(新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向28 阅读理解之议论文类(解析版)

考向28阅读理解之议论文类文体分析议论文说理性强，语言庄重，逻辑缜密，常用难词、长词和复杂句，给我们的阅读理解带来一定难度。议论文是运用逻辑推理和证明来阐述某一观点、看法和主张的文体。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，或驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的。议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点是议论文的核心，即中心思想，是论据和论证的服务对象。论据是作者所引用的用以支持和证明论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证或统计数据等。论证是作者组织、运用论据的手法。议论文文章类型演绎论证议论文是从已知的一般原理，规律出发，推知个别事物本质的论证方法。该类文体一般先提出一个总论点，然后分别进行论述，分析各个分论点，最后得出结论。归纳论证议论文是一种由个别到一般的论证方法。它通过许多个别的事例或分论点，然后归纳出它们所共有的特性，从而得出一个一般性的结论。比较论证议论文是一种由个别到个别的论证方法。通常分为类比法和对比法两类。类比法是将性质或特点在某一方面相同或相近的不同事物加以比较而引出结论的方法。对比法是通过性质或特点在某一方面相反或对立的不同事物的比较来证明论点的方法。命题要点由于议论的目的是表明自己对事物的看法和态度，因此，命题时常考察其观点态度以及根据文章内容归纳主旨大意等，有时也对文章的结构进行考察。解题技巧1.演绎论证议论文：注意文章的开篇，因为文章的开篇是文章的主旨，抓住了主旨，也就抓住了作者的观点，从而把握了文章的中心思想。2.归纳论证议论文：注意文章的尾段，因为尾段是对前面所举事例和分论点的归纳和概括。3.比较论证议论文：注意事物的相同点以及不同点，并由此来把握文章的主旨。做题时可使用以下三个步骤：重首尾，明方式，细推测。【议论说理类文章】议论说理类文章就是议论文，是高考阅读理解题中一种较难的题目。议论说理类文章具有以下特点：1．一般按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的方法写作。作者一般从日常生活中的热点问题、社会上的重大问题、与读者息息相关的问题入手，即提出问题。然后，分析利弊，举例说明，推理判断，即分析问题。最后，阐述观点，提出办法，即解决问题。2．以作者的观点或情感为核心，对细节推理等方面进行考查。3．文章的主题一般是生活中的热点问题、重大问题或与生活息息相关的问题等。【典例示例】Forsomereasonwewereremindedthatweprimates(灵长目)needlove.KimBardoftheUniversityofPortsmouthinEnglandandhercolleaguescarriedoutastudyon46babychimpanzeesorphans(黑猩猩孤儿),whichhadlosttheirmothers.Thestudyshowedthatprimatebabiesthathavetightrelationshipswithmotherfiguresdomuchbetteroncognitive(认知的)teststhanbabieswhoonlygrewupwithpeers(同伴),butthisisnotbreakingnews.Infact,it'soldnews.Inthe1950s,HarryHarlowdidaseriesofexperimentswithbabymonkeysthatshowed,thatlackofloveandcomfortmakesforacrazymonkey.Harlowmadeacagethatincludedawiremonkey“mother”withaplasticface.Thenheequippedthe“mother”withamilkbottle.Thecagealsohadanotherwire“mother”whowascoveredwithsoftcloth.Thebabymonkeysspentalltheirtimewiththecloth“mother”andonlywenttothewire“mother”tofeed.Harlow'smonkeyexperimentwasimportant,becauseatthetime,childcareexperts,andeverybody'sgrandmotherhada“notouch,nocomfort”policy(方针)towardchildren.Theyadvisedparentsnottorespondtocryingbabies.Theythoughtthatbabiesshouldsleepalonetobecomeindependent,andputthatkiddown.ButHarlow'sworkchangedthatpolicy.Mothersweresoonallowedtohavetheirbabiesnexttotheminthehospital.Thecurrentchimpresearch(研究)basedonHarlow'sworkshowsthatmother'slovedoesn'tjustmakeforapsychologically(精神上地)healthychild,italsomakesforasmartchild.Thehighlyraisedchimpsdobetterthanthosethatarenotloved,andthewell-raisedchimpsdoevenbetterthanhumankidsonIQtests.Weareprimates,socialanimalswhichneedlove.Weneedtobeheldandtalkedtoandmadetofeelthatatleastonepersonwantstobewithusallthetime.1.ThestudyKimBardandhiscolleaguesdid________.A.included46babyandmothermonkeysB.isnothingnewtopeopleaboutthefindingsC.showedthatmanychimpanzeeslackoflovewhentheywereyoungD.showedmanychimpanzeeshadgoodrelationshipwiththeirmothers2.Theunderlinedpart“makesfor”inthethirdparagraphmeans________.A.dosomethingforB.headforC.bringaboutD.connectto3.Harlowbuilttwo“mothers”forbabymonkeysto________.A.makethemlivecomfortablyB.letthemhavemorechoicesC.givethemmoreloveD.makecomparisonwell4.Whichofthefollowingcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Well-raisedchimpsarebetterthanpeopleinIQ.B.Sometimesit'snotwrongtohavenotouchandnocomforttobabies.C.Chimpsgrowingupincagesarelesssmarterthanchimpsgrowingupinwild.D.Babieswhosleepwithmotherstendtobeclevererthanbabiessleepalone.