考研考博-英语-大连枫叶职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大连枫叶职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Terroristactivities,inwhateverforms,aretobedenouncedbypeace-lovingpeopleworldwide.

问题1选项

A.announced

B.forgiven

C.condemned

D.despised

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。denounce表示“谴责，公然抨击”；A项announce“宣布”，B项forgive“原谅”，C项condemn“谴责，判刑”，D项despise“轻视，鄙视”。句意：任何形式的恐怖主义活动都应受到全世界爱好和平的人民的谴责。根据句意可知，该题选择C项正确。

2.单选题

Despitetheoppositionfromhisfamily,theboyremained（）inhisdecisiontomarryher.

问题1选项

A.faithful

B.constant

C.staunch

D.resolute

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项faithful“忠诚的”；B选项constant“不变的”；C选项staunch“坚定的，忠诚的”；D选项resolute“坚决的，果断的”。句意：尽管遭到家人的反对，男孩还是下定决心要娶她。这里是指果断的下定决心，所以选项D符合语境。

3.单选题

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinite-structuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses—thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibersthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis“What?”，and,ifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforword-handling,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetterconnections.

Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“languagesubjects”andboysbetteratmathsandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshan’tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

2.Accordingtothepassageitiscommonlybelievedthatbraindifferencesarecausedby______factors.

3.“thesedifferences”inparagraph5refertothosein_______.

4.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmoreworkon______.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup.

B.Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother.

C.Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularbelief.

D.Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown.

问题2选项

A.biological

B.psychological

C.physical

D.social

问题3选项

A.skillsofmenandwomen

B.schoolsubjects

C.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

D.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

问题4选项

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thefunctioningofpartofthebrain

C.thedistinctionbetweenthesexes

D.theeffectsofthecorpuscallosum

问题5选项

A.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingsonthebrainstructure.

B.Toexplainthelinkbetweensexandbrainstructure,

C.Todiscussthevariousfactorsthatcausebraindifferences.

D.Tosuggestnewareasinbrainresearch.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.（心理学家把这个问题看作是一件沮丧的是或是一个笑话）可知A选项表述不正确；由第一段中的Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.（但他们急忙指出，不同并不等于好或坏）可知B选项表述不正确；由第三段中的Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.（这是第一次发现女性和男性大脑之间的结构差异，它必须具有一定的意义）可知D选项表述不正确。通过排除法排除A、B、D选项，因此选C。

2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.（我们倾向于认为，正是社会的影响产生了这些差异）可知选D。

3.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.（但要在此基础上解释男女技能的实际差异并非易事）可知选A。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing（我们也不知道这两部分是如何通过胼胝体相互作用的。但这种显著的差异肯定会有一定的影响，因为这种差异存在于大脑中与智力有关的部分，我们应该寻找智力加工的差异）可知选D。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了男性和女性的结构存在差别，科学家对这种差别所做的研究，因此A选项“概述脑结构的研究成果”符合题意。

4.单选题

Envyhasbecomeadrivewheelofourmodernworld.Itisthepassionthatgovernsoureconomiclife.Moderncapitalismreliesonitsabilitytocreateandincreasescarcityanditthereforedependslargelyontheomnipresenceofenvy.Inaffluentsocietiestheavailabilityofmaterialgoodsincreasesthedemandforpositionalgoodsbasedonsocialscarcity.Mostoftenitis“envy，emulation,orpride”creatingthiskindofscarcity,inwhichsatisfactionisderivedfromrelativepositionalone,beinginfront,orfrombeingbehind.”Aslongaspeopledesirewhatothersdesirescarcitywillbethenever-endingconditionofourlivesthatkeepsoureconomyrunning.Throughenvynearlyanyobjectcanturnintoadesirablecommoditypromisingunendinghappiness.

Modernadvertisingisthebestexampletoillustratetheimportanceofenvytokeepoureconomygoing.Advertisingusesenvytomakecommoditiesdesirable.Posters,announcementsandTV-spotsshowusenviablepeoplewhohavethosethingsandgoodswelackbutnonethelessneedtogainhappiness.Advertisementsellsproductswiththehelpofenviouscontagion.Mostofthetimeenvyitselfremainshiddenandisnotdirectlymentionedincommercials.Buteventhismaynolongerbetrue.Envyseemstoloseitstraditionalbadreputation.Moreandmorecommercialsdirectlyrefertoenvytomaketheircommoditiesmoredesirable.Themostwell-knownexampleofanopenreferencetoenvyisaperfumeproducedbytheItaliancompanyGucciwiththebrandname“Envy”promisingthatyouwillnotonlybeenviedforsomeexternalobjectthatbelongstoyoubutforyourveryself-embodiedinaseductivefragrance.

