考研考博-英语-内蒙古化工职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-内蒙古化工职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Healways______hisfailureinobtainingajobtobadluck.

问题1选项

A.ascribes

B.transcribes

C.inscribes

D.prescribes

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.ascribes归因于，归咎于B.transcribes转录，抄写

C.inscribes题写；铭记D.prescribes开药方；规定

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句子意思“他把失败______于运气不好”可知，空格处表示“归因于”符合句意，且ascribeto表示“把……归结于”。故本题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】他总是把没能找到工作归咎于运气不好。

2.写作题

Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacompositioninabout200wordsunderthefollowingtitle.

EnvironmentalprotectionandSustainableDevelopment

【答案】EnvironmentalprotectionandSustainableDevelopment

Alongwiththeeconomicdevelopment,livingstandard’senhancement,theenvironmentquestionbecomesafocalpointwhichgraduallyattractspeople’sattention.InChina,thisproblemisratherdifferentbecauseofourheavypopulationandrapiddevelopment.Therefore,ourgovernmentputtheenvironmentalprotectionupasabasicstatepolicy.Andthen,Iwouldliketotalkabouttheenvironmentalprotectionofourcountry.

Inmyopinion,theprotectionofenvironmentisastep-by-stepprogress,weneedpatientandcare.Therearethewaysandsuggestionsofprotectingtheenvironment.Thefirstoneistomakeasynchronizationofthebuildandprotectofenvironment.Protecttheanimals,plants,forestsandwatertogetherinsteadofmerelydealwiththedamagedones.Thiscanmakeourenvironmentsustainableandprovidecontinuousrecourses.Secondly,improvepeople’senthusiasmofprotectingtheenvironment.People’ssenseofenvironmentalprotectionandtheirattendancearethemostimportantparts.Wecandomoreadvertisementsandletpeopleknowmoreaboutthis.Thirdly,makethelawsofthispartmorecomplete.Ifwewanttomakeadifferenceintheprotectionofenvironment,weneedthesupportoflaws,andtheycanbeourguarantee.

Weshouldknowtheimportanceofenvironmentalprotectionandkeepitclear.Itisinrelationshipwiththedevelopmentofoureconomic,theprogressofthesocietyandthehealthofpeople.Withtheresponsibilityofoursociety,weshoulddoitwellandmakeourenvironmentmorecleanandcomfortable.

3.单选题

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

问题1选项

A.paradox

B.junction

C.dilemma

D.premise

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项paradox“悖论，似是而非的论点”；B选项junction“连接，结合点”；C选项dilemma“困境，进退两难”；D选项premise“前提，假定”。句意：家长们经常面对这样进退两难的境况：是做自己认为对孩子发展好的事情还是继续容忍孩子没有规矩的吵闹和破坏。选项C符合句意。

4.问答题

Theteachersaidthatif(A)webelievedsomethingwas(B)trueandgoodweshould(C)holdontothem(D).

【答案】试题答案：D;it

【解析】考查代词用法。something意为“某物，某事”，其不定代词要用单数代词it，不能用them。

5.单选题

Someorganizationsfindthemselvesfacedwithnewproductopportunities,orwithprojectsthathavea（）startingandendingpoint.

问题1选项

A.definite

B.definitive

C.defined

D.defining

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项definite“一定的；明确的”；B选项definitive“最后的；确定的”；C选项defined“界定的；轮廓清晰的”；D选项defining“最典型的；起决定性作用的”。句意：一些组织发现他们自己面临着新的产品机会，或者有起点和终点的项目。根据句意可推断出空格处应为“明确的”，A、B选项均有此意，但侧重点不同，definite强调明显、清楚、有把握；definitive强调最终、权威、不可更改，侧重于最终的结果，这里是修饰“起点和终点”，并非强调结果，因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

Although（

）happenedinthatdevelopedcountrysoundslikesciencefiction,itcouldoccurelsewhereintheworld.

问题1选项

A.which

B.what

C.who

D.that

【答案】B

【解析】句意:尽管在那个发达国家发生的事情听起来像科幻小说，但是这些事情却可能在世界的其它地方发生。

语法题。考查主语从句的引导词。分析题干可知“happenedinthat

developedcountry”为although引导的让步状语从句中的主语从句,空格处应填主语从句引导词,并且在从句中充当主语成分。故选B。

7.单选题

Freewillallowsustoindulgeour_______passions;freedomleadsusinthehigherpathtounlocklife'smysticsecrets.

