考研考博-英语-山西财经大学考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山西财经大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Catherine

won'tmindifyou（）her

workload—sheneedstheextramoney.

问题1选项

A.amountto

B.addto

C.putup

D.goon

【答案】B

【解析】amountto指等于,意味着；addto指增大；putup指呈现；goon指继续。句意：Catherine不会介意你加大她的工作量,她急需用钱。选项B符合句意。

2.单选题

Mostpeopleconsiderthelandscapetobeunchanging,butEarthisadynamicbody,anditssurfaceiscontinuallyaltering—slowlyonthehumantimescale,butrelativelyrapidlywhencomparedtothegreatageofBarth(about4,500billionyears).Therearetwoprincipalinfluencesthatshapetheterrain:constructiveprocessessuchasuplift,whichcreatenewlandscapefeatures,anddestructiveforcessuchaserosion,whichgraduallywearawayexposedlandforms.

Hillsandmountainsareoftenregardedastheepitomeofpermanence,successfullyresistingthedestructiveforcesofnature,butinfacttheytendtoberelativelyshort-livedingeologicalterms.Asageneralrule,thehigheramountainis,themorerecentlyitwasformed;forexample,thehighmountainsoftheHimalayasareonlyabout50millionyearsold.Lowermountainstendtobeolder,andareoftentheerodedrelicsofmuchhighermountainchains.About400millionyearsago,whenthepresent-daycontinentsofNorthAmericaandEuropewerejoined,theCaledonianmountainchainwasthesamesizeasthemodernHimalayas.Today,however,therelicsoftheCaledonianorogeny(mountain-buildingperiod)existasthecomparativelylowmountainsofGreenland,thenorthernAppalachiansintheUnitedStates,theScottishHighlands,andtheNorwegiancoastalplateau.

TheEarth’scrustisthoughttobedividedintohuge,movablesegments,calledplates,whichfloatonasoftplasticlayerofrock,Somemountainswereformedasaresultoftheseplatescrashingintoeachotherandforcinguptherockattheplatemargins.Inthisprocess,sedimentaryrocksthatoriginallyformedontheseabedmaybefoldedupwardstoaltitudesofmorethan26,000feet.Othermountainsmayberaisedbyearthquakes,whichfracturetheEarth’scrustandcandisplaceenoughrocktoproduceblockmountains.Athirdtypeofmountainmaybeformedasaresultofvolcanicactivitywhichoccursinregionsofactivefoldmountainbelts,suchasintheCascadeRangeofwesternNorthAmerica.TheCascadesaremadeupoflavasandvolcanicmaterials.Manyofthepeaksareextinctvolcanoes.

Whateverthereasonformountainformation,assoonaslandrisesabovesealevelitissubjectedtodestructiveforces.Theexposedrocksareattackedbythevariousweatherprocessesandgraduallybrokendownintofragments,whicharethencarriedawayandlaterdepositedassediments.Thus,anylandscaperepresentsonlyatemporarystageinthecontinuousbattlebetweentheforcesofupliftandthoseoferosion.

Theweather,initsmanyforms,isthemainagentoferosion.Rainwashesawayloosesoilandpenetratescracksintherocks.Carbondioxideintheairreactswiththerainwater,formingaweakacid(carbonicacid)thatmaychemicallyattacktherocks.Therainseepsundergroundandthewatermanyreappearlaterassprings.Thesespringsarethesourcesofstreamsandrivers,whichcutthroughtherocksandcarryawaydebrisfromthemountainstothelowlands.

Underverycoldconditions,rockscanbeshatteredbyiceandfrost.Glaciersmayforminpermanentlycoldareas,andtheseslowlymovingmassesoficecutoutvalleys,carryingwiththemhugequantitiesoferodedrockdebris.Indryareasthewindistheprincipalagentoferosion.Itcriesfineparticlesofsand,whichbombardexposedrocksurfaces,therebywearingthemintoyetmoresand.Evenlivingthingscontributetotheformationoflandscapes.Treerootsforcetheirwayintocracksinrocksand,insodoing,speedtheirslitting.Incontrast,therootsofgrassesandothersmallplantsmayhelptoholdloosesoilfragmentstogether,therebyhelpingtopreventerosionbythewind.