Thoseofyoufamiliarwithtraditionaldefinitionsofenvyandemulationmay,however,questionmythesisthatourmoderneconomyisdrivenbyenvy.Isitreallyenvythatgovernsoureconomyorwouldnotemulationbeamoreappropriateandlessmoralizingterm?Thereisaneasyanswertothisquestion.Inparallelwiththeemergenceofourmodernworldandtheriseofcapitalismthetraditionaldistinctionbetweenbadenvyandgoodemulationhasslowlylostitsmeaning.WhereImmanuelKant,forinstance,referstothepassionsnatureusestoturnasheepish,idleandinactiveArcadiaintoaprosperousculturehereferstoan“enviouslycompetitivevanity”thatnolongerallowsaneatdistinctionbetweenenvyandemulationbutmentionsaformofhumandesirecomprisingboththesetraditionallydistinguishedemotions.

1.Envyisthedrivingforceofmoderneconomicdevelopmentbecause（）.

2.Whatistheessenceofenvythatkeepseconomygoing?

3.Whatistheillusionadvertisementbringstoitsconsumers?

4.TaketheItalianperfume“Envy”foranexample,theword“envy”（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisbadenvy?

6.AccordingtoKant,thecommonnessbetweenenvyandemulationis（）.

问题1选项

A.itgivesrisetomodernconsumerism

B.iturgespeopletopossessmoreandbettergoods

C.itistheprerequisiteofhighproductivity

D.thepassionofithelpsproducemoregoods

问题2选项

A.Thepursuitofvanity.

B.Thewishoftheprosperityofproducts.

C.Thecreativityofadvertisements.

D.Thefulfillmentofambition.

问题3选项

A.Onlythoseadvertisedgoodsaretrustworthy.

B.Togetwhathasbeenadvertisedistogainhappiness.

C.Tohaveafeelingthatonehasbecomethebestintheworld.

D.Themoreonepossesses,thehigherpositionhewillhave.

问题4选项

A.meansmorepositivelynow

B.hastotallydifferentmeaningnow

C.hasbeenfullytakenadvantageof

D.canembodyabetterself

问题5选项

A.Thefeelingthatforcesustopreventotherspossessingthegoods.

B.Thefeelingthatmakesustrytoobtainthegoodsoftheother.

C.Astrongdesireforwhatotherspossess.

D.Anyoftheabove-mentionedfeelings.

问题6选项

A.moralization

B.competitiveness

C.vanity

D.passion

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

第6题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到现在资本主义依赖于它创造和增加稀缺的能力，在很大程度上依赖于无处不在的嫉妒（Moderncapitalismreliesonitsabilitytocreateandincreasescarcityanditthereforedependslargelyontheomnipresenceofenvy），通过嫉妒几乎所有的商品都可能转化成令人向往的商品（Throughenvynearlyanyobjectcanturnintoadesirablecommoditypromisingunendinghappiness），由此可知嫉妒能够促使人们去拥有更多更好的商品，因此选项B符合题意。

2.判断推理题。文章第一段倒数第二句话提到只要人们渴望别人渴望的东西，我们生活中稀缺的商品就不会有止境，这样我们的经济就能得以运转（Aslongaspeopledesirewhatothersdesirescarcitywillbethenever-endingconditionofourlivesthatkeepsoureconomyrunning），因此选项A”追求虚荣”符合题意。

3.判断推理题。文章第二段第三句话提到海报、公告和电视广告像我们展示了令人嫉妒的人拥有我们没有的但需要有的东西，通过拥有这些东西可以获得幸福（Posters,announcementsandTV-spotsshowusenviablepeoplewhohavethosethingsandgoodswelackbutnonethelessneedtogainhappiness），因此选项B”得到广告中的东西就能得到幸福”就是广告给消费者带来的幻觉。

4.判断推理题。文章倒数第二段提到嫉妒似乎失去了它传统的坏名声，越来越多的广告直接提到嫉妒，使他们的商品更受欢迎，其中一个著名的例子就是意大利Gucci公司生产的一款名为”Envy”的香水。由此可知越来越多的广告直接将这个词当成了卖点，因此选项C符合题意。