语篇解读：这是一篇议论文。文章主要是通过对灵长目动物的两个实验说明，母爱对于小孩的成长有着非常重要的作用。因此父母亲应该多给孩子们一些爱，以让小孩们健康地成长。解析：1.B细节理解题。第二段第一句提到是46只小猴，因此A项错误；根据文章第二段最后一句可知B项正确；C项没有事实依据；文章第二段第二句提到和母亲关系好的小猴认知水平比其他小猴要好些，但是这不能说明D项。2.C猜测词义题。缺少母爱的小猴和成为疯狂的猴子是一种因果关系，因此答案选C。3.D推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知制造两个假母猴的目的是更好地比较缺乏母爱与否与小猴后来发展的关系。因此D是正确答案。4.D推理判断题。文章第四、五段提到自从Harlow做了那个实验后，人们就认为母亲和婴儿睡在一起对婴儿的成长好一些，因此可知D项正确。应对策略解答议论类阅读理解试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：作者在开始叙述一个现象，然后对现象进行解释。这类文章的主题是文中最重要的解释或作者所强调的解释，阅读时要注意作者给出的原因，所以又被称为原因—结果(Cause&Effect)型。还有一种比较常见的是问题—答案型，作者在一开始或一段末以问句提出一个问题(相当于一个现象)，然后给出该问题的答案(相当于解释)。针对文中问题给出的主要答案就是这种文章的中心。这里强调一点，答题时优先考虑正面答题(直接从文章内容得出答案)，然后从中心、态度或利用解答特征等其他角度对选项进行检验；如果从文章内容中直接无法解决，则从中心和态度方面考虑；次之，从解答特征方面考虑。考生往往最怕此类体裁。山穷水尽时，记住：首先从整体上把握文章中心和作者所持的态度，靠近中心的就是答案。解题方法：1.把握文章的论点、论据和论证。此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。2.互推法：在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点或在一些例子之后，总要抒发一些议论。考生在理解议论时，可以借助文中所给的实例，从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议论；或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。3.推理法：推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。解题技巧历年全国高考英语阅读理解的题型无非基本都是考查主旨大意、词义猜测、推理判断和细节理解四大题型。其中，命题以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅，又兼顾词义猜测题和主旨大意题。细节理解题和推理判断题主要考查的是对原文具体细节的理解和把控能力，难度相对较小，广大考生除了平时必要的阅读量和词汇量的积累以外，掌握一定的解题技巧对解答阅读理解题来说也是至关重要的。具体说来：1.主旨大意型干扰项可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。干扰项可能是从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。干扰项可能是非文章事实的主观臆断。正确答案根据文章全面理解而归纳概括出来；不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。主旨大意题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。根据多年的备考及高考实践，这类题目考查的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。选择＂主题＂旨在考查考生是否掌握了所读文章的主要内容或主旨，通常用词、短语或句子来概括。常见的提问方式有：1.Whatisthemain/generalideaofthistext?2.Whatismainlydiscussedinthispassage?3.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?4.Thistextmainlytellsus_________.5.Thispassagemainlydealswith_________.6.Themainideaofthispassagemaybebestexpressedas_________.7.Thetopicofthispassageis_________.标题选择题则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当，用词简短、精练。常见的提问方式有：1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?2.Whichofthefollowingisthebest/mostsuitabletitleforthistext?3.Thebest/mostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe__________.不管是选择＂主题＂还是选择＂标题＂，实质上都是要求考生从整体上理解语篇内容，找出贯穿语篇的主线；不管是何种体裁的文章，都是围绕一个主题来展开的。在试题设计上，3个干扰项的内容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非主要内容，需要注意甄别。【典例示例】Toerrishuman.Toblametheotherguyisevenmorehuman.