50.Accordingtoparagraph1,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofchangesinEarth’slandscape?

51.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph2aboutthemountainsoftheHimalayas?

52.Theword“relics”inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.

53.WhydoestheauthormentionCarbondioxideinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Theyoccurmoreoftenbyupliftthanbyerosion.

B.Theyoccuronlyatspecialtimes.

C.Theyoccurlessfrequentlynowthantheyoncedid.

D.Theyoccurquicklyingeologicalterms.

问题2选项

A.Theircurrentheightisnotanindicationoftheirage.

B.Atpresent,theyaremuchhigherthanthemountainsoftheCaledonianrange.

C.Theywereauniformheightabout400millionyearsago.

D.TheyarenotashighastheCaledonianmountainswere400millionyearsago.

问题3选项

A.resemblances

B.regions

C.remains

D.restorations

问题4选项

A.Toexplaintheoriginofachemicalthatcaneroderocks.

B.Tocontrastcarbondioxidewithcarbonicacid.

C.Togiveanexampleofhowrainwaterpenetratessoil.

D.Toargueforthedesirabilityofpreventingerosion.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】50.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据第一段，关于地球景观的变化，下列哪项陈述是正确的？”。根据第一段第一句中的anditssurfaceiscontinuallyaltering—slowlyonthehumantimescale,butrelativelyrapidlywhencomparedtothegreatageofBarth(about4,500billionyears)（地球的外貌在人类文明进程中一直保持着持续缓慢的变化，但是与大约4500亿年前的冰河时代的地貌变化相比，这个进程的确快了很多）可知，地球景观从地质上来说，变化的还是比较快的，所以D项“从地质学的角度上来看，它们变化得很快”正确。根据第一段最后一句Therearetwoprincipalinfluencesthatshapetheterrain:constructiveprocessessuchasuplift,whichcreatenewlandscapefeatures,anddestructiveforcessuchaserosion,whichgraduallywearawayexposedlandforms.（塑造地形的主要影响因素有两种：一种是建设过程，如隆起，产生新的景观特征；另一种是破坏性力量，如侵蚀，逐渐磨损裸露的地形。）可知，A项“它们通常是由地壳隆起而不是由地壳侵蚀产生的”错误。B项“他们只发生在特殊的时间”和C项“它们发生的频率比以前少”在第一段没有提到。因此，该题选择D项正确。

51.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从第二段可以推断出关于喜马拉雅山脉的下列哪项？”。根据第二段中的Lowermountainstendtobeolder…About400millionyearsago,whenthepresent-daycontinentsofNorthAmericaandEuropewerejoined,theCaledonianmountainchainwasthesamesizeasthemodernHimalayas.（较低的山脉往往更古老……大约4亿年前，当现在的北美大陆和欧洲大陆合并时，加里东山脉和现在的喜马拉雅山一样大。）可知，在4亿年前加里东山脉就和现在的喜马拉雅山一样大，那么加里东山脉至少存在了4亿年，而较低的山脉往往更古老，可以反推，古老的山脉高度也较低，所以B项“目前，它们比加里东山脉高得多”正确。A项“它们目前的高度并不能说明它们的年龄”错误，文中提到了“较低的山脉更古老”。第二段提到thehighmountainsoftheHimalayasareonlyabout50millionyearsold（喜马拉雅山的高山只有大约5000万年的历史），可知喜马拉雅和加里东山脉的存在时间是不一样的，故C项“它们在大约4亿年前是统一的高度”错误。D项“它们不像4亿年前的加里东山脉那么高”，与文章表述不符合。因此，该题选择B项正确。