5.判断推理题。文章中广告利用的嫉妒心与传统意义上的坏的嫉妒是不一样的，广告利用的嫉妒心是指你受人嫉妒的不仅是你所拥有的东西，还有这个东西所代表的自我（youwillnotonlybeenviedforsomeexternalobjectthatbelongstoyoubutforyourveryself-embodiedinaseductivefragrance），因此除此之外的嫉妒都可算作badenvy。因此选项D符合题意。

6.细节事实题。文章最后一段提到激情（嫉妒）把一个怯弱的、无所事事的世外桃源变成了一种繁荣的文化，他称其为”嫉妒的、攀比的虚荣”，使得嫉妒与模仿之间没有明确的界限（WhereImmanuelKant,forinstance,referstothepassionsnatureusestoturnasheepish,idleandinactiveArcadiaintoaprosperousculturehereferstoan“enviouslycompetitivevanity”thatnolongerallowsaneatdistinctionbetweenenvyandemulation），因此选项D符合题意。

5.翻译题

Theaveragepersonseestensofthousandsofimagesaday--imagesontelevision,innewspapersandmagazines,andonthesidesofbuses.ImagesalsogracesodacansandT-shirts,andInternetsearchenginescaninstantlyprocureimagesforanywordyoutype.Today,anyonewithadigitcameraandaPCcanproduceandalteranimage.Asaresult,thepoweroftheimagehasbeendilutedinonesense,butstrengthenedinanother.Ithasbeendilutebytheubiquityofimagesandthemanypopulartechnologiesthatgivealmosteveryonethepowertocreate,distort,andtransitimages.Butithasbeenstrengthenedbythegradualsurrenderoftheprintedwordtopictures.

Weloveimagesandthedemocratizingpoweroftechnologiesthatgiveusthecapabilitytomakeandmanipulateimages.Whatwearelesseagertoconsiderarebroaderculturaleffectsofasocietydevotedtotheimage.Historianshaveexploredthestoryofmankind’smovementfromanoral-basedculturetoawrittenculture,andlatertoaprintedone.Butinthepastseveraldecades,wehavebeguntomovefromaculturebasedontheprintedwordtoonebasedlargelyonimages.Inmakingimagesratherthantextsourguide,areweopeningupnewvistasforunderstandingandexpression,creatinganewformofcommunicationthatis“betterthanprint,”assomescholarshaveargued?Orarewemerelymakingapeculiarandunwelcomereturntoformsofcommunicationonceascendantinpreliteratesocieties?Twothingsinparticularareatstakeinourcontemporaryconfrontationwithanimage-basedculture.First,technologyhasconsiderablyunderminedourabilitytotrustwhatwesee,yetwehavenotadequatelygrappledwiththeeffectsofthisonournotionsoftruth.Second,ifweareindeedmovingfromtheeraoftheprintedwordtoaneradominatedbytheimage,whatimpactwillthishaveonculture?

【答案】普通人每天会在电视上、报纸上、杂志上和公交车上看到成千上万的图像。汽水罐和T恤上也有图像，互联网搜索引擎可以立即为你输入的任何单词获取图像。今天，任何人只要有一台数码相机和一台电脑就可以制作和修改图像。因此，形象的力量在某种意义上被稀释了，但在另一种意义上被加强了。它已经被无处不在的图像和许多流行的技术冲淡了，这些技术几乎给了每个人创造、扭曲和传送图像的能力。但印刷文字逐渐向图片屈服，使其更加强大。

我们喜欢图像，也喜欢技术的民主化，它让我们有能力制作和处理图像。我们不太愿意考虑的是一个致力于这一形象的社会所产生的更广泛的文化影响。历史学家探索了人类从口述文化到书面文化，再到印刷文化的发展历程。但在过去的几十年里，我们已经开始从一种基于印刷文字的文化转向一种主要基于图像的文化。让图像而非文本成为我们的向导，我们是否为理解和表达开辟了新的前景，创造了一种正如一些学者所说的“比印刷更好”的交流新形式？或者，我们仅仅是在以一种奇特的、不受欢迎的方式回归到曾经在文字出现前的社会中盛行的交流方式？在我们当代与以形象为基础的文化的对抗中，尤其有两件事会处于危险之中。首先，技术大大削弱了我们相信所见事物的能力，但我们还没有充分应对这对我们的真理观念所产生的影响。第二，如果我们真的从印刷文字的时代进入了一个以图像为主导的时代，这将对文化产生怎样的影响?

