读写任务-主题句及拓展句课件

评讲Howtosummarizeanargumentation?议论三步法一、找论点—观点(主题句，关键词)论据—（不同的观点）结论—（解决方法）二、改语态的转换(人称）同义词、反义词等的转换句式的转换三、写将句子整合，用自己的话写出摘要skills四.套用：1.引言句（1）Inthepassage,theauthorholdstheviewthat+从句….（2）Thepassagegivestheviewthat+从句…2.论点+论据+（结论）五.运用简单的连词要点连接起来

but,and,so,however,because,therefore,besides,including,suchas,notonly…but等等

Thedishonestpeoplesometimescangetbenefitfromtheirbehaviors.（论据）Sosomepeopleassertthatdishonestycanbringpeoplebenefit，whilehonestyonlymakespeoplesuffer.Isthatso？Definitelynot.Itisalwaystruethathonestyisthebestpolicy.Itpaystobehonest.Thecheaterselling"thetreasure"mentionedabovewillsurelybedisclosedandpunishedsomeday.Onthecontrary，ifhehadbeenhonest，neitherthebuyernorhehimselfwouldhavesuffered.Thepeoplewhodonotreturnmoneyintimewillsoonerorlaterbecomeinfamous，andwillnotgetthemoneyfromothersagain.Ifhehadacteddifferently，hewouldhaveearnedrespectandtrust，（论点）meanwhile，thebankwouldnothavesufferedfromloss.Thepassagemainlytellsusthatnowadaysmanypeoplearedishonestfortheirownbenefit，fortheynotonlyneglectourtraditionalvalues，butalsowanttoescapebeingpunished.第二部分写作段落由哪些句子组成

1.主题句topicsentence一般出现在句首，是对全段的概括。也可出现在段末。2.扩展句supportingdetails对主题句进行举例说明论证，或进行详细解释。3.结尾句concludingsentence对主题句的呼应，中肯切要。（主题句）Booksareourteachers.（扩展句1）Theyhanddownknowledgefromgenerationstogenerations.（扩展句2）Theyteachushowtodothingsandhowtoliveausefullife.（结尾句）Therefore,weshouldreadasmanybooksaspossible..直接回答要点

Model:假如你处在那些动物的处境,你会有什么反应？

（2009广东高考读写任务要点2）

IfIwereananimalinthewildlifepark,Icouldfeelannoyedwhenpeoplekeepphotographingme.

你理想中的大学生活是什么样的？

写作要点是询问考生的看法时，对提问直接作出回答。Inmyeyes,myidealcollegelifeiswonderful/relaxing.常用词组：Inmyopinion/asforme/asfarasIamconcerned模式1Idisagreewiththeideathat…Iamopposedtotheideathat…Idisapproveoftheideathat…Insomeway,Iagreewith…but…Whatthewritersaidsoundsreasonable,but…Discusstheexpressionsofsupportingandobjecting

Iagreewiththestatementthat…Iaminfavorof…IappreciatethatIapproveoftheideathat…Ibelievethat…Iagreewithwhatthewritersaid/says.表示支持或赞同的句型：表示反对或不赞同的句型：你对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的看法。

(2010年广东高考读写任务要点1)

Iamnotinfavorofencouragingkidswithcashjustbecausetheyhavegotgoodmarks.说明某一品质或做某事的重要性时，从多方面来阐述，如社会、生活、工作、学习等方面来论述，切忌泛泛而谈，同时还要条理清晰。常用到的句型有：⑴...isofgreatimportance/significance/value/help.Tobeginwith，itcan...Besides，itstrengthensthetiebetween...Finally，ithelpsto...⑵...hasagreatimpacton…Firstly，...Secondly，...Thirdly，...总述原因

Model:使我们生活发生变化有哪些原因？Therearethreereasonsforthechangesthathavetakenplaceinourlife.