52.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】语义推测题。题干意思是“第二段中的relics的意思与下列哪一项最接近？”。根据题干关键词可以定位到第二段最后一句therelicsoftheCaledonianorogeny(mountain-buildingperiod)exist…（加里东造山运动的relics仍然存在……），以及第三句Lowermountainstendtobeolder,andareoftentheerodedrelicsofmuchhighermountainchains.（较低的山脉往往更古老，而且往往都是高得多的山脉链的侵蚀relics），文中提到加里东造山运动有大约4亿年了，而且较低的山脉往往更古老，所以可以推断，现在存在的是加里东造山运动的遗迹，所以relics指的就是“遗迹、遗址”的意思，C项“遗迹”符合。A项“相似之处”、B项“地区”和D项“修复”都不正确。因此，该题选择C项正确。

53.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“为什么作者在文章中提到二氧化碳？”。文章倒数第二段提到Carbondioxideintheairreactswiththerainwater,formingaweakacid(carbonicacid)thatmaychemicallyattacktherocks.（空气中的二氧化碳与雨水发生反应，形成一种弱酸，即碳酸，这种弱酸可能会对岩石产生化学侵蚀），由此可知，作者在这里提到二氧化碳是解释一种可能侵蚀岩石的化学物质的起源，故A项“为了解释一种可以侵蚀岩石的化学物质的起源”正确。B项“对比二氧化碳和碳酸”并不全面。C项“举例说明雨水如何渗透土壤”，雨水只是冲走岩石上的土壤并流入到岩石缝隙中和二氧化碳产生反应，这里提到二氧化碳并不是为了说明雨水是如何渗透土壤的，C项错误。D项“论证防止侵蚀的可取性”，文中并没有提到防止侵蚀的相关内容。因此，该题选择A项正确。

3.单选题

Whenyouareatcollege,youshouldnot（）yourstudy.

问题1选项

A.getabigkickin

B.foolaroundwith

C.setaside

D.drawon

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项getabigkickin“得到极大的乐趣”；B选项foolaroundwith“与不三不四的人鬼混”；C选项setaside“驳回，不管”；D选项drawon“利用，吸收”。句意：在上大学的时候，你不应该把学习放在一边不管不顾。选项C符合语境。

4.单选题

AfewyearsagoaloneAmericancampaignerwroteabookinwhichhesetoutthemainpointofhisfascinateingocampaign—toabolishtelevision.Hismanifest“FourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevision”isanAmericanbestseller,andaftereighteditionsisstillgeneratinggreatconcernanddebateintheUSA.

JerryMander,aformeradvertisingexpertisconvincedthatforthesakeofourfreedom,andmentalandphysicalhealth,weshouldlearntolivewithoutTV.ThroughhisadvertisingbackgroundManderisawareofhowmuchoftelevisionisconcernedwithadvertisingandmoneymaking.Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitas“adeep,profoundanddisturbingactbyfewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.”And,evenwithoutcommercials,heseesTVasdisturbingbecauseitcramspeople’sheadswithimageswhichalterthewaytheyfeelandbehave.Picturesformedby300,000tinydancingdotsaltering30timespersecond,bombardtheireyesaspeoplescantheimages10timesasecond.Thebrainregistersandstoresall30images,buttheconsciousmindregistersfarfewer.But,arguesMander,evenifyourejectordoubtwhatyouseeconsciously,itistoolate.

HefurtherarguesthatTVisadeadeningexperienceasitisrestrictedtojusttwosenses—sightandsound.Perceptionisdulledandflattened,saysMander,whenyoucan’tfeelandsmellandtotallyexperienceanevent.Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingascreenandlisteningtoartificialsound.“Nocultureinhistoryhasspentsuchanenormousamountoftimelookingatartificiallight,”saysMander,“andanotherworryingfactisthatprolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,whichiswhyitisbeingusedforcertainmedicaltreatment”Researchersdonotknowiflife-longTVexposureisaphysicalriskornot,butasManderwouldargue,whyruntherisk?Itisimportantthatpeoplegetupnowandwithitoffbeforetheharmisdone—theymightalsobecomebrain-washed,orwhoknows.

