(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时作业选择性必修一 Unit 5 Working the Land (含解析)

PAGEUNIT5WorkingtheLandA组·基础巩固Ⅰ.语法填空A(2020·湖南长沙模拟)Chickensareexcellentnaturalenemiesoflocusts(蝗虫).Onaverage,onechickencancatchover600locustsadayandcancover0.6acresofgrassland.1.________(official)inChina'sXinjianghavehandedoutover2,200chickenstolocalfarmers,2.________(hope)tocontrollocusts.Therehasbeenadeclineinthelocustpopulationinseveralcounties3.________themeasurehasbeenadopted.Areportpredicted4.________(high)thannormalincidentsoflocustsforthenorthernpartofChina,5.________(main)owingtowarmerwintertemperature.Nearly10,000acresinWushicountyhavealreadybeendestroyedbylocusts.PreviouseffortstokilllocustsinXinjiangincludedpesticides(杀虫剂)that,whileeffective,also6.________(end)upkillingoffbeneficialinsectsandharmingtheecosystem.Alternatively,only100chickenslastyearinWushicountywereabletoeffectivelylimitdamage7.________morethan1,300acres.Thisisn'tthefirsttimeChina8.________(use)birdsagainstlocusts.AstoryfromTheTelegraphdescribedhowofficialstrained700,000chickensandducks9.________(run)afterandconsumelocustsatthesoundofawhistle.Thecampaign,whichincludednearly280,000people,wasaresponsetothecountry'sworstlocustoutbreakin10.________quartercentury.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。中国新疆的牧场面对蝗虫灾害，采取了生态措施，利用鸡、鸭捕杀蝗虫，最终取得了良好的效果。1.Officials考查名词单复数。official为可数名词，根据谓语havehandedout可知，主语应用复数形式，故填Officials。2.hoping考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语havehandedout，此处与谓语之间无连词连接，由此判断此处应用非谓语动词，hope与主语Officials之间是逻辑上的主动关系应用现在分词作状语。故填hoping。3.where考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为counties，指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。4.higher考查形容词的比较级。句意：一份报告预测，中国北部地区的蝗虫数量将高于正常水平，其主要原因是冬季气温升高。根据空后的than可知，此处应用比较级。5.mainly考查副词。句意见上一题解析。此处修饰介词短语owingto，应该用副词作状语，mainly意为“主要地”。6.ended考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，设空处作从句谓语，根据主句中的谓语动词included可以判断，从句应该用一般过去时。故填ended。7.to考查介词。句意：另外，去年在乌什县，仅仅100只鸡就能够有效地将损失限制在1300多英亩。limit...to...意为“把……限于……”，为固定搭配，故填to。8.hasused考查动词的时态。Thisis/was(not)thefirsttime(that)...为固定句型，意为“这(不)是第一次……”，当主句谓语是is时，that从句应该用现在完成时，故填hasused。9.torun考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式作目的状语，故填torun。10.a考查冠词。句意：这场近28万人参与的运动，是为了应对国家近25年里最严重的蝗灾爆发。根据语境，此处应表示“近25年里”。aquarter意为“四分之一”，故填a。BTherobotlawnmowers(割草机)1.________(design)byushavethefollowingbenefitsbesidessavingyourtimeandeffort.First,theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.Withglobalwarmingnow2.________(be)amajorconcernyoucanhavepeaceofmindwiththesemowers.Theyrunonrechargeablebatteriesanddonotusepetrolorburnoillikeconventionallawnmowers.Second,theyworkvery3.________(quiet).Aftercarefulassessment,noisefromthem4.________(find)tobeabout60decibels(分贝)lowerthanatypicallawnmower,soyoucanprogrammethemtoworkatnightwhileyousleep.Third,rainsensorsinourrobotlawnmowerswarntherobot5.________(return)toitsshelterorstayinitsshelterwhileit'sraining.On6.________otherhand,ifyouareusingasimpleelectriclawnmower,youwillhavetostayoutintherainwhileyougetyourmowerundershelter7.________itwillbeuseless.Fourth,bumpsensorsinourrobotlawnmowerprotectthelawnmowerfromrunningoveritems8.________maybelyingintheyard,thusincreasingitslifeandefficiency.Lastbutnotleast,theyare9.________(benefit)forpeoplewithallergyproblems—theycancutyourgrasswhileyousitfaraway,readingyourfavouritenovel10.________comfort.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机器人割草机的优点。1.designed考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语修饰robotlawnmowers，design与robotlawnmowers之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且design所表示的动作已发生，故填designed。2.being考查非谓语动词。此处是with复合结构作状语，因globalwarming与be之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且be所表示的状态与谓语动词所表示的状态同时存在，故填being。3.quietly考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词work，故填副词quietly。4.wasfound考查被动语态。由Aftercarefulassessment可知，此处用一般过去时，又因noise与find之间是被动关系，故填wasfound。5.toreturn考查非谓语动词。warnsb./sth.todosth.意为“提醒某人/某物做某事”。6.the考查冠词。ontheotherhand为固定搭配，意为“另一方面”。7.or/otherwise考查连词。设空处连接两个分句，表示“否则，要不然”，故填or/otherwise。8.that/which考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词items，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。9.beneficial考查形容词。设空处作表语，意为“有益的，有帮助的”，故填beneficial。10.in考查介词。incomfort意为“舒适地”。Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子1.最使我伤脑筋的是他似乎对他的功课不感兴趣。(what引导主语从句)What_bothers_me_most_isthatheseemstotakenointerestinhisschoolwork.2.随着时间的推移，我逐渐意识到健康的重要性。①As_time_goes_by,_Igraduallyrealisetheimportanceofhealth.(状语从句)②With_time_going_by,_Igraduallyrealisetheimportanceofhealth.(with复合结构)3.据说到目前为止汤姆已经记住了2000个汉字。(besaidtodo...)Tomis_said_to_have_learnedbyheart2,000Chinesecharactersuptonow.4.一心致力于教育失聪儿童，这位年轻的女士很少有时间照顾她自己的女儿。①Theyoungladydevotes_herself_to_teachingthedeafchildren,soshehaslittletimetocareforherowndaughter.(devote)②Devoting_herself_to_teachingthedeafchildren,theyoungladyhaslittletimetocareforherowndaughter.(现在分词短语作状语)③Devoted_to_teachingthedeafchildren,theyoungladyhaslittletimetocareforherowndaughter.(过去分词短语作状语)5.这幅图画让我深信做一个好女儿比做一个“好”学生更重要。(convince)The_picture_convinces_me_thatitisevenmoreimportanttobeagooddaughterthanagoodstudent.B组·能力提升Ⅰ.阅读理解PrateekSharmawasbornintoafamilyoffarmers.After10yearsofbeingachiefmanagerofKotakMahindraBank,hedidagoodjobandearnedagoodpay.ButPrateekcouldn'tcontinuethecorporationlifewithease,ashisheartwasalwaysinfarming.Soheworkedasabankeronweekdaysandonweekendstravelled100kmtogettohis5­acrefarminDhabaKhurd.Bytheendof2015,Prateekhadsetupahouseonhisfarmtogrowoffseasonvegetables.Prateekthoughthe'dquithisjoboncehewasabletoearnenoughfromfarming,butthiswasn'taneasydecisiontomake.Thiswasbecausecoststogrowthesevegetableswereveryhigh,alongwiththefactthatfarmersweren'tapartofthevaluechainandthuscouldn'tdecidethepriceoftheirownvegetables.Fortunately,PrateekmetVinayYadav,anothereducatedfarmer.Theythendecidedtostarttheirownvaluechainandselltheirvegetablesandgrains,whileskippingthemiddlemen.Thevarietyofvegetablestheygrewwasn'tenough,sotheydecidedtoformagroupoffarmers.Oncetheplanwasready,thegroupwasregisteredbythenameofFarmerProducerOrganisation(FPO).However,thetrialfailedinthefirstyearasmostofthefarmersweregraingrowersandhadlimitedknowledgeofgrowingvegetables.However,thelargestreasonwastheswitchtoorganicfromchemical.Luckily,oncethesoilwasusedtoorganicmethods,thenextroundofcropsweresuccessfulandtheFPOhadagoodamountofproduce.Soattheendof2017,Prateekfinallyquithisjobanddevotedallhistimetofarming.Nowhe'ssuccessfulandrecentlyhisteamhasstartedtwofarmerresourcecentresatDhabaKhurdandNathrulaCanj.1.WhydidPrateekhavetroublecontinuinghislifeasabanker?A.Hefeltitsoboringtobeabanker.B.Healmostneversatisfiedhisboss.C.Hefoundfarmingeasiertodowell.D.Hewasenthusiasticaboutfarming.2.WhywasitdifficultforPrateektodecideonquittinghisjob?A.Thepricesoforganicproductsarelow.B.Theincomefromfarmingwasn'tmuch.C.Hehadnomoneytoputintofarming.D.Hefoundfarmproduceishardtosell.3.WhatdidPrateekandVinayYadavsetaboutdoingaftertheymet?A.Raisingthepricesoftheirproducts.B.Buildingtheirownmarketingsystem.C.Switchingfromchemicaltoorganic.D.Addingthekindsofvegetablesgrown.4.WhatmainlyresultedinthefailureofFPO'sfirstyeartrial?A.Theirnoexperienceingrowingvegetables.B.Theirpoormanagementontheemployees.C.Thesoil'snotadaptingtoorganicfarming.D.Thewrongwaysofdoingorganicfarming.【语篇解读】本文是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了PrateekSharma的创业经历。他出生在一个农民家庭，他对农业充满热情，他很难下决定辞职是因为来自农业的收入并不多。在2017年年底，Prateek终于辞掉了工作，把所有的时间都花在了农业上。现在他已经成功了，最近他的团队已经在DhabaKhurd和NathrulaCanj建立了两个农民资源中心。1.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ButPrateekcouldn'tcontinuethecorporationlifewithease,ashisheartwasalwaysinfarming.”可知，Prateek不能轻松地继续他的银行家生涯是因为他对农业充满热情。故选D。2.B细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Prateekthoughthe'dquithisjoboncehewasabletoearnenoughfromfarming,butthiswasn'taneasydecisiontomake.”可知，Prateek很难决定辞职是因为来自农业的收入并不多，故选B。3.B细节理解题。根据第三段中“Theythendecidedtostarttheirownvaluechainandselltheirvegetablesandgrains”可知，Prateek和VinayYadav相遇后建立了自己的营销体系。故选B。4.C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“However,thelargestreasonwastheswitchtoorganicfromchemical.”可知，不适应有机农业主要导致了FPO的第一年试验失败。故选C。Ⅱ.七选五Howtobestprotectyourimportantfiles?Shouldyourelyononeofthemanycloudservicesavailabletoday?Theansweris“Yes”.Here'sfourreasonstoinvestincloudstorage.1.Cloudservices—suchasOneDrive,iCloud,GoogleDrive,andDropbox—canprotectyourdatafromlocalthreats,suchastheft,fire,flood,nastyvirusandharddrivefailure.2，hemighttakeyourharddrive,too,unlessyoustoreitelsewhere.Afloodorfirecoulddestroybothyourcomputerandharddriveifkeptinthesameplace.Anywhereaccess.Withcloudservices,youcanaccessyourbacked­upstuff—suchasdocumentsormedia—fromvirtuallyanyInternet­connectedcomputer,tabletorsmartphoneintheworld.Mostcloudserviceshavefreeappsthatmakeiteasytodownloadoruploadfilesfromyourmobiledevice.3.Sharingissupereasy.Cloudcomputingcanalsoreduceover­crowdinginsomeone'semailbox.Ratherthantryingtoemailseverallargephotosorvideostoacolleague,friendorfamilymember,whichcanblockuptheiremailbox,youcansimplystoretheminthecloudandsendalinktoreceiverstodownloadthegoods.4.Real­timecooperation.5，cloudcomputingletspeopleworktogetheronprojectsinreal­time.Forexample,twoormoreemployeescancooperateonaprojecttogether,insteadofsendingrevisionsbackandforthtoeachother.A.SufficientstorageB.RemoteprotectionC.IfsomeonestealsyourlaptopD.ThisisincrediblyconvenientforthemandeasytodoE.Eventhoughthey'reindifferentgeographiclocationsF.YouneedmorespacethanwhatfreecloudstoragesolutionsofferG.Youcanaccessyourstuffanywhereaslongasyoucangetonline【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。怎样才能最好地保护我们的重要文件？当然要依赖于当前可用的众多云服务之一——云存储，理由有四个：云服务提供远程保护；只要能联网，任何地方都可访问云服务；让分享极其简单；也能让人们处于不同的地方实现实时合作。1.B根据下文中的“Cloudservices—suchasOneDrive,iCloud,GoogleDrive,andDropbox—canprotectyourdatafromlocalthreats,...”可知，B项符合题意，故选B。2.C根据空格后的内容“hemighttakeyourharddrive,too”可推知，上句是说“如果有人偷了你的电脑，你的硬盘也将被拿走”。故C项符合题意，故选C。3.G根据本空格所在的小标题“Anywhereaccess.”，分析选项可知，G项与小标题意义一致，且有单词(access)的复现，故选G。4.D本空格所在的小标题为“Sharingissupereasy.”，再结合空格前的内容可推知，云计算的特点是方便且容易操作。故D项符合题意，故选D。5.E空格所在的小标题为“Real­timecooperation.”，再结合空格后的内容“Forexample,twoormoreemployeescancooperateonaprojecttogether,insteadofsendingrevisionsbackandforthtoeachother.”可推知，空格是说即使人们在不同的地方，云计算也可让人们实现实时合作。E项符合题意，故选E。Ⅲ.完形填空WhenyouwalkthroughthedoorsofMortonPlantHospitalonanearlyTuesdayafternoon,you'llbegreetedbythecomfortingvoiceofMaryEllenOwens.Owens,whoisnow98,started1atthehospitalafterherhusbanddiednearly20yearsago.“Myhusbandwasa(n)2here,offandonforaboutsixweeksoverfouryears，”she3.“Everyoneatthehospitalhadbeensogoodtouswhenhewassick.”Toshowher4，Owenswantedtogivebackinabigway.“Idon'thaveseveralmilliondollars,butIcangivemy5，”shesaid.Owensisapproaching7,000hoursinvolunteertime.“Iusedtogivethreedaysaweek，”shesaid.“NowI'm6，soIdon'tgetaroundasmuchasI7.SoIonlygiveonedayaweek.”Togettoherweeklyfour­hour8，Owensreceivesaridefromavolunteerwhoshenowcallsherfriend.“Every9，Richardpicksmeupfrommyhomeandbringsmehere，”shesaid.“Idon'tbelievepeopleofmyageshouldbe10.”Inheryoungeryears,OwensusedtowalkupanddownthefashionrunwaysinNewYorkCityandRichmond,Virginia.Shealsohada(n)11tobeinthe1939filmclassicGonewiththeWind.Becauseshehadotherworkatthetime,however,Owens12toturnitdown.“WhatIdidn'tdoinmylifeismore13thanwhatI'vedone，”shelaughs.14she'sinhergoldenyears,Owensplanstocontinuetoliveherlifewith15bygreetingeachpatientwithasmile.1.A.volunteering B.trainingC.working D.nursing2.A.doctor B.expertC.patient D.assistant3.A.commented B.promisedC.responded D.explained4.A.attitude B.appreciationC.sympathy D.response5.A.hand B.loveC.smile D.time6.A.old B.strongC.sick D.lucky7.A.hadto B.hopedtoC.usedto D.oughtto8.A.stand B.rideC.turn D.shift9.A.day B.MondayC.morning D.Tuesday10.A.struggling B.drivingC.running D.changing11.A.part B.characterC.performance D.opportunity12.A.decided B.hopedC.agreed D.happened13.A.difficult B.interestingC.well­paid D.challenging14.A.Nowthat B.GuessingthatC.Supposingthat D.Exceptthat15.A.relief B.successC.purpose D.spirit【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了现年98岁的欧文斯的早年经历以及她在医院做志愿者的故事。1.A根据下文中的“Owensisapproaching7,000hoursinvolunteertime.”可知，欧文斯在医院做志愿者，故A项正确。2.C根据空后的“Everyoneatthehospitalhadbeensogoodtouswhenhewassick.”可知，欧文斯的丈夫生病的时候，医院里的每个人对他们夫妇俩都很好，这说明欧文斯的丈夫在这里住过院(曾是这家医院的患者)，故C项正确。3.D空后的“Everyoneatthehospitalhadbeensogoodtouswhenhewassick.”是欧文斯解释说的话，故D项正确。4.B空前一句说欧文斯的丈夫生病(住院)的时候，医院里的每个人对他们夫妇俩都很好，因此她要表达对医院的感激，故B项正确。5.D根据上文中的“Owens,whoisnow98,started1atthehospitalafterherhusbanddiednearly20yearsago.”可知，现年98岁的欧文斯在丈夫20年前去世后就开始在医院做志愿者，因此此处是说她可以献出自己的时间(在医院做志愿者)，故D项正确。6.A根据上文中的“Owens,whoisnow98”可知，欧文斯现在已经98岁了，年纪已经非常大了，故A项正确。7.C根据上文中的“Iusedtogivethreedaysaweek”及空后的“SoIonlygiveonedayaweek”可知，欧文斯以前一周有三天去做志愿者，现在一周只有一天去做志愿者，这说明她现在年纪太大，不能像以前那样经常四处走动了，故C项正确。8.D根据上文可知，欧文斯现在每周去医院做一次志愿服务，因此此处指“去医院上班”，故D项正确。9.D根据第一段内容可知，欧文斯每周二去医院做志愿服务，故D项正确。10.B根据上文中的“Togettoherweeklyfour­hour8，Owensreceivesaridefromavolunteerwhoshenowcallsherfriend.”可知，为了每周四小时的轮班，她请一名志愿者载她上下班，这说明她认为自己不能开车去上班了，故B项正确。11.D根据空后的“turnitdown”可知，欧文斯曾有机会出演1939年拍摄的经典电影《乱世佳人》，但她拒绝了，故D项正确。12.A根据空前的“Becauseshehadotherworkatthetime”可知，因为她当时还有其他工作，所以欧文斯决定拒绝出演《乱世佳人》，故A项正确。13.B根据空前的“Shealsohada(n)11tobeinthe1939filmclassicGonewiththeWind.Becauseshehadotherworkatthetime,however,Owens12toturnitdown.”可知，欧文斯曾有机会出演1939年拍摄的经典电影《乱世佳人》，但她当时还有其他工作，所以她拒绝了，此处她解释拒绝出演《乱世佳人》的原因——没有做过的事比做过的事更有趣，故B项正确。14.A根据空后的“she'sinhergoldenyears,Owensplanstocontinuetoliveherlifewith15bygreetingeachpatientwithasmile”可知，既然她现在还能干得动(身体情况还允许)，欧文斯仍打算继续怀揣着这样一个目的生活——微笑着问候每一位病人(继续做志愿者)，故A项正确。15.C根据空后的“bygreetingeachpatientwithasmile”可知，微笑着问候每一位病人是欧文斯生活中的一个目的，故C项正确。Ⅳ.应用文写作假定你是李华，你和同学根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。给外教MissEvans写一封英语邮件，请她帮忙指导。邮件内容包括：1.剧情简介；2.指导内容；3.商定时间地点。注意：1.词数80左右；2.开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数。DearMissEvans，I'mwritingtoaskforyourguidanceonashortplay,whichisadaptedfromoneofourtexts._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I'mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua【参考范文】DearMissEvans,I'mwritingtoaskforyourguidanceonashortplay,whichisadaptedfromoneofourtexts.Thetextwehavechosenistitled“WildlifeProtection”.IttellsastoryaboutagirlnamedDaisy,whotalkswithsomewildanimalsandmakesuphermindtohelpprotecttheenvironment.Weneedyoutogiveussomeexpertguidanceondialoguebetweencharacters,body­action,plot,setting,andsoon.Couldwemeetinourschoolarthallat8：00a．m.thisSundayifitisconvenientforyou?Wesincerelyhopeyoucandousthisfavourandhelpimproveourperformance.I'mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHuaⅤ.读后续写(2020·山东泰安6月模拟)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Onerainyspringday,Mumbecameasinglemother.Mylittlebrotherwastwo,mysisterwaseight,andIwasfourteen.Thosefirstweekswereespeciallyhardbeforeoursmallmonthlysupportpaymentsbegan.Mumfoundworkinapotato­chipfactory,butdidn'tgetpaidrightaway.ThatfirstSaturdaymorningassheleftforwork,Mumsaid,“Idon'tknowwhatyou'llcookforsupper.Iwon'tgetpaiduntilMonday,butI'moutofmoney,andourshelvesarebare.”Shelaughed,buttearsfilledhereyes.“Doesthatfairytalehaveahappyending?No,butwe'lldobetter，”Isaid.“I'lltrytogetusfoodtoday.”Mywordssoundedbraveeventomyself.Sheshookherheadandwenttowork.Ihadplantedagardeninourbackyard.Thelettuce(莴苣)andpeaswereup,butnothingwasreadytoeat.IlookedthroughthekitchenanddiscoveredMumwasright.Weonlyhadcereal(麦片)forourbreakfast.Whilemysister,andbrotherplayed,Itidiedthehouse.Iwaswashingourfront­roomwindowwhenacheerymaninablueshirtcameoverandrangthedoorbell.AlthoughI'dneverseenhimbefore,hisbigsmilemademetrusthim.WhenIopenedthedoor,heasked,“Haveyouheardaboutthenewgrocerystoreamilefromhere?Todayisitsgrandopening.”Inodded.I'dseenitssignsasIrodepastonthesc