问题1选项

A.discharging

B.fleeting

C.colluding

D.displacing

【答案】A

【解析】discharge卸下,放出;fleet消磨;collude串通,勾结;displace转移,取代。句意：自由意志使我们能尽情释放自己的激情;自由引领我们走向更高的道路，去开启生命的奥秘。选项A符合句意。

8.单选题

Iftheheavyrainhad（）anextremehightide，seriousfloodingwouldhaveresulted.

问题1选项

A.happenedto

B.occurredto

C.coincidedwith

D.turnedout

【答案】C

【解析】动词词组辨析。happenedto“碰巧”；occurredto“想起”；coincidedwith“与……相一致”；turnedout“结果是”。句意：如果大鱼正好逢上极端高潮，可能会导致严重的洪水。选项C符合题意。

9.翻译题

ReadthefollowingpassageintoChinese

Itiswellthatyoungmenshouldbeginatthebeginningandoccupythemostsubordinatepositions.ManyoftheleadingbusinessmenofPittsburghhadaseriousresponsibilitythrustuponthemattheverythresholdoftheircareer.Theywereintroducedtothebroom,andspentthefirsthoursoftheirbusinesslivessweepingouttheoffice.Inoticewehavejanitorsandjanitressesnowinoffices,andouryoungmenunfortunatelymissthatsalutarybranchofbusinesseducation.Butifbychancetheprofessionalsweeperisabsentanymorning,theboywhohasthegeniusofthefuturepartnerinhimwillnothesitatetotryhishandatthebroom.ItdoesnothurtthenewestcomertosweepouttheofficeifnecessaryIwasoneofthosesweepersmyself.

【答案】年轻人从头做起，担任基层职位，这是件好事。匹兹堡很多有名望的商人在创业之初都身负重任。他们拿过扫把，最初都是清扫办公室。我注意到我们办公室清洁工人，这使得我们的年轻人不幸失去了一个受良好商业教训的机会。但是如果某天早晨碰巧那位清洁工人没有来，某位用于未来合伙人气质的年轻人会毫不犹豫地拿起扫把。如果有必要，新来的员工在办公室打扫并没有什么损失。我就一度自己打扫过。

10.单选题

Thetoneofthearticle（）thewriter’smoodatthetime.

问题1选项

A.reproduced

B.reflected

C.imagined

D.imitated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项reproduce“复制，繁殖”；B选项reflect“反射，反应”；C选项imagine“想象，猜想”；D选项imitate“模仿，仿制”。句意：这篇文章的语气反映了作者当时的心情。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。

11.单选题

Thepolicecarriedoutan（

）investigation,butthemissingwomanwasnotyetfound.

问题1选项

A.exhausting

B.exhaustible

C.exhaustive

D.exhausted

【答案】C

【解析】exhausting使精疲力竭的；exhaustible可被用尽的；exhaustive详尽的，彻底的；exhausted疲惫的，耗尽的。根据句意可知这里指彻底的调查，所以选项C符合句意。

12.单选题

Itwasrecommendedthatthey____forthedoctor.

问题1选项

A.wait

B.wouldwait

C.waited

D.shouldhavewaited

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.wait等待B.wouldwait等待

C.waited等待D.shouldhavewaited等待

【答案】A

【考查点】虚拟语气

【解题思路】本题考查的是虚拟语气的使用情况之一：表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句通常使用虚拟语气，其形式为should+动词原形，其中should可以省略。本题为表示建议的主语从句，空格处所填的内容为从句的谓语，因此需要使用“（should）+动词原形”，A选项wait“等待”符合要求。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合该虚拟语气的结构要求。

