcallsaSupergrid.ThiswouldlinkoffshorewindfarmsintheAtlanticOceanandtheIrish,NorthandBalticseaswithcustomersthroughoutnorthernEurope.

51.Bysaying“makethembetterintheirownright”(Paragraph1),theauthormeans______.

52.By“currentwouldflowinonedirection”(Paragraph2),theauthorisactuallyreferringto______.

53.HowwillconsumersthinkofaDCelectricitygrid?

54.WhydoesDrSchmid’scontinentalgridlocateinNorway?

55.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.realizetherightofDC

B.makeDCsufferlowerlosses

C.makeDCmoreusefulthanAC

D.makebetteruseofDCtotransferpower

问题2选项

A.currentflowsfromSpaintoIreland

B.currentflowsfromIrelandtoSpain

C.currentflowsfromIrelandtootherplaces

D.currentflowsfromSpaintootherplaces

问题3选项

A.Useless

B.Feasible

C.Troublesome

D.Comfortable

问题4选项

A.Tomakeuseofthecountry’scapacityofreservoirs.

B.Tomakeuseofthecountry’srichwindpower.

C.ItissimplyDrSchmid’spersonalpreference.

D.BecausetraditionalpowerplantsinNorwaycannotmeetconsumers’demand.

问题5选项

A.Windpowerhaswonuniversalsupport.

B.Companieshesitatetoinvestinwindpower.

C.Theprospectofwindpowersofarseemsverypositive.

D.WindfarmsonoceanscansupplypowerdemandofthewholeEuropeinthefuture.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】51.推理判断题。题干意思是“第一段通过说‘makethembetterintheirownright’，作者的意思是……”。根据题干定位到文章的第一段第三句Notonlydoesthatmakethembetterintheirownright…（这不仅使高压直流电本身更好……），通过该句的前一句becauseoverlongdistanceshigh-voltageDClinessufferlowerlossesthanAC（因为长距离高压直流线路比交流线路损耗小）可知，作者说这句话的意思是指由于高压直流电缆损失的电量比交流电缆少，通过这个方法能够更加充分利用直流电来传输电能；所以D项“更好地利用直流来传递功率”符合题意。A项“实现直流电的使用”表述不够全面；B项“使直流电损耗更低”不符合题意，这是利用直流电传输电能原因，而不是使用直流电的目的；C项“使直流电比交流电更有用”，表述太笼统，不够具体。因此，该题选择D项正确。

52.推理判断题。题干意思是“第二段说‘电流将流向一个方向’，作者实际上是指……”。第二段第四句提到IfitwerewindyinSpainbutnotinIreland,currentwouldflowinonedirection.（如果西班牙有风，而爱尔兰没有，电流就会朝一个方向流动），这句话是对上一句Thequestionofwherethewindisblowingwouldnolongermatterbecauseitisalmostalwaysblowingsomewhere.（风吹向哪里的问题将不再重要，因为它几乎总是吹向某个地方）而进行的说明；即如果西班牙有风而爱尔兰没有风，那么只要把电流从西班牙往爱尔兰方向传送就可以了，所以A项“电流从西班牙流向爱尔兰”正确。B项“电流从爱尔兰流向西班牙”错误；C项“电流从爱尔兰流向其他地方”和D项“电流从西班牙流向其他地方”表述也都不正确。因此，该题选择A项正确。

53.推理判断题。题干意思是“消费者将如何看待直流电网？”。文章第三段指出建设直流电网可以节约在传输过程中浪费的电能，从第三段前几句Putlikethis,aEurope-widegridseemsanobviousidea.ThatithasnotyetbeenbuiltisbecauseACpowerlineswouldlosetoomuchpoweroversuchlargedistances.HencetherenewedinterestinDC.（这样看来，建立一个覆盖整个欧洲的电网似乎是一个显而易见的主意；之所以还没有建成，是因为交流电线路在这么长的距离上会损失太多的电力；因此，人们对直流电重新产生了兴趣）可以推断，人们对直流电网的态度是“可行的”，所以B项“可行”正确。A项“无用”、C项“麻烦”和D项“舒适”都不符合原文意思。因此，该题选择B项正确。