6.单选题

Themosturgentthingistofindadumpforthosetoxicindustrialwastes.

问题1选项

A.imminent

B.recyclable

C.smelly

D.poisonous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“即将来临的，迫近的”；B选项“可回收利用的”；C选项“有臭味的”；D选项“有毒的，恶毒的”；题干中toxic“有毒的，中毒的”，句意：最紧迫的事情是找到一个倾倒有毒工业废料的地方。因此D选项符合题意。

7.不定项选择题

Weallhaveoffensivebreathatonetimeoranother.Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereareother,moresurprisingcauses.

Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurablecondition.Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsalivaslows.Ourmouthsarefullofbacteriafeedingonproteininbitsoffoodandshedtissue.Thebacteriaemitevilsmellinggases,theworstofwhichishydrogensulfide.

Mouthbacteriathriveinairlessconditions.Oxygen-richsalivakeepstheirnumbersdown.Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfur-producingbacteriagaintheupperhand,producingclassic“morningbreath”.

Alcohol,hunger,toomuchtalking.breathingthroughthemouthduringexercise—anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.Socanstress,thoughit’snotunderstoodwhy.Somepeople’sbreathturnssoureverytimetheygoonajobinterview.

Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhytheelderlyhavemorebadbreathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.Babies,however,whomakeplentyofsalivaandwhosemouthscontainrelativelyfewbacteriahavecharacteristicallysweetbreath.

Formostofus,thesimple,dry-mouthvarietyofbadbreathiseasilycured.Eatingordrinkingstartssalivaandsweepsawaymanyofthebacteria.Breakfastoftenstopsmorningbreath.

Thosewithchronicdrymouthfindthatithelpstokeepgum,hardcandy,orabottleofwaterorjuicearound.Brushingtheteethwipesoutdry-mouthbadbreathbecauseitclearsawaymanyoftheoffendingbacteria.

Surprisingly,onethingthatrarelyworksismouthwash.Theliquidcanmaskbadbreathodorwithitsownsmell,buttheeffectlastsnomorethananhour.Somemouthwashesclaimtokillthebacteriaresponsibleforbadbreath.Thetroubleis,theydon’tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms.Mostbacteriaarewellprotectedfrommouthwashunderthicklayersofmucus.Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol—asmostdo—itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.

1.Thephrase“emanatefrom”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“______”.

2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthecausesofbadbreath?

3.Accordingtothepassage,alcoholhassomethingtodowithbadbreathmainlybecause______.

4.Mouthwashesarenotaneffectivecureforbadbreathmainlybecause______.

5.Wecaninferfromthispassagethat______.

问题1选项

A.thriveon

B.accountfor

C.originatefrom

D.descendfrom

问题2选项

A.Toothtrouble.

B.Sulfur-richfood.

C.Toomuchexercise.

D.Mentalstrain.

问题3选项

A.itkeepsoffendingbacteriafromreproducing

B.itssmelladdstobadbreath

C.itkillssomehelpfulbacteria

D.itaffectsthenormalflowofsaliva

问题4选项

A.theycan’tmaskthebadodorlongenough

B.theycan’tgettoalltheoffendingbacteria

C.theirstrongsmellmixeswithbadbreathandmakesitworse

D.theycan’tcoverthethicklayersofmucus

问题5选项

A.offensivebreathcan’teasilybecured

B.elderlypeoplearelessoffendedbybadbreath

C.heavydrinkersarelessaffectedbybadbreath

D.offensivebreathislessaffectedbyalcohol

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Thephrase“emanatefrom”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“______”.1.第一段中的词组“emanatefrom”很可能是“______”的意思。

A.thriveonA.靠……发展

B.accountforB.对……负责、做出解释

C.originatefromC.发源于

D.descendfromD.由……传下来的

【考查点】词义推测题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段第二句“在大多数情况下，令人不快的口气emanatesfrom口腔中的细菌，尽管还有其他更令人惊讶的原因（causes）”，根据后面的causes可知，offensivebreath（口臭）和bacteriainthemouth（口腔中的细菌）之间应该是一个因果关系，是bacteria（细菌）导致了offensivebreath（口臭），那么可以反推，offensivebreath（口臭）是来源于bacteria（细菌），故C项“发源于”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】A项“靠……发展”、B项“对……负责、做出解释”和D项“由……传下来的”根据解题思路可知，这三项属于曲解原文。