【句意】有人建议他们等医生。

13.单选题

Whatwillitmeantoknowthecompletehumangenome?EricLanderofMIT’sWhiteheadInstitutecomparesittothediscoveryoftheperiodictableoftheelementsinthelast1800s.“Genomicsisnowprovidingbiology’speriodictable.”saysLander.“Scientistswillknowthateveryphenomenonmustbeexplainableintermsofthislist”whichwillbeonasingleCD-ROM.AlreadyresearchersareextractingDNAfrompatients,attachingfluorescentmoleculesandsprinklingthesampleonaglasschipwhosesurfaceisspeckledwith10,000knowngenes.Alaserreadsthefluorescence,whichindicateswhichoftheknowngenesonthechipareinthemysterysamplefromthepatient.Inonlythelastfewmonthssuch“gene-expressionmonitoring”hasdiagnosedamuscletumorinaboythoughttohaveleukemia,anddistinguishedbetweentwokindsofcancerthatrequireverydifferentchemotherapy.

Butdecodingthebookoflifeposesdauntingmoraldilemmas.Withknowledgeofourgeneticcodewillcomethepowertore-engineerthehumanspecies.Biologistswillbeabletousethegenomeasapartslistmuchascustomersscouralistofchinatoreplacebrokenplatesandmaywellletprospectiveparentschoosetheirunbornchild’straits.Scientistshavesolidleadsongenesfordifferenttemperaments,bodybuilds,staturesandcognitiveabilities.AndifanyonestillbelievesthatparentswillrecoilatprayingGod,andleavetheirbaby’sfateinthehandsofnature,recallthatcoupleshavealreadycreatedafrenziedmarketineggsfromIvyLeaguewomen.

Beyondtheprofoundethicalissuesarepracticalconcerns.Theeasieritistochangeourselvesandourchildren,thelesssocietymaytoleratethosewhodonot;warnsLoriAndrewsofKentCollegeofLaw.Ifgenetictestsinuteruspredictmentaldullness,obesity,shortstatureorotherundesirabletraitsofthemoment,willsocietydisparagechildrenwhoseparentsletthembebornwiththosetraits?Already,Andrewsfinds,somenursesanddoctorsblameparentsforbringingintotheworldachildwhosebirthdefectwasdiagnosablebeforedelivery;howlongwillitbebeforethesamecondemnationappliestocosmeticimperfections?Anevengreaterconcernisthatwellintentionedchoicesbymillionsofindividualparents-to-becouldadduptounforeseenconsequencesforallofhumankind.Itjustsohappensthatsomediseasegenesalsoconferresistancetodisease:carryingageneforsicklecellanemia,forinstance,bringsresistancetomalaria.Arewesmartenough,andwiseenough,toknowhowknockingout“bad”geneswillaffectourevolutionasaspecies?

36.Themainsimilaritybetweenthebiology’speriodictableandtheperiodictableoftheelementsis______.

37.Inthesecondparagraph,“thebookoflife”refersto______.

38.WecaninferthatsomecouplesareeagertogeteggsfromIvyLeaguewomenbecause______.

39.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat______.

40.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsknowingthecompletehumangenomecanbedescribedas______.

问题1选项

A.theyarebothlists

B.theycanbeusedtoexplaineveryphenomenonintheirownfields

C.theycanbeusedtodiagnosediseases

D.theyarebothusedtocurediseases

问题2选项

A.abookwrittenbyaprophet

B.abookwrittenbyabiologist

C.theperiodictableoftheelements

D.thehumangenome

问题3选项

A.theycan’tgivebirthtochildren

B.theywanttohaveagood-lookingchild

C.theywanttohaveacleverchild

D.curiositydrivesthemtodothat

问题4选项

A.“gene-expressionmonitoring”ishelpfulincuringdiseases

B.allofthediseasegenesareharmfultohumanbeings

C.shortpeoplemayalsobelookeddownuponinfuture

D.scientistsareencouragedtodoresearchonhumangenome

问题5选项

A.critical

B.objective

C.positive

D.indifferent

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】36.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“生物学元素周期表和元素周期表的主要相似点是……”。定位第一段第二句EricLanderofMIT’sWhiteheadInstitutecomparesittothediscoveryoftheperiodictableoftheelementsinthelast1800s.（麻省理工学院怀特黑德研究所的埃里克兰德将其比作19世纪末期元素周期表的发现），第三句Genomicsisnowprovidingbiology’speriodictable.（基因组学现在提供生物学的元素周期表），以及第四句Scientistswillknowthateveryphenomenonmustbeexplainableintermsofthislist（科学家们将知道，每一种现象都必须用这张清单来解释）可知，生物学元素周期表提供的基因组学，化学元素周期表提供的是化学元素的信息，所以生物学元素周期表和化学元素周期表都是用来解释相关领域的发现和现象，B项“它们可以用来解释各自领域中的每一种现象”正确。A项“它们都是列表”表述本身没有错误，但是并没有表达出它们两者之间的真正相似点。C项“它们可以用来诊断疾病”和D项“它们都被用来治疗疾病”错误，这只能用来描述生物学元素周期表，属于以偏概全。因此，该题选择B项正确。

37.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“在第二段，‘生命之书’指的是……”。从文章第一句Whatwillitmeantoknowthecompletehumangenome?（了解完整的人类基因组意味着什么？），以及文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了解整个人类基因组将可能产生的道德困境和后果，因此thebookoflife指的就是人类基因组，D项“人类基因组”正确。A项“先知写的书”和B项“生物学家写的书”属于无中生有。C项“元素周期表”属于反向干扰。因此，该题选择D项正确。

38.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“我们可以推断，一些夫妇渴望从常春藤盟校的女性那里得到卵子，因为……”。定位到第二段，该段主要讲述了解基因组可能导致的伦理问题，第二句提到Biologistswillbeabletousethegenomeasapartslist…andmaywellletprospectiveparentschoosetheirunbornchild’straits.（生物学家将能够把基因组作为一个零件清单……而且很可能让准父母选择他们未出生孩子的特征），可知，父母可能根据自己的意愿选择未出世孩子的特征，而IvyLeague是美国东部最为著名的顶级大学之一，所以推断，有些夫妇想要IvyLeague的女性的卵子是为了得到一个聪明的孩子，C项“他们想要一个聪明的孩子”正确。A项“他们不能生孩子”和D项“好奇心驱使他们那样做”没提到，属于无中生有。B项“他们想要一个漂亮的孩子”属于曲解原文。因此，该题选择C项正确。

39.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从文章中可以得知……”。定位第一段最后一句Inonlythelastfewmonthssuch“gene-expressionmonitoring”hasdiagnosedamuscletumorinaboythoughttohaveleukemia,anddistinguishedbetweentwokindsofcancerthatrequireverydifferentchemotherapy.（仅仅在过去的几个月里，这种“基因表达监测”就诊断出一个被认为患有白血病的男孩患有肌肉肿瘤，并区分出两种需要非常不同的化疗的癌症）可知，“基因表达监测”可用来诊断疾病，但没有说可用来治疗疾病，A项“基因表达监测有助于治疗疾病”曲解原文。定位最后一段倒数第二句Itjustsohappensthatsomediseasegenesalsoconferresistancetodisease:carryingageneforsicklecellanemia,forinstance,bringsresistancetomalaria.（碰巧的是，一些疾病基因也具有抵抗疾病的能力：例如，携带镰状细胞贫血基因就能抵抗疟疾）可知，某些致病基因可使携带者又抵抗其他疾病的能力，因此B项“所有的疾病基因都对人类有害”属于反向干扰。定位第二段第一句Butdecodingthebookoflifeposesdauntingmoraldilemmas.（但是，解读生命之书带来了令人生畏的道德困境），从daunting（使人畏缩的）可知，D项“科学家被鼓励做人类基因组的研究”表达也不符合原文，属于反向干扰。最后一段提到somenursesanddoctorsblameparentsforbringingintotheworldachildwhosebirthdefectwasdiagnosablebeforedelivery;howlongwillitbebeforethesamecondemnationappliestocosmeticimperfections?（一些护士和医生已经开始指责父母把一个出生缺陷在出生前就可以诊断出来的孩子带到这个世界上，外表的不完美也会受到同样的谴责还要过多久呢？），可以看出，基因技术的发展会使改变孩子变得很容易，社会将蔑视那些具有不受欢迎特征的孩子，故C项“个子矮的人将来也可能被人看不起”符合原文。因此，该题选择C项正确。

40.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“作者对完整的人类基因组的态度可以用……来描述”。通读全文可知，文章第一段讲的是解读人类基因组的有利方面，随后两段阐述解读人类基因组可能带来的道德问题和后果，即不利影响。作者在其中并没有表达任何有情感性的词语，可见作者的态度是客观的，B项“客观的”正确。A项“批评的”、C项“积极的”和D项“冷漠的”都属于曲解原文。因此，该题选择B项正确。

14.单选题

WhenStevenfinallyemergedfromthecaveafterthirtydays,everyonepresentwas（

）.