Thereareseveralreasonsthatcontributeto…Thereasonsforthisareobvious……forreasonsasfollows

Thereasonwhy…isthat…Usefulexpressionsforreasons:模式4.你支持青少年的秘密应该与父母分享的理由是什么？

Iinsistthatteenagers’secretsshouldbesharedwiththeirparentsforreasonsasfollows.…的原因显而易见…的原因有多种…的原因如下句型提示常用句型：●Weshouldtakesomeeffectivemeasures.●

Weshouldtryourbesttoovercome/conquerthedifficulties.●

Weshouldsolvetheproblemsthatwearefacedwith.●

Itisnecessarythatproperactions/stepsshouldbe

takentoendthephenomenon.引出建议、方法、措施、步骤等Model:说说人们对环境保护所采取的措施。

Luckily,moreandmoremeasuresarebeingtakentoprotecttheenvironment.

模式5.如何才能获得快乐？Weshouldfindsomeeffectivewaystomakeourselveshappy.引出经历简述你经历过的一次困难或考验。(2010茂名一模)Itremindsmeofmyownexperiencewhen…常用句型：Itremindsmeofthetimewhen…Itremindsmeofanaccidentwhichhappenedseveraldaysago.Afterreadingthestoryabove,Irecalltheexperienceofmyfriendwho…Thestoryaboveremindsmeofoneofmyexperiences…用来引出记叙文的具体事例。模式6.回答要点段落主题句的模式Conclusion表明立场重述要点总述原因引出建议、方法、措施、步骤引出经历练习综合运用[写作内容]以约120个词就“schoolrules”这个话题发表你的看法，内容要点包括：（1）同学们怎么看待你们的校规；（2）你认为校规的作用是什么；（3）你对校规的制定有什么建议。直接回答要点重述要点引出建议、方法、措施、步骤等如何写拓展句围绕主题句进行举例说明论证，或进行详细解释。（论证）拓展句子的常用法有:

举例法列举式递进式说明原因/结果正反式相关式/细化主题叙述他人经历……1.现实生活中有很多名人在面对困难时坚持自己的目标。就拿史铁生，一个著名的中国作家来说吧，有了坚强的意志，他从来没有屈服于残疾，终于创造了大量的杰出作品，这使他取得了巨大的成功。另一个令人信服的例子就是刘伟，一个无臂钢琴家，如果他放弃尝试，他永远也克服不了自己的残疾而赢得了中国才艺表演赛。

Therearecountlesscelebritieswhosticktotheirgoalswhenfacingdifficulties.

(主题句)TakeShiTiesheng,afamousChinesewriter,forexample.

Withstrongwillpower,henevergaveintodisabilityandfinallycreatedlotsofmarvelousworks,whichearnedhimagreatsuccess.

AnotherconvincingexampleisLiuWei,anarmlesspianist.

Ifhehadgivenuptrying,neverwouldhehaveovercomehisdisabilityandwontheChina’sTalentShow.

举例法

通过主题句直截了当的提出自己的观点，再举出具体例子加以说明。

常用的过渡连接词：forexample(instance),oneexampleis,anotherexampleis,furthermore,moreover,inaddition如（1）：谈论个人对网上购物的看法。Ononehand,onlineshoppinghasitsadvantages.Firstly,itismuchcheaper.AsfarasI’mconcerned,onlinestoresofferlowerpricestothecustomersandsomedon’tchargedeliveryfeeifwebuymorethanone.Secondly,itismoreconvenientascustomersneedn’twalkstoreafterstoreforwhattheylike.Andit’seasierforthemtocompareproductsonline.Ontheotherhand…1、列举式/递进式列举式

一方面利用正反式谈论其优点和缺点，另一方面利用列举式分别谈其优点或缺点。例如详写其优点：列举法

首先摆出一个论点，然后列举一系列的论据对其进行陈述或解释

常用的过渡连接词：tobeginwith,first,second,also,besides,moreover,finally;one,another,stillanother3.说明理由（道理分析）(明确观点)Whenvisitingwildlifeparks，manytouristslovetotakephotoswithanimals.(总述理由)Reasonsforthisarevaried.(例举理由)Somepeoplewanttoremembertheirenjoyableandunforgettableexperiencewiththeanimalsbytakingphotoswiththem(第一条).先明确表明自己的观点，然后再列出具体的多个理由，不能一句话轻轻带过。可用句型有：⑴Therearereasonswhy...Firstofall，...Then...Finally，...做某事的原因有：第一，……；其次，……；最后……

⑵Reasonsforthisarevaried.Somepeoplethink...Othersthink...其原因是多方面的，有人认为……另外一些人认为……⑶Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat...because...Inaddition，...我坚决赞同……的看法，因为……，此外……