2.【选项释义】

2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthecausesofbadbreath?2.下列哪项被提到是口臭的原因之一？

A.Toothtrouble.A.牙齿问题。

B.Sulfur-richfood.B.高硫的食物。

C.Toomuchexercise.C.太多锻炼。

D.Mentalstrain.D.精神紧张。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第四段“酒精、饥饿、说话太多、运动时用嘴呼吸，任何使口腔干燥的东西都会产生口臭。压力也是如此，虽然不知道为什么。有些人每次去面试时口气都会变酸。”可知，压力也会造成口气问题，D项“精神紧张”也属于压力问题，所以该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】

A项“牙齿问题”没有提到，属于无中生有；

B项“高硫的食物”根据第三段第二句“例如，当我们睡觉时，唾液流得很慢，产生硫的细菌占了上风，产生了所谓的‘早晨口气’”可知，原文提到的是含硫的细菌能够导致口臭，并不是食物，该项属于曲解原文；

C项“太多锻炼”根据第四段第一句“酒精、饥饿、说话太多、运动时用嘴呼吸，任何使口腔干燥的东西都会产生口臭”可知，原文说的是运动时用嘴呼吸会引发口臭，该项条件不足，属于曲解原文。

3.【选项释义】

3.Accordingtothepassage,alcoholhassomethingtodowithbadbreathmainlybecause______.3.根据这篇文章，酒精与口臭有关的主要原因是______。

A.itkeepsoffendingbacteriafromreproducingA.它能阻止有害细菌的繁殖

B.itssmelladdstobadbreathB.它的气味增加了口臭

C.itkillssomehelpfulbacteriaC.它杀死了一些有益的细菌

D.itaffectsthenormalflowofsalivaD.它影响唾液的正常流动

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据文章最后一句“如果漱口水中含有酒精——大多数漱口水都含有酒精——会使口腔干燥，从而加剧这一问题”可知含有酒精的漱口水会使口腔干燥，从而产生口臭，原因是唾液流动变得缓慢，那么推断，酒精与口臭有关的主要原因是因为使得口腔唾液流动缓慢，所以D项“它影响唾液的正常流动”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“它能阻止有害细菌的繁殖”是漱口水的作用，并不是酒精，属于张冠李戴；

B项“它的气味增加了口臭”和C项“它杀死了一些有益的细菌”没提到，属于无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

4.Mouthwashesarenotaneffectivecureforbadbreathmainlybecause______.4.漱口水不能有效治疗口臭，主要是因为______。

A.theycan’tmaskthebadodorlongenoughA.它们掩盖不了难闻的气味

B.theycan’tgettoalltheoffendingbacteriaB.它们无法接触到所有有害的细菌

C.theirstrongsmellmixeswithbadbreathandmakesitworseC.它们强烈的气味和口臭混合在一起，使情况更糟

D.theycan’tcoverthethicklayersofmucusD.它们不能覆盖厚厚的粘液层

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据最后一段二三四句“一些漱口水声称能杀死导致口腔异味的细菌。问题是，它们不一定能触及所有有害细菌。在厚厚的黏液层下，大多数细菌都能很好地免受漱口水的侵害。”可知，漱口水不能治疗口臭是因为厚厚的黏液层覆盖了有害细菌，所以漱口水不能触及到所有的有害细菌，B项“它们无法接触到所有有害的细菌”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“它们掩盖不了难闻的气味”和治疗口臭无关，属于出处错位；

C项“它们强烈的气味和口臭混合在一起，使情况更糟”没有提到，属于无中生有；

D项“它们不能覆盖厚厚的粘液层”漱口水不能治疗口臭的原因是厚厚的黏液层使得漱口水不能接触到所有的有害细菌，并不是不能覆盖厚厚的黏液层的原因，该项曲解原文。

5.【选项释义】

5.Wecaninferfromthispassagethat______.5.从这篇文章中我们可以推断出______。

A.offensivebreathcan’teasilybecuredA.口臭不容易治好

B.elderlypeoplearelessoffendedbybadbreathB.上了年纪的人对口臭不那么反感

C.heavydrinkersarelessaffectedbybadbreathC.酗酒者受口臭的影响较小

D.offensivebreathislessaffectedbyalcoholD.口臭受酒精的影响较小

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】文章前五段描述了引起口臭的多种原因，包括酒精、饥饿、说话太多、运动等使口腔干燥的因素，后三段阐述了能够增加唾液流动和掩盖口臭的方法，综合可以推断，引起口臭的因素有很多，所以并不是很容易治好，A项“口臭不容易治好”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B项“上了年纪的人对口臭不那么反感”根据第五段第一句“随着年龄的增长，唾液的流动会逐渐减慢，这也解释了为什么老年人比年轻人更容易出现口臭问题”可知，原文提到了老年人比年轻人更容易口臭的原因，但该项并未提及，也无从推断，属于无中生有；