问题1选项

A.smuggled

B.startled

C.appealed

D.stabilized

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项smuggle“走私，偷运”；B选项startle“使惊奇，使吓一跳”；C选项appeal“呼吁”；D选项stabilize“使稳固，使安定”。

句意：当史蒂文30天后终于从山洞里出来时，在场的人都吓了一跳。选项B符合句意。

15.单选题

WeareundertakingasurveytoevaluatetheextenttowhichtheeducationalsystemthatexistsinChinatodayanswerstheneedsofsociety.

问题1选项

A.areundertaking

B.theextenttowhich

C.answers

D.ofsociety

E.没有问题

【答案】E

16.单选题

Oncethequestionisput,weknow（

）trytoobtaintheanswer.

问题1选项

A.toproceedindirectionto

B.wheredirectionproceedto

C.inwhichdirectiontoproceedto

D.whichdirectionproceedtoward

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法结构。分析句子结构可知，know后面的成分为它的宾语，填空处缺少的是方式状语。选项A不定式做主语或目的状语；选项B中where引导地点状语；选项D缺少先行词。所以只有选项C正确。

17.写作题

Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtosummarizethemainideaofthefollowingpassageinplainlanguageinnomorethan50words.Youshouldwriteyoursummaryontheansweringsheer.

Whetherwelikeitornot,theworldweliveinhaschangedagreatdealinthelasthundredyears,anditislikelytochangeevenmoreinthenexthundred.Somepeoplewouldliketostopthesechangesandgobacktowhattheyseeasapurerandsimplerage.Butashistoryshows,thepastwasnotthatwonderful.Itwasnotsobadforaprivilegedminority,thougheventheyhadtodowithoutmodemmedicine,andchildbirthwashighlyriskyforwomen.Butforthevastmajorityofthepopulation,lifewasnasty,brutish,andshort.

Ifweacceptthatwecannotpreventscienceandtechnologyfromchangingourworld,wecanatleasttrytoensurethatthechangestheymakeareintherightdirections.Inademocraticsociety,thismeansthatthepublicneedstohaveabasicunderstandingofscience.Sothatitcanmakeinformeddecisionsandnotleavetheminthehandsofexperts.Atthemoment,thepublicisintwomindsaboutscience.Ithascometoexpectthesteadyincreaseinthestandardoflivingthatnewdevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyhavebroughttocontinue,butitalsodistrustssciencebecauseitdoesn’tunderstandit.ThisdistrustisevidentinthecartoonfigureofthemadscientistworkinginhislaboratorytoproduceaFrankenstein.ItisalsoanimportantelementbehindsupportfortheGreenparties.Butthepublicalsohasagreatinterestinscience,particularlyastronomy,asisshownbythelargeaudiencesfortelevisionseriessuchasTheSkyatNightandforsciencefiction.

Whatcanbedonetoharnessthisinterestandgivethepublicthescientificbackgrounditneedstomakeinformeddecisionsonsubjectslikeacidrain,thegreenhouseeffect,nuclearweapons,andgeneticengineering?Clearly,thebasismustlieinwhatistaughtinschools.Butinschoolsscienceisoftenpresentedinadryanduninterestingmanner.Childrenlearnitbyrotetopassexaminations,andtheydon'tseeitsrelevancetotheworldaroundthem.Moreover,scienceisoftentaughtintermsofequations.Althoughequationsareabriefandaccuratewayofdescribingmathematicalideas,theyfrightenmostpeople.WhenIwroteapopularbookrecently,IwasadvisedthateachequationIincludedwouldhalvethesales.Iincludedoneequation,Einstein’sfamousequation,E=mc2.MaybeIwouldhavesoldtwiceasmanycopieswithoutit.