…Thesethreepopularmisquotes（戏谑的引语）aremeanttobejokes,andyettheytellusalotabouthumannature.Toerr,ortomakemistakes,isindeedapartofbeinghuman,butitseemsthatmostpeopledon’twanttoaccepttheresponsibilityforhavingmadeamistake.Theynaturallylookforsomeoneelsewhocouldberesponsiblefortheproblem.Perhapsitisthenaturalthingtodo.Theoriginalquoteabouthumannaturewentlikethis:“Toerrishuman,toforgive,divine（神圣的）.”Thissayingmirrorsanideal:peopleshouldbeforgivingofothers’mistakes.Instead,wetendtodotheopposite—findsomeoneelsetopasstheblameonto.However,takingresponsibilityforsomethingthatwentwrongisamarkofgreatmaturity.1.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusmost?（原创题）A.tomakeasfewmistakesaspossible. B.tothinkseriouslyaboutourwrongdoings.C.tobearresponsibilityforourmistakes. D.topasstheblameontosomeoneelse.解析：这是一篇典型的驳论文。作者先列出一个错误观点，即Toblametheotherguyisevenmorehuman，然后进行反驳。最后，通过关键词however一转折，说出了作者的观点，即为自己的错误承担责任是成熟的标志。因此，选择C项。2.事实细节型细节理解题主要考查考生对文章中某些细节或重要事实的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语意理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要考生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。做此类题时可以使用定位法与跳读法。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而选出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后进行简单分析、推理等，从而找出正确答案。(1)解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why等。在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节的问题常有以下几种命题方式：①Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?②Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?③Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat__________.④Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)__________?(2)干扰项：范围过大、过小；偷换概念；正误并存，某个分句是正确的。阅读理解中细节理解题的干扰项的设置有以下几个原则：①包含项原则在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其他三项(或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在＂花＂与＂玫瑰＂两选项中，正确答案肯定是＂花＂，花包含了玫瑰。②正反项原则所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。两个相互矛盾的陈述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以，假如四选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中。③委婉项原则所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably,possibly,

may,usually,might,mostof,moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,notnecessary,although,yet,inaddition,tendto等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must,always,never,all,every,any,merely,only,completely,none,hardly,already等等。④同形项原则命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考查考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项中有正确答案的存在。⑤常识项原则议论文中，那些符合一般常识、意义深刻富有哲理、符合一般规律、属于普遍现象的往往是正确答案。⑥因果项原则阅读理解的逻辑推理基本都是通过因果链进行的，前因后果，一步步循序渐进。然而，在推理题的选项中，有的选项会推理不到位(止于前因)，或者推理过头(止于后果)，这就是所谓的干扰项。因果项原则启示我们：假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果关系，那么正确答案就是两个因果项中的其中之一。如果因项可产生几个结果，那么答案就是因；如果果项可以对应几个原因，那么答案就是果。解题方法：原文定位法。查读法：(1)带着问题找答案，把注意力集中在与who,what,when,where问题有关的细节上。(2)细心!3.词义猜测型阅读理解的测试中经常有猜测词、短语、习语、句子意义的题目，近几年高考阅读中词义猜测题的考查方法呈多样化，其中根据上下文语境推测词义将会越来越多。有时短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，后文接着会出现其定义、解释或例子，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。除此之外，我们还可以根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号(；)也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。还可以根据因果关系进行判断。俗话说，＂有因必有果，有果必有因＂。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。