新sat写作强化-版-3print

新SAT写作强化BY李劲LECTURE

THREE解构文章格”篇•风格三要“措辞”的识别风格三要

“修辞”的识别•风格三要 “诉诸情感”的识别风格的点评及表达•风格实战解析好的措辞？••具象化感

彩简洁好的措辞？0

1具象化试比较：••Make

a

planHatch

a

planGet

knowledgeHarvest

knowledgeReflect

a

pointMirror

a

point••••0

2感彩••Alot

of

problemsA of

problemsWhen

I

was

younger,

I

thought

about

how

wonderful

lifewould

be

when

I

moved

into

my

own

apartment.fantasized••试比较：0

3简洁•I

walk

through

the

finishing

line

as

if

mylegs

are

ridiculouslyheavy

and

sat

down

exhausted.I

lumbered

through

the

finishing

line.••The

girls

in

car

talk

on

and

on

about

meaningless

stuffs.The

girls

babbled

for

hours.•试比较：What’s

indefensible

is

our

habit

of

converting

homes,

offices

andmassive

commercial

outletsinto

igloos

on

summer

days,

regardless

of

how

hot

it

is

outdoors.

Recently,

New

York

Cityprohibited

stores

from

pumarctic

air

out

onto

the

searing

sidewalks

in

an

attempttolure

customers

while

burning

through

fossil

fuels

in

suicidal

fashion.—

Viewpoint:

Air-Conditioning

Will

Beof

UsSAMPLE

1So

I

was

crestfallen

on

Monday,

when

a

new

report

byCommonSense

Media

came

out.In

a

world

awash

with

electric

light.—

Let

There

Be

DarkSAMPLE

20

4pronounWe

Americans

must

confront

a

stark

disadvantage

we

face

when

it

comes

to

the

globaleconomy.—

American’s

future

has

to

be

multilingualSAMPLE•风格三要“措辞”的识别风格三要

“修辞”的识别•风格三要 “诉诸情感”的识别风格的点评及表达•风格实战解析Juxtapositionҁantithesis҂Metaphors

&

SiIrony

&

Humor…………修辞0

1Juxtapositionҁantithesis҂DEFINITIONJuxtaposition

is

a

literary

device

wherein

the

author

places

a ,

concept,

place,

idea

ortheme

parallel

to

another.

The

purpose

of

juxtaposin o

directly

or

indirectly

relatedentities

close

together

in

literatureis

to

highlight

the

contrast

between

the

two

and

comparethem.

This

literary

device

is

usually

used

for

etching

out

a

character

in

detail,

creating

suspense

or

lending

a

rhetorical

effect.In

Paradise

Lost,

Milton

has

used

juxtaposition

to

draw

a

parallel

betweenthe

two

protagonists,

Satanand

God,

who

he

discusses

by

placing

theirtraits

in

comparison

with

one

another

to

highlight

their

differences.Tom

and

Daisy's

house

is

juxtaposed

with

the

apartment

Tom

haswith

Myrtle;

the

former

isopen

and

spacious,

the

latter

iscrampedand fortable.

The

Valley

of

the

Ashes

and

East

Egg

arejuxtaposed.SCHINDLER'S

LIST,

the

movie,

uses

juxtaposition

throughout:the

Nazis

and

the

Jews,

Schindler

and

Goeth.

The

scenes

areplaced

right

next

to

each

otherto

highlight

the

contrasts.Here

is

the

sentence

in

the

Declaration

of

Independence

we

always

remember:

“Wehold

thesetruths

to

be

self-evident,

that

all

men

are

createdequal,

that

they

areendowed

by

their

Creator

with

certain

unalienable

Rights

that

among

these

are

Life,Liberty

and

the

pursuit

of

Happiness.”And

here

is

the

sentence

we

often

forget:

“And

for

the

support

of

this

Declaration,with

a

firm

reliance

on

the

protection

of

Divine

Providence,

we

mutually

pledge

toeach

other

our

Lives,

our

Fortunes

and

our

Sacred

Honor.”–

A

Call

For

NationalService0

2Metaphors

&SiMetaphors

and

SiEcological

light

pollution

is

like

the

bulldozer

of

the

night,wrecking

habitat

and

disrupting

ecosystems

several

billionyears

in

the

making.–

Let

There

Be

Dark0

3Irony

&

HumorIrony

&

Humorsarcasm尖刻，蓄意重伤或讥讽satire泛指社会现象和人What’s

indefensible

is

our

habit

of

converting

homes,

offices

and

massive

commercialoutlets

into

igloos

on

summer

days,regardless

of

how

hot

it

is

outdoors.