⑷Thereasonscanbelistedasfollows./Thereasonsforthisareasfollows.Tobeginwith，...Inaddition，...其理由可列举如下/其理由如下：首先，……；其次，……如：（1）11年广州一模要求就“诚信的重要性”的主题发表看法，要点（1）你读后的感受；（主题句-感受）Afterreadingthestory,Ifeelitisimportanttobehonest.(拓展句)It’sobviousthatanhonestpersonwilldefinitelywintherespectfromothers,whichisofgreatimportanceinourstudyanddailylife,letitaloneinthebusinessworld.However,adishonestpersonwilllosehisfameandtrustfromotherssoonerorlater.Nomatterhowintelligentheis,dishonestywillruinhisfuture.4、正反式(总述)Pressurehasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.(利)Ontheonehand，acertainamountofpressurecanencourageus，inspireusandpromoteus.(弊)Ontheotherhand，toomuchpressurewillcertainlydoharmtousstudents，whichmayinfluenceourhealthandstudy.套用句型1.Differentpeopleholddifferentviewsonthequestion.Somebelievethat...Othersarguethat...Stillothersmaintainthat...在这个问题上不同的人持有不同的观点。有些人相信……其他人辩驳说……还有其他人坚持认为……Generallyspeaking，thereareseveralpositiveaspectsasfollows.Firstly，...Secondly...However，itsdisadvantages/weaknessesarealsoobvious.Oneofthedisadvantagesisthat....Tomakemattersworse，...一般说来，有如下几个积极的方面，第一……第二……。然后，其不利的一面也显而易见，其中一个不利因素是……；更糟糕的是……如(1)：就“如何减少交通事故”的主题谈论人们应该如何避免交通事故Whatcanwedotoavoidtrafficaccidents?①Astodrivers:a)keeptheiremotionsundercontrol;b)respectothers②Astowalkers/pedestriansandcyclists:

a)strictlyobeythetrafficrules;b)valuetheirownlives5.、相关式/细化主题所谓相关式是指围绕决定事物的相关因素谈论问题的方法。我们就可以围绕造成交通事故的相关因素如司机和行人来谈论如何避免。如（2）你对考试作弊的看法。（主题-明示观点）Inmyopinion,thisphenomenonwillhaveaverybadeffectonmiddleschoolstudents’studyhabit.（拓展句）（细化）Thosewhousuallycheatinexamswillnevertreatstudyseriouslyagainbecausetheybelievetheywillalwaysgetgoodmarkswithoutworkinghard.

Thosewhonevercheatinexamswillconsiderit’sunfairforthem,thinkingstudyinghardisnotnecessary.1）你对不诚实现象的看法Dishonestydoesgreatharmtooursociety.（主题句）.Fitstly,Itcandestroyourgoodrelationshipwithothers，bringinglotsofunstablefactorstothesociety.Secondly，itmayevenaffectpeople‘shealth.（拓展句)---运用列举法2）诚实的重要性。Whyshouldwebehonest？或Honestyplaysanimportantroleinourlife.(主题句)Firstly，beinghonestisoneofChinesetraditionalvirtueswhichweshouldcarryforward.Secondly，friendshipisbasedonhonesty.Seeingthatthehonestpersonisreliable，mostofpeoplearewillingtomakefriendswiththem.Thirdly，honestyisveryimportantforustobuildaharmonioussocietyandrealizeourspiritualcivilization.(拓展句)-----列举法3）作为中学生，该如何做一个诚实的人

Asstudents，weshouldacthonestlyeverydayandnevercheatothers，includingcheatinexams.

(主题句)Besides，weshouldhelpthosewhoaredishonestcorrecttheirmistakes.(拓展句)Onlyinthiswaycanwewinrespectfromothers(结尾句)练习:试卷议论文:

阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Gettingupearlyhasbeenregardedasagoodhabitsinceancienttimes.Manyyearsago,peoplethoughtthatifwewenttobedearlyandgetupearly,wewouldbeenergeticthewholeday.So,gettingupearlyisofgreatimportancetousall.Infact,morningisthebesttimeofaday.Inthemorning,theairisthefreshestand