1.FourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTedlevisionisabookwhich（

）.

2.JerryManderobjectstoTVadvertisingmainlybecause（

）

3.Manderthinkspeople’sfeelingsandbehaviorsarechangedbecause（

）.

4.BywatchingTVforseveralhourseverynight,Manderimpliesthat（

）.

5.MandersuggeststhatviewingTVoverlongperiodsoftime（

）.

问题1选项

A.causeddistresstomanyAmericans

B.achievedgreatsuccessoverseas

C.becameaverypopularbooktoread

D.expressedtheviewsofafascinatingman

问题2选项

A.theunderlyingprinciplesconcernmoney-making

B.itisineffectualingettingitsmessageacross

C.afewpeoplearedeeplydisturbedbyit

D.thevaluesitconveysareacceptedbyall

问题3选项

A.thebrainisabletomakeconsciousdecisions

B.theconsciousmindisaffectedbyTVimages

C.theireyesscanaTVscreen10timesasecond

D.theconsciousmindisunabletorejecttheimagesitsees

问题4选项

A.peoplewouldlosetheirothersenses

B.peoplewouldbeveiyimaginative

C.peoplewillbecomeverypassive

D.peoplewouldcometodependononlywatching

问题5选项

A.couldleadtodeath

B.mightcausebraindamage

C.couldendangerpeople’shealth

D.wouldmakecellsmalignant

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节题。第一段：…aftereighteditionsisstillgeneratinggreatconcernanddebateintheUSA：这本书自从几年前出版以来已经出了八版。并且还在引起广泛的关注和激烈的争论。由此可知，C项(成为了很受欢迎的书)为正确答案。A:给美国人带来了痛苦。与原文不符。B:在海外取得很大成功。文章只提到在美国引起人们的关注与争议，故与原文不符。D:介绍一个有魅力者的观点。与原文不符。

2.细节题。第二段：...howmuchoftelevisionisconcernedwithadvertising

andmoneymaking...；Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitas“adeep,profoundanddisturbingactbyfewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.杰里反对电视中的广告并不是因为电视广告带来的利润太少。而是他认为对于以利益为导向的价值观的灌输是少数人对于公众的不负责任的行为。

3.推断题。第二段：...itcramspeople’sheadswithimageswhichalterthewaytheyfeelandbehave（电视使人们的脑子里充斥着大量的画面和形象）。故选B项(意识受到电视画面的影响)。

4.推断题。第三段指出:Perceptionisdulledandflattened,...whenyoucan’tfeelandsmellandtotallyexperienceanevent.Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingascreenandlisteningtoartificialsound(感觉会变得迟钝，人也变得没精打彩，也就不能感受与体会到整个事件的过程。这样人们就只能被动的一个晚上坐在那达四个小时，看着电视屏幕，听着人工的声音),因此选C项(人会变得很被动)。

5.推断题。最后一段指出：...prolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,whichiswhyitisbeingusedforcertainmedicaltreatment(长期暴露在人造光下会改变人体细胞，这就是为什么它被用于某种医学治疗的原因),不难看出长时间暴露在电视人工的光线也有可能威胁人们的健康。

5.单选题

TV,radioandnewspaperareimportant（

）foradvertising.

问题1选项

A.features

B.broadcasting

C.publications

D.media

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项feature“特色，特征”；B选项broadcast“广播”；C选项publication“出版，发表”；D选项media“媒介”。句意：电视、广播和报纸是广告的重要媒介。选项D符合句意。