Recently,

New

York

City

prohibited

stores

from

pum arctic

air

out

onto

the

searing

sidewalksin

an

attempt

to

lure

customers

while

burning

through

fossil

fuels

in

suicidal

fashion.–

Air-Conditioning

Will

Be

of

Us“Two

fifteen-year-old

girls

stood

eyeing

one

another

on acquaintance.

Finallyone

little

girl

said,

which

do

you

like

best,

people

or

things?”

The

other

littlegirlsaid,

“Things.”They

were

friends

at

once.–

Kaplan0

4其他金句Sound

bite•“

ernment

is

not

the

solution

to

our

problem;ernment

is

the

problem.””Service

would

not

be

compulsory,

but

it

wouldbe

an

expectation.“–

A

Callfor

National

Service••Read,

Kids,

ReadThings,

things,

things•Repetition

重复It is

important

not

to

confuse

hyperbolewith

si and

metaphor.

It

does

makea

comparison

but

unlike

si andmetaphor,hyperbole

has

a

humorous

effect

created

byan

overstatement.HyperboleSAMPLE“Well

now,

one

winter

it

was

so

cold

that

all

the

geese

flew

backward

and

all

thefish

moved

south

and

even

the

snow

turnedblue.

Late

at

night,

itgot

so

frigidthat

all

spoken

words

froze

solid

afore

they

could

be

heard.

People

had

to

waituntilsunup

to

find

out

what

folks

were

talking

about

the

night

before.”FUNCTIONEmphasizes

for

an

amusing

effect.Makes

common

human

feelings

remarkable

and

intense

to

such

anextent

that

they

do

not

remain

ordinary.Allusion,Allusion

is

a

brief

and

indirect

reference

to

aplace,

thing

or

idea

of

historical,

cultural,

literaryorpolitical

significance.It

does

not

describe

in

detail

the or

thing

to

whichit

refers.It

isjust sing

comment

and

the

writer

expects

thereader

to

possess

enoug owledge

to

spot

the

allusionand

grasp

its

importance

in

a

text.SAMPLEI

was

not

Pygmalion;

I

was

Frankenstein,

and

my

monster

had

me

by

the

throat.FUNCTIONSimplify

complex

ideas

and

emotions.The

readers

comprehend

the

complex

ideas

by

comparing

the

emotionsof

the

writer

to

the

references

given

by

them.Greek

Mythology

give

a

dreamlikeand

magical

touch

to

the

works

of

art.Biblical

allusions

appeal

to

the

readers

with

religiousbackgrounds.•风格三要“措辞”的识别风格三要

“修辞”的识别风格三要

“诉诸情感”的识别风格的点评及表达•风格实战解析Authors

use

pathos

to

invoke

sympathy

from

an

audience;

to

make

the

audience

feelwhatwhat

the

author

wants

them

to

feel.A

common

use

of

pathos

would

be

to

drawpity

from

an

audience.

Another

use

of

pathos

would

be

to

inspire

anger

fromanaudience;

perhaps

inorder

to

promptaction.Pathos

can

be

developed

by

using

meaningful

language,

emotional

tone,

emotion

evoking

examples,

stories

of

emotional

events,

and

implied

meanings."I

am

not

unmindful

that

some

of

you

have

come

here

out

of

great

trials

and

tribulations.Some

of

you

have

come

fresh

from

narrow

jail

cells.

And

some

of

you

have

come

from

areaswhere

your

quest

--

quest

for

freedomleft

you

battered

by

the

storms

of

persecution

andstaggered

by

the

winds

of .

You

have

been

the

veterans

of

creative

suffering.Continueto

work

with

the

faith

that

unearned

suffering

is

redemptive.

Go

back

toMississippi,

go

back

to

Alabama,

go

back

to

South

Carolina,

go

back

to

Georgia,

go

backto

Louisiana,

go

back

to

the

slums

and

ghettos

of

our

northern

cities,

knowing

thatsomehow

this

situation

can

and

will

be

changed."–I

Havea

Dream

by

Martin

Luther

King

Jr.

August

28th,

1963.EXAMPLEA

full-time

minimum-wage

worker

with

one

dependent

barely

makes

enough

today

to

stayabove

the

federal

poverty

line

of

$15,510

a

year.

But

most

minimum-wage

workers

don'thave

the

luxury

of

full-time

positions

— and

that's

often

not

by

choice.