C项“酗酒者受口臭的影响较小”和D项“口臭受酒精的影响较小”，在原文提到了酒精会使口腔干燥，从而导致口臭，所以酗酒者更加受到口臭的影响，这两项属于反向干扰。

8.单选题

Onlineschools,which（）theneedsofdifferentpeople,haveemergedasanincreasinglypopulareducationalternative.

问题1选项

A.consentto

B.stirup

C.switchon

D.caterto

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项consentto“同意；答应；赞成”；B选项stirup“激起；煽动；搅拌；唤起”；C选项switchon“接通，开启”；D选项caterto“迎合；为……服务”。句意：满足不同人群需求的网上学校已经成为一种日益流行的教育方式。由空格后的关键词“theneedsof……的需求”可知“迎合”符合句意，因此D选项正确。

9.单选题

Therulewillnolongerpermitustouseasevidencestatementsthathavebeenobtainedusingcruel,inhuman,ordegradinginterrogationmethods.

问题1选项

A.punching

B.disturbing

C.questioning

D.rejecting

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.punching拳打，以拳痛击B.disturbing打扰，干扰

C.questioning正式提问，质询D.rejecting拒绝接受，不予考虑

【答案】C

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】interrogation的意思为“审问”，这里指不能用残忍、不人道或有辱人格的审讯方法，questioning与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】该规则不再允许我们使用通过残忍、不人道或有辱人格的审讯方法获得的证词作为证据。

10.单选题

Onceuponatime,theemblematicjazzsingerwasanAfrican-Americanwoman,serenadingasmoke-filledroom.ThinkBillieHolidayandEllaFitzgerald.Today,atalentedcropofcosmopolitanyoungsingersarecreatinganewbreedofjazzvocalist:theglobalizedchanteuse.Theycomefrommulticulturalbackgrounds,liveallovertheworld,andareinfusingthetraditionalAmericansoundwithnewenergy.Taketoday’srisingstar,26-year-oldSophieMilman.BorninRussia,shefledwithherfamilytoIsraelattheageof7,thensettledinCanadaat16.NowshesellsouttheBlueNotejazzclubinTokyo.Herrootsandherreachareglobal.Inlooksandlanguage,shecouldn’tbefurtherfromthepioneerswhocamemorethanahalfcenturybefore.

YetMilmanandotherslikeherareredefiningjazzbydrawingontheAmericansongbook.InhisbookTheJazzSingers,ScottYannowarguesthatamong21st-centuryjazzvocalists,only“afewmanagetoreinveststandardsinnewways,”whichisexactlywhatthisnewclassisdoingsowell.Milman—who’sfluentinFrench,English,Russian,andHebrew—singsColePorter’s“LoveforSale”inaclear,valiantaltothatboomsdownlowandreacheseffortlesslyuphigh.ElisabethKontomanou,whoisGreekandGuinean,insistsonknowingtheAfrican-Americanrootsofthemusicsheplays.“Jazzisinnovation,butwithallthecultureandtheunderstandingofwhathasalreadybeendone,”shesays.“Ifyoudon’tlookatthat,yougetatasteless,odorless,andcolorlessmusic.”OnherlastCD,Brewin’theBlues,shefollowsherownrulesbyrevisitinglessfamoussongsbyjazzicons,suchasBillieHoliday’s“TellMeMoreandMore(andThenSome).”

