(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时精炼 选择性必修第二册　Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land (含详解)

选择性必修第二册Unit4JourneyAcrossaVastLand阅读·提速练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·江苏泰州质检)CheckoutsomefunweekendactivitiesfromourfriendsatArizonaParenting.WalkintheWild：WalkorrunforwildlifeatthePhoenixZoo’sWalkintheWild2016.Putonyourfavoriteanimaldressandtakepartintheonemileor5K，enjoyingthesightsandsoundsoftheZoo.WalkintheWildincludesamorningfullofuniqueactivitiesyouwon’tfindatanyothervalleywalk，includingall-dayzooadmissionandalakesideafter-party.Registeronline.6－10a．m.PhoenixZoo,455NorthGalvinParkway，Phoenix.602－286－3800.FreeMuseumDay：ItishostedbySesameStreetandHBOattheChildren’sMuseumofPhoenix.Kidscanparticipateinactivities，enjoyaperformancebytheSesameStreetMuppetsandgettojointheEverydayHeroesClub.Anactofkindnessisallittakestobecomeamember.Performancesandactivitieswilltakeplaceat10：30－11：30a．m.and1：30－2：30p．m.9a．m.－4p．m.Children’sMuseumofPhoenix,215N．7thStreet，Phoenix.602－253－0501.SundayA’Fair：SundayA’FairfeaturesfreeoutdoorconcertsinScottsdaleCivicCenterParkbytopArizonamusicians，alongwithanarts-and-craftsmarket，funactivitiesforchildrenandfamilies，guidedtoursofthesculpturesintheparkandfreeadmissiontoScottsdaleMuseumofContemporaryArt(SMoCA)．Guestsareinvitedtobringblankets，lawnchairsorpicnicbaskets，andenjoyarelaxingafternoonofgreatentertainment.Deliciousfoods，snacks，beer，wineandsoftdrinksarealsoavailableforpurchase.12－4p．m.ScottsdaleCenterforthePerformingArts,7380E．2ndSt.，Scottsdale.480－994－ARTS(2787)．语篇解读本文是一篇应用文，介绍了一本杂志提供的几项有趣的周末活动。1．WhatcanchildrendoatWalkintheWild?A．Joininthe5-milewalk.B．Attendcoursesforfree.C．Wearanimal-shapedclothes.D．Enjoygoodcompanyofwildanimals.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Putonyourfavoriteanimaldressandtakepartintheonemileor5K，enjoyingthesightsandsoundsoftheZoo.”可知，在WalkintheWild活动中，孩子们可以穿上他们最喜欢的动物造型的衣服。故选C项。2．WhatqualificationisneededtojointheEverydayHeroesClub?A．Doagooddeed.B．Donatemoneytotheclub.C．Beactiveinschoolactivities.D．Bereadytohelpprotectwildlife.答案A解析细节理解题。根据FreeMuseumDay中的“Anactofkindnessisallittakestobecomeamember.”可知，一个小小的善举就可以成为EverydayHeroesClub的会员。故选A项。3．Wherecanonegotobuysomeworksofart?A．ThePhoenixZoo.B．ScottsdaleCivicCenterPark.C．TheChildren’sMuseumofPhoenix.D．ScottsdaleMuseumofContemporaryArt.答案B解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“inScottsdaleCivicCenterParkbytopArizonamusicians，alongwithanarts-and-craftsmarket”可知，ScottsdaleCivicCenterPark有艺术品市场，在这里可以买到艺术品，故选B项。B(2021·湖南名校联考)Itwasaveryhotdayinlatesummer.Iwasayoungdadworkinginalocalwoodmill.Itwasdangerous，back-breakingworkthatpaidverylittle.IntheyearIhadworkedthereonlyfourotherpeoplehadn’tquitandbeenreplacedwithnewfaces.Thoseofuswhostayeddidsoonlybecausetherewasnootherworktofindtosupportourfamilies.Onthisdaythefansweren’tworkingandallofuswerecoveredinsweatandsawdust.WhenIlookedaround，everyfaceIsawlookedangryandfrustrated.Suddenly，avoicecalledout，“Hey!There’sadeerinhere.”Alostlittledoehadwanderedthroughtheopenloadingbaydoorsandwasnowcowering(蜷缩)inbetweenthehugestacksofwood.Allofusstoppedworkingandwentlookingforherassheranaboutlookingforawayout.NowmostpeoplewhereIlivehuntdeerformeatinthefall，butalsotreatthemwithgreatkindnesstherestoftheyear.Manywillevenbuy50lbbagsofcorntohelpfeedthemduringtheharshwintermonths.Itwasnosurprisethenthatallofusweresoonquicklyworkingtogethertofreethislittledoe.Byblockingoffalltheotherrouteswewereabletoguideherpanicsearchbacktotheopenbaydoors.Wewatchedasshejumpedoutofthebuildingandbackintothewoods.Thenwewalkedbackintowork.Inoticedsomething，though.Oneveryfacetherewasajoyfulsmile.Itwasasifthisonesingleactofkindnesshadenergizedusagainandremindedusofwhatlifewasallabout.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和同事一起在木场帮助一只迷路的小鹿返回森林的故事。4．Whywerefewpeoplewillingtoworkinthewoodmill?A．Theywantedmorefreedom.B．Theydidn’tliketheboss.C．Thepayandconditionswerebad.D．Theywantedmorepleasure.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Itwasdangerous，back-breakingworkthatpaidverylittle.”可知，工作环境恶劣，工资低是木场留不住人的关键。故选C项。5．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A．Theworkersoftensawadeerthere.B．Thedeerwasalighttothedullwork.C．Thedeerwastrappedinabigwell.D．Alltheworkerswantedtocatchthedeer.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，工人们工作得非常辛苦，但是当听到有小鹿迷路的时候，大家停下手中的工作，开始帮助它。由此可推知，对于工人们来说，这只鹿像是一束光，给他们无聊的工作带来了乐趣。故选B项。6．Howdidthemenfreethedeerintheend?A．Byopeningoneroute.B．Bydroppingsomefood.C．Byusingfamiliarsignals.D．Byimitatinganotherdeer.答案A解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Byblockingoffalltheotherrouteswewereabletoguideherpanicsearchbacktotheopenbaydoors.”可知，通过堵住其他路线，只留下小鹿可以逃走的门，小鹿得以返回森林。故选A项。7．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheworkers?A．Bad-temperedbutpatient.B．Hard-workingandloving.C．Cautiousandcourageous.D．Bad-temperedanddemanding.答案B解析推理判断题。阅读全文可知，文章一开始提到这里工作艰苦工资又低，但是他们坚持留了下来。最后当小鹿有麻烦时，他们能帮助小鹿返回森林。综合分析，文章充分说明了工人们工作努力，且有爱心。故选B项。C(2021·山东、湖北联考)“Whileanimalscan’tpickoutprecisenumbers，theycanunderstandthatmoreismore.Interestingly，weknownowthatnumerical(数字的)competenceispresentonalmosteverybranchoftheanimaltreeoflife，”saysAndreasNieder，aneurobiologistfromtheUniversityofTuebingen.“Differentgroupsofanimalsobviouslydevelopedthistrait(特点)independentlyfromothersandthatstronglyindicatesthatithastobeofadaptivevalue.”Honeybees，forinstance，canrememberthenumberoflandmarkstheypasswhensearchingforfoodinordertofindtheirwaybacktothehive.Thelastcommonancestorbetweenhoneybeesandprimateslivedabout600millionyearsago.Butstill，theyevolvednumericalcompetencethat，inmanyrespects，iscomparabletovertebrate(脊椎动物的)numericalcompetence.Also，forexample，malefrogssing“advertisement”callstoattractfemales.Thefemales，listeningforthecomplexityoftheircalls，choosethemalethatsingsthemostcalls.Wolvesaremorelikelytohuntsuccessfullyiftheyhavetherightnumberofwolvesintheirpackforthesizeoftheirprey(猎物)：Withpreylikedeer，onlyaroundsixtoeightwolvesareneeded，whilehuntingwildoxrequiresapackofninetothirteen.Theirpreyalsousesthisconcepttoprotectthemselvesfrompredators—deertendtoliveinlargeherdstoreducethechanceofanyindividualbecomingprey.Soobviouslytheyareassessingthenumberofindividualsintheirgroupsfortheireverydaylifesituations.Despitethesemanyexamplesofnumericalcompetenceinanimals，thissubjecthasnotgottenmanyfirst-handstudies.“Manyofthesebehavioralfindingsinthewildhaveusuallybeencollectedasby-productsoraccidentalfindingsofotherresearchquestions，”saysNieder.Hearguesthatmoreresearchneedstobedonetofullyunderstandthenumericalcompetence.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了最近的一项研究表明，动物不仅具有理解数字的能力，而且这一能力还对它们的日常生活有着巨大的影响。8．Thephenomenonofanimalshavingtheirownnumericalcompetenceshowsthat.A．allgroupsofanimalsarerelatedinsomewaysB．numericalcompetencemusthaveasurvivalbenefitC．theintelligenceofanimalsvarieswithdifferentenvironmentsD．animals’numericalcompetenceisdeterminedbytheiradaptability答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Differentgroupsofanimalsobviouslydevelopedthistrait(特点)independentlyfromothersandthatstronglyindicatesthatithastobeofadaptivevalue.”以及第二段的例子可推知，动物具有数字能力是为了生存需要。故选B。9．Whatroledoesnumericalcompetenceplayinwolves’hunting?A．Ithelpsthemformhuntinggroups.B．Itgivesthemmoreoptionstohunt.C．Itmakesthemdiscovermoreprey.D．Itoffersthemnewskillstohunt.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Wolvesaremorelikelytohuntsuccessfullyiftheyhavetherightnumberofwolvesintheirpackforthesizeoftheirprey(猎物)．..”可知，如果狼群中狼的数量与猎物的大小相符，狼更有可能成功捕食，由此可知，在狼的狩猎中数字能力能帮助它们形成狩猎群体。故选A。10．Howdoestheauthormainlydevelopthistext?A．Bylistingfigures.B．Byaskingquestions.C．Bygivingexamples.D．Bymakingcomparisons.答案C解析篇章结构题。根据第二段中的“Honeybees，forinstance...”“Also，forexample，malefrogssing‘advertisement’callstoattractfemales.”和第三段中的“Wolvesaremore...deertendtoliveinlargeherds...”可知，作者是通过列举honeybees，frogs，wolves，deer这些例子来阐明文章的。故选C。11．Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A．Abiologytextbook.B．Ahealthmagazine.C．Atravelbrochure.D．Aresearchpaper.答案D解析文章出处题。阅读文章，并根据最后一段中的“Despitethesemanyexamplesofnumericalcompetenceinanimals，thissubjecthasnotgottenmanyfirst-handstudies.”可知，本文讲述了最近的一项研究表明，动物不仅具有理解数字的能力，而且这一能力还对它们的日常生活有着巨大的影响，所以本文应该选自一篇研究论文。故选D。D(2021·山东济南质检)Europeanresearcherssaytheyhavecreatedaprocessthatcanproduceoxygenfrommoondust.Theprocesscouldprovideamajorsourceofoxygenforhumanstakingpartinmoonexplorationactivitiesinthefuture.ResearchersfromtheEuropeanSpaceAgency，orESA，carriedouttheexperimentsatalaboratoryintheNetherlands.TheteamsaysESA’sexperimental“plant”wasabletosuccessfullyproduceoxygenfromsimulatedmoondust.Thedustispartofamaterialknownasregolith，atoplayerofdirtandrockpiecesthatsitonthesurfaceofthemoon.Samplesofregolithreturnedfromthemoonhaveconfirmedthatthematerialcontainsabout45percentoxygenbyweight.However，theoxygenischemicallylockedintheformofmineralsorglass，soitisnoteasilyavailableforuse.Havingrealsamplesofregolithfromthemoonmadeitpossiblefortheresearcherstocreatethesimulatedmoondustmaterialusedduringtesting.Theoxygenextraction(提取)processiscarriedoutusingamethodcalledmoltensaltelectrolysis(熔盐电解)．Thisincludesfirstplacingtheregolithinametalcontainer.Calciumchloridesaltisaddedtothemixture，whichisthenheatedto950degreesCelsius.Atthistemperature，theregolithremainssolid.Next，anelectricalcurrentispassedthroughthematerial.Theresearcherssayitisthisstepthatresultsinoxygenbeingextractedfromtheregolith.Thestudyreportedthatupto96percentofoxygeninthesimulatedmoondustwasextractedduringtheexperiments.ESA’slong-termgoalistodesignanoxygen-producing“pilotplant”tooperatefull-timeonthemoon.Thefirsttechnologydemonstrationofthesystemisexpectedtotakeplaceinthemiddle2020s.BethLomax，aleadresearcherontheproject，said，“Beingabletoacquireoxygenfromresourcesfoundonthemoonwouldobviouslybehugelyusefulforfuturelunarsettlers，bothforbreathingandthelocalproductionofrocketfuel.”Theresearchersreportedthat“asabonus”，theprocessalsoresultsintheproductionofusablemetallicmaterials.ESAandtheUSspaceagencyNASAarebothworkingonplanstoreturnhumanbeingstothemoon.NASAhassetagoalfor2024withtheaimtokeephumansonthemoonforlongperiods.语篇解读本文是一篇新闻报道。欧洲研究人员称他们已经成功地从月球尘埃中提取出氧气。这项工程对于未来的月球定居者来说是非常有用的。12．Whyisoxygenfrommoondustdifficulttouse?A．Itistoughforhumanbeingstogetmoondust.B．Itischemicallyfixedintheformofmineralsorglass.C．Theconditionsofmoondustareterrible.D．Thereexitsonlyalittleofit.答案B解析细节理解题。由第二段中的“However，theoxygenischemicallylockedintheformofmineralsorglass，soitisnoteasilyavailableforuse.”可知，月球尘埃中的氧气难以使用是因为它以化学方式固定在矿物质或玻璃中。故选B项。13．Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?A．Whatmoltensaltelectrolysisis.B．Wherethevalueofthestudylies.C．Howoxygenisextractedfrommoondust.D．Whatisnecessaryintheoxygenextractionprocess.答案C解析段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，第三段主要讲了如何从月球尘埃中提取氧气。故选C项。14．WhatisBethLomax’sattitudetowardsthepossibilityofgettingoxygenfrommoondust?A．Positive. B．Skeptical.C．Cautious. D．Indifferent.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第四段BethLomax说的话可知，BethLomax对于能够从月球尘埃中获取氧气的可能性持积极态度。故选A项。15．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．RecentStudiesofMoonDustbyResearchersB．HowResearchersExtractedOxygenfromMoonDustC．PotentialSignificanceofOxygenExtractedfromMoonDustD．ResearchersReportExtractingOxygenfromMoonDustSuccessfully答案D解析标题归纳题。从首段“Europeanresearcherssaytheyhavecreatedaprocessthatcanproduceoxygenfrommoondust.”可知，文章主要讲述了欧洲研究人员称他们已成功地从月球尘埃中提取出了氧气。故选D项。Ⅱ.七选五(2021·浙江质检)Ifyourroommatesnoresinawaythatispreventingyoufromgettingyourmuch-neededzzz’severynight，you’llneedtoaddressthesituationassoonaspossible.Doingsowisely，however，islikelytoincreaseyourchancesoffindingaworkablesolutionthateveryoneishappywith.•FirstandForemost，MentionIttoYourRoommateIfyourroommatesnoresalot，you’llhavetobringitupifyou’reevergoingtomovetowardasolution.1Avoidangryaccusationslike“Yousnoresomuch！”or“Whyareyousnoringlikethatallthetime？”•RememberThatSnoringCanIndicateSomeOtherIssuesDon’tjustviewsnoringasabadhabit;itcanbeamedicalissueforsomepeople，too.Themultiplecausesofsnoringshouldhelpyoukeepinmindthatthisisn’tsomethingthatcanjustbefixed，likeadirtyroommateoronewhotakesyourstuffallofthetime.2•FindSomeTemporaryFixesAsyouandyourroommateworktofindlong-termsolutionstothesnoringproblem，lookintosomeshort-termfixesfirst.Canyougetearplugs?3Rearrangethebedsofyourroomsotheyaren’tsoclose?Perhapsyoucanaskyourroommatetoavoidalcoholbeforebed，orlookintogettingandusingawhitenoisemachine.•LookintoLong-termFixesYourroommatemightjustneedtochangesomesleepinghabits;similarly，theymightalsohavesomeseriousmedicalconcernsthataren’tgoingtobefixedquitesoeasily.4Knowthatit’sperfectlyokayforoneofthosefixestob