The

combination

ofminimum

wages

and

limited

hours

translates

into

dismally

low,

poverty

level

earnings.–

Raise

the

Minimum

Wage•风格三要“措辞”的识别风格三要

“修辞”的识别•风格三要 “诉诸情感”的识别•风格的点评及表达•风格实战解析措辞：•The

writer

uses

precisely

chosen,

powerful

words

to

…This

juxtaposition

of

words

underscore

the

writer’

that…Positive

/

Negative

words

with

specifically

strong

/

poor

connotations

aid(the

author)

inhis

persuasive

struggle/”

ҁ具体的词）depicts

a

XXX

(aspiring/disparaging)

tone

of…,surely

hel

ҁthe

author҂to

spread

his

message.This

juxtaposition

of

words

underscores

the

writer’ that

this

developmentsignifies

…

and

thereby

creates

a

compelling

appeal

to

reader’s

emotions.••••明暗喻：The

imagery

dramatizes…讽刺：The

irony

tone

in

the

sentence

shows

the

author’s

disgust

about反问：The

use

of

rhetorical

questions

encourages

the

reader

to

consider…The

rhetorical

question

tugs

at

readers’

heartstrings.幽默：His

humor

diction

provides

a

link

between

him

and

the

audience,revealing

not

only

an

opportunity

to

laugh,but

also

reinforcement

of

theconcept

that

X

is

trustworthy

andjust

like

someone

else.•••修辞：诉诸感情：•The

writer

uses

the

final

sentences

of

the

passage

as

an

appeal

to

XXX

by

warning

thatunless

moreemphasis

is

placed

…,…(should

more

attention

not

paid

to…,

…would

)these

lines

serve

as

an

emotional

call

to

action

and

raise

the

stakes

of

the

argument

thewriter

is

making.•The

author

is

extremely

persuasive

in

his

argument

when

he

brings

pathos

into

effect.He

uses

pathos

to

appeal

to

the

emotions

of

the

readers.

He

plays

out

…

by

saying

”…”and

“…”.

This

information

is

used

to

show

the

reader

why

…•风格三要“措辞”的识别风格三要

“修辞”的识别•风格三要 “诉诸情感”的识别风格的点评及表达•风格实战解析SAT

Practice

Essay#6DIRECTIONSThe

essay

gives

you

an

opportunity

to

show

how

effectively

you

can

read

andcomprehend sage

and

write

an

essay

yzing

the

passage.

In

your

essay,

youshould

demonstrate

that

you

have

read

the

passage

carefully,

present

a

clear

and

logicalysis,

and

use

language

precisely.Your

essay

must

be

written

on

the

lines

provided

in

your

answer

booklet;

except

for

thePlanning

Page

of

the

answer

booklet,

you

will

receive

no

other

paper

on

which

to

write.You

will

have

enough

space

if

you

write

on

every

line,

avoid

wide

margins,

and

keepyour

handwriting

to

a

reasonable

size.

Remember

that

people

who

are

not

familiar

withyour

handwriting

will

read

what

you

write.

Try

to

write

or

print

so

that

what

you

arewriting

is

legible

to

those

readers.You

have

50

minutes

to

read

the

passage

and

write

an

essay

in

response

to

the

promptprovided

inside

this

booklet.You

will

have

enough

space

if

you

write

on

every

line,

avoid

wide

margins,

and

keepyour

handwriting

to

a

reasonable

size.

Remember

that

people

who

are

not

familiar

withyour

handwriting

will

read

what

you

write.

Try

to

write

or

print

so

that

what

you

arewriting

is

legible

to

those

readers.You

have

50

minutes

to

read

the

passage

and

write

an

essay

in

response

to

the

promptprovided

inside

this

booklet.REMINDERS—Do

not

write

your

essay

inthis

booklet.

Only

what

you

write

on

the

lined

pagesof

your

answer

booklet

will

beevaluated.—

An

off-topic

essay

will

not

beevaluated.As

you

read

the

passage

below,

consider

how

Martin

Luther

King

Jr.

usesevidence,

suchas

facts

or

examples,

to

support

claims.reasoning

to

develop

ideas

and

to

connect

claims

and

evidence.stylistic

or

persuasive

elements,

such

as

word

choice

or

appeals

to

emotion,

and

toadd

power

to

the

ideas

expressed.Adapted

from

Martin

Luther

King

Jr.,

“Beyond

Vietnam—A

Time

to

Break

Silence.”The

speech

was

delivered

at

Riverside

Church

in

New

York

City

on

April

4,

1967.1

Since

I

am

a

preacher

by

calling,

I

suppose

it

is

not

surprising

that

I

have

.

.

.

majorreasons

for

bringing

Vietnam

into

the

field

of

my

moral

vision.

There

is

at

the

outset

avery

obvious

and

almost

facile

connection

between

the

war

in

Vietnam

and

the

struggle

I,and

others,

have

been

waging

in

America.

A

few

years

ago

there

was

a

shining

momentin

that

struggle.

It

seemed

as

if

there

was

a

real

promise

of

hope

for

the

poor—both

blackand

white—through

the

poverty

program.

There

were

experiments,

hopes,

new1Since

I

am

a

preacher

by

calling,

I

suppose

it

is

not

surprising

that

I

have

.