6.单选题

Inthemid-1990s,threeseniorfemaleprofessorsatM.I.T.cametosuspectthattheircareershadbeenhamperedbysimilarpatternsofmarginalization.（1）Afterperformingtheinvestigationandstudyingthedata,thecommitteeconcludedthatthemarginalizationexperiencedbyfemalescientistsatM.I.T.“wasoftenaccompaniedbydifferencesinsalary,space，awards,resourcesandresponsetooutsideoffersbetweenmenandwomenfaculty,withwomenreceivinglessdespiteprofessionalaccomplishmentsequaltothoseoftheircolleagues.”Thedeanconcurredwiththecommittee’sfindings.Andyet,aswasnotedinthecommittee’sreport,hisfellowadministrators“resistedthenotionthattherewasanyproblemthatarosefromgenderbiasinthetreatmentofthewomenfaculty.SomearguedthatitwasthemasculinecultureofM.I.T.thatwastoblame,andlittlecouldbedonetochangethat.”

（2）

Thecommittee’smostevocativefindingwasthatthediscriminationfacingfemalescientistsinthefinalquarterof20thcenturywasqualitativelydifferentfromthemoreobviousformsofsexismaddressedbycivilrightslawsandaffirmativeaction,butnolessreal.NoteveryoneagreesthatwhatwasuncoveredatM.I.T.actuallyqualifiesasdiscrimination.

（3）

Eveniffemaleprofessorshavebeenshortchangedorshuntedaside,theirmarginalizationmightbearesultofthesamesortsofdepartmentalinfighting,personalityconflictsand“mistakenimpressionsthatcausemalefacultymemberstofeelslightedaswell.‘‘Perceptionsofdiscriminationareevidenceofnothingbutsubjectivefeelings,”Kleinfeldscoffs.

（4）

InFebruary2012,theAmericanInstituteofPhysicspublishedasurveyof15,000maleandfemalephysicistsacross130countries.

（5）

“Infact,”theresearchersconcluded，“womenphysicistscouldbethemajorityinsomehypotheticalfutureyetstillfindtheircareersexperienceproblemsthatstemfromoftenunconsciousbias.”

问题1选项

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

问题2选项

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

问题3选项

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

问题4选项

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

问题5选项

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

【答案】第1题:F

第2题:E

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.联系上下文。第二段开头提到committee时，使用了定冠词the修饰committee，说明前文该词就已出现过，选项F中含有committee,也同样提到了investigate,与下文的investigation呼应。

2.联系上下文。空格前一句提及应该指责的是麻省理工学院的男性文化(masculineculture)，而对此却束手无策。选项E中提及女性没有成为科学家是因为科学(或科学家)都是男性，与前文意思最为接近。

3.联系上下文。空格的前一句中提到并不是每一个人都同意在麻省理工暴露的问题就是歧视的这一说法，接下来作者很有可能要举例说明该观点。另外，第二段末提到了一个人名Kleinfeld,说明上文中一定交代了Kleinfeld的相关信息，选项中符合语境的只有选项B，其中提及的“M.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasive”与上文信息呼应。

4.联系上下文。空格前的段中提及Kleinfeld教授认为麻省理工的女性科学家被边缘化不是因为性别歧视，而空格句所在段落的尾句指出大多数女物理学家所经历的事业问题通常来自于无意识的偏见(unconsciousbias),前后两段内容相反，由此可知，空格处句子表示转折承接，C、D入选，而只有选项C中提及了discrimination,与下文遥相呼应。

5.联系上下文。选项A中的inalmostallcultures与上文中的across130countries互相呼应。

7.单选题

Thisriverissowidethatitisimpossibletobuilda（

）underitwithoutmoderntechnology.

问题1选项

A.canal

B.tunnel

C.channel

D.cable

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。canal“运河，管道”；tunnel“隧道”；channel“通道，海峡”；cable“缆绳，电缆”。句意：这条河这么宽，要在它地下修建一条隧道没有现代技术是不可能实现的。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

Inthe20thcentury,allthenightmare-novelsofthefutureimaginedthatbookswouldbeburnt.Inthe21thcentury,ourdystopiasimagineaworldwherebooksareforgotten.Topluckjustone,GarySteynghart’snovelSuperSadTrueLoveStorydescribesaworldwhereeverybodyisobsessedwiththeirelectronicapparatus—anevenmoreomnivorousiPhonewithaflickeringstreamofshoppingandrealityshowsandporn—andhavesomehowcometobelievethatthefewremainingunreadpaperbooksletoffaranksmell.Thebookonthebook,itsuggests,isclosing.