当然了，这些词、短语、习语要么是生词，要么是熟词新义，单靠平时积累是不够的，还要掌握以下做题技巧。(1)根据构词法(转化、合成、派生)进行判断。(2)根据文中的定义、事例、解释猜生词。用事例或解释猜生词；用重复解释的信息猜生词。(3)根据上下文的指代关系进行选择。文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。(4)根据转折或对比关系进行判断。根据上下句的连接词如but，however，otherwise等可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。(5)根据因果关系进行判断。俗话说，＂有因必有果，有果必有因＂。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。(6)根据同位关系进行判断。阅读中有时出现新词、难词，后面跟着一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释。(7)利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义。分号还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义；破折号表示解释说明。常见的问题形式有：(1)The

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…常用应对方法：同义法：常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测词义。反义法：如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，互为反义的词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。释义法：对文章中的生词用定语(从句)、表语，甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。此外，还有情景推断法、代词替代法等。做题要领(1)从文中找线索或信息词；(2)根据熟悉的词及词义判断新词的意思；(3)根据上下文判断新词在特定句中的确切意思。(4)要特别注意熟词新意！【典例示例】Formanyparents,raisingateenagerislikefightingalongwar,butyearsgobywithoutanyclearwinner.Likeaborderconflictbetweenneighboringcountries,theparent-teenwarisaboutboundaries:WhereisthelinebetweenwhatIcontrolandwhatyoudo?Bothsideswantpeace,butneitherfeelsithasanypowertostoptheconflict.Inpart,thisisbecauseneitheriswillingtoadmitanyresponsibilityforstartingit.Fromtheparents’pointofview,theonlycauseoftheirfightistheiradolescents’completeunreasonableness.Andofcourse,theteensseeitinexactlythesameway,exceptoppositely.Bothfeeltrapped.56.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2mean?A.Theteensblametheirparentsforstartingtheconflict.B.Theteensagreewiththeirparentsonthecauseoftheconflict.C.Theteensaccusetheirparentsofmisleadingthem.D.Theteenstendtohaveafullunderstandingoftheirparents.解析：本文首先提出论点：对很多家长来说，抚养孩子就像打一场长期战争一样，没有赢家。第二段提到“战争”之长的原因：互不服气。抓住关键词：fromtheparent’spointofview;andofcourse,theteens,thesameway。再结合题支的表述，答案为A。4.推理判断型做题要领：既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章的隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作出正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度考虑而不是固守自己的看法。常见的命题方式有：(1)Thepassageimplies(暗示)that_________.(2)Wecanconclude(得出结论)fromthepassagethat_________.(3)Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推论)?(4)Whatisthetone(语气)oftheauthor?(5)Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?(6)Thepassageisintendedto_________.(7)Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?【典例示例】Asksomeonewhattheyhavedonetohelptheenvironmentrecentlyandtheywillalmostcertainlymentionrecycling.Recyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcourse.However,beingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed.Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover-consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible,butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotneedtobringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace.Thetotalamountofpackagingincreasedby12%between1999and2020.Itnowmakesupathirdofatypicalhousehold’swasteintheUK.Inmanysupermarketsnowadaysfooditemsarepackagedtwicewithplasticandcardboard.62.TheauthorusesfiguresinParagraph2toshow___________.A.thetendencyofcuttinghouseholdwaste B.theincreaseofpackagingrecyclingC.therapidgrowthofsupermarkets D.thefactofpackagingoveruse解析：作者在第一段分析论证之后用了一个关键句式“…,butitwouldbefarbetterifwe…”引出了论点：我们与其回收利用废品，倒不如先不要过度包装。