.

.

majorreasons

for

bringing

Vietnam

into

the

field

of

my

moral

vision.

There

is

at

the

outset

avery

obvious

and

almost

facile

connection

between

the

war

in

Vietnam

and

the

struggle

I,and

others,

have

been

waging

in

America.

A

few

years

ago

there

was

a

shining

momentin

that

struggle.

It

seemed

as

if

there

was

a

real

promise

of

hope

for

the

poor—both

blackand

white—through

the

poverty

program.

There

were

experiments,

hopes,

newbeginnings.

Then

came

the

buildup

in

Vietnam,

and

I

watched

this

program

broken

andeviscerated,

as

if

it

were

some

idle

political

plaything

of

a

society

gone

mad

on

war,

and

Iknew

that

America

would

never

invest

the

necessary

funds

or

energies

in

rehabilitationof

its

poor

so

long

as

adventures

like

Vietnam

continued

to

draw

men

and

skills

andmoney

like

some

demonic

destructive

suction

tube.

So,

I

was

increasingly

compelled

tosee

the

war

as

an

enemy

of

the

poor

and

to

attack

it

as

such.2Perhaps

a

more

tragic

recognition

of

reality

took

place

when

it

became

clear

to

me

thatthe

war

was

ng

far

more

than

devastating

the

hopes

of

the

poor

at

home.

It

wassending

their

sons

and

their

brothers

and

their

husbands

to

fight

and

to

die

inextraordinarily

high

proportions

relative

to

the

rest

of

the

population.

We

were

takingthe

black

young

men

who

had

been

crippled

by

our

society

and

sending

them

eightthousand away

to

guarantee

liberties

in

Southeast

Asia

which

they

had

not

foundin

southwest

Georgia

and

East

Harlem.

And

so

we

have

been

repeatedly

faced

with

thecruel

irony

of

watching

Negro

and

white

boys

on

TV

screens

as

they

kill

and

dietogetherextraordinarily

high

proportions

relative

to

the

rest

of

the

population.

We

were

takingthe

black

young

men

who

had

been

crippled

by

our

society

and

sending

them

eightthousand away

to

guarantee

liberties

in

Southeast

Asia

which

they

had

not

foundin

southwest

Georgia

and

East

Harlem.

And

so

we

have

been

repeatedly

faced

with

thecruel

irony

of

watching

Negro

and

white

boys

on

TV

screens

as

they

kill

and

die

togetherfor

a

nation

that

has

been

unable

to

seat

them

together

in

the

same

schools.

And

so

wewatch

them

in

brutal

solidarity

burning

the

huts

of

a

poor

village,

but

we

realize

thatthey

would

hardly

live

on

the

same

block

in

Chicago.

I

could

not

be

silent

in

the

face

ofsuch

cruel

manipulation

of

thepoor.3

My

[next]

reason

moves

to

an

even

deeper

level

of

awareness,

for

it

grows

out

of

myexperience

in

the

ghettoes

of

the

North

over

the

last

three

years—especially

the

last

threesummers.

As

I

have

walked

among

the

desperate,

rejected,

and

angry

young

men,

I

havetold

them

that

Molotov

cocktails1

and

rifles

would

not

solve

their

problems.

I

have

triedto

offer

them

my

deepest

compassion

while

maintaining

my

conviction

that

socialchange

comes

most

meaningfully

through

nonviolent

action.

But

they

ask—and

rightlyso—what

about

Vietnam?

They

ask

if

our

own

nation

wasn’t

using

massive

doses

ofto

solve

its

problems,

to

bring

about

the

changes

it

wanted.

Their

questions

hithome,

and

I

knew

that

I

could

never

again

raise

my

voice

against

the

of

theoppressed

in

the

ghettos

without

havingin

the

world

today—my

ownspoken

clearly

to

the

greatest

purveyor

ofernment.

For

the

sake

of

those

boys,

for

thesake

of

this

ernment,

for

the

sake

of

the

hundreds

of

thousands

trembling

under

our,

I

cannot

be

silent.4

For

those

who

ask

the

question,

“Aren't

you

a

civil

rights

leader?”

and

thereby

meantexclude

me

from

the

movement

for

peace,

I

have

this

further

answer.

In

1957when

agroup

of

us

formed

the

Southern

Christian

Leadership

Conference,

we

chose

as

ourmotto:

“To

save

the

soul

of

America.”

We

were

convinced

that

we

could

not

limit

ourvision

to

certain

rights

for

black

people,

but

instead

affirmed

the

conviction

that

Americawould

never

be

free

or

saved

from

itself

until

the

descendants

of

its

slaves

were

loosedcomple

y

from

the

shackles

the