Scientistsandengineerstendtoexpresstheirideasintheformofequationsbecausetheyneedtoknowtheprecisevaluesofquantities.Butfortherestofus,aqualitativegraspofscientificconceptsissufficient,andthiscanbeconveyedbywordsanddiagrams,withouttheuseofequations.

Thesciencepeoplelearninschoolcanprovidethebasicframework.Buttherateofscientificprogressisnowsorapidthattherearealwaysnewdevelopmentsthathaveoccurredsinceonewasatschooloruniversity.Ineverlearnedaboutmolecularbiologyortransistorsatschool,butgeneticengineeringaridcomputersaretwoofthedevelopmentsmostlikelytochangethewayweliveinthefuture.Popularbooksandmagazinearticlesaboutsciencecanhelptoputacrossnewdevelopments.Buteventhemostsuccessfulpopularbookisreadbyonlyasmallproportionofthepopulation.Onlytelevisioncanreachatrulymassaudience.TherearesomeverygoodscienceprogrammersonTV,butotherspresentscientificwonderssimplyasmagic,withoutexplainingthemorshowinghowtheyfitintotheframeworkofscientificideas.Producersoftelevisionscienceprogrammersshouldrealizethattheyhavearesponsibilitytoeducatethepublic,notjustentertainit.

【答案】Theworldpeopleliveinhaschangedgrratly,andpeopleshouldensurethatthedirectionofchangeisright.Thus,peopleneedtohaveagoodknowledgeofbasicscience.Schoolandtelevisionscienceprogramsshouldshouldertheresponsibilityofeducatingthepublic.

18.翻译题

SherryTurkleofMIT:ThehumancostofsocialtechnologyBySimonMainwaring

Inlightofalltherecentdevelopmentsaroundsocialtechnology,fromthelaunchofGoogle+toFacebook’sF8conferencelaunchofTimelineandTickerlastweek,IfeltitespeciallypertinenttosharethisinterviewwithSherryTurkleofMIT.WhatsheinvitesustoconsideristhehumancostofoursocialmediaengagementwhichseemsallthemorerelevantasnetworkslikeGoogle+andFacebookarmuswithnewtoolstobecomeevenmoreeffectiveonlinestorytellersinspiringustospendmoretimethere.

SM:HiI'mSimonMainwaring,hereattheIVOHWorldSummitintheCatskills,NewYork,andIhavethegreatpleasureofbeingherewithSherryTurkle,whoistheprofessorofSocialStudiesofScienceandTechnologyatMIT,andtheauthorofthecriticallyacclaimedbook.AloneTogether.Itissuchapleasuretochatwithyou,Sherry.Thankyouforyourtime.Now,oneofthethingsItalkaboutwhenitcomestosocialmediaisthatIbelievethattechnologyisteachingustobehumanagain,yetthethesisofyourbookmightactuallygoagainstthatproposition.Doyouthinkthat’strueornot?

ST:Ithinkthat'sacomplicatedstory.

1.Thatistosay,wearenowusingtechnologyinsomewaysthataredistancingusfromeachother,butI’moptimisticbecauseIthinksomanyofusarestartingtorealizethatsomethingisgoingamisswhenwehavedinnerwithfriendsandeveryonehasaphoneonthetableandinterruptsconversationsinordertotakethosecalls.WhenIwalkedthedunesofCapeCodthatThoreauwalked,andeverybodyiswalkingthoseduneswiththeirheadsdowntothosedevices,somethingisgoingamiss.Wheneveryoneisansweringemailsinsteadoftalkingtocolleaguesatwork,somethingisgoingamiss.Soit’sgood,butweneedtomakeitgoodforus.

SM:Whatwouldyousayisbeinglost,andwhatisthecostofthat?

ST:Well,I’veinterviewedhundredsofyoungpeopleandhundredsofolderpeopleandIthinkthatoneofthethingsthatisbeinglostistheabilitytotoleratesolitude.InmyownstudiesIcallit,“Ishare,thereforeIam.”Thatistosay,yougofromapositionwhereyousay“Ihaveafeeling,Iwanttomakeacall,”toapositionwhereyousay“Iwanttohaveafeeling,Ineedtosendatext.”

2.Sowhat’sbeinglostistheabilitytoexperienceyourthoughtsandfeelingswithoutimmediatelysharingthemandyoulosethecapacitytocollaboratebecausecollaborationisinfusion.Youneedtocometocollaborationwithasenseofself,withyourownideasandconfidenceinyourself.Youlosethecapacityforcertainkindsofleadershipbecause,again,leadershiprequiresanabilitytolead,notjusttopoll.

3.Soyoufeellikewe’relosingtheabilitytobepresentbecausewe’reinsuchahurrytopassonthatexperiencethatwealmostcutourselvesoutoftheequation.

ST:Yes.Andwe’resubstitutingconnectionforconversation.Ithinkthat’sveryimportant.Thismovefromconversationtoconnection,andwe’realmostforgettinghownurturingconversationis.OverandoverI’veinterviewedpeoplewhobasicallytellme“Don’tcall.”InAloneTogetherIhaveachaptertitledPleaseDon’tCall.Thelastthingtheywantisatelephonecall.Itwouldtaketoomuchtime.It’stoodangerous.Toomuchmightshow.Theydon’twanttobeinterrupted.It’seasiertosendanemailorsendatextandnothavetherisksofshowingthemselvesinaconversation.

SM:Wouldyoucharacterizethisasafunctionoftheneedtonowliveinpublicatalltimes,toalwaysbe“on”?Isthatthechallengethatwe’reallfacingnow,because,giventheopportunitytodoitwithsocialmediaandtheseotherplatforms,wefeelobligatedtodoso?

ST:Thereareseveralthings.We’vegivenourselvesanopportunitytohide.Socialmedia,forallofit’sbounties—andI’mveryenthusiasticofallthebountiesofsocialmedia—italsogivesusanopportunitytohide.

4.Weperformourselvesonsocialmedia,andthatisdifferentfrombeingourselvesonsocialmedia.Thatabilitytoperformyourselfisalsoanabilitytohide.Itleadstosomethingthatcall“Fearofmissingout.”You’realwayswatchingwhatotherpeoplearedoingandyoubeingtobejealousbecausetheirshowingtheirbestselvesandyou’reshowingyourbestself.YoualmostbecomejealousofthelifeyouliveonFacebook.Youhavetoremindyourselfthatit’syourlifebecauseyou’reshowingyourbestself.

SM:Letmeaskyouaquestionaboutthat.Howdifferentisthattotheversionofourselvesthatwepresentintherealworld,albeitonlytooneortwoorfivepeopleatatime?Isitworsebecausewecanreachamassaudience?

ST:No,it’sworsebecause...we’resittingheretogetherand,ofcourse,I’minaroleandyou’reinarole,butbecausewe’reheretogether,certainthingsshow.We’reanimals,we’rehumanbeingsand,really,bythefactthatwe’reheretogether,weshowourselvestoeachother,werevealourselvestoeachother.Onthenetwork,wecanfakeit.Wecanperformourselvesinawaywherethereisamorepolishedself.Iinterviewpeoplewhoreallydescribetomethetimeandthecaretheytakeonwhattheypresentintheirsocialmediapresence.It’slikewe’replayingavatarsofourselves.

SM:5.Ifyouhadtocharacterizeitintwoways,thelongtermeffectsonthis,whatisthebestcasescenario,theupside,andtheworstcasescenario.Giveusthespectrumofconsequence.

ST:Bestcasescenario...Myfavoritelineinmybookis,“Justbecausewegrewupwiththeinternet,wethinktheinternetisallgrownup,anditisn’t,andit’stimetomakethecorrections.”Ithinkwe’reataturningpointnowwherewe’rereadytoreassessandliveasanerandhealthierlife.Ithinkthecorporateworldisreadytobemoreattentivetothesocialandemotionalneedsofbothitsconsumersanditsworkers.Ithinkthatpeoplearereadytobemoreattentivetolivingasanerlifeintheironlinepresence.Wedon’twanttobeinterrupted.6.Sotheplussideisthatwe’reatamomentwherewe’regoingtobeabletoenjoythebountiesofthistechnologyandminimizeitscost.Thedownsideisthatwearesomehow,justlikethere’safogofwar,there’safogoftechnology.TeachingatMITfor30years,Icantellyouthattechnologycanmakeusforgetwhatweknowaboutlife,andoneofthethingsthatwe’reforgettingrightnowistheimportanceofconversationandoftrulybeingwitheachotherinthewaysthatmatter.

SM:Yetyou’restilloptimistic.Whyareyouoptimistic?Whatgivesyouhope?

ST:7.I’moptimisticbecauseIthinkhumanbeingswanttobewitheachotherandrealizethenurturanceandthesustainingeffectsofbeingwitheachotherandcommunicatingwitheachother.Ithinkthatthere’samovementIseeintheresonanceinmyworkandintheworkofotherpeoplewhoarestartingtohavethiskindofmessage,includingyourselfactually,thatthere’sstartingtobeaconvergenceinthecorporateworldandconsumerworldofrealizingthatthesetwoworldshaveintereststhatarestartingtocometogetherbyusingthistechnologyinmorehumaneways,inwaysthatarebetterforthesocialgood.

SM:Ican’ttellyouhowexcitedIambythebook.Thatfifteen-yearstudyontheimpactofscienceandtechnologyisabsolutelyincredible.Ihighlyrecommendittoeveryone.Whereelsecanpeoplefindyouonline?

ST:Forthebook,goto,orgoogleSherryTurkleandmywebpagewithallmywritingsandresearchwillbeonthat.

SM:Thankyouforgivingusthegiftofallyourthinking.Arealpleasuretomeetyou,Sherry.

【答案】1.也就是说，我们现在使用的技术在某些方面正使我们相互疏远。但对此我很乐观。我们和一群朋友一起吃饭时，每个人都带着手机，电话铃响起时却不得不中断交谈。已经有一些人认识到其中的问题了

2.因此，你失去的是一种无需立即分享就独自体验你的想法和感受的能力，且由于合作需要融入，你也失去了合作的能力。

3.所以你会觉得我们正在失去活在当下的能力，因为我们太急于将这种体验传递下去，以至于我们几乎把自己隔离起来。

4.我们在社交媒体上表现自己，这和在社交媒体前做自己是不同的。这种自我表现的能力也是一种隐藏的能力，这最终会变成我说的“害怕错过”。

5.如果你必须用两种方式来描述它的长期影响，那就是最好的情况与最坏的结果。给出结果可能出现的范围。

6.因此，好的一面是，我们现在能够享受这项技术的好处并将其代价降到最低。坏的一面是，就像战争一样，我们需要面对“科技的迷雾”。

7.我很乐观，因为我认为人们想要同彼此在一起，认识到彼此相处和交流的滋养和持续效果。

19.单选题

Theframeworkofthespecialtheoryofrelativitycanbeconstructedfromtheassumptionofabsoluteinvariabilityofthespeedoflight.

问题1选项

A.argumentation

B.hypothesis

C.conviction

D.definition

【答案】B

【解析】句意：狭义相对论的框架可以由光速的绝对不变性的假设来构建。assumption假定，设想；argumentation争论，论证；hypothesis假设；conviction定罪，确信；definition定义，解说。选项B与之意思相近。

20.单选题

Ihavetrouble（）thistaskwithinthisweek.

问题1选项

A.infinishing

B.tofinish

C.forfinishing

D.onfinishing

【答案】A

【解析】考查语法。havetroubleindoingsth做某事有麻烦。故A项正确。句意：我有困难在这周内完成这项任务。

21.单选题

TheUnitedNationsConferenceonDrugAbuse,whichtookplaceearlierthisyearinVienna,wasavery（

）meeting.

问题1选项

A.productive

B.overwhelming

C.compulsory

D.protective

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。productive“多产的，富有成效的”；overwhelming“压倒性的”；compulsory“强制的”；protective“保护的”。句意：今年早些时候联合国在维也纳召开的滥用药品大会取得了相当大的成果。选项A符合题意。

22.单选题

Rainwaterhasbegunto（

）theroofofmyhouse.

问题1选项

A.transfer

B.penetrate

C.urge

D.ventilate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。transfer“转让，转移”；penetrate“渗透，刺入”；urge“催促，推进，鼓励”；