Languagehasprovednobarriertothesewomen,allsinginEnglish.VirginieTeychenecomesfromthesouthofFrancebutlearnedEnglishwithherfather,whousedtoshowAmericanMarinestheFrenchwayoflife.“Frenchdoesn’tlenditselftojazz,”shesays.“Wordscanoftenfallflat,asitishardtosinginFrenchonrhythm.”Teychene,whowasnameda“newrevelation”atFrance’sJuan-les-Pinsjazzfestivallastyear,coverssongslike“TakeATrain”inherpure,lowvoice.BornandraisedinTurin,theItalianchanteuseRobertaGambarinirecordedSwedishfolksongsearlyinhercareerbuthaslatelyturnedtotheromanticeraofAmericanjazz.Hernewrecord,“SoinLove”,revolvesaroundsweetrenditionsoftuneslike“ThatOldBlackMagic”—asongSarahVaughanmadefamousinthe40s.“ThebulkofgoodsongsthatallowyoutoimprovisehappentolargelybepartoftheGreatAmericanSongbook,”shesays.

That’snottosaythatthesevocalistsaren’tpushingboundaries.EsperanzaSpalding,whowasborntoaWelsh-Hispanic-NativeAmericanmotherandablackfatherandraisedintheStates,singsinEnglish,Spanish,andPortuguese.Whenrecordingthe1930sstandard“BodyandSoul”,sherenamedit“CuerpoyAlma”,andpulledoffafierySpanishrendition.“Youalwayscreatesomethingnewevenwhenyouusevocabularyfromthepast.”shesays.

Ultimately,thisreturntotherootsofjazzhastodowithauthenticityandaccessibility.“Ilikewhenpeoplecometoseemeattheendofaconcert,surprisedthatthisisactuallyjazzandthattheycanenjoyitwithoutreallyknowingtheculture,”saysTeychene.Yetifaskedwherethewindingroadoffamestarts,thesesingersgiveatraditionalanswer.“IfyoulivedeepintheheartofChinaandyouwanttobeajazzmusician,youstillhavetogotoNewYorkorNewOrleansandplayjazz,”saysKontomanou.Thenyoumovetoanothercountryandshareitwiththeworld.

21.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSophieMilman?

22.Whatdothenewjazzsingershaveincommon?

23.ItcanbeinferredthatScottYanow’sattitudetowardsthenewjazzsingersis________.

24.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingthatthosenewjazzsingersare“pushingboundaries”(Paragraph4)?

25.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thosepopularnewjazzsingersattributetheirsuccessto________.

问题1选项

A.Shehasmulticulturalbackgrounds.

B.Sheisanemblematicjazzsinger.

C.ShelovesthemusicofBillieHolidayandEllaFitzgerald.

D.Shecreatesthenewjazzsinger.

问题2选项

A.TheyallcomefromEurope.

B.Theyresemblethepioneersofjazzmusicinlooksandlanguage.

C.Theyallbringsomethingnewtojazzmusic.

D.Theydon’tlikesinginlanguagesotherthanEnglish.

问题3选项

A.critical

B.positive

C.neutral

D.negative

问题4选项

A.Theysometimesdon’tsticktothetraditionalrenderingofjazzmusic.

B.TheydonotalwayssinginEnglish.

C.Theyliketotrydifferentmusicalinstrumentwhenplayingjazz.

D.Theywouldprefertosingsongsallcreatedbythemselves.

问题5选项

A.earlyexposuretoAmericanjazzculture

B.goodcommandofEnglishlanguage

C.innovationandoriginality

D.travellingaroundworld

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】21.推理判断题。根据第一段第三、四、五句Today,atalentedcropofcosmopolitanyoungsingersarecreatinganewbreedofjazzvocalist:theglobalizedchanteuse.Theycomefrommulticulturalbackgrounds,liveallovertheworld,andareinfusingthetraditionalAmericansoundwithnewenergy.Taketoday’srisingstar,26-year-oldSophieMilman.（今天，一群才华横溢的国际化年轻歌手正在创造一种新爵士歌手：国际化的女歌手。她们来自多文化背景，生活在世界各地，为传统的美国音乐注入了新的活力。以今天的后起之秀，26岁的索菲•米尔曼为例。），索菲•米尔曼是全球化女歌手之一，所以A选项“她有多文化背景”正确；这一群女歌手开创了新爵士歌手，所以D选项“索菲•米尔曼开创了新爵士歌手”错误。B选项“她是一位具有代表性的爵士歌手”：文中没有提到米尔曼在爵士乐的地位，故错误。C选项“她喜欢BillieHoliday和EllaFitzgerald的音乐”：根据第二段最后一句shefollowsherownrulesbyrevisitinglessfamoussongsbyjazzicons,suchasBillieHoliday’s“TellMeMoreand