Thebook—thephysicalpaperbook—isbeingcircledbyashoalofsharks,withsalesdown9percentthisyearalone.It’sbeingchewedbythee-book.It’sbeinggoredbythedeathofthebookshopandthelibrary.Andmostimportantly,thementalspaceitoccupiedisbeingerodedbythethousandWeaponsofMassDestructionthatsurroundusall.It’shardtoadmit,butweallsenseit:itisbecomingalmostphysicallyhardertoreadbooks.

InhisgorgeouslittlebookTheLostArtofReading—WhyBooksMatterinaDistractedTime,thecriticDavidUlinadmitstoastrangefeeling.Allhislife,hehadtakenreadingasforgrantedaseating—butthen,afewyearsago,he“becomeaware,inanapartmentfullofbooks,thatIcouldnolongerfindwithinmyselfthequietnecessarytoread”.Hewouldsitdowntodoitatnight,ashealwayshad,andreadafewparagraphs,thenfindhismindwaswandering,imploringhimtocheckhisemail,orTwitter,orFacebook.“WhatI’mstrugglingwith,”hewrites,“istheencroachmentofthebuzz,thesensethatthere’ssomethingouttherethatmeritsmyattention.”

Ithinkmostofushavethissensetoday,ifwearehonest.Ifyoureadabookwithyourlaptopthrummingontheothersideoftheroom,itcanbeliketryingtoreadinthemiddleofaparty,whereeverybodyisshoutingtoeachother.Toread,youneedtoslowdown.Youneedmentalsilenceexceptforthewords.That’sgettinghardertofind.

No,don’tmisunderstandme.Iadoretheweb,andtheywillhavetowrenchmyTwitterfeedfrommycolddeadhands.Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.Butthere’sareasonwhythatword—“wired”—meansboth“connectedtotheinternet”and“high,frantic,unabletoconcentrate”.

Intheageoftheinternet,physicalpaperbooksareatechnologyweneedmore,notless.Inthe1950s,thenovelistHermanHessewrote:“Themoretheneedforentertainmentandmainstreameducationcanbemetbynewinventions,themorethebookwillrecoveritsdignityandauthority.Wehavenotyetquitereachedthepointwhereyoungcompetitors,suchasradio,cinema,etc,havetakenoverthefunctionsfromthebookitcan’taffordtolose.”

31.BymentioningtheworkofGarySteynghart,theauthorintendsto________.

32.Themostsignificantreasonforthefallingsalesofpaperbooksisthat________.

33.Accordingtoparagraph3,wecaninferthat________.

34.Theexplanationoftheword“wired”probablyindicatesthat________.

35.Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthormostprobablyagreeon?

问题1选项

A.advocatetheideathatreadingphysicalpaperbooksisoutoffashion

B.introduceabrandnewelectronicproductevenmoreomnivorousthaniPhone

C.provethatbookswillbeoutweighedbyrealityshowsandporninthefuture

D.indicatethatbooksareleftoutinfictionsdescribingthefutureworld

问题2选项

A.electronicbooksaretakingovermoreandmoremarketshareofpaperbooks

B.people’mindsdon’thavethespaceforreadingduetoallkindsoftemptation

C.bookstoresareoutofbusinessaspeopleprefertoborrowingbooksfromthelibrary

D.peoplethinkthingsontheInternetaremoreworthyoftheirattention

问题3选项

A.peopleareinclinedtotakereadingforgranted

B.people’mindsareencroachedbytheInternet

C.it’shardtoconcentrateonreadingnowadays

D.DavidUlin’sbookgivesreadersastrangefeeling

问题4选项

A.peoplealwaysmisunderstandthefunctionsofinternet

B.Internetispartlyresponsibleforthevanishingofpaperbooks

C.peoplecalltheinternet“wiredworld”forareason

D.Internetwilltakeoverthefunctionsofpaperbooks

问题5选项

A.Truereaderscanmaintainreadinginallkindsofenvironment,includingnoisyone.