54.细节事实题。题干意思是“为什么施密德博士的大陆网格位于挪威？”。第二段提到Forinstance,animportantpartofDrSchmid’scontinentalgridisthebranchtoNorway.ItisnotthatNorwayisahugeconsumer.Rather,thecountryiswellsuppliedwithhydroelectricplants.（例如，施密德博士的大陆电网的一个重要组成部分就位于挪威；这并不是说挪威是一个电能消耗巨大的国家；相反，这个国家拥有充足的水力发电站），由此可知，施密德博士的大陆网格位于挪威的原因是因为挪威拥有足够的水库，所以A项“利用国家的水库容量”正确。B项“充分利用该国丰富的风能”错误；C项“这只是施密德博士的个人偏好”，文中没有相关信息可以推断；D项“因为挪威的传统发电厂不能满足消费者的需求”文中没有提及相关信息。因此，该题选择A项正确。

55.推理判断题。题干意思是“根据短文，下列哪项是正确的？”。根据最后一段第一句Thoughwindpowerhasitsopponents,too,itsenvironmentalvirtuesmightbeenoughtoswingthingsinitsfavorifitwerealsoreliable.（虽然风能也有其反对者，但如果它是可靠的，它的环保优点可能足以让事情朝着有利于它的方向发展）可以推断，风力发电的前景是非常乐观的，所以C项“到目前为止，风力发电的前景似乎非常乐观”正确。A项“风能得到了普遍的支持”错误，最后一段提到了风力发电有反对者；根据Indeed,agroupofNorwegiancompanieshavealreadystartedbuildinghigh-voltageDClinesbetweenScandinavia,theNetherlandsandGermany（事实上，一些挪威公司已经开始在斯堪的纳维亚半岛、荷兰和德国之间建造高压直流输电线路）可知B项“公司对投资风力发电犹豫不决”错误；最后一句提到ThiswouldlinkoffshorewindfarmsintheAtlanticOceanandtheIrish,NorthandBalticseaswithcustomersthroughoutnorthernEurope.（这将把大西洋、爱尔兰、北部和波罗的海的海上风力发电场与整个北欧的客户联系起来）可知D项“海洋上的风力发电场可以供应整个欧洲未来的电力需求”中的“欧洲”表述错误。因此，该题选择C项正确。

6.单选题

Animalsthatcouldnot

themselvestothechangedenvironmentperishedandthosethatcouldsurvived.

问题1选项

A.conform

B.adapt

C.modify

D.conform

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。conform“使遵守，使一致”；adapt“适应”；modify“修改”；conform“符合，遵照”。句意：不能适应环境变化的动物灭绝了，而那些能适应的存活了下来。选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritemayloseobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoul—thequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking’'sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking’'sbiography—-notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionbeheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknessestothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountisthe“authentic”"one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis"“authorized”"bythesubject;thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation."“Unauthorized”"biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,the“unauthorized”’’characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral“"authentic”"ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotell“the”’’storyofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubject,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,anidealbiographerwouldbeonewho______.

2.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat______.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsinistrue,accordingtothepassage?

4.Anunauthorizedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause______.

5.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson______.

问题1选项

A.knowsthesubjectverywellandyetmaintainsaproperdistancefromhim

B.isclosetothesubjectandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywriting

C.isindependentandtreatsthesubjectwithfairnessandobjectivity

D.possessesspecialprivateinformationandissympathetictowardthesubject

问题2选项

A.thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreaders

B.biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubjects’'lives

C.thebestbiographiesarethoseofheroesandfamousfigures

D.biographiescanservedifferentpurposes

问题3选项

A.Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.

B.Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject.

C.Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.

D.Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.

问题4选项

A.itportraysthesubjectbothfaithfullyandvividly

B.itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject’'sprivatelife

C.itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntooutsiders

D.itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofthesubject’'scharacter

问题5选项

A.thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjob

B.thesecretofabiographertowinmorereaders

C.thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteagoodbiography

D.thecharacteristicsofdifferentkindsofbiographies

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题解析】判断推理题。题目说的是在作者看来，一个理想的传记作者会是什么样的人。定位到原文的第一段的第二句和第三句，可得知与研究对象过于亲密，作家就会失去客观性，与研究对象不够亲密，作家就会缺乏同理心。太近或者不太近都会有其弊端，因此要把握好这个度。选项A的意思是说很了解这个研究对象，并且能够把握好这个距离。选项B、C和D都比较片面，因此答案为A。

2.【试题解析】作者意图题。题干中问的是作者选择圣经中的耶稣传记目的何在？根据原文定位到第三二段中的“theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetter

thananyoneelse.”选项A的意思是最好的传记旨在改变读者，原文并没有提到评判传记的标准。选项B的意思是传记是被研究对象的真实生活写照，这句话的意思是正确的，但是并不是作者举例的目的。选项C的意思是最好的传记作品是关于英雄和名人的传记，同样也是涉及到评判传记的标准。，选项D，可以定位到原文“Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.”举了两个不同的例子，说明传记是为各种目的服务的。因此，答案为D。

A.Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.

B.Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject.

C.Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.

D.Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.

3.【试题解析】事实细节题。题干中问的是哪个说法正确，。选项C“没有人能写出完美的传记”可以定位到原文第二段的首句“Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.”可得知，与选项C属于同义替换。选项A,“，真正的自传很少能够吸引读者，”可根据原文中的"“Unauthorized”"biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,，由这个句子中的also根据also可可得知，真正的（授权的）自传是可以吸引读者的。选项B“一本真实的传记是被传记主体授权的”来自最后一段,，但文中说的是“Inbookpromotions,the“unauthorized”characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral‘authentic’ones”，在图书宣传中，“未经授权”的人物描述通常意味着读者可能会听到读者希望隐瞒的绘声绘色的小道消息。一个人可能有好几本传记，甚至是好几本“真实的”传记。说明就算是“真实的”传记，也不见得是被授权的，。选项C可以定位到原文第二段的首句“Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.”可得知，跟选项C属于同义替换。D选项“授权传记拥有更广泛的读者群”来自最后一段中“Unauthorized”biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer”，然而，未经授权的传记也有其吸引力，因为它们可以显示传记作者有独立的思想。可知经授权与未经授权的自传都可以吸引读者，因此可排除D选项。因此，答案为C。

4.【试题解析】事实细节题。题干问的是一部未经授权的传记会吸引更多读者的原因。定位到原文中最后一段的第四句“Inbookpromotions,the“‘unauthorized’’’characterizationusually41.”

suggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.”可得知，未经授权的传记作品通常会暗示人们其中有他们所期望的有趣的八卦。正好符合选项B它包含着令人感兴趣的有关研究对象的私生活的内容。选项A、C以及D原文并没有提及。因此，答案为B。

5.【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干中问的是文章大意。通读全文，文章的主要内容就是在讲述自传作家找到这个合适的角度去做他的工作的难处。可以定位到文章的首句“Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.”可得知这个职业的困难点。因此，答案为A。

8.单选题

（

）,policewouldnotprosecuteyou.

问题1选项

A.Providedthatyoucooperatedwithus

B.Providedthatyouwillcooperatewithus

C.Providedthatyouhavecooperatedwithus

D.Providedthatyouwouldcooperatewithus

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。对现在事实进行虚拟，从句：If主语+过去时（be动词用were），主句：主语+should/would/could/might+videdthat意为“假如，设若”。

句意：假如你和我们合作，警察就不会起诉你的。

9.单选题

Whenwecreditthesuccessfulpeoplewithintelligence,physicalstrengthorgoodluck,wearemakingexcusesforourselvesbecausewefall（）inallthree.

问题1选项

A.rare

B.lacking

C.short

D.scarce

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配辨析。rare“稀有的；稀薄的；半熟的”；lacking“缺乏的；没有的；不足的”；short“短的；不足的；矮的”；scarce“缺乏的；不足的；稀有的”，这四个词是同义词，都有“缺乏的”的意思，但是这里fallshort是一个固定搭配，表示“不足；缺乏”。句意：当我们认为成功的人具有智慧、强健的体魄和好运时，我们只是在为我们……以上三种因素而找借口。故正确答案为选项C。

10.单选题

TheBenefitsofNewUrbanism

(1)Newurbanismisthemostimportantplanningmovementinthiscentury,andisaboutcreatingabetterfutureforusall.Itisaninternationalmovementtoreformthedesignofthebuiltenvironment,andisaboutraisingourqualityoflifeandstandardoflivingbycreatingbetterplacestolivein.Newurbanismistherevivalofourlostartofplace-making,andisessentiallyare-orderingofthebuiltenvironmentintotheformofcompletecities,towns,villages,andneighborhoods—thewaycommunitieshavebeenbuiltforcenturiesaroundtheworld.Newurbanisminvolvesfixingandinfillingcities,aswellasthecreationofcompactnewtownsandvillages.Thebenefitsofnewurbanismareasfollows:

BenefitstoResidents

(2)Higherqualityoflife;betterplacesinwhichtolive,work,andplay;morestablepropertyvalues;lesstrafficcongestionandlessdriving;healthierlifestylewithmorewalkingandlessstress;closeproximitytomainstreetretailandservices;closeproximitytobiketrail,parks,andnature;pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown,resultinginmeaningfulrelationshipswithmorepeople,andfriendliertown;morefreedomandindependencetochildren,theelderly,andthepoorinbeingabletogettojobsrecreation,andserviceswithouttheneedforacarorsomeonetodrivethem;greatsavingstoresidentsandschoolboardsinreducedbusingcostsfromchildrenbeingabletowalkorbicycletoneighborhoodschools;morediversityandsmaller,uniqueshopsandserviceswithlocalownerswhoareinvolvedincommunity;bigsavingsbydrivingless,andowninglesscars;lessugly,congestedsprawltodealwithdaily;bettersenseofplaceandcommunityidentitywithmoreuniquearchitecture;moreopenspacetoenjoythatwillremainopenspace;moreefficientuseoftaxmoneywithlessspentonutilitiesandroadsusedforthesprawl.

BenefitstoBusinesses

(3)Increasedsalesduetomorefoottrafficandpeoplespendinglessoncarsandgas;moreprofitsduetospendinglessonadvertisingandlargesigns;betterlifestylebylivingnearworkunitssavesthestressfulandcostlycommute;economiesofscaleinmarketingduetocloseproximityandcooperationwithotherlocalbusinessincubation;lowerrentsduetosmallerspacesandsmallerparkinglots;healthierlifestyleduetomorewalkingandbeingnearhealthierrestaurants;morecommunityinvolvementfrombeingpartofcommunityandknowingresidents.

(4)BenefitstoDevelopers.Moreincomepotentialfromhigherdensitymixed-useprojectsduetomoreleasablesquarefootage,moresalespersquarefoot,andhigherpropertyvaluesandsellingprices;fasterapprovalsincommunitiesthathaveadoptedsmartgrowthprinciplesresultingincost/timesayings:costsavingsinparkingfacilitiesinmixed-usepropertiesduetosharingofspacesthroughoutthedayandnight,resultinginlessduplicationinprovidingparking;lessneedforparkingfacilitiesduetomixofresidencesandcommercialuseswithinwalkingdistanceofeachother;lessimpactonroads/traffic,whichcanresultinlowerimpactfees;lowercostofutilitiesduetocompactnatureofnewurbanistdesign;fasterselloutduetogreateracceptancebyconsumersfromawiderproductrangeresultinginwidermarketshare.

BenefitstoMunicipalities

(5)Stable,appreciatingtaxbase;lessspentpercapitaoninfrastructureandutilitiesthantypicalsuburbandevelopmentduetocompacthigh-densitynatureofprojects;increasedtaxbaseduetomorebuildingspackedintoatighterarea;lesstrafficcongestionduetowalkabilityofdesign;lesscrimeandlessmoneyspentonpoliceduetothepresenceofmorepeopledayandnight;betteroverallcommunityimageandsenseofplace;lessincentivetosprawlwhenurbancoreareaisdesirable;easytoinstalltransitwhereit’snot,andimproveitwhereitis;greatercivicinvolvementofpopulationleadingtobettergovernance.

(6)Themosteffectivewaytoimplementnewurbanismittoplanforit,andwriteitintozoninganddevelopmentcodes.Thisdirectsallfuturedevelopmentintothisform.

(7)Increasingly,regionalplanningtechniquesarebeingusedtocontrolandshapegrowthintocompact,high-density,mixed-useneighborhoods,villages,towns,andcities.Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresultswhendesignedinharmonywithregionallandplanningknownasTransitOrientedDevelopment(TOD).Atthesametime,therevitalizationofurbanareasdirectsandencouragesinfilldevelopmentbackintocitycenters.

(8)Planningforcompactgrowth,ratherthanlettingitsprawlout,hasthepotentialtogreatlyincreasethequalityoftheenvironment.Italsopreventscongestionproblemsandtheenvironmentaldegradationnormallyassociatedwithgrowth.

(9)Therearesomeobstaclesinimplementationofnewurbanism.Themostimportantobstacletoovercomeistherestrictiveandincorrectzoningcodescurrentlyinforceinmostmunicipalities.Currentcodesdonotallownewurbanismtobebuilt,butdoallowsprawl.

(10)AnequallyimportantobstacleisthecontinuousroadbuildingandexpansiontakingplaceineverycommunityacrossAmerica.Thisencouragesmoredrivingandmoresprawlwhichhasadominoeffectonincreasingtrafficcongestionacrosstheregion.Haltingroadprojectsandbuildingnewtrainsystemcanhelpreversethisproblematictrend.

1.Apedestrianstreetisastreet（）.

2.Accordingtothepassagenewurbanismemphasizes（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingcanBESTsummarizethebenefitsofnewurbanismtoresidents?

4.Whichof