第二段用统计数字作为论据来证明上述论点。因此选择D项。【典例示例】Whytellthetruthwhenyoucancomeupwithagoodexcuse?Andwhatiswrongwithasocietythatthinksthatmakingupagoodexcuseislikecreatingaworkofart?Oneofcommonproblemswithmakingexcusesisthatpeople,especiallyyoungpeople,gettheideathatit’sokaynottobetotallyhonestallthetime.Thereisacorollary(直接推论)tothat:ifagoodexcuseis“good”evenifitisn’thonest,thenwhereistheplaceofthetruth?54.Whatistheauthor’sopinionaboutagoodexcuse?A.Makingagoodexcuseissometimesabetterpolicy.B.Inventingagoodexcuseneedscreativeideas.C.Agoodexcuseisasrewardingashonesty.D.Bittertruthisbetterthanagoodexcuse.解析：这是一篇驳论文。在第二段中作者用了两个疑问句和一个否定句，对“agoodexcuse”的怀疑态度体现地淋漓尽致。因此选择D项。【检测训练】1Whenitcomestothejobsrobotscouldneverdo,youwouldprobablyputdoctorsandteachersatthetopofthelist.It'seasytoimaginerobotcleanersandfactoryworkers,butsomejobsneedhumanconnectionandcreativity.Butareweunderestimating(低估)whatrobotscando?Insomecases,theyalreadyperformbetterthandoctorsatdiagnosing(诊断)illness.Also,somepatientsmightfeelmorecomfortablesharingpersonalinformationwithamachinethanaperson.Couldtherebeaplaceforrobotsineducationafterall?BritisheducationexpertAnthonySeldonthinksso.Andheevenhasadatefortherobottakeoveroftheclassroom:2027.Hepredictsrobotswilldothemainjoboftransferringinformationandteacherswillbelikeassistants.Intelligentrobotswillreadstudents'faces,movementsandmaybeevenbrainsignals.Thentheywilladapttheinformationtoeachstudent.However,it'snotapopularopinionandit'sunlikelythatrobotswilleverhaveempathy(同理心)andtheabilitytoreallyconnectwithhumans.Onethingiscertain,though.Arobotteacherisbetterthannoteacheratall.Insomepartsoftheworld,therearen'tenoughteachers.Thatproblemcouldbepartlysolvedbyrobotsbecausetheycanteachanywhereandwon'tgetstressed,ortired,ormovesomewhereforaneasier,higher-paidjob.Teachersallovertheworldareleavingbecausetheyfeeloverworked.Perhapsthequestionisnot“Willrobotsreplaceteachers?”but“Howcanrobotshelpteachers?”Teacherswastealotoftimedoingnon-teachingwork,includingmorethan11hoursaweekmarkinghomework.Ifrobotscouldcutthetimeteachersspendonmarkinghomeworkandwritingreports,teacherswouldhavemoretimeandenergyforthepartsofthejobhumansdobest.1.Intheopinionofmostpeople,whatkindofjobsarerobotsmostlikelytodo?A.Culture-relatedjobs.B.Mentaljobs. C.Physicaljobs. D.Tiresomejobs.2.WhatcanbelearnedaboutAnthonySeldon'spredictioninParagraph2?A.Itsoundsdisappointing. B.Itseemstobepuzzling.C.Itisn'twidelyaccepted. D.Ithasbecomeareality.3.What'sthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Whyteachersarebadlyneeded. B.Teachers'workingconditions.C.Disadvantagesofrobotteachers. D.Howrobotshelpteachers.4.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsrobotteachers?A.Opposed. B.Favorable. C.Suspicious. D.Sympathetic.【答案】1.C2.C3.D4.B【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了，机器人在很多领域发挥着重要作用，未来它在教育领域能发挥哪些影响呢？1.细节理解题。由第一段中的“It'seasytoimaginerobotcleanersandfactoryworkers,butsomejobsneedhumanconnectionandcreativity.(很容易想象机器人清洁工和工厂工人，但有些工作需要人际关系和创造力)”可知，在大多数人看来，机器人最有可能做清洁工和工厂工人这样的体力工作。故选C项。2.细节理解题。由第二段中的“Hepredictsrobotswilldothemainjoboftransferringinformationandteacherswillbelikeassistants.Intelligentrobotswillreadstudents'faces,movementsandmaybeevenbrainsignals.Thentheywilladapttheinformationtoeachstudent.However,it'snotapopularopinionandit'sunlikelythatrobotswilleverhaveempathy(同理心)andtheabilitytoreallyconnectwithhumans.(他预测机器人将主要负责传递信息，教师将像助手一样。智能机器人可以读取学生的面部表情、动作甚至大脑信号。然后他们会根据每个学生的情况调整信息。然而，这并不是一个流行的观点，机器人不太可能有同理心，也不可能有真正与人类联系的能力)”可知，AnthonySeldon的预测并不是一个流行的观点，即此推测没有被广泛接受。故选C项。3.主旨大意题。由最后一段中的“Teachersallovertheworldareleavingbecausetheyfeeloverworked.Perhapsthequestionisnot“Willrobotsreplaceteachers?”but“Howcanrobotshelpteachers?”(全世界的老师都离开了，因为他们感到工作过度。也许问题不是“机器人会取代老师吗？”而是“机器人如何帮助老师？”)”和“Ifrobotscouldcutthetimeteachersspendonmarkinghomeworkandwritingreports,teacherswouldhavemoretimeandenergyforthepartsofthejobhumansdobest.(如果机器人能减少教师批改作业和写报告的时间，教师就有更多的时间和精力从事人类最擅长的工作)”可知，最后一段主要讲机器人如何帮助老师。故选D项。4.推理判断题。由第三段中的“Onethingiscertain,though.Arobotteacherisbetterthannoteacheratall.(不过，有一点是肯定的。机器人老师总比没有老师好)”可知，作者认为机器人老师总比没有老师好，说明作者对机器人教师持支持的态度。故选B项。2Theideaoflowmaterialdesire,lowconsumptionandrefusingtowork,marryandhavechildren,concludedasa“lyingdown”lifestyle,recentlystruckachordwithmanyyoungChinesewhoareeagertotakepausetobreatheinthisfast-pacedandhighly-competitivesociety.Manymillennials(千禧一代)andgenerationZscomplainedtotheGlobalTimesthatburdens,includingworkstress,familydisputes(纷争)andfinancialstrains,havepushedthem“againstthewall”.Theysaidtheyhatethe“involution(内卷),”jokingthattheywouldrathergiveupsomeofwhattheyhavethangettrappedinanendlesscompetitionagainstpeers.“Insteadofalwaysfollowingthe‘virtues’ofstruggle,endureandsacrificetobearthestresses,theypreferatemporarylyingdownascatharsis(宣泄)andadjustment,”saidascholar.“Itisnowonderthatsomeyoungpeople,underthegrowingpressuresfromchild-raisingtopayingthemortgage(按揭)today,wouldtrytoliveinasimplewayandleavetheworriesbehind.”Interestingly,themajorityofmillennialsandGenZsreachedbytheGlobalTimes,whoclaimtobebigfansofthelyingdownphilosophy,acknowledgedthattheyonlyacceptatemporarylyingdownasashortrest.Itistruethatwiththegreatimprovementoflivingconditions,someChineseyouthhavepartiallylostthespiritofhardshipandarenotwillingtobeartoomuchhardwork.Butinfact,lyingdownisnotentirelycomfortable.Youngpeoplewholiedownalwaysfeelguiltyabouttheirconstantlossofmorale(士气)farbeyondtheirreach.“Youngpeopleoncampushavebothaspirationsandconfusionabouttheirfuture,butmostofushaverejectedsettingourselvesupinchainstowasteopportunitiesandchallenges,”apostgraduatestudenttoldtheGlobalTimes.“It’snouserunningaway.Ihaveto‘standup’andfacetherealitysoonerorlater.”5.Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseinparagraph1mean?A.Warned. B.Criticized.C.Touched. D.Amused.6.Whatmighthavecausedthe“lyingdown”lifestyleamongtheyoung?A.Improvementsinlivingconditions.B.Growingpressurefromfamilyandsociallife.C.Increasingmaterialpossessionsfromfamilies.D.Temporaryadjustmenttofailureincompetitions.7.What’sthescholar’sattitudetowardthe“lyingdown”group?A.Understanding. B.Intolerant.C.Supportive. D.Unclear.8.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheyounggenerationfromthetext?A.Theyneverreallydroptheirresponsibilities.B.Theyreallyenjoythe“lyingdown”lifestyle.C.Theyfindtheirdreamsfarbeyondtheirreach.D.Theywouldratherescapethantakechallenges.【答案】5.C6.B7.A8.A【解析】这是一篇议论文。在这个快节奏、竞争激烈的社会中，许多年轻人渴望暂时停下来喘口气，因此他们选择“躺平”，他们不愿总是遵循奋斗、忍受和牺牲的美德来承受压力。但他们大多数人都不想浪费了机会和挑战，也不会真正放下自己的责任。5.词句猜测题。根据第一段“Theideaoflowmaterialdesire,lowconsumptionandrefusingtowork,marryandhavechildren(低物质欲望，低消费，拒绝工作，结婚和生育的观念)…”对这种生活方式和“…manyyoungChinesewhoareeagertotakepausetobreatheinthisfast-pacedandhighly-competitivesociety(在这个快节奏、竞争激烈的社会中，渴望停下来喘口气的许多年轻人)”年轻一代的生存状态的描述，可知，年轻人对这种观念是认同并受其影响的，划线词意为“触动，影响”，故选C。6.细节理解题。根据第二段“Manymillennials(千禧一代)andgenerationZscomplainedtotheGlobalTimesthatburdens,includingworkstress,familydisputes(纷争)andfinancialstrains,havepushedthem“againstthewall”(许多千禧一代和z一代向《环球时报》抱怨，工作压力、家庭纠纷和经济压力等负担把他们逼到了绝境。).”可知，来自家庭和社会生活的日益增长的压力可能是致使年轻人“躺平”的生活方式的原因，故选B。7.推理判断题。根据第三段“Insteadofalwaysfollowingthe‘virtues’ofstruggle,endureandsacrificetobearthestresses,theypreferatemporarylyingdownascatharsis(宣泄)andadjustment,(他们不愿总是遵循奋斗、忍受和牺牲的美德来承受压力，他们宁愿暂时躺下，作为宣泄和调整)”和“Itisnowonderthatsomeyoungpeople,…wouldtrytoliveinasimplewayandleavetheworriesbehind.(难怪一些年轻人，……会努力过一种简单的生活方式，把烦恼抛在脑后。)”可知，学者对“躺平”群体的态度是理解的，故选A。8.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Youngpeopleoncampushavebothaspirationsandconfusionabouttheirfuture,butmostofushaverejectedsettingourselvesupinchainstowasteopportunitiesandchallenges(校园里的年轻人既有抱负，也对自己的未来感到困惑，但我们大多数人都拒绝了，把自己束之高悬，浪费了机会和挑战)”和“It’snouserunningaway.Ihaveto‘standup’andfacetherealitysoonerorlater(逃跑没有用。我迟早要站起来面对现实。)”可知，他们从未真正放下自己的责任。故选A。3Afewyearsago,Iboughtaflat.Itwasatriumphofhopeanddeterminationoverpropertyprices,andthepeakofa20-yeardream.ThedayIgotthekeysshouldhavebeenthemostexcitingdayofmylifeandyet,thesecondIopenedthedoor,panicsetin.Ispentmyfirstnightasahomeownerinahotelresearchinghowtosellaflatandwonderingifitwastoolatetochangemymind.Ididn'tsellmyflatbecauseIrememberedwhyIhadwanteditinthefirstplace—buttherearetimeswhenwegetwhatwewantanditsimplyisn'tright.I'vealwaysfoundastrangedisconnectbetweenwantingsomethingandgettingit.Wantingisaplaceofpossibilityand,inastateoflack,thedesireisstrong.Weimaginehowthisthing—anewjoborrelationship—canchangeourlivesandatthesametimeforgetthataddingsomethingtoourlifedoesn'tmeanallourproblemsdisappear.Wecreateanarrativearoundthedesireand,whenwegetit,anditisdifferenttohowwepicturedit,wefeelfrustrated.Forme,thismostoftenoccursinrelationships.Ihaveahabitoffillinginthegapswithpeople,ratherthangettingtoknowthem.Igoonadatewithsomeoneand,insteadofpiecingthemtogetherbrickbybrick,Istarttoimaginewhatmylifewouldbelikewiththeminit.Itshouldn'thavebeenashockthattherealityinnowaymatchedmyfantasy—butitwas.IknewIwantedout,yetpartofmefeltcommitted:thiswassomeoneIthoughtIhadwantedforsolong,Icouldn'twalkaway,couldI?Wetendtoshameothersforchangingtheirminds.Ithink,however,it'sfarbravertomovetowardssomethingthatwillbringhappinessthantostayinamiserablesituationtoprotectyourpride.So,whensomeonetellsyouthey'vechangedtheirminds,congratulatethemonknowingthemselveswellenough,andbeingstrongenough,toadmitit.Ittakesalottocomecleanaboutgettingitwrong,butthereliefofdoingso—ofsettingourselvesfreefromapersonal-shapedhole,isworthiteverytime.9.Whydidtheauthorspendherfirstnightasahomeownerinahotel?A.Theflatwasunderdecoration.B.Shewantedtosellthisterribleflat.C.Theflatwasdifferentfromherdesire.D.Shewastooexcitedtosleepintheflat.10.Whichofthefollowingismostadvisableinrelationshipsaccordingtotheauthor?A.Fillinginthegapswithpeoplearoundyou.B.Gettingtoknowotherslittlebylittlenaturally.C.Imaginingwhatthelifewouldbelikewithothers.D.Spendingplentyoftimetopromotetherelationship.11.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytotellus?A.Neverchangeyourmind.B.Nevergiveupyourfirst-timedream.C.Itisworthwhiletoprotectone'sownpride.D.Itisbravetostepoutofamiserablesituation.12.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Anewflat B.Apersonal-shapedholeC.Aproudsoul D.Anunexceptedaccident【答案】9.C10.D11.D12.A【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者认为想要的事物在得到时却发现和想象的不一样，作者劝诫我们改变主意并不丢人。9.细节理解题。根据第一段“ThedayIgotthekeysshouldhavebeenthemostexcitingdayofmylifeandyet,thesecondIopenedthedoor,panicsetin.Ispentmyfirstnightasahomeownerinahotelresearchinghowtosellaflatandwonderingifitwastoolatetochangemymind.(我拿到钥匙的那天本应该是我这辈子最激动人心的一天，然而，当我打开门的那一刻，恐慌就开始了。当上房主后的第一个晚上，我在一家酒店里研究如何卖公寓，想着现在改变主意是否太晚了)”可知，作者看到房子时与自己预期的不一样，想卖掉它，当晚并没有住在那里，所以作者在酒店度过了她作为房主的第一个晚上。故选C项。10.推理判断题。根据第三段“Forme,thismostoftenoccursinrelationships.Ihaveahabitoffillinginthegapswithpeople,ratherthangettingtoknowthem.Igoonadatewithsomeoneand,insteadofpiecingthemtogetherbrickbybrick,Istarttoimaginewhatmylifewouldbelikewiththeminit.(对我来说，这经常发生在人际关系中。我有一个习惯，就是和别人一起填补空白，而不是去了解他们。我会和某人约会，而不是一砖一瓦地把他们拼在一起，我会开始想象有了他们我的生活会是什么样子)”及本段最后一句“Icouldn'twalkaway,couldI?(我不能离开，不是吗？)”可知，结识某人后发现和自己期待的不一样，不应该放弃这段关系，那样是没有责任心的，应该是和他们约会相处继续了解，而不是靠想象。故选D项。11.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Wetendtoshameothersforchangingtheirminds.Ithink,however,it'sfarbravertomoveto-wardssomethingthatwillbringhappinessthantostayinamiserablesituationtoprotectyourpride.(我们往往会因为别人改变主意而感到羞愧。然而，我认为，与其为了保护自己的自尊而呆在痛苦的处境中，还不如勇敢地去追求能带来幸福的东西)”可知，作者认为，为维护自尊待在痛苦的境况中不做出改变是懦弱的，走出窘境去追求能带来幸福的事情是更勇敢的。故选D项。12.主旨大意题。第一段作者用自己买房子的亲身经历说出，自己追求已久的东西得到时发现与自己的期待不符，及第二段“Ididn'tsellmyflatbecauseIrememberedwhyIhadwanteditinthefirstplace—buttherearetimeswhenwegetwhatwewantanditsimplyisn'tright.I'vealwaysfoundastrangedisconnectbetweenwantingsomethingandgettingit.(我没有卖掉我的公寓，因为我记得我最初为什么想要它——但有时我们得到了我们想要的东西，但它就是不对的。我总是在想要和得到之间发现一种奇怪的脱节)”，并由此展开对欲望与现实的关系的讨论，所以那套公寓是一个喻体，是文章关键词。故选A项。4Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.Together,thesedeephumanurges(驱策力)countformuchmorethatambition.GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon’thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresrestfulaverage.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,t