B.TheInternetshouldbestrictlycondemnedforendangeringphysicalpaperbooks.

C.Physicalpaperbooksarefacingextremedangerofbeingreplacedbyotherthings.

D.Readingbooksisn’tinaccordancewiththeincreasingneedforentertainment.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】31.推理判断题。根据第一段Inthe20thcentury,allthenightmare-novelsofthefutureimaginedthatbookswouldbeburnt…Topluckjustone,GarySteynghart’snovel…describesaworldwhereeverybodyisobsessedwiththeirelectronicapparatus—anevenmoreomnivorousiPhonewithaflickeringstreamofshoppingandrealityshowsandporn—andhavesomehowcometobelievethatthefewremainingunreadpaperbooksletoffaranksmell.（在20世纪，所有关于未来的可怕小说都想象书会被烧毁……只举一个例子，GarySteynghart的小说……描述了一个世界，在这里每个人都沉迷于电子设备——一个更无所不包的苹果手机，里面有闪烁的购物车、真人秀和色情——不知怎么的，人们开始认为剩下的几本没读过的纸书散发一股臭味。）可知在第一段中作者主要想表达在描述未来的书中不会有书的位置，所以D选项“表明在描述未来世界的小说中没有书”正确，没有说到真人秀等事物和书籍的关系，故C选项“证明书籍在未来将被真人秀和色情所取代”错误。A选项“提倡阅读纸质书已经过时的观点”和B选项“推出一款比iPhone更杂项的全新电子产品”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此D选项正确。

32.事实细节题。根据第二段第四句Andmostimportantly,thementalspaceitoccupiedisbeingerodedbythethousandWeaponsofMassDestructionthatsurroundusall.（最重要的是，它所占据的精神空间正在被我们周围数以千计的大规模毁灭性武器所侵蚀。），可知纸质书销量下降主要是因为读者的思想被其他的东西占据，所以B选项“由于各种各样的诱惑，人们的思维没有空间来阅读”正确。A选项“电子图书正在占领越来越多的市场份额的纸质书”：根据第二段第二句It’sbeingchewedbythee-book.（它正在被电子书啃噬。），可知文中有提到，但这不是主要原因，故错误。C选项“书店因为人们更喜欢从图书馆借书而歇业”：根据第二段第三句It’sbeinggoredbythedeathofthebookshopandthelibrary.（它受到书店和图书馆落寞的冲击。），可知书店和图书馆没有直接联系，也不是主要原因，故错误。D选项“人们认为互联网上的东西更值得他们关注”：文章没有提及，故错误。因此B选项正确。

33.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句It’shardtoadmit,butweallsenseit:itisbecomingalmostphysicallyhardertoreadbooks.（这很难承认，但我们都能感觉到：阅读书籍正变得越来越困难。），接着在第三段第一句thecriticDavidUlinadmitstoastrangefeeling（评论家DavidUlin承认他有一种奇怪的感觉），这种感觉就是couldnolongerfindwithinmyselfthequietnecessarytoread（再也无法在自己内心找到阅读所必需的安静），综合来看，C选项“现在很难集中精力读书”正确。A选项“人们倾向于视阅读理所当然”：根据第三段第二句Allhislife,hehadtakenreadingasforgrantedaseating（在他的一生中，他把阅读当作理所当然的饮食），这是David的想法，而不是人们普遍的想法，故错误。B选项“人们的思想被互联网侵占”：这在之前就提到，也不是这一段表达的重点，故错误。D选项“DavidUlin的书给读者一种奇怪的感觉”不符合文章内容，因此C选项正确。

34.语义推测题。根据第五